DS-3A Drill Steel Sliarpener

Gardner-Denver light and medium weight rock

drills are admirably suited for general utility work around

mines and quarries, they are equipped with easily

operated steel pullers, efficient hole cleaning means

and with wet or dry attachments. The L O - 3 A Line

Oiler is especially designed for efficiently lubricating

under all conditions, rock drill equipment of all descrip­

tions. Gardner-Denver DS-3A Drill Steel Sharpeners

are of medium size, low air consumpi:ion and give high speed

service on bits up to 2i" and on shanks on all sections of drill steel.

Let our representative call and convince you.

GARDNER-DENVER COMPANY

QUINCY, ILL. DENVER, COLO.

Sah Offers Thmi^kui the WoM

C\^HE TRAYLOR VIBRATING SCREEN offers more pro^ tection* — Rubber screen cloth pads.

These rubber pads placed between the wire screen cloth and sash give added

life to the screen cloth.

Double Deck Screen

Traylor screen engineering features not found in

any other screen.

„ Write our engineering departtnent. They will be ( D | . glad to submit ideas on your screening or conveying Ji;( " «' problems. They know. "

1400 Delgany St T H E T R A Y L O R V I B R A T O R C O . Denver, Colo

"Don't worry about a little scratch like that" said Thotless. "Hundreds of fellows are getting minor cuts and bruises every day. They don't run to the first aid kit or bother to see a doctor about such trifles. Why should you? Get back to your work and forget about it." Jim did as Thotless said. Some time later infection set in causing Jim to lose his finger, as well as losing several months' pay.

There are countless Jims in every mine, mill and smelter who are letting Thotless run their lives. S T O N E ­H O U S E A C C I D E N T P R E V E N T I O N SIGNS safeguard these men by impressing them with the Safety idea.

Send for C^ata 'og i ¥ o . 3 iLustrating and de^ scribing Sionehouse Standard Stsel Signs <—made for eDery purpose.

S I Q N S , INC.

Wlien Patronizine Advertisers Plea.t;e Mention Colorado School oF Mines Maeazine

The Goodman Trammer has a Good Chassis !

Chassis—Cast Steel

Frame and battery box are carried on 4 heavy coil springs.

Extra large axles, 31^ in. Dia. Ball bearings for side thrust. Extra long axle bearings. Al l housings dirt and water tight.

The More You Know Unit recently shipped to the iron mines of the International Harvester Co. in northern Minnesota.

about the'construction features of the Goodman Trammer

the More You'll Like It! MANUFACTURING

C O M P A N V HALSTED ST.at4STH. CHICAGO IL.I_.

Locomot ives "Loaders - C o a l C u t t e r s PITT3BUR(;H-WILKES-8ARRE-HUNTm6TON,iV!W.-CIN<: iNNATI-BIRMINeHAM-ST.LOUIS-OBNVER-PRICE,UTAH

Refer to the 1929 Key­stone Metal Quarry Cata­log ot write as for com­plete specifications.

(33-)

Economy in Mineral Exploration means practical application of

G e o p h y s i c a l I n s t r u m e n t s

Askania Geophysical instruments have been suc­cessful in assisting geologists and mining engineers to locate iron, copper, zinc, lead, coal and salt deposits in many districts throughout the world. They re­move doubt, eliminate unprofitable borings and speed up exploration work. They have proved through the test of time the accuracy of their analysis.

We are making and selling for geophysical work: Eoetvoes torsion balances with photographic and visual reading (large and small types), magnetometers, seismographs and other scientific instruments.

For particulars write

American Askania Corporation 1024 M a r i n e B a n k Bldg. , Hous ton , T e x a s

When Patronizing Advertisers Please iVtention Colorado School ol Mines Magazine

A L U M N I Do You Know of Some Boy

who has missed a credit which he needs for

college entrance ? If this lack is in Physics

or Chemistry, Solid Geometry or Advanced

Algebra, tell him he can make up the work

by attending the Colorado School of Mines

Summer Session.

Do You Know of Someone

who is irregular in his technical course ? If

so, tell him he can receive during the School

of Mines Summer Session, training in Chem­

istry, Physics, Mathematics, Descript ive

Geometry, Surveying, Mechanics, Electricity,

Geology, Engineering Design, Metallurgy

and English. Credits accepted in other

colleges and universities. Registration for

the eight weeks courses begins June 30;

for the six weeks, July 14.

D O Y O U R P A R T , A L U M N I

APPLY TO THE REGISTRAR, COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES,

GOLDEN, COLORADO, FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

r I ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Elevation of the G-E vertical compound turbine-generator

JOIN US IN T H E G E N E R A L

E L E C T R I C HOUR, BROADCAST

E V E R Y SATURDAY EVENING

ON A NATION-WIDE N . B . C .

N E T W O R K

G E N E R A L

E L E C T R I C

Learning the Latest Word in Turbine

Construction A n important departure in apparatus engineering is thie General Electric vertical compound turbine-generator. In this machine, the high-pressure ele­ment, heretofore separate, is built on top of the low-pressure generator.

This compact construction does away with the necessity for building a separate foundation for the high-pressure unit, permits the use of one set of air coolers, requires less piping, and conserves floor space.

Test men—^veterans, as well as more recent grad­uates of engineering colleges—take charge of the machine after assembly, test for oil leaks, bring it up to speed and check balance in the initial run, and set the emergency and operating governors. Electrical tests follow after the generators are coupled on. This work is part of the training program for general, industrial, sales, or advanced engineering work with the General Electric Com­pany.

G E N E R A L E L E C T R I C C O M P A N Y , S C H E N E C T A D Y , N E W 9S.769DH Y O R K

COLORADO Warrior Peak in San Isabel Nat'l Forest. Belowi Rodeos are a summer attraction. Colorado's orchards yield abundantly.

V,

What is Colorado . . . .

to you? Just an oblong

DIOCG on the map?

If you're one of the few people who haven't been to Colorado, you've missed some real enioyment. And if you've only been to Denver on business, or to Pikes Peak for a brief stopover, you have little knowledge of why Colorful Colorado "offers more in terms of real living."

If you knew Colorado, you would like to live here —and you would live in happiness, with more friends, more recreation, more good health and most delight­ful conditions for your work.

But don't take our word for this. Come up to Colo­rado on a vacation or business trip; investigate conditions in your occupation and see for yourself. Measure the low living costs. Note the great variety of outdoor joys that cost little or nothing. Look at the bright offices; the convenient, lovely, uncrowded

residence districts; the comfortable farms with their abundant production of delicious eatables; the spa­ciousness that prevents undue traffic congestion; the ideal conditions for wage earners.

Come at any time of year—and compare the weather with what you'd be having back home.

Colorful Colorado's scenery is famous everywhere. But incomparable though it is, Colorado's scenery is the background—not the main attraction. Colorado's scenic splendor merely means that whether you are at work or play, you only have to look up to fill your eyes with a flood of soul-satisfying beauty.

Come up the next chance you get. Overnight from half the nation, two nights from almost anywhere, Colorado is near enough for the shortest vacation. And bring the family—let them have a wonderfully good time, tool The coupon below will bring you accurate information.

THE C O L O R A D O A S S O C I A T I O N Colorado fvuiis and vegetables . . . hoih fresh and canned. . . have a delicacy of flavor possible only from Colorado climate and Colorado soil. A.sk for them and note ihe difference!

THE COLORADO ASSOCIATION, 703 Kit Carson Bldg., Denver, Colo.

Send me the booklet, "Up in Colorful Colorado." Include specific information about ^

Name .

Address-

D Y N A M I T E c l e a r s t h e w a y f o r m o d e r n e n g i n e e r i n g w o n d e r s !

T h e

Chrysler Building

w o r l d ' s h i g h e s t s t r u c t u r e • • •

h o w D Y N A M I T E h e l p e d t o

b u i l d t h i s m i g h t y s k y s c r a p e r

r j l H E Chrysler Building . . . towering above New York's X amazing skyline . . . looms 1046 feet into the blue.

It is the tallest structure ever built by man.

Genius of engineering did it. But the power of dynamite was there . . . A V o r k i n g efficiently, quickly, to blast out solid rock so that the giant foundations might be placed.

Dynamite is the ally of the modern engineer. It is the tool without which carefully designed plans for many heroic undertakings would never be more than paper plans.

Skyscrapers. Tmmels through mountains, under rivers and cities. Bridges and highways. Dams and reservoirs. These . . . and numerous other . . . engineering marvels are built with the aid of dynamite. Dynamite digs into the earth and blasts out raw materials used in the making of countless articles we use every day.

Dynamite is more than important to industry . . , it is necessary!

If you would like to learn more about explosives and how to use them . . . if you want to learn today for tomorrow's jobs . . . simply write direct to the du Pont Company for full information.

You will receive a copy of the Blasters' Handbook, which contains a great deal of the vast knowledge of explosives gained by the du Pont Company in 128 years of making and testing explosives. This book is used in the classrooms and dormitories of leading technical institutions. Your copy is free. Write for it.

MP REfi .U.S.PAT.Off .

E X P L O S I V E S E . I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., Inc. EXPLOSIVES DEPT. WILMINGTON, DEL.

One of a series of photographs taken of the C. F, & I. Steel Works by Eugene Hutchinson,

Ql You sharpen your pencil and figure stresses and strains from every angle. Just to be sure . . . you even allow that extra margin of safety. Ql Has it ever occurred to you how much depends on the manufacturer who makes those reinforcing bars, structural and angles? For better than fifty years, C. F. & I. has kept faith with the men who build. They have made the best steel that could be made. Ql The entire industry, from mines and quarries to finished steel, is C. F. & I. controlled. This insures steel meeting the exacting standards of builders. Never will that faith be broken.

««

7he C O L O R A D O F U E L & I R O N C O . m m General Offices: Steel Works: \ B ^ m J

D E N V E R , C O L O R A D O P U E B L O , C O L O R A D O STEELPRODUCTS

When Patronizing Advertisers Please Mention Colorado School of Mines Magazine

9fiv COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES

oi^AGAZINE Twenty-five cents a copy

V O L . X X

Copyrighted 1930 Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association One dollar and a half a year

OFFICERS A N D IWEMBERS OF E X E C U T I V E COIMMITTEE

1930-1931 H U G H A. STEWART, '12, President A L L A N E . CHAIG, '14, Vice-President C. LORIMER COLBURN, '07, Secretary H A R V E Y MATHEWS, '13, Treasurer WILLIAM F . K O C H , ' I I GEORGE H . ROLL, '19 WILLIAM-P. SIMPSON, 'OI

W A Y S A N D M E A N S C O M M I T T E E

CHARLES M . R A T H , '05, Chairman A X E L ANDERSON, '04 CARL A . BLAUROCK, '16 THOMAS P. CAMPBELL, '24 SHRIVE B. COLLINS, '01 L U T H E R B. EAMES, '05 THOMAS S. HARRISON, '08. E R L E O . KISTLER, Hon. '29 A L F R E D E . PERKINS, 'IO

P U B L I C A T I O N C O M M I T T E E HOWARD A. STORM, '29, Chairman H A R V E Y MATHEWS, '13 WARREN C . PROSSERJ Ex-'oy

A T H L E T I C C O M M I T T E E WILLIAM B. MILLIKEN, '93, Chairman EDWARD S. MCGLONE,- '23 FRED C . STEINHAUER, '99 JAMES H . S T E E L E , '00 RUSSELL H . V O L K , '26

I N S T R U C T I O N C O M M I T T E E BYRON B. BOATRIGHT, '22, Chairman JOHN J. CORY, '05 J. H A R L A N JOHNSON, '23 ROBERT F . M C E L V E N N Y , '03 G R A H A M R. MILLER, '24

N O M I N A T I N G C O M M I T T E E FRED C . CARSTARPHEN, '05, Chairman DONALD DYRENFORTH, '12 CHARLES A . SPICER, EX-'OJ

CAPABILITY E X C H A N G E C O M M I T T E E

FRANK C . BOWMAN, 'OI. Chairman JULIUS S. BRADFORD, 'IO, Fullerton,

Calif. EARL L . BILHEIMER, '22, Bonne Terre,

Missouri. JACK P. BONARDI, '21, New York City FRANK E . BRIBER, '16, Denver, Colo. W. V A L D E C A M P , '08, Jerome, Ariz. HERBERT M . FAY, '13, Butte, Mont. OSCAR REYNOLDS, EX-'O4, Salt Lake ^ City, Utah GEORGE P. ROBINSON, '04, Monterrey,

Mexico FRED C . SEALEY, '17, Houston, Texas L Y N N W . STORM, '02, Austin, Texas HOWARD G . WASHBURN, '04, Wallace,

Idaho

J U N E , 1930 No. 6

Published every month in the year by the Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Golden, Colorado. Address all correspond­ence, including, checks, drafts, and. money orders, to C. Lorimer Colburn, Secretary, Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association, C. A . Johnson Building, 509 Seventeenth Street. Denver, Colorado.

S T A F F

C . H . C . BRADEN

J . H A R L A N JOHNSON, '23

Editor

Contributing Editor

L O C A L SECTION CORRESPONDENTS

JAMES W . BALDWIN, '21

COURTNAY BALLAGH, '10

E. E. T H U M , '06

Oklahoma Section

Southern California

New York Section

CONTENTS

Editorial and Comment

Foundation Page

The Man Who Spoke to the Seniors at Commencement- 12

The Mineral Industry and the Young Engineer—1930 Commencement Address

Mines Confers Honorary Degrees —

Dr. Paul Meyer is Made an Honorary Alumnus

Alum.ni Enjoy Annual Banquet

Seniors Report Interesting Trips

13

16

17

18

23

Scenes of Camp Life at Fort Logan

Principles of Hydrometallurgy and Electrodeposition of the Metals—IV. Chapter on Leaching

Notes on African Copper Deposits and Development Plans 25

Colorado and Its School of Mines—Part IK—The First School Year

Athletics

Alumni Letters

News from the Chapters .

Personal Notes

Births

Engagements and Weddings

New Department of Mechanics

With Our Advertisers

Considerations in Belt Buying

28

— 31

— 32

— 33

34

- 35

- 35

36

38

-- 39

L O C A L SECTIONS

C O L O R A D O — Chas. O. Parker, President, J. E. Norman, Secretary.

G R E A T LAKES — A . L Lynne, President, 100 North La Salle St., Chicago. Morton Frank, Secretary, 4538 Drexel Ave., Chicago.

H O U S T O N —Albert G. Wolf, President, Houston, Texas. Vernon M . Peck, Secretary, 508 Willard St., Houston, Texas.

L E A D BELT—B. L. Bilheimer, '22, President, Rivermines, Mo. C. D. Frobes, '24, Secretary, Rivermines, Mo.

M O N T A N A — A . S. Richardson, President, 1238 West Granite Street, Butte, Montana. C. E. Calvert, Secretary-Treasurer, 1008 W e s t Prophyry Street, Butte, Montana.

M O N T E R R E Y —Fidel C. Martinez, '13, President, Aptd. 347, Monterrey, N . L., Mexico; Pablo M . Sada, '29, Secretary-Treasurer, Aptd. loi, Mon­terrey, N . L., Mexico.

N E V A D A W H I T E PINE—Walter S. Larsh, President. W. F. Jones, Secretary.

N E W YORK—Harry J. Wolf, Presi-dent, 42 Broadway, New York City, Frank A . Downes, Secretary, 247 Park Avenue, New York City.

ROCK SPRINGS—James L. Libby, President, J. B. Edgeworth, Sec­retary, Rock Springs, Wyoming.

S A N FRANCISCO—Clyde M . Eye, President and Secretary, 1x07 Ho-bart Building.

S O U T H E R N CALIFORNIA—Ward Blackburn, President, 1460 E. 4th Street, Los Angeles. William F. Dugan, Secretary, 416 West 8th Street, Los Angeles, Calif.

OKLAHOMA—Cleveland O. Moss, '02, President, 424 So. Cheyenne St., Tulsa. William M . Gebo, '23, Secretary-Treasurer, 1630 So. Utica St., Tulsa.

U T A H — W . F. Koch, President, 573 East Second South Street, Salt Lake City. Otto Herres, Secretary, United States Fuel Co., Box 1699, Salt Lake City.

W E S T E R N P E N N S Y L V A N I A -Pierce E. Barker, Secretary, 527 So. Braddock St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

W Y O M I N G — D u d l e y L. Rankin, President, Midwest Refining Co., Midwest, Wyoming. E. W. Ginet, Secretary, 139 N . Grant St., Casper, Wyoming.

Paae Nine

JUNE 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magax.ine

Engineering Summer School

TH E Colorado School of Mines summer session has come to be known as the "Engineering Sum­

mer School of the AVest." The seventh session will begin June 30, and more than two hundred are ex­pected to register.

Alumni, you can do a great deal in helping to build the "Engineering Summer School of the AVest." If you know of a young man who wants to take a technical course during the summer, you should tell him about the summer courses at Mines.

Summer school bulletins have been mailed to the graduates. The School wants to keep the Alumni informed about developments. This bulletin give an idea of the extent and nature of the summer courses. AA^ien it is read, see to it that it is passed along to some young man who may be interested.

There are sound reasons for conducting a summer school at A'lines. Buildings and grounds must be maintained whether used or not. It is better to use them than to let them be idle. The summer session pays its own expenses.

And again, many promising summer students choose to attend the regular sessions raising the quality of the School's product. The location and climate are conducive to study and good health, and the School profits by having men come to Golden in the summer to study and enjoy the scenery and fresh air. These men are bound to tell something agreeable about Golden and the Colorado School of Mines after a summer here.

Prospector to Local Sections

A C O P Y of the new 1930 Prospector has just been mailed to each of the Alumni sections.

Mines men will find this a most complete volume, handsomely bound in the School's Blue and AVhite.

The book is an excellent piece of editorial engi­neering and includes sections on administration, classes, athletics, features, activities, organization and, a new departure in Prospector policy—a Pan­oramic division featuring views from the rest of the U . S.

This Prospector is dedicated to Irving A . Palmer, Professor of Metallurgy.

Members of each Local Section are urged to look over the volume which has been mailed to the Secre­tary of the Section.

Industry and Research

MA N Y colleges all over the country are provid­ing facilities for research work to assist in

solving- the problems of industry. Mellon Institute of the University of Pittsburg is an outstanding example. Few western colleges have attempted to excel in this.

AA hen the research of any school attracts the at­tention of a particular industr)', that industry will provide fellowships at such an institution for mem­bers of their staff.

Two fellowships from foreign funds have been granted to men who will do research work at the Colorado School of Mines during the coming year. The School must attract more Fellows in the future.

The equipment at the School of Mines is excellent for research pertaining to the mineral industries. The technical library at Mines is the best of its kind, and it has volumes on mining, geology, and metal­lurgy that can not be found elsewhere.

That which is needed most at this time is a work­ing fund to give impetus to research at Mines. The Alumni could provide such a fund through its Foun­dation Plan. The machinery is ready; why not put it in motion?

Eight Points

IN a recent number of the American Magazine ap­pears a list of points which mark the educated

man. These seem applicable to the engineer. Here they are: He keeps his mind open on every question until the

evidence is all in. He listens to the man who knows. He never laughs at new ideas. He cross-examines his day-dreams. He knows his strong point and plays it. He knows the value of good habits and how to form

them. He knows when not to think and when to call in the

expert to think for him. You can't sell him magic.

George F. Cooper ? If anyone knows George F. Cooper who

was in Tampico, Mexico in 1917, would he please communicate with C. Lorimer Colburn, 511 C. A . Johnson Bldg., Denver.

Page Ten

The Colorado School of Mines Magax^ine JUNE 1930

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

DR. M , F . COOLBAUGH President. Colorado School

of Mines. DR. WILLIAM H . SMILEY

Supt. Emeritus Denver Public Schools.

M A X W . B A L L , '08

C o n s u l t i n g Petroleum Geologist, Denver, Colo.

JESSE F . M C D O N A L D , '05 President, C a r b o n a t e

A m e r i c a n National Bank, Leadville, Colo.

WILLIAM D._ WALTMAN, ;99 V.-Pres., Franco-Wyoming

Oil Co., S S l - S t h Ave., New York, N . Y.

COLORADO^ SCHOOL o/ MINES

FOUNDATION Established by the Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association, M a y 17, 1928.

The Purpose of the Foun­dation is to advance the engineering p r o f e s s i o n through the Colorado School of Mines; to provide a regu­lar channel through which gifts, bequests and other donations may be made available; make possible the employment of the best teachers, the production of the best research and the provision for more adequate buildings and eauioment.

What Others are Doing n p H E Drake Alumnus, published by the alumni associa-X tion of Drake University, carried a ful l page adver­

tisement in the May edition with this heading; "Others Can—-Drake Can."

The subject of this page advertisement was the 1930 Alumni Fund. It wi l l be interesting to quote here from this page, for it wi l l show that the Colorado School of Mines Alumni are not undertaking a task which is un­popular and impossible. We quote;

"In 1922 we undertook to place Drake in line with practically all the alumni groups in America by the or­ganization of T H E A L U M N I F U N D . It was explained at great length that the idea provided for an annual gift, of whatever size the giver wished to make, to the Univer-sitjr—the sum thus secured to be used wherever it seems "best in support of the institution.

"We characterized the idea as 'a Living Endowment' and the phrase has taken hold throughout the country, several other alumni offices having employed it since that time.

"About four hundred people responded to the first call. Then came a campaign and the Alumni Fund was set aside. A group insurance plan was tried with limited suc­cess. We returned to an attempt to popularize the idea but each time some other special campaign has appeared and the Alumni Fund has suffered.

"However, thousands of dollars have been given by .alumni. At one time $7,000 was applied on the new organ in the auditorium and the organ was to be known as the Alumni Memorial organ with possibly a name-plate so designating it.

"Each 5'ear whatever monies have been sent in have gone automatically to apply on the annual- deficit. Not a cent has ever been wasted. Every dollar remitted has gone •directly to the place where it would do the most good.

"AVe want to see the Alumni Fund idea take hold at Drake and have everybody really for it. We challenge •our alumni to try to understand it. It doesn't seem hard, really.

"Here is a hard important fact; Ajter attempting var­ious means of alumni financial support, practically every institution in America lias now officially adopted this idea .and is working it exclusively, consistently.

"As this is written, Cornell University at Ithaca is en­gaged in an attempt to get a larger percentage of its alumni to contribute to the fund this year than Yale. Yale, heretofore, has held the record. It is a bloodless battle on the field of loyalty being fought with dollars.

" A l l right. Using the same idea last fall Grinnell raised a huge sum for the support of the College. The short, snappy drive was made just before Christmas time and was known as the Grinnell Candle-lighting. Every gift lighted a candle. Candles were lighted all over the world."

A R E V O L V I N G R E S E A R C H F U N D

Many industries have endowed research schools in East­ern colleges and eventually this wi l l occur in the West. Of course, that college prepared to demonstrate its superior fitness wi l l be selected as the research school for the in­dustry.

The Colorado School of Mines is an institution with an international reputation, and there is no reason why this School could not definitely take the lead in research in the mineral industries field. Once the School of Mines proves conclusively to the industry that it is the logical institution in the West for endowed research, much finan­cial assistance from this source may be expected.

Here is what Georgia Tech alumni are doing in order to attract industries to the research being conducted at their Alma Mater. The Tech Alumnus had the follow­ing to say in the last issue;

"Tech is well known and well advertised all over the country, and if it can show a record of creditable work done, the institution should be in a favorable position.

"In the early part of Februarj', a small group of alumni organized themselves into a body to undertake the estab­lishment of a revolving fund for research at Georgia Tech and a minimum budget of $2,000.00 was set as the basis for the small but urgent goal; although more could be used effectively.

"The Alumni Association believes that when all the benefits of this work become apparent it can secure increases to the fund so that perhaps $5,000.00 wi l l be available for the next department."

Most of this fund is to be used in solving problems con­fronting the textile industry.

Page Eleven

JUNE 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in^

The Man Who Spoke to the Seniors at Commencement By C. H . C. B R A D E N

Director Scott Turner of the United States Bureau of Mines, has had one of the most varied careers ever credited to a mining engineer. Noted as the engineers of the min­eral industries are for migratory predilections, many of them seem almost like home loving, retired business men after hearing an account of M r . Turner's career.

He has worked for twentj'-one different companies; and his work has carried him into every important mining State in the Union, into various countries of South America and Europe, and to Alaska, Canada and Panama; and his experience in Spitzbergen is a story in itself. Not only has he been engaged in mining activities in practically every nook and corner throughout the world, but he has mined coal, tin and all of the common metals, which is a record for diversification in itself.

Such a wide range of experience is proof that Director Turner is en­dowed with the ability to meet many situations and solve the various prob­lems involved. Possibly it was this one characteristic more than any other which, in 1925, induced a com­mittee from the mineral industries to choose him unanimously from a field of twenty prominent engineers as the man to direct the United States Bureau of Mines. This committee, selected by Herbert Hoover, then Secretary of Commerce, consisted of representatives of the American M i n ­ing Congress, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, National Coal Association, American Petroleum Institute and the United Mine Workers of America. T o have had his name approved unanimously bj' so representative a group, is an ex­pression of confidence implying great honor. Scott Turner has proved him­self worthy of this confidence, and under him the Bureau of Mines has ^ has made splendid progress.

Like every other graduate mining engineer, M r . Turner encountered uncertain daj's following his graduation from the Michigan College of Mines in 1904. A n interesting story is told of him: He found himself out of school without a job, and so, it is said, he used his ready cash to buy a railroad ticket, which landed him in Tombstone, Arizona. Here he held jobs as miner and millman—^jobs that often seem to the young graduate engineer too lowly to accept. It was an humble beginning of a long and successful career which, as has been said, led him to all parts of the world.

The following j'ears brought to M r . Turner much of the same sort of experiences that come to the young mining graduates today during their first j'ears out of school. He went from one district to another, to Panama and then to Alaska. At last he had won recognition, and in 1911 began a series of travels which eventually led him to Spitzbergen in "No Man's Land", just 700 miles from

a short biography the north pole. And here, perhaps, is the most interesting chapter in the storj' of Director Turner's life.

The Longj'ear interests of Boston sent M r . Turner to this frigid field as manager of the Arctic Coal Company. Spitzbergen was then the possession of no countrj', having since become the property of Norway. The story goes that Turner, the manager of the Arctic Coal Company not only took charge of mining operations in this frozen terri­tory, but he also passed what laws there were. He was judge and jury, prosecuting attorney and counsel for the defense whenever one of his laws were violated.

Since Spitzbergen had no govern­ment, Turner hoisted the American flag and took possession in the name of the United States. It is even re­lated that when it became necessary to give a semblance of legality to papers of state, he stamped them with the great seal of Michigan, borrowed for this purpose. Six hundred square miles of territory were thus governed as a mere incident to the Longyear's mining operations.

M r . Turner is a survivor of the Lusitania which was torpedoed by German submarines, an incident which eventually led to the entry of this country into the War. When the United States did declare war, Scott Turner served as an officer in the navy. After peace came he went to South America; then he'became a consulting engineer for the Bureau of Mines and later, consulting engineer for the Mining Corporation of Canada.

Director Turner is an energetic, pioneering tj'pe of American. He is a great lover of the outdoors, and has

spent many pleasant hours fishing the streams and lakes, and tramping with gun through the big timber in northern Canada. He has a lodge on Caugnewana lake in an isolated section of the Province of Quebec, and here he returns for a fresh taste of the hardy life whenever he finds it possible to do so.

It must be punishment indeed to chain to a desk at Washington a man who has been so active in the field and whose love for the rugged outdoor life is so great. Yet, this is only one of the many sacrifices which all men of ability must make when they are called into public service. Such men are imbued with the desire to contribute every portion of their expert knowledge to the task of enhancing the common welfare of the nation; and, other than the honor and recognition which their selection for high office implies, and the satisfaction they get out of serving, there is little reward for them.

Page Twelve

The Colorado School of Mines Ma gax_in e JUNE 1930

The Mineral Industry and the Young Engmeer

1950 commencement address By SCOTT T U R N E R

WE are here today to witness the graduation of 63 young men as Engineers in the mineral industries.

It is an important occasion, and one in which the public takes a keen interest, since this school has long been famous for the educational facilities it affords j'oung men, and for the high professional standing of its graduates.

^ It is fitting that once each j'ear we should pause to re­view the path the student has traveled, and to reflect upon the perspective opening before him as an engineer.

I was invited to come from Washington to take part in this ceremony and to say something to these young gradu­ates. In searching for a theme, it occurred to me that perhaps my best contribution would be to discuss certain beliefs as to college training, deal with the situation in which the j'oung engineer finds himself on graduation, touch on the new ideas of the social and political responsi­bilities of the engineer, and point out what he may expect to^ find in practice, and, above all, what he must do to orient himself properly in the mining profession and main­tain the best traditions of our brotherhood.

First, let me voice my appreciation of the place in which we are met. We are gathered on the campus of one of the oldest, largest and best mining schools in America. No lovelier spot could have been chosen on which to build an institution of this sort. In addition to the phj'sical advantages the town of Golden offers, this school is in a commonwealth which is one of the greatest mining States in the Union.

Let us briefly review Colorado's mineral production. Within the past decade, she has frequently led all other states in the annual output of tungsten, molj'bdenum, uranium and vanadium ores. In 1900 alone, Colorado produced gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc valued at over $50,614,000. In 1928, the last year for which we have complete figures, Colorado j'ielded mineral products worth $58,595,000 and ranked fourth among all the States in the production of gold, fifth in lead, sixth in zinc and silver, ninth in coal, tenth in copper, and twentieth in the aggre­gate value of all such commodities. During the decade 1919-1928 Colorado is credited with mineral products valued, at about $614,000,000 and in the 20 years, 1909-1928, her output was valued at $1,247,000,000. We have searched the records covering her yield of metal, coal and oil and find that up to and including 1928, this glorious State produced approximately 78,595,000 ounces of gold; 649,152,000 ounces of silver; 143,000 tons of copper; 2,250,000_tons of lead; 1,033,000 tons of zinc; 330,587,000 tons of bituminous coal and 3,210,000 short tons of oil. Adding together the estimated value of the five metals, we get a total of $1,625,000,000; for coal, a total of $650,-000,000; and for oil, $25,000,000, making a grand total of $2,300,000,000, an astounding achievement and one of which j'ou may all be proud.

The record of any school is the record of its graduates. If you wish to ascertain truly the standing of this school, and to realize the reputation and accomplishments of its alumni, j'ou should travel far and wide, in this and in

other lands, over deserts and to the tops of high mountains, and from the tropics to the frozen North. In no other way could you learn the fu l l meaning of what Sons of C. S. M . have done in engineering, and what they have contributed to the advancement of a great profession. I have been privileged to meet them on many trails, and I know their high standing in the mining world.

While many factors doubtless contributed to the success of these engineers, still I feel sure that in a large measure it has been due to the high order of training given by inspiring teachers, and to the whole-hearted cooperation of the people of a State famous for its support to mining. If time permitted, I might mention many of these famous alumni, and their names would call to j'our minds scores of others equally illustrious. Let me particularly pay tribute to the hundreds of earnest, able and sturdy alumni of Golden whose names may never appear in any hall of fame, but who are quietlj', efficientlj', and conscientiously going about their daily tasks. You wil l find them in mines, mills and smelters throughout the world. Although, in the eyes of the many, their individual reputations may be small, yet they are honored by those who know them, and in the aggregate they should be the pride of their school and State. I feel certain that the engineers of the Class of 1930 wi l l prove worthy of their Alma Mater, and wi l l maintain the high standard of work expected from men of Golden.

Now let us review your college daj's and see what they have done for you. I am told there are still many tempta­tions in college. / knoiu there used to he. Rest assured the same holds true in the professional life ahead of j'ou. The main difference is, perhaps, that j'our greatest temptations in college were those offered by your teachers, who tried to entice you into realms of harder work, closer application, increased concentration, clearer thinking and better under­standing, by animating j'our curiosity and increasing your powers of reasoning and of observation. In other words, here you have carefully and systematically been decoyed toward finer and loftier things. Do not expect that similar helpful influences wi l l greet j'ou on every side in j'our professional life. Often quite the contrary is the case.

You should have high moral qualities in college; charac­ter J'OU must have if j'ou are to become an outstanding engineer. As j'ou left your homes to come to college, j'our adjustability was taxed and j'ou sensed a greater independ­ence than ever before; then j'ou needed to be on j'our guard. In many waj's, after graduation your power of adjustment is still further put to the test and j'ou experience a still greater release from restraint. Now not only j'our personal life, but also that new and priceless possession, your professional reputation, must be cherished. Be doubly on your guard from this time on! Make no snap judg­ments, as to right and wrong.

T r y to cJiange your point of vieiu quickly, and adapt j'ourself to j'our new conditions. Before graduation, you received kindly suggestions from j'our teachers; you could complete work at j'our leisure or leave it incomplete; j'ou could alternate excellent work with poor work, as the mood struck you. You could loaf and rest for a few daj's and later apply j'ourself to j'our studies; j'our instructors would help J'OU a great deal if j'ou wished it, and patiently and repeatedly explain things. Initiative was not re­quired; J'OU could work by and for j'ourself, in as in­dividualistic a manner as j'ou chose.

Now suddenly, on your first job, you probably must exe­cute sharp orders without asking too many questions; j'ou must uniformly do neat and accurate work at a high rate

JUNE 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine

of speed, whether you feel like it or not; j'ou wi l l be ex­pected to apply yourself vigorously, with no let-ups; you must go ahead and do your job entirely on your own; j'our value to j'our employer wi l l be in part what j'ou do under orders, and in part what new and improved methods and devices you can suggest. You must work cooperatively, and for the good of an organization.

Obviously, as outlined above, the two points of view are quite different, but the young engineer must quickly adapt himself to the change. Hence I say, adjust yourself to the new order of things with as little friction or delay as pos­sible.

Study carefully the requirements of 5'our chosen pro­fession. Whenever feasible, make contacts with the leaders in your line; familiarize yourself with their biographies; reviewing their experiences may comfort you when you feel that your apprenticeship is difficult and 5'our progress is slow. You must learn to estimate men, the meaning of personality, the strength and weakness of the individual with whom you come in contact, his purposes and motives, his ambitions and what he has accomplished, if 5'ou are to become an outstanding engineer.

Probably you all feel regrets at leaving college. You doubtless dread the separation from your friends. Many people like to think that college friendships are the best. I believe this mj'self; I know how fine and lasting they are. Such friendships, beginning at an impressionable age when 5'outh, exuberance, vitality and the joy of living are coupled with lack of responsibilities and selfish aims, seem to be apart from all others. But do not be misled into believing that no new and precious friendships lie ahead of you. They are of a different kind, and depend largely upon effort, work, and accomplishment. The mining en­gineer is particularly fortunate in this regard. He is most apt to undertake difficult jobs in isolated or dangerous localities, where the technical staff may be small and the demands made on it ma)' be heavy. Here the value of team work soon becomes apparent; co-operative effort, even though it is not successful, so long as it is honest, earnest and patiently and hopefully sustained, leads surely to friend­ship.

We know that nothing throws people together liice the unusual; unity may come at once from common task or mutual danger. A ship may be crowded with stand-offish passengers who have journeyed together for days, perhaps, without speaking to each other; let something unexpected or startling occur and at once the passengers chat and visit and proceed to develop friendships. People living in the same block may in the course of years never have spoken to each other; let a fire, or earthquake, or some other com­mon danger menace them, and at once they react in a friendly manner. Whenever a common cause makes com­bined exertion necessary, there we find the beginnings of friendships. What man is more apt to be called on to cooperate in difficult enterprises than the mining engineer? Who is more often asked to meet the unexpected, combat peril, and accomplish the difficult ? Fighting against a man may lead to mutual admiration and respect, but I think the scars of battle still remain. Fighting side by side witit a fellow-engineer, for a worthy purpose, even though 5'ou lose, leads to enduring friendship.

The first and inflexible rule you must now adopt is: Always keep fit. Good liealtli is j'our primary requirement. When opportunity comes, you must be ready for any job in any climate or altitude. If you are sent abroad into a difficult region, you cannot afford to start in poor health. Even though you are employed near by in your own

country, do not handicap yourself with the irritability and pessimism that come from i l l health and disease.

The finest single byword you can follow as an engineer, is the same that you followed as a student, that is, loyalty. Up to now it has been loyalty to 5'our athletic team, your fraternity, and your college; from now on it wi l l be loyalty to your profession, to your employer, and to the engineering group of which 5'ou may be a part.

Not so many 5'ears ago, business was conducted on a pitilessly competitive basis. The old notion of smart busi­ness was a deal in which one man got the better of another. The new idea is a transaction which is beneficial to both parties. The recent order in engineering is cooperation. I need not elaborate on this point, since 5'ou see cooperative business on every side. Recognize early in 5'our profes­sional life the necessity of harmonious action. Join the technical societies or institutes most closel5' identified with 5'our work. Exchange personal knowledge and experience, by writing technical articles and taking part in scientific discussions.

You wi l l note I have said: TV rite technical articles. I earnestly advise it. Do not be ashamed to begin. The 5'oung engineer often feels he is not competent to write. T r y it. The only way to learn to write, is to write. You wi l l be astonished at how quickly 5'ou improve. It has been demonstrated that the surest way to learn everything con­cerning a subject is to write about it. Putting your ideas or experiences in writing tends to cr5'stallize and clarify them. Before 5'ou can write clearly, you must think clear­ly. You hear much nowadays of the glories of self-e.xpression. I urge 5'ou to appl5' this to 5'our technical experiences.

I know a number of cases where technical writing has brought a 5'oung engineer to the attention of important emplo5'ers, and led to engagements which profoundly in­fluenced his ultimate success. Diffidence in this regard is inexcusable; share with your fellow-engineers your thought, knowledge, and experience. Help them at the same time 5'ou help 5'ourself. The best recent example I know, in this matter of willingness to write and give to others de­tailed engineering knowledge and experience, is shown in the fine willingness and cooperation now being displa5'ed by the leading engineers of this country by preparing, for publication through the United States Bureau of Mines, scores of papers on mining and milling methods and costs. I recommend to 5'ou the helpful spirit which made possible the production of these papers.

On graduation, do not scorn the lowly job. Be content at first to work constructively at the bottom of the ladder; in due time, you wil l work upward. Later on, a few of you may find 5'ourselves at the top, whence all others wi l l want to pull you down. Probably you wil l find more satisfaction in working on some engineering project or mining development which is incomplete or unsuccessful, and helping to finish it or pull it out of the hole, than you wil l in merely joining the staff of a well-established and successful venture of long standing. The former is pioneer­ing; it appeals to the creative instinct so strong in us, and offers romance and adventure. The latter means only becoming a small cog in a well-oiled and smooth-running machine. I strongly urge 5'ou, either individually or in groups, to give 5'our creative faculties a chance while 5'ou are still 5'oung. This does not necessarily mean to under­take exploration or development work in foreign lands, or hazardous adventures, but it may mean to assist in making successes of new or doubtful enterprises, whereby 5'ou may feel the keen thrill of winning against odds. Play the hard

Pafip. Fourteen

The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine JUNE 1930

games in your youth; treat obstacles as summonses to fight; defy obstructions, and do not let impediments turn you aside.

When I graduated from mining school, more than 25 years ago, it was diflicult to find a job. As I recollect it, only three men out of my class of 44 got track of jobs through the school. The other 41, many of them with slender financial resources, and with very small acquaintance with mining men, were turned loose on an unfeeling world already overcrowded with engineers. Common labor was the only work open to many, and often they had to travel hundreds of miles to get that. Only the more determined men continued the struggle. Perhaps starting at the very bottom and taking some hard knocks was good training and developed manual skill and self reliance. Undoubtedly one learned to measure a day's work and to understand the viewpoint of the unskilled laborer, the miner or the mill-man. However, when lowly jobs are too long continued, an economic waste is undoubtedly involved. I am sure I push­ed a mine car, swung a shovel, and pounded a drill, long after I had mastered their use. By reading and listening to discussions about emplo5'ment for graduates, I learn that all this is now changed, and that the demand for young engineers often exceeds the supply. This is an admirable improvement, provided the recent graduates can stand prosperity of this kind, without acquiring a cocksureness, an exaggerated sense of their own importance, and a pre­dilection for white-collar jobs which may in the long run militate against their usefulness.

Likewise, three decades 'ago, much time was lost when it became necessary or advisable to seek a new job. Days, weeks, or even months of "rustling", unprofitable days spent calling on mining men or visiting oflSces in various camps and cities, were considered inevitable and a necessary penalty for practicing the profession of mining engineering. Now, when the world has generally come to recognize that irregular emplo5'ment is the worst and most universal of all industrial evils, I am pleased to learn that, through better organization for placing technical men and improved employment facilities in the colleges and societies, and through quicker communication and exchange of emplo)'-ment news, the economic waste attendant on professional idleness is being eliminated.

When inaction is compulsory, put in the time you can spare from soliciting employment, or use the periods when you are waiting for a decision from prospective employers, in^ broadening 5'our professional acquaintance, in visiting mines and plants, in attending meetings and conventions, in taking part in engineering discussions and in writing technical papers. Thus what might otherwise be lost time may actually be turned to ultimate advantage.

I am told that colleges are now in close and constant contact with industry; I used to feel that they were not, and that the technical schools kept a certain aloofness, pa5'-ing little heed to its rapid progress, constant change, and real needs. Nevertheless, as I have before suggested, the recent graduate is apt to find the leisurely pace of college too slow for industry. The speed, initiative, accuracy, snap, and drive required of him in business are new to him, and while the habit of work may have been formed during the college course, still it was not the sustained and exact­ing work required of the practicing engineer. During the college year, the student could generally set his own pace. Things did not change much; no new conditions had to be met suddenly; emergencies were rare. On the other hand, methods and practices in the commercial world often must be changed so rapidly, to keep abreast of industrial com­

petition, that hard, accurate thinking and quick decisions under pressure are required. From loitering theory to rapid practice is a sudden change for the 5'oung engineer, but again I must remind 5'ou that he must speed his pace and never be content to lag behind.

In industr)', profit is frequently a small difference be­tween incotne and outgo; early training in maintaining a proper balance between the two wil l help 5'ou toward commercial leadership. The mental habits of 5'outh are likely to be alwaj's with you. You are fortunate if the proper meaning and use of money were taught 5'ou during undergraduate da5'S. I hope that it is already instinctive with you to keep track of and anal5'ze your personal re­ceipts and expenditures. In practice, 5'ou wi l l need to apply such a faculty before 5'ou can properl5' manage a mine. Have pride in 5'our financial efiicienc}', and when 5'ou spend mone5', get a commensurate return for it. The engineer judged to be successful may be the engineer who knows how to make a little go a long way, who knows how to get his money's worth. The engineer-student who has had but moderate means or opportunities, but who has accom­plished much, has had fine training for future mine opera­tion. No matter what certain successful automobile manu­facturers or victorious politician economists tell 5'ou, dis­regard advice to keep on spending; instead, adopt the seasoned faith as to the need for saving, and never spend all that 5'ou make.

A t various times during his career, every engineer is re­quired to pause at cross-trails and decide which course to take. Obviously this decision wi l l directly affect his future professional career. For instance, I remember a Friday in London many 5'ears ago when I carried in m5' pocket three proposals, with the following Monday set as the final day of decision. One job would take me to a copper mine in the high Andes in the Argentine republic; one M'ould lead me to alluvial gold workings in Eastern Siberia; and the third necessitated going to coal mines 700 miles from the North Pole. On my decision rested the future trend of my professional work. Most of you wi l l find 5'ourselves in similar predicaments. How are 5'ou going to decide? I know this question wil l puzzle 5'ou, but remem­ber there are only two methods of approach; Study the facts, and ask others for advice. I need not here elaborate on these points. Your final decision must be made alone, perhaps almost involuntarily, and wil l always involve the element of chance. Anal5'ze all available information, in­terview your hardest-headed friends, take wise counsel; then decide quickl5'| and make up 5'our mind never to re­gret the choice.

Let us turn back to the question of college courses and consider the possible bearing of early training on the much-discussed problem of the engineer as a citizen. It has been considered that the training of an engineer is too often vocational training; that it is a pity all engineers cannot have had a period of liberal training before taking up pure engineering. Offhand, the so-called liberal courses should bring more ready adaptability to deal with the unexpected, to face with assurance situations which have had no parallel in one's experience, and to move without hesitation under conditions which were heretofore unknown to one, than the specialized course in mining engineering.

We hear increasing talk as to the necessity of making the engineer articulate, and bringing him into public life. The social implications and responsibilities of engineering are pointed out, as of equal importance with the prodigious marvels of engineering ingenuity. You often read of this as the logical result of the increasing consciousness of the

JUNE 1930 The Colorado School of Mine s. M.a gax.int

engineer as to his relative position in our modern industrial civilization.

Some wag has noted that man is the noblest work of God, but that man is the only one who has said so. Per­haps engineers are the only claimants as to the necessity of their going in for public life and service; at any rate, some liberal educators still maintain that a well-rounded general education is the better training.

While the engineer may have contributed to the new social and economic order, in addition to having materially bettered his professional technique, let us not go bej'ond the bounds of reason in estimating our importance in public life. The keenest engineer, when elected to public office, may have to subordinate many of his professional ideals, put aside and forget various of his engineering habits, and adjust himself to the new job so completely that we might see in him few of the characteristics of the profes­sional engineer. In fact, to do his job, he must become something of a conventional public man. He may face the necessitj' of substituting compromise and broad adjustment for the rigid rules of straight engineering. Expediency may have to be his new watchword, rather than accuracy and engineering truth. T o me, the prosperous engineer who relinquishes his profession and becomes a successful public administrator, demonstrates his adaptability and general competence rather than his technical skill. His engineering education and experience may have fitted him for his new field of activity, but let us be a little cautious in insisting that engineering principles and ideals are being rapidly introduced into public life. Why not simply stick to it that a liberal education, plus an engineering course, makes for the most adaptable and useful citizen? We can still with reason claim that the introduction of more en­gineering into government is good.

A Member of the Congress of the United States re­cently listened to my complaint as to the difficulty of placing facts before a Congressional Committee. He said that the trouble with engineers is they think everything should be judged, and legislation should be passed, solely on the basis of engineering fact. Actually, he said, the Congress may properly be more interested in what the people want than in the facts. Often the two are wide apart, and in such cases, facts alone ma)' not govern legisla­tion. This man put into words what I had noted but had not understood—^that science, which deals with facts, must sometimes be disregarded for whafv is pleasing, for what is desirable, and for what is popular. Thus legislative action might be based more on knowledge of public senti­ment, than on facts and their interpretation.

I believe it behooves the engineer, individually and through his technical organizations, to come forward when facts are needed, and thus assist in protecting the legislator and the public from the passage of unwise measures. Of course the engineer is exercising more and more influence in the choice of competent men for public office—^but let us not delude ourselves by thinking that in matters of State, political processes are rapidly giving way to engi-7ieering tnethods.

The mining engineer is perhaps freer than any other engineer from the charge of having created many serious social problems by the introduction of new devices. In the mines, improvements in practice resulting in increased tonnage have often been accomplished by exercising in­genuity in taking advantage of natural conditions. How­ever, the present rapid trend toward mechanization, par-

(Continued on page 37)

Honorary Degrees Conferred

R I C H A R D A . P A R K E R

Three honorary degrees were conferred at the 1930 Commencement exercises. The Doctor of Science de­gree was given to Scott Turner, Director of the Bureau of M i n e s ; to Richard A . Parker, Denver Mining Engineer, and to Charles W . Henderson of the Denver office of the Bureau of M i n e s . A biography of D i r e c t o r Turner appears elsewhere in this issue.

Richard A . Parker has been^ active in promoting engineering education in this country for many years. He is a graduate of the University of Columbia

and is president of the Colorado section of the Columbia Alumni Association.

M r . Parker's career as a mining engineer dates from 1878 when he became a surveyor in the state of Colorado. A t one time he was president of the Zinc Lead and Smelt­ing Company and a director of the U . S. Coal and O i l Company. It was a result of his advice that the United States Smelting, Refining and Mining Company bought properties which gave this great corporation its start.

Richard A . Parker has been chairman of the Mining Bureau, Denver Civic and Commercial Association, for three years. He is a member of the Mi le High Club, the Colorado Scientific Society and various associations of engineers. He is one of the directors of the Denver Ar t Association.

Charles W . Henderson has been a resident of Denver since 1908 when he was placed in charge of the United States Geological Survey. In 1925 M r . Henderson was made head of the Denver office, economic bureau, of the United States Bureau of Mines, a position which he still holds.

A most noteworthy service which M r . Henderson has rendered this State is his activity in promoting the coopera­tive geological survey of Colorado, which is being undertaken by the United States Geological Survey in conjunction with the Colorado Geological Sur­vey.

M r . Henderson is the author of the "History of Mining in Colorado." He has Written many articles for the technical press and volumes of reports for Gov­ernment departments. He is a member of the Ameri­can Association of Petrole­um Geologists, the Colo­rado Scientific S o c i e t y , Teknik Club of Denver, the A . I. M . E . and various other social and profes­sional organizations. C H A R L E S W . H E N D E R S O N

Page Sixteen

The Colorado School of Mines Magaz.ini JUNE 1930

Doctor Paul Meyer Has Been Made an T ^ H E second honorary membership in the Colorado

- i - School of Mines Alumni Association was conferred upon Dr . Paul Meyer at the Annual meeting of the Asso­ciation May 15. The membership was voted in response to a petition submitted by a group of Alumni who once were students of Doctor Mej'er.

Unable to attend the meeting because of illness which has confined Doctor Meyer to his bed for several weeks, he was compelled to accept the certificate of honorary mem­bership at his home in Golden. A reproduction of the certificate is shown here.

Doctor Meyer was professor of Mathematics at the Colorado School of Mines for seventeen years. He came to G o l d e n in 1883 and it is recorded that he arrived o n t h e campus the same day as Dr . Regis Chauvenet. The d i s t i n g u i s h e d former president of the Colorado School of Mines a n d D o c t o r Meyer met for the first time on the steps of the Chemistry build­ing, t h e n t h e principal edifice on the campus. Thus it can be said that these t w o men , so prominent in the history o f t h e S c h o o l , began their long and valuable service to Mines at the s a m e moment. This meeting was the beginning of a sincere friend­ship which en­dured until the

passing of President Chauvenet. Doctor Meyer not only served as professor of mathematics, but he worked hand in hand with President Chauvenet during the crucial formative period to build upon the first beginnings of the School of Mines an institution whose prestige has never since been doubted. T o the efforts of these two men. Regis Chauvenet and Paul Meyer, is due in great part the splen­did reputation of the Colorado School of Mines today.

The ability of Dr . Paul Meyer as a mathematician was appreciated by his contemporaries, and his mathematical contributions were given recognition throughout the world. The presence of Doctor Meyer on the School of Mines faculty brought much honor to the institution. It is recorded in President Chauvenet's Memoirs that "Profes-

Doctor Paul Meyer in His Office JVIiere He Diagnoses the Ills of His Patients Today.

Honorary Alumnus B

he is loved by all Mines men

sor Meyer filled the chair of mathematics with distinction until his retirement."

Doctor Meyer took up the practice of medicine in Golden in 1900, a profession which he follows actively today. In recognition of his long service to the School, the Board of Trustees made him Professor Emeritus of Mathematics in which capacity he has since served.

M i n e s men who were grad­uated between the years 1883 and 1900 cherish the memory of the association with Docter M e y e r ,

';'ftiS-fi^^^^^B^^^^^^^M and it was be-li^y^f^^^^^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^i c a u s e o f t h e

' d e e p friendship ' l i ; S I I^^^^^B^^^^^^^^^B held by t h e s e

men for revered Doctor that they sought honorary membership in the Association f o r him. Even today he is a tradition on the campus, and the students tell over and over again the stories about him which have been handed d o w n through the years.

T o sit in the D o c t o r's office and listen to his accounts of other days, is a rare privilege. H i s sense of humor is

keen, and he wi l l inject no end of it into every incident, which he describes so vividly. If he has the slightest inkling that one wishes to use what he says for publication, he wi l l object strenuously. He does not want the happenings of his life, which seem so simple to him, to be glorified.

Not all of the graduates and former students under Doctor Meyer were able to sign the petition for the grant­ing of this honorary membership. Many of them were far distant and could not place their names on the long list which completely filled three letter pages. Some of the old familiar names appearing on this list were: W . B. Mill iken, '93; E . P. Arthur, '95; Lewis B. Skinner, '95; W . H . Paul, '96; Henry C. Beeler, '96; J . E . Norman, '98; O. R. Whitaker, '98; Fred C. Steinhauer, '99; Fred Jones, '00.

Page Seventeen

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mi n e s. Ma gax.in e

engineer as to liis relative position in our modern industrial civilization.

Some wag has noted that man is the noblest work of God, but that man is the only one who has said so. Per­haps engineers are the only claimants as to the necessity of their going in for public life and service; at any rate, some liberal educators still maintain that a well-rounded general education is the better training.

While the engineer may have contributed to the new social and economic order, in addition to having materially bettered his professional technique, let us not go beyond the bounds of reason in estimating our importance in public life. The keenest engineer, when elected to public office, may have to subordinate many of his professional ideals, put aside and forget various of his engineering habits, and adjust himself to the new job so completely that we might see in him few of the characteristics of the profes­sional engineer. In fact, to do his job, he must become something of a conventional public man. He may face the necessity of substituting compromise and broad adjustment for the rigid rules of straight engineering. Expediency may have to be his new watchword, rather than accuracy and engineering truth. T o me, the prosperous engineer who relinquishes his profession and becomes a successful public administrator, demonstrates his adaptability and general competence rather than his technical skill. His engineering education and experience may have fitted him for his new field of activity, but let us be a little cautious in insisting that engineering principles and ideals are being rapidly introduced into public life. Why not simply stick to it that a liberal education, plus an engineering course, makes for the most adaptable and useful citizen? We can still with reason claim that the introduction of more en­gineering into government is good.

A Member of the Congress of the United States re­cently listened to mj' complaint as to the difficulty of placing facts before a Congressional Committee. He said that the trouble with engineers is they think everything should be judged, and legislation should be passed, solely on the basis of engineering fact. Actually, he said, the Congress may properly be more interested in what the people want than in the facts. Often the two are wide apart, and in such cases, facts alone may not govern legisla­tion. This man put into words what I had noted but had not understood—that science, which deals with facts, must sometimes be disregarded for what; is pleasing, for what is desirable, and for what is popular. Thus legislative action might be based more on knowledge of public senti­ment, than on facts and their interpretation.

I believe it behooves the engineer, individually and through his technical organizations, to come forward when facts are needed, and thus assist in protecting the legislator and the public from the passage of unwise measures. Of course the engineer is exercising more and more influence in the choice of competent men for public office—but let us not delude ourselves by thinking that in matters of State, political processes are rapidly giving way to engi­

neering metliods.

The mining engineer is perhaps freer than any other engineer from the charge of having created many serious social problems by the introduction of new devices. In the mines, improvements in practice resulting in increased tonnage have often been accomplished by exercising in­genuity in taking advantage of natural conditions. How­ever, the present rapid trend toward mechanization, par-

(Continued on page 37)

Honorary Degrees Conferred

..Tag 4 5 ^

1\ RICHARD A . PARKER

Three honorary degrees were conferred at the 1930 Commencement exercises. The Doctor of Science de­gree was given to Scott Turner, Director of the

•

* • "j Bureau of M i n e s ; to

* I Richard A . Parker, Denver * ™ Mining Engineer, and to

Charles W . Henderson of the Denver office of the Bureau of M i n e s . A biography of D i r e c t o r Turner appears elsewhere in this issue.

Richard A . Parker has been^ active in promoting engineering education in this country for many years. He is a graduate of the University of Columbia

and is president of the Colorado section of the Columbia Alumni Association.

M r . Parker's career as a mining engineer dates from 1878 when he became a surveyor in the state of Colorado. A t one time he was president of the Zinc Lead and Smelt­ing Company and a director of the U . S. Coal and O i l Company. It was a result of his advice that the United States Smelting, Refining and Mining Company bought properties which gave this great corporation its start.

Richard A . Parker has been chairman of the Mining Bureau, Denver Civic and Commercial Association, for three years. He is a member of the Mi le High Club, the Colorado Scientific Society and various associations of engineers. He is one of the directors of the Denver Ar t Association.

Charles W . Henderson has been a resident of Denver since 1908 when he was placed in charge of the United States Geological Survey. In 1925 M r . Henderson was made head of the Denver office, economic bureau, of the United States Bureau of Mines, a position which he still holds.

A most noteworthy service which M r . Henderson has rendered this State is his activity in promoting the coopera­tive geological survey of Colorado, which is being undertaken by the United States Geological Survey in conjunction with the Colorado Geological Sur­vey.

M r . Henderson is the author of the "History of Mining in Colorado." He has written many articles for the technical press and volumes of reports for Gov­ernment departments. He is a member of the Ameri­can Association of Petrole­um Geologists, the Colo­rado Scientific S o c i e t y , Teknik Club of Denver, the A . I. M . E . and various other social and profes­sional organizations.

CHARLES W . HENDERSON

Page Sixteen

The Colorado School of Mines Magazine J U N E 1930

Doctor Paul Meyer Has Been Made an

TH E second honorary membership in the Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association was conferred

upon Dr . Paul Meyer at the Annual meeting of the Asso­ciation May 15. The membership was voted in response to a petition submitted by a group of Alumni who once were students of Doctor Mej'er.

Unable to attend the meeting because of illness which has confined Doctor Meyer to his bed for several weeks, he Avas compelled to accept the certificate of honorary mem­bership at his home in Golden. A reproduction of the certificate is shown here.

Doctor Mej'er was professor of Mathematics at the Colorado School of Mines for seventeen years. He came to G o l d e n in 1883 and it is recorded that he arrived o n t h e campus the same day as Dr . Regis Chauvenet. The d i S t i n gu is bed former president of the Colorado School of Mines a n d D o c t o r Mej'er met for the first time on the steps of the ' * ' M Chemistry build­ing, t h e n t h e principal edifice on the campus. Thus it can be said that these t w o m e n , so prominent in the history o f t h e S c h o o l , began their long and valuable service to Mines at the s a m e moment. This meeting was the beginning of a sincere friend­ship which en­dured until the

passing of President Chauvenet. Doctor Meyer not only served as professor of mathematics, but he worked hand in hand with President Chauvenet during the crucial formative period to build upon the first beginnings of the School of Mines an institution whose prestige has never since been doubted. T o the efforts of these two men. Regis Chauvenet and Paul Meyer, is due in great part the splen­did reputation of the Colorado School of Mines today.

The ability of Dr . Paul Meyer as a mathematician was appreciated by his contemporaries, and his mathematical contributions were given recognition throughout the world. The presence of Doctor Meyer on the School of Mines faculty brought much honor to the institution. It is recorded in President Chauvenet's Memoirs that "Profes-

Doctor Paul Meyer in His Office JVhere He Diagnoses the Ills of His Patients Today.

Honorary Alumnus B

he IS loved b y all Mines men

sor Meyer filled the chair of mathematics with distinction until his retirement."

Doctor Mej'er took up the practice of medicine in Golden in 1900, a profession which he follows actively todaj'. In recognition of his long service to the School, the Board of Trustees made him Professor Emeritus of Mathematics in which capacity he has since served.

M i n e s men ^ who were grad­

uated between the years 1883 and 1900 cherish the memoiy of the association with Docter M e y e r, and it was be-

)y . f r ' f fJ iS^^^^^Bi ' ^^^^^^^^K c a u s e o f t h e d e e p friendship held by t h e s e men for revered Doctor that they sought honorary membership in the Association f o r him. Even today he is a tradition on the campus, and the students tell over and over again the stories about him which have been handed d o w n through the years.

T o sit in the D o c t o r's office and listen to his accounts of other days, is a rare privilege. H i s sense of humor is

keen, and he wi l l inject no end of it into every incident, which he describes so vividly. If he has the slightest inkling that one wishes to use what he says for publication, he wi l l object strenuously. He does not want the happenings of his life, which seem so simple to him, to be glorified.

Not all of the graduates and former students under Doctor Meyer were able to sign the petition for the grant­ing of this honorary membership. Many of them were far distant and could not place their names on the long list which completely filled three letter pages. Some of the old familiar names appearing on this list were: W . B. Mill iken, '93; E . P. Arthur, '95; Lewis B. Skinner, '95; W . H . Paul, '96; Henry C. Beeler, '96; J . E . Norman, '98; O. R. Whitaker, '98; Fred C. Steinhauer, '99; Fred Jones, '00.

Page Seventeen

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Maga^^tne

Alumni Enjoy Annual Banquet al University Club OV E R 100 Alumni attended the 1930 annual banquet

and business meeting IVIaj' 15 at the University Club in Denver. Many members who were unable to attend wired or wrote to the Secretary expressing their regrets.

President Adami sent the following telegram: "Regret exceedingly my inability to be present with j'ou

all but am with you in Mines Spirit. Please know that my every good wish is for the best success of the Associa­tion and those who are so unselfishly devoting themselves to its best interests,"

Letters from Alumni in South America, Hawaii, Mexico and other far-away places were read at the banquet. Charles W . Comstock, Class of 1890, sent the following letter; Comstock is now in Rio De Janeiro.

"On my recent return from the interior I found your letter of March 20, extending me a cordial invitation to be the guest of the Alumni Association at the Commence­ment exercises in Golden on May 16, and at the annual meeting of the Asso­ciation in Denver. •

"Although it is impossible for me to be present I assure yow. of my deep appreciation of the honor. We are still one week from New York, even by air, and my work here is not 5'et completed.

" A i r travel has greatly facilitated communication and movement up and down the coast, but in the interior we still have to depend largely on the dug­out canoe and the old reliable mule, so that even the most ordinary under­takings are frequently heartbreaking time consumers.

"The mule, however, has one ad­vantage over speedier modes of travel. Riding at night, which is often more comfortable than in day time, the mule can be left to pick his own trail so that the rider has nothing to do but dodge the brush and to reflect on his sins, past and future. More than one puzzling problem has been worked out under such conditions.

"Please extend to the Class of 1930 my best wishes for the professional and financial success of its members. I wish that I might do this in person. I hope to do so for some class not too far in the future."

O. W . Swainson, Class of 1910, sent the following letter from Honolulu. Swainson is working with the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

"I arrived in Honolulu two weeks ago for a two years' tour of duty here. I am Commanding Officer of one of the Coast Survey's vessels.

"It might seem a far cry from a mining engineer to the captain of a ship, but really there is considerable similarity. We shoot the sun and stars in much the same way as we were taught at Mines, but, of course, with a much greater degree of accuracy. As you know, the Coast and Geodetic Survey's determination of latitude and longitude is done with as much accuracy as possible outside of an observatory.

"We determine our position while engaged in taking soundings in much the same way as the geologists now determine rock strata by sound. W e throw overboard a small T N T bomb and measure the time required for the

Oflicers and Members of Execuliue Committee

1930-1931

Hugh A. Stetuart, '12, Presidenl

Allan E Craig, '14, Vice-Vresidenl

C. Lorimer Colburn, '07, Secreiary

Haruey Matheius, '13, Treasurer

Mlliam F. Koch, '11, Cieorge ti. Roll, '19,

UPilliam P. Simpson, 'Ol

sound of the explosion to reach two or more microphones ashore whose positions are known. By knowing the velocity of sound in water we get two or more distances to known points, thus determining our position by the intersection of the distance arcs. The geologists and mining engineers use explosions, microphones and velocities to determine strata.

" M y plane table teachings and practical experience ob­tained at Golden enabled me to become a Chief of Party early in my service in the Bureau. M y contact with the graduates of many different engineering schools has con­vinced me that the foundation gained at the Colorado

School of Mines is not excelled by that of any other school.

"I thank you for sending me the list of the members of my Class of 1910 giving their present addresses. I appre­ciate it and 5'our invitation to the re­union this )'ear and am sorry that I can­not attend. It would be quite a thrill to meet the boys and renew the acquain­tances.

"Kindly express to those of my class who attend the reunion my regrets that I cannot be with them."

G . S. McKay, Class of 1910, who is with the Pittsburgh Vetagrade Mining Company at Zacatecas, Mexico, sent in his regrets for not being able to attend the banquet. According to his letter his plans to be present at the commence­ment exercises were wrecked because of a necessary business trip to the States only a short while before the annual meeting date. This trip kept him away

from his work so long, that it was impossible for him to leave again so soon.

Word was received from H . W . C. Prommel, ex-'15, and Byron M . Johnson, '08, from the Union of Socialistic Soviet Republics. They wrote in part, "Please tell the 'bunch' that while the gang is not all here, at least some of them are. . . . Best regard to all from a long ways from home."

Numerous other individuals wrote in to the Association Secretary and among these the following names are recalled at this writing: H . H . Utley, '00, from Baxter Springs, Kansas; G . N . Pfeiffer, '05, from Herrin, Illinois; E . R. Richards, '05, from Santa Barbara, Mexico; A . T . Thom­son, '05, from New York City; S. W . Laughlin, '10, from East Highlands, California; Charles M . Glascow, '10, from Denver; Keith Roberts, '15, from Chicago; John J . Cadot, '15, from York, Pennsylvania; and E . W . Robinson, '20 from San Francisco.

Scott Turner, Director of the Bureau of Mines, was the guest of honor. He gave a short talk upon the advantages of alumni associations congratulating the Mines Alumni upon their excellent spirit. "Outside of Houghton, of course, the Colorado School of Mines Association is the finest in the world," he said.

Page Eighteen

The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine J U N E 1930

The Retiring Officers of the Alumni Association. Left to right they are: Chas. J. 'Adami, past President; Hugh Stewart, advanced to the Presidency; C. Lorimer Colburn who will remain the Secretary; and A. E. Craig who now becomes Vice Presidenl.

There were many "out-of-town" Miners in attendance. Edward P. Arthur, '95, was there, as usual. He has never missed an Alumni meeting in so far as the records show. Henry R. Evans, Class of "Naughty Naught," was present and told some after dinner jokes to the crowd. Then there were Fred Jones, also of "Naughty Naught"; Edwin H . Piatt, another 1900 man; Homer D . Ford, '05; Gov. Jesse F. McDonald, Hon. '05; Charles A . Spicer, Ex-'05; J . Marvin Kleff, '06; and Hugh A . Wallis, '28.

Of these men Hugh A . Wallis, Charles A . Spicer and Edwin H . Piatt, came the longest distance. Wallis is in the States on a vacation from MaTacaibo, Venezuela where he is employed by the Lago Petroleum Company. Spicer came all the way from Los Angeles for the festivities. He is a contractor in the California city and is the builder of the Coolidge Dam. Piatt's home is in Palo Alto, Cali­fornia where he is manager of the Chipman Chemical Company.

Ronald P. FitzGerald, '10, attended from Roswell, New Mexico, and he told a good old Irish joke. Arthur Buell, '08, came from Midwest, Wyoming, and he drove all day through the rain to get to Denver on time. Max C. Scheble, '01, made his first visit in 29 years to see his son, young Max, graduate.

M E E T I N G AT MONTERREY

A telegram from the Monterrey Section was read: "Greetings, please congratulate graduating class. Having big meeting Saturday." Explanation of the "big meeting" was later found in a letter, of which extracts follow:

"The Monterrey Section of the Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association is having its regular monthly meeting at 8 o'clock, Saturday night. May 17, 1930, at the Monterrey Foreign Club. We are planning to get together that night for the sake of old times and remember Mines and Miners especially on this date—the day after Commencement at Golden.

"As there are many Miners in Mexico, eighty-five that we know of, it has been suggested that the Monterrey Sec­tion—the only chapter of the Mines Alumni Association in a foreign country—get as many as possible to come to Monterrey and join us at this meeting."

CLASS REUNIONS Reunions for the classes of 1890, 1895, 1900, 1905,

1915 and 1920 were scheduled for this year's banquet. Lewis B. Skinner, former member of the Board of Trustees of the School, was spokesman for the Class of '95. He gave an interesting history of the class, injecting a great

deal of dry humor into his talk. James H . Steele spoke for the Class of 1900, and again the banqueters were favored with many humorous remarks. M r . Steele's humor is what we should call, editorially, "Pungent." Vincent K . Jones was the speaker for the Class of 1910. He main­tained that on the average his class as represented at the meeting was outstanding in one thing at least—It was the heaviest class present. FitzGerald, weighing well over two hundred, brought the class far above any of the others in this respect. Charles A . Rogers spoke for the 1915 class and A . A . Klamann represented the Class of 1920.

Fred C. Carstarphen did such an excellent job of talking for his Class of 1905 that, as a matter of thorough and good reporting, parts of it were recorded in shorthand so that some of the thoughts of "Naughty Five" might reach absent members of the class word for word as their spokes­man gave them. M r . Carstarphen said in part:

N A U G H T Y FIVERS TOAST

"I respond to the toast to the Class of '05 with mingled emotions, joy that we are here to do homage to the Class of '30, and regret that this reunion finds so few of our class here to join in the festivities. Judged by the chronicles of memory, and even by the calendar, it may be a long time since the Class of 1905 stood on the threshold of youth, as you do today, and looked across the 5'ears to the goal of destiny; but to most of us the event is as vivid as though it happened 5'esterday.

' 'We of the Class of 1905 salute the Class of 1930, and claim you for our very own. It is proper and fitting that we should reach across the years and take the hand of this merry band of adventurers on life's highway. Cheerfully we turn to look backward through the fog, the rain, and the sunshine of a quarter of a century and beckon to you to come, for we have found the highroad of life worth the travelling.

"Before locking arms as comrades, pause with us to do homage to our illustrious dead : Carl Allen, Arthur Austin, Albert Cuno, Charles Duer, Robert Lee, Joseph O'Byrne, George B. Putnam, and E . M . Rabb. Old pals, you live with us tonight for we accept the poet's thought:

'There is no death, an angel form Walks o'er the earth with silent tread,

He bears our best loved things away And then we call them dead.'

"In sober thought I wonder if we are properly prepared and well qualified to lead these young men of the Class of

(Continued on page 36)

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines M.aga'^in

Seniors Report Interesting Trips n p H E Colorado School of Mines senior students returned X. from their annual inspection trips May 5. The Seniors

were divided into two groups. The mining and metallurgy students traveled east and the petroleum men went west.

T H E M I N AND M E T TRIP Both groups left Golden Apr i l 19. The mining and

metallurgy students arrived in Kansas City the next day; and as it was Sunday, it was reported that there was nothing left in this big town which was not thoroughly inspected.

The first trip into the field was a visit to the Eagle-Picher Lead Co. According to reports, more notes were taken on this first inspection than on all others combined. The explanation is that the Seniors had not yet "lived and learned". It is said that toward the last of the tour many pencils were thrown away entirely, and the "good old gray matter" given all of the responsibility for retaining enough material for the "detailed reports".

The Lead Belt Alumni met the boys down in the Joplin district, and a big banquet was in order. According to re­ports, this was the best "free meal" to which they were treated during the entire two weeks' travel. Three rousing cheers for the Lead Belt Section!

The itinerary of the next few da5's took the young engi­neers to Picher, Miami, Baxter Springs, and to various other parts of the Tri-State district. They observed, and observed, the methods used here in the mining and milling of lead-zinc ores.

St. Louis then became headquarters. Visits out from this city were in order during the three daj's following their arrival here. The first day out took them to Bonne Terre and the Flat River district. Next, to Gillespie, Illinois to observe coal mining methods. Saturday's schedule intro­duced the boys to the Evans-Wallower Zinc Co., where they observed the Tainton process for electrolytic zinc. Then, the American Zinc Co. to inspect retort zinc smelt­ing and sulfuric acid plant.

Headquarters were next moved to Chicago. A student reports that the "frigidity" encountered in the Windy

City was quite a shock after the warm hospitality of the St. Louis region. Here is the program which was followed at Chicago;

Apr i l 29—Chicago Bj'-products Coke Co., gas producer operation, water gas manufacture, waste heat boilers, gas metering, gas purification and preparation of coke for domestic consumption; Peoples Gas Light and Coke Com­pany; Crawford. Avenue Power Station for modern thermo-power plant.

Apr i l 30—Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co., M i l ­waukee, Wisconsin, for the manufacture of electric, h)'-draulic, steam and mining equipment together with cast iron foundry practice.

May 1—Indiana Steel Co., Gary, Indiana, iron and steel.

It is claimed that the boys got homesick for Golden hours before it was time to leave Chicago. They stopped at Omaha to inspect the A . S. & R. plant. Then it was "home, James".

T H E PETROLEUM TRIP

"Tex" Stanfield, one of the petroleum seniors, was kind enough to report the experiences of the "Producers and Refiners", and much of the following account is to be accredited to him.

The petroleum men headed by Professors Byron B. Boat-right and George H . Fancher took a rather long trip this 5'ear, visiting many fields and refineries. A few pleasure trips in the itinerary were well placed to break the monotony of things, for you know, " A l l work and no plaj' makes Jack a dull boy," indeed.

They went first to San Francisco. From here they took the ferry to Richmond, where they were met by M r . Ramej', official of the Standard O i l Company of California. At the refinery, M r . Cundell, assistant chemist, showed them through the large plant which has a capacity of 100,000 barrels of oil per day.

The next day was spent at the University of California at Berkeley with Professor Uren and Doctor Carlson, visiting the different buildings on this beautiful campus.

Mining and Metallurgy group making trip to districts around St. Louis and Chicago. Standing left to right—Videgarey, Kinney, Bus driver, Professor Palmer, Dellinger, L. E. Smith, Professor Signer, Professor Carpenter, Wood, Barker, Sharp, Garbella,

Briscoe, Mercer, Scheble, Donnelly, Watson. Sitting, left to right—Wilson, Bell, Weaver, Hoalst, Falter, Sanderson, Morris, Playter, Bonnett, Professor Roloff, Dickey, C. E. Smith,

The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in^ J U N E 1930

Among the many places visited were the Engineering and Mining building and the huge library.

In the Engineering and Mining building is a laboratory where work is done on problems which approach those encountered in the industry. In one apparatus they are attempting to determine the flow of oil at different distances from the well. In the patio of this building is a model cable tool derrick, which was exhibited in the Panama Pacific Exposition at San Francisco in 1915 and then donated to the department.

We were luncheon guests of the petroleum engineering department at the Associated Students University Club and enjoyed a talk by Dean Propert. The petroleum men all feel endebted to Dean Propert for the interest shown in them and the School of Mines.

The boj's boarded the S. S. Harvard for Los Angeles. People, after all are strange creatures; j'ou know they rush off or on the gang­plank the moment it is dropped. The boat trip for Los Angeles was a great pleasure. Miners stand well most everywhere, and it must be stated that they certainly showed their stuff on this ship. On our arrival in Los Angeles, headquarters were established at the Alexandria Hotel and that afternoon the whole group visited the museum.

In the evening the seniors were dinner guests of the Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association of Southern California. They reported that they enjoyed immensely meeting the old grads and talking over old times. The Alumni kindly arranged for transportation to the fields and other points around Los Angeles.

The next morning everyone was up early and had his eyes well focused on movieland. A visit was made to the United Artist's Studio in Hollywood and not one of the party regretted visiting that nationally known studio and seeing Eddie Cantor film his picture which wi l l be known to the movie world as "Whoopie".

Early the next morning the party was met at the hotel by H . C. Armington, '07, Doug Evans, '25, and Jack Green­spoon, '26, Alumni of the School. They volunteered their cars and time to show the boys through the General Petroleum Corporation's property at Santa Fe Springs. The G . P. Corporation also furnished a big car and a driver.

Two daj's were spent in the Santa Fe Springs field, visiting the laboratories, gasoline plants, .drilling wells, cementing jobs, compressor plants, pumping stations, water disposal plants, gas lif t wells, electrical iehydrator plant, and tool rack of the General Petroleum Corporation. M r . DeMaris of the G . P. gave the Miners a lecture on the geology of that field. He also explained the use of , the acid bottle device for determining the deviation of holes from vertical.

Next on the program was a visit to the Elliot Core Dri l l -Company. M r . E . A . Spencer, who is manager of the Los Angeles branch, was quite interested in the School of Mines boys and enjoyed explaining the different processes which an Elliot Core D r i l l goes through before it is ready

Petroleum engineering group on trip to California oil fields. Standing, left to right— Renfro, Kincade, Carter, Professor Boatright, Kelley, Purdum. Sitting, left to right— Gernert, Carr, Stanfield, Tryansky.—Picture taken in front of Universal Engineering Co.

for the rough usage it receives in the field. M r . Spencer used his car and chauffered for the party all the time while at Santa Fe Springs.

Early Monday morning the men drove to Ventura and Santa Barbara, visiting those fields. At Ventura, through arrangements of Jack Greenspoon, they visited the G . P . office and there saw maps of the geology of that field. Driving on up the coast towards Santa Barbara, they stopped at a well being drilled by the G . P. seven hundred feet out in the ocean. This was something new to the majority of the Miners for they had never seen a well "out at sea." One could see bubbles of gas in several places, coming to the surface of the water. Several small fields were seen on the way back to Los Angeles.

Tuesday morning was spent at Dominguez. There the Union O i l Company's absorption and gasoline plant was visited. Here gasoline from eighty million cubic feet of wet gas is being extracted each day.

There is close cooperation between the operators in this field and everything plainly shows it. It is indeed a typical example of the way a field should be drilled and produced. It is here in this field that the Union O i l Company is storing gas for the purpose of repressuring wells. At this time they are storing approximately five million cubic feet of gas each day in four wells. A close check is being kept on the pressure of the wells to see that none of the gas is channeling past or escaping from the oil sand.

Another interesting place in this field is the bug labora­tory where correlations are made and different formations studied. Here the Miners saw the remains of marine life from microscopic size to six or eight inches in diameter.

Later the members of the party were guests at luncheon of the Universal Engineering Company, manufacturers of Zublin Rotary Bits. The finest "feed" of the trip is re­ported to have been this one at the Victor Hugo restaurant. M r . Berry and M r . Porter, officials of the Universal Engi­neering Company, sponsored the luncheon. The afternoon was spent in going through this company's shop, and with­out doubt this is the cleanest, neatest and best arranged

Page Twenty-one

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of M.ine s M.a ga'^in e

machine and welding shop to be seen on the west coast, it is reported.

The, last day of the stay in Los Angeles was spent visiting refineries—the Union O i l Company refinery at Wilming­ton, which has a capacity of about 75,000 barrels of oil per day, and the Shell O i l Company refinery at Watson.

A t the Shell refinery the boys met J . C. Worden, '23, who gladly showed them through the refinery. Here was seen much foreign made machinery, especially compressors and pipe fittings.

The Petroleum "wanderers" left Los Angeles on Thurs­day morning for the Grand Canyon where they stopped for one day, arriving in Denver on Sunday morning, weary and footsore, but much the wiser.

"We have a fine, dependable and hard working bunch of Alumni in California and we want to thank them one and all for the trouble they went to in making our Senior Tr ip a pleasure and a success." Thus "Tex" Stanfield summarized the opinion of the whole bunch who made the trip.

GEOLOGISTS Do FIELD W O R K AT PARK

Speaking of mining and petroleum field trips, the fact must not be overlooked that the geophysics department also completed some extensive field work last semester. From Apr i l 19 to May 4 a party of men under the super­vision of Professor Wantland conducted the most thorough course of practical instruction thus far undertaken by the geoph5'sics department. The reason for this statement is based on the fact that the geophysical men this j'ear were

allotted two weeks for their field work, while previous to. this time a week or ten days was made to suffice.

Pueblo was the headquarters of the geophysical party, and the work itself was carried on in the W i l d Horse Park area north of the city. A complete survey of the W i l d Horse structure was made and satisfactorily completed. A torsion balance survey traverse was run across the south end of the structure and a short traverse run across the north end. Seventeen torsion balance stations were taken. This is the largest number of stations taken by any class to date.

The grouping and operating arrangements of the men was efficiently worked out by M r . Wantland and gave each man a certain tj'pe job for one day. The four classes of work were running the torsion balance, the magnato-meter, making terrain surveys and plane table survej's. The men M'orked in groups of two and put in two days on each job. B j ' alternating the men on each succeeding day, everyone was afforded the opportunity to be in charge one day on each job.

During the first week those present were Professor Wantland, A . L . Guerrero, Barney Bench, V . A . Peterson, W . E . Pugh, Colie Broun, T . Manhart, Earl Wolters and G . T . Mclntyre. The first three of these students remained for the entire week, the rest were replaced by the following four rnen the second week; James Boyd, Danny Griswold, W m . Wallis and O. D . Brooks. M r . Robert Weaver, who is taking special instruction under Dr . Heiland, was also a member of the party for four days, to observe torsion balance field methods. M r . Weaver is a mining engineer

(Continued on page 47)

Page Ttventy-tivo

The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in J U N E 1930

Principles of the Hydro-metallurgy and Electrodeposition of the Netals

IV. chapter on leaching By T H O M A S P. C A M P B E L L *

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Leaching, or Lixiviation, are terms used to denote the dissolution of one or more soluble constituents from a com­minuted mass of solid particles by means of a liquid solvent. Practically, leaching implies also the subsequent separation of the strong solution from the insoluble residue; but for purposes of discussion we may distinguish between the two steps and consider them individually.

The first point to be noted is that once again we have to deal with a polyphasic, or heterogeneous, sj'stem. It is not uncommon to find a leaching system involving solid, liquid, and gaseous phases all in contact with each other and all plajdng an essential role in the process. Secondly, it may be remarked that, from the standpoint of physical-chemistry, it makes little difference whether the reactions between the various constituents in the different phases, or even in the same phase, are "physical" (as the dissolution of sugar in water), or "chemical" (as the formation of a solution of copper sulfate by the action of dilute H2SO4 on CuO) : thermodj'namic reasoning applies with equal force and with complete impartiality to either variety. In gen­eral, the line of demarcation between physical and chemical reactions has become rather faint and very wobbly of late 5'ears; sometimes you see it and sometimes you don't; and in any event, it would seem to be a case of a distinction without a difference.

However, it is evident that we have to deal with solu­tions, and the first question of importance is, what is a solu­tion, anyhow, and what is the mechanism by which things form solutions? On the classical Kinetic Theory^' the answer is fairly definite, though not altogether satisfactory: a true solution is a dispersion of two or more pure species in each other. By "species" is meant chemical individuals, such as molecules, atoms, or ions.

According to the state of aggregation, we m&y classify all matter as gaseous, liquid, and solid (crystalline). The essential difference between these states is one of freedom and randomness of motion of the constituent particles; in the gaseous state the molecules range "high,' wide, and handsome", their motion is completely chaotic, there is no form or organization, no "free surface". In the liquid state, due to cooling and pressure, the motion of the mole­cules is damped, and confined, but still random, and the liquid has one free surface. In the solid state, finally, further cooling and pressure produce a condition of order and of organization which is evidenced by a typical crystal­line form; the molecules still move, but only in very lim­ited, definite paths and within narrow ranges; and the solid may have any number of free surfaces. A pure liquid has a single, definite boiling point and freezing point, at any given pressure below the critical point; and a pure solid has a single, characteristic melting point, at given pressure.

Substances such as pitch, glass, and wax are to be regard-

*Associate Professor of Metallurgy, Colorado School of Mines. —^For more detailed treatment of the Kinetic Theory and its consequences,

see Nernst, Theoretical Chemistry, translation of 8th-10th German Edition, N . Y., 1923; boolc II, Ch. II. Also W. C. McC. Lewis, System of Physical Chemistry, vol, I, N. Y., 1921.

ed as under-cooled liquids; they do not have a sharp melting point, but display a long softening range, gradually chang­ing from a viscous, solid consistency to a more or less fluid, liquid condition. On the other hand, most alloys show two or more melting points, according to their constitution; the different component species melt, or freeze, at their charac­teristic points just as though they were all alone in the world, until the eutectic point'** is reached.

However, without getting too far into this interesting subject, we may note that there are six types of true solu­tions possible between the three states of aggregation:

Solute Solvent gas in gas ^ gas • in liquid gas ^ in solid liquid in liquid solid in liquid solid in solid.

A l l gases dissolve in each other in all proportions; but as we go on down the list this condition of complete miscibil-ity becomes increasingly exceptional; nor should this condi­tion be surprising, since with increasing constraint of motion of the particles, the opportunity for promiscuous and easj' dispersion of one molecular species in another becomes more remote. In the case of the interaction of unlike phases, the governing factor would seem to be the lowering of the sur­face tension of the more constrained state; and this, in turn, is just another way of saj'ing that solubility is a question of the intensity factor involved in the energy change resulting from the transition from one state of aggregation to another, or from one complexion and concentration of particles to another.'

This question of surface tension leads to the subject of solutions other than true solutions,—^that is, dispersions other than atomic, molecular or ionic. Surface tension is a manifestation of the field of force which exists at the sur­face of all liquids and solids. The very fact that there is a free surface is evidence of constricting or restraining forces acting at or near that surface. The resultant of these forces along any line in the plane of the surface is called the surface tension, and is measured in ergs per centimeter. Obviously, then, the surface energy must be directly pro­portional to the surface created: the greater the surface, the greater the energy bound up in it. Moreover, there must be components of the surface force acting or tending to act in all directions outward from that surface. These forces may be regarded as unbalanced electrical forces due to the discontinuity in arrangement and concentration of molecules imposed by the free surface; but in a general way it is sufficient to recognize the fact that there is a "stray field of force" acting at or near every liquid and solid surface.

^'i—Guillet & Portevin, Metallography & Macrograplry, Ch. II; N . Y., 1922. In any two-component system containing a solid and a liquid phase, there can be only one degree of freedom; according to the Phase Rule, then, the eutectic point depends only on temperature.

Page Tnventy-t/iree

J U N E 1930 The Coiorado School of Mines Magaz.in

If, now, the mass of the solid particle be reduced,—by mechanical subdivision, for example,—it must be possible to arrive at a condition such that the surface effects wi l l overbalance the mass effects. For instance, as the particle becomes smaller and smaller, the surface field may become of more importance than the gravitational field acting on the particle as a whole,—so that a large number of these particles might be kept in suspension in a given medium simply by the small repulsive forces acting from their like surface fields. Dust, fog, and non-settling slimes in water are familiar examples.

Such particles are called "Colloidal Particles", or simply "colloids".^" The name is derived from the French word meaning glue, because the first accurate observations were made on proteins and other gelatinous, glue-like substances. Colloidal solutions, then, are not true solutions, as we have defined them above; rather they are mixtures of a peculiar sort, for under certain conditions it is possible to coagulate or flocculate colloidal particles and thus precipitate them without having effected any real chemical change in the particles themselves. The part played hy colloidal particles in leaching and separation processes wi l l be taken up later; the subject has been introduced here simply to bring out the nature and most general properties of colloidal solutions in comparison with true solutions.

In the tabulation of true solutions given above, it wi l l be noticed that all the right-hand members are listed as sol­vents, and all the left-hand members as solutes. It must be apparent, however, that it would be just as appropriate to reverse the denominations. In other words, the process of dissolution implies and requires a mutual action: sugar dissolves water just as truly as water dissolves sugar; each component is equally essential to the reaction. However, for convenience it is usual to call the substance which is present in minor amount the "solute" (the thing dissolved). Then we may express the composition of the solution in terms of the amount of solute present in a given volume, or weight of solution, or of solvent.

In chemistry it is common practice to deal with "equiva­lent solutions": if we dissolve 58.5 grams of N a C l in water and make the solution up to one liter with more water, we have a "normal solution" of N a C l . Similarly, 49 gm. of anhydrous H j S O ^ made up to one liter with water would produce a normal solution of H2SO4. This method of expressing composition has many advantages, especially in analytical work; but to avoid ambiguity the temperature at which the volume was measured must be stated. Another method is that of dissolving molal or equivalent weights in 1000 gm. of water, which makes the use of the solution independent of temperature.

In hydrometallurgy, however, it is usual to express com­position in terms of grams of solute per liter of solution, or in terms of volume percent. Thus, a solution containing 100 gm. of Cu per liter is called a 10% Cu solution. Of course the volume must be measured under given condi­tions,—say at 15°C or 60°F,—and therefore this method suffers from the same difficulty as that of volume equiva­lents. But the volume percent, method allows of direct calculation of solution tonnages and of leach-pulp ratios of parts solid to parts liquid.

In the last analysis Kinetic Theory does not describe accurately just how, or by what mechanism, one substance goes into solution in another. We may start from the gas laws and by means of more or less valid assumptions arrive at a fairly accurate analytical account of what goes on in

^"^Colloidat Beliavior, Bogue, N . Y., 1924-. Applied Colloidal Cliemistry, Bancroft, N , Y.; 1921. Proteins and the Theory of Colloidal Behavior, Loeb, N . Y., 1924.

very dilute solutions. We "assume, for example, that par­ticles in solution behave like gas molecules under similar conditions of temperature, pressure, and concentration. Further, we assign little or no part to the particles of the solvent,—^the solvent appears as just so much inert medium, or a stage on which the solute molecules or ions perform according to the best traditions of a perfect gas. It is not surprising, then, that when we come to concentrated solu­tions, these transplanted gas law relations fail to hold. The trouble is not in the laws, but in the assumptions under which they are applied.

The use of thermodynamic reasoning is much more satis­factory, for in that case we need make no assumptions of any sort as to mechanism; we are not interested in the least in what happens between the start and the finish, but only in the conditions at the start and the conditions at the finish. Thus, we begin with two molecular species sep­arated from each other, and we wind up with two species dispersed in each other. If we start with sugar and water, we finish with sugar dissolved in water. If we start with Z n O and a solution of H C l , we wind up with Z n C l j in solution in water. We ma)' pursue our investigation a bit further and find that the ZnClg molecules are partly or wholly split up in solution into zinc ions, Zn"^*, and chloride ions, Cr. W e may go into still more elaborate detail, and find that the water in the solution is partly split up also into hydrogen ions, H*, and hydroxyl ions, O H ' ; and, worse still, that the undissociated mole'cules of water are not just H j O , but are probably polymers of this compound, sucb as H^Oa, H„Oa, or perhaps even HgO^. On the kinetic the­ory, this would be a fine mess to deal with; but in thermo­dynamics we do not care how we got that way, or by what number of steps or stages. A l l we need to know is the fact that energy is evolved or consumed in the process as a whole, and if possible, how much energy, in order to state what the characteristics of the process are, whether it wi l l go of itself or not, and what wi l l be the effect of changes in the environment upon the rate of the reaction and upon its end-point.

It is not necessary to go into this phase of the subject of solutions just now. Later, in dealing with the phe­nomena of electrolysis, we shall have to make extensive use of this sort of reasoning. But for the present it is sufficient to know, in a general way, what is meant by solu­tion, and by the various terms and conditions involved in leaching processes.

Heiland writes Article A n article. Geophysics Education, describing the training

given at the Colorado School of Mines appears in Mining and Metallurgy, May 1930. This article is a paper pre­sented by Dr . C. A . Heiland, head of the Mines Geo-phj'sics department. Doctor Heiland states that a geo­physicist should, first of all, be a geologist, with extensive training in mathematics and physics.

Russia at present is spending vast sums for machinery in this country and American Highway engineers are in great demand there to build roads on the American plan. The soviet government has made great appropriations of government money for road construction. China and Africa are also a A v a k e n i n g to their need of highways and these great expanses of undeveloped country offer an outlet, bewildering in its scope, for American highway materials and man' power.

Page Twenty-four

The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine J U N E 1930

Sotes on African Copper Deposits and By J A C K P. BONARDI, '21*

Northern Rhodesia has an area of 287,950 square miles and evidences of copper mineralization are more wide­spread than in any corresponding area of any other known country. The formations are so similar to coal measures that the tonnage possibilities are far in excess of anything one might imagine. In, speaking of tonnage of ore reserve, these are expressed in figures similar to what is commonly used in stating tonnages of coal measures, often the figures appear of astronomical proportion. The whole copper field as known to date is embraced in a 100 \>y 40 mile rectangle whose longitudinal axis runs N . W . by S. E . Northern Rhodesia copper district is spoken of as being a second Arizona, because within the next three to five years as much copper wi l l be produced from this new country as is now being produced in Arizona.

In three years Northern Rhodesia is expected to produce 250,000 tons of copper (approximately % of present total world production.) In five to seven years Northern Rhodesian mines together with Union Miniere du Haut Katanga wi l l produce 25 per cent of the world output.

Estimated the mines in Northern Rhodesia now under consideration wi l l within a few years be producing as much copper as Great Britain is now consuming (about 200,000 tons yearly.)

N 'Dola , which is on the main Elizabethville (Katanga) •—Beira railroad line is located in apparently the center of activities or from where the various railroads leading to the different properties wi l l radiate and where most likely all the main head offices wi l l be located, is expected, in a few years time, to be considered the Johannesburg of Cen­tral Afr ica or the Butte of the British Empire. N 'Do la is about 150 miles southwest of Elizabethville and about 100 miles north of Broken H i l l .

N ' D o l a at present is 1450 miles from either the port of Beira on the east coast (Indian Ocean) and the same dis­tance to Lobito Bay on the west coast (Atlantic Ocean). When the Kafue-Sinoia cut off to Beira -is completed about 700 miles wi l l be saved to the east coast and if in­stead of going around by the main line, via Elizabethville and Tshilongo, to the west coast a cut-off is made by ex­tending the railroad from N'Changa beyond to Kansanshi to link up with the Benguela railroad in Angola, 400 miles can be saved, making N ' D o l a 1100 miles from the Atlantic port. The completion of the Benguela railroad to Lobito Bay wi l l save about 3000 miles on shipment of copper from Katanga to Europe over present system.

It is expected that within the next five years at least $100,000,060 wi l l be spent in getting the following pro­ducing properties into the production stage. Roan Antelope (early 1931), N'Kana (late 1931), Muful i ra (late 1931), N'Change (1932), Chambishi (1933), Kansanshi (1933).

While all the plans for the new concentrators to be built at present are either five or six thousand tons, all are ex­pected eventually to be extended to 10,000 or even 20,000 tons per day as sufficient ore reserves have, even to date, been proven to warrant such large scale operation.

Union Miniere du Haut Katanga is now producing 125,000 tons of copper per year and is expected before long to step this up to 1'75,000 and possibly 200,000 tons

*Mining Engineer, Manager New York Oflice of the Mine and Smelter Supply Co.

Development Plans and eventually (5-7 j'ears) to 250,000 tons. This concern is now projecting plans for a new leaching plant at Chituru, also developing their Musonoi western group of mines. Estimated ore reserves of this company about 100,000,000 tons of high grade oxidized ore much of which averages 15% copper, six and seven percent ore at one time dis­carded as being too poor to treat. M r . A . E . Wheeler ( N . Y . C.) and associated engineers who laid out most of the existing plants have also been engaged as consulting engineers for the new projects.

The output of the Rhodesian Copper Mines combined with Union Miniere in all probabilities within seven to ten J'ears wi l l produce as much as 500,000 tons per annum, equivalent to one-quarter of the present world copper production. As the annual rate of increase during the past 7 J'ears has been reported as 6% j'early (some stating this as 9% increase over the past 9 j'ears) this increased production should cause no menace. However, during the same period, increased copper output from Canada and South America (principallj' from Chili Copper Co.) wi l l most likely reach at the same time a like increased tonnage over their present production so there is no likelihood of any dearth of copper for many j'ears to come. During this same coming period the U . S. is expected at least to hold what it is now capable of producing with what new expan­sions have been made (hut not as j'et put into fu l l opera­tion) with good likelihood of an increase. Russia should in the same time be producing all the copper required for their own home consumption, although their 5 year in­dustrialization program as laid out is to exploit all their various non-ferrous metal resources way bej'ond that re­quired for home consumption. (According to one source Russia is now importing about 15,000 tons of copper, 20,000 tons zinc and 10,000 tons of lead.)

T H R E E GROUPS INVOLVED

In brief, the many different parties that are interlocked in their proprietorship, financing and technical directions, in exploiting the different copper deposits of Northern Rhodesia, can be thrown into three major groups:

First group—^Selection Trust, Ltd., Rhodesian Selection Trust, Ltd . Headed by Alfred Chester Beatty, Esq.

Second group—Composed mainly of the following Com­panies: (Names of some of the individuals in control are given.) Rhodesian Congo Border Concession, Ltd. , Sir Auckland C. Geddes; Bwana M'Kubwa Copper Mining Co. Ltd. , Sir Edmund Davis; Rhodesian Anglo-American Ltd. , Sir Ernest Oppenheimer; Mineral Separation, Ltd. , Capt. Walter Broadbridge; Selection Trust, Ltd. , A . Chester Beatty, Esq.; The British South African Co. L td . and London Sj'ndicate group of companies.

Third group—Rhodesia Katanga Co., Tanganj'ike Con­cession Ltd. , and Zambesi Exploration Co., headed by Sir Robert Wil l iam.

Tlie First Group Selection Trust, Ltd . controls the following group of

property divisions: Roan Antelope, Roan Extension and Muliashi.

Page Twenty-five

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magax.in

The two separate properties, Mufu l i ra and Chambishi are controlled by the Rhodesian Selection Trust, L td .

The first three properties are continuations of one another, and wi l l most likely be consolidated to operate under one company (Roan Antelope Copper Mines, L td . ) . The last two properties wi l l probably be made separate cor­porations, all, however, controlled by the parent organiza­tion^—Selection Trust Ltd . with headquarters at London, England. Rhodesian Selection Trust is expected to estab­lish headquarters at Muful i ra (at present at N'Dola.)

Roan Antelope Copper MineSj Ltd.—rProperty located 20 miles from N'Dola , S. W . Headquarters at present at N 'Dola .

Developed 75,000,000 tons 3.3% copper ore. Length of proven ore deposit 7 miles long by % to 1

mile wide—ore occurring in a synclinal basis or trough­like formation—similar to inclined canoe.

It has been calculated that Roan Antelope together with Roan Extension area and its continuation the Muliashi area are figured to have an ore reserve of 350,000,000 tons of better than 3% copper.

Present plant now being erected to treat 6000 tons daily producing approximately 50,000 tons copper per annum (corresponding to the normal production of such copper companies like Cerro de Pasco, Inspiration or Andes).

The following are some of the American Engineers working on this project: A . Chester Beatty, Chairman of the Board; A . G . McGregor, Consulting Engineer; W . C. "Pat" Page, Metallurgist (Colorado School of Mines, Class of 1915) ; E . A . Strong, Designing Engineer (Colo­rado School of Mines, Class of 1914) ; C. M . Schneider, Designing Engineer, (Colorado School of Mines, Class of 1920) ; D . D . Irwin, General Manager (Formerly of Copper Queen Co . ) ; Chas. R. Wraith, Smelter Supt. (Colorado School of Mines, Class of 1911).

The copper mineral of this particular property being in the form of calcocite (CujS) it is planned to use a simple reverberatory melting process in handling the con­centrates to produce a 75 per cent copper matte, followed by a converter, to make blister copper.

The copper smelter to be built at Roan, which wi l l also serve for treating the Muful i ra and Chambishi concen­trates.

Mufulira—Copper Mines, Ltd.—Located about 80 miles from N 'Do la north by west, and 12 miles off the main railroad line—railroad now in the course of construction.

Proven ore to date in the neighborhood of 45 to 60 million tons of 4.5 to 5.5 per cent Cu in a length of only one mill and approximately 12 miles wide. Ore is expected to prevail over a length of around 20 miles.

The following are some of the American engineers em­ployed on this project: E . E . Barker, Gen. Manager— (Formerly of Utah Copper Co.) ; R. J . Parker, Manager (Rhodesian Selection Trust—^Colorado School of Mines, Class of 1919).

Present plant projected for 5,000 tons capacity per day, producing approximately 75,000 tons copper per annum (equivalent to production of Calumet & Arizona.)

The pilot plant used at Roan Copper is being trans­ferred for making preliminary test runs.

Chambishi—Located about 60 miles from N 'Dola N . W.—20 miles beyond N'Kana.

Extensive ore deposit and plans are to build a concen­trator following Muful i ra (Production 50,000 tons cop­per per annum).

Indications are this property wi l l also become one of the

big producers, since an ore reserve of 15,000,000 tons of 3.5% cu has been developed to date.

The Second Group Rhodesian Congo Border Concession, Ltd. , Bwana

M'Kubwa Copper Mining Co. Ltd. , Rhodesian Anglo-American Corporation and others control the following two big properties: N'Changa Copper Mines, L t d . ; N 'Kana Copper Mines L td . (Controlled practically ex­clusively by Bwana M'Kubwa) .

N'Kana Copper Mines Ltd.—Owned by Bwana M'Kubwa Copper Mining Co. Ltd . Located 40 miles from N'Dola , JN. W . Railroad practically complete.

Developed to date 140,000,000 tons of 4 per cent cop­per. It being estimated that the property in two 5'ears wi l l develop 250 million tons. Ore can be traced for about a hundred miles, which, however, extends beyond the property lines of this Company.

Present plans call for a 5000 ton concentrator (produc­tion 75,000 tons copper per annum).

The following engineers from the American continent are employed: M r . C. W . Dowsett, Genl. Mgr . (Bwana M ' K u b w a Copper Mining Co. Ltd.—Formerly of Dome Gold Mining Co., Canada) ; Dr . J . Austin Bancroft, Chief Geologist from Canada; M r . L . P. Durham, Supt. of Concentrator (Formerly of Mason Valley Copper Co., Nevada).

A 300 ton pilot plant is now being installed. The copper smelter to be built at N 'Kana wi l l in all

likelihood handle the concentrates from N'Changa. N'Changa Copper Mines, Ltd.—Rhodesian Congo Bor­

der Concession, Ltd . and Rhodesian Anglo-American L td . and others.

Located 75 miles from N'Dola , N . W . — 5 0 miles bej'ond N'Kana—railroad in course of construction.

Developed to date 59,000,000 tons of 3.5% C u — eventually estimated to be 600 to 800 millions in only 5 miles long.

Present plans call for a 500O ton concentrator (50,000 tons copper per annum).

The American engineers employed on this project are: M r . H . S. Monroe, Chief Eng. of Rhodesian Anglo-American Ltd