DRY STONE BUILDING TECHNIQUES & SOLAR ENERGY IN DUBROVNIK

Biserka Simatović, Project Coordinator Lead Beneficiary, City of Dubrovnik

EX.PO AUS

„Extension of Potentiality of Adriatic UNESCO sites”

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP May 29-31, 2014

„ Dry stone building techniques and know-how between tradition and innovation”

Alberobello, Italy

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance 

Dry Stone Building - Stone shelters

Dubrovnik-Neretva region

„bunja” in Dalmatia and islands

„vrtujak and toreta” on Korcula Island

Dry Stone Building in the Dubrovnik-Neretva region

Stone architecture used along the Croatian coast

Proportion based on the square root of three divided by two

DRY STONE CONSTRUCTION

• A natural barrier built high enough so sheep cannot escape

• Strong enough to resist the ‘bora’ wind• Various traditional constructions: support walls for

terraced slopes, cisterns, barns, field shelters and entire small settlements occasionally used in the open fields and grazing areas

• Habitat for various plant species and animals• Endangered areas of past architecture, difficult to protect

Typical drystone

„VRTUJAK”• Vrtujak near Vela Luka, Korcula Island• Important cultural heritage; proportion system used• Korcula used to be covered in vineyards, now trees• Some are hidden by bushes, even those with watch towers facing

the sea or other shelters • Normally, rectangular ground plan and sometimes very thin walls• Used for storage: equipment for work in vineyards• Cisterns with ‘catching’ platforms for collecting water and basins for

blue copper - vitriolac

„TORETA”• Near the village of Smokvica, Korcula Island• Wooden door (only used for sheltering shepherds)• Sheep pen with sheep folds with wooden roof construction near the

toreta• Walls can be very thin, requiring craftsmenship • Corbelled construction is perfect• Today, state of roofs is relatively good, after decades of no

maintenance• Origin: Spain according to legend, Menorca – where the village is

called ‘toreta’ and stone shelters are known• Found also in Puglia, not far from Korcula

TYPICAL FORMATION OF VILLAGES ALONG DALMATIAN COAST & ISLANDS

KonavleRegion

POPOVIĆI – complex of houseswith a ‘kominat’ or fireplace (top)

POPOVIĆI – chimney over the entire fireplace or ‘kominat’ (left)

POLJICA GORNJA – courtyard(right)

KONAVLE REGION

‘GORNJA BANDA’ groupingof a gumno and shelter

PRIMORJE REGION

COASTAL

TOČIONIK-BRDO (top left)TRNOVICA pool (top right)

KOTEŽI (bottom leftBANIĆI, Gornje selo, cistern

(bottom right)

METKOVIC

PODGREĐE – ‘Saleš’typical building

hearth on ground floorbasket for drying corn on south side, top floor

SIPAN ISLAND Šipanska luka(top)

DO (bottom left)VOJINO SEO (bottom right)

LASTOVO ISLAND & typical shelter

VID near METKOVIC

building, 1st half 19th c. &Traditional buildings in Opuzen

TYPICAL STRUCTURE

KONAVLE REGION

traditional „GUMNO”

KONAVLE „GUMNO”Old Slavic – gu – govedo ( + mbneti – koračati / place where cattle walk on wheat)

• ‘Gumno’s’ were used for harvesting & important meeting place for peasants: singing, playing, drinking, bonfires

• In the Dubrovnik Primorje region and in Konavle, they were walled in stone

• Built close to storages• Oval, paved in large flat stones, low walls up to half a meter and

stone benches and wide entrances, central stone post for tying up animals

• Usually with 2 entrances, one for horses and the other for carrying out straw

• Used also for celebrations and dancing ‘Lindo’ – famous traditional folk dancing in the Dubrovnik region

• Important meeting point for peasants

KONAVLE „GUMNO”as a corral, storage of equipmentGornje Konavle, northern Primorje, islands

VARIOUS SHELTERS

BROKEN DOWN SHELTER &BOUNDARY

RENOVATION OF DRYSTONE HERITAGE• WHO: local licensed company „Gradevinar-Quelin”

• WHERE: Arboretum, Trsteno (near Dubrovnik)

• WHAT: Panorama Point overlooking Adriatic Sea

• WHEN: May 2011

• WHY: Damage due to heavy rainfall

TRSTENO

outskirts of Dubrovnik

TRSTENO

renovations

TRSTENO – renovations

QUARRYING STONE

• Irregular shaped stones found in the ground, minimal shaping• Best stone has 2 parallel faces, long enough to be anchored deep

into walls• flat stones of all sizes can be used• Large boulders – need to locate the direction in which layers are

positioned in order to break off layers with wooden spike• Stone tiles and quality boulders that need to be worked must be

quarried• Most settlements use nearby quarries – hard rock with horizontal

layers

„ROCK OF ROOF” PROJECT

• IPA Adriatic CBC 2007-2013; 4 years; 4 countries; • 10 partners: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina• Dubrovnik-Neretva County Development Agency DUNEA• 140,900.00 EUR• End: 2015• Creation of a platform for sustainable use of limestone,

sustainable guidelines• Identification of limestone sites, determination of joint

legislation framework, map of quarries, database, studies, education of urban planners, architects, engineers, conservationists, politicians

EUROPA NOSTRA AWARD• Presentation by Grga Frangeš on the award winning

project "Preserving Dry-Stone Masonry Techniques of the Eastern Adriatic" by 4 Grada Dragodid from Croatia, laureate of European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Award 2011 in the category Education, training and awareness-raising.

• This presentation has been voted as the best formal presentation by the audience at The Best in Heritage 2012 conference in Dubrovnik

• http://www.thebestinheritage.com/presentations/2012/4-grada-dragodid---preserving-dry-stone-masonry-techniques-of-the-eastern-adriatic,192.html

MORE INFORMATIONGrga Frangeš

Ethnologist grgoje@gmail.com

4 Grada Dragodid

Krajiška 30, 10 000 Zagreb

info@dragodid.org

www.dragodid.org

&

Suhozid.hr – a citizen science web portal

CURRENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IN

DUBROVNIK

• Installation of intelligent energy system and changing woodwork in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum

• Solar cooling system on Vodovod building

• Solar heating system on city pool

• Instalation of LED street light lamps that are 60% more energy efficient than current ones.

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Dubrovnik Natural History Museum

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Intelligent Energy System and Woodwork changes in Dubrovnik Natural History

Museum

Current conditions:

•No installed heating/cooling system

•No light intensity regulator

•Low energy efficient doors and windows

•Energy consumption of the building is 143,70 kWh/(m2a) - kilowatt hours per sq. metre per annum

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Woodwork changes and intelligent energy system in Dubrovnik Natural History

Museum

Project goals:

•Replacement of 49 windows and 7 doors with more energy-efficient ones

• current windows and doors allow air flow through spaces between frames

• rotting shutters cannot open and allow the entry of sunlight• investments will result up to 30% lower heating energy consumption

• The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Project goals:•Installation of an intelligent LED lighting system

• Use of LED bulbs allows modifying the intensity of light depending on sunlight

• Reduction of lighting energy consumption up to 12 times• Filament and halogen bulbs were previously used

Woodwork change and intelligent energy system in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Project goals:•Installation of an intelligent heating/cooling system (17,4kW), which will automatically regulate temperature, turning on/off and so reduce energy consumption

• Energy that was prioryl used for heating one floor will be now sufficient for heating the entire building

• building was previously heated with ordinary Electric heaters (Consuption: 2kw per heater)

Woodwork change and intelligent energy system in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Solar cooling system on the „Vodovod” building

IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” projectThe general objectives of the project:

• to promote the use of renewable energy for refreshing and cooling in the territories of the Adriatic area

• to establish a co-operation between technical and public institutions and operators, in order to make them understand the potentiality of Solar Cooling technologies

• to set-up demonstration pilot sites to better assess the technical and economic feasibility in the Adriatic area

• to contribute to the decarbonisation of the Adriatic area

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project

Schematic of an absorption solar cooling system which is used for cooling Vodovod building

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

• Investment • 145,000 euro

• 65m2 of solar collectors are used for• 17,5 kw of cooling power• 25 kw of heating power

Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Commissioning of an absorption solar cooling system

Solar collectors used for cooling

Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Solar heating system on city pool• heating system based on solar collectors• system will save up to 20% of nnual energy consumption • reduction in annual greenhouse gas emissions by 104 tons

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

• 600m2 of solar collectors will produce 372,4 kw of heating power (404Mwh annually)

• annual savings of 39 400 L of heating oil

Solar heating system on city pool

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

LED street lights 30 LED lamps have been installed in Andrije Hebranga Street(Gruž area) as a pilot project

Final goal of this project is to eventually replace all streetlights with LED ones in the City of Dubrovnik

LED lamps are 60% more energy efficient than classic onesand save up to 1200kn (160 EUR) per lamp per year

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

City of DubrovnikPred Dvorom 1HR-20000 DubrovnikTel: 0038520351800www.dubrovnik.hr

Agency for energetics &information technologies Ltd.Ivan GrbavacMob: 00385 91 6126 613www.energit.biz

The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance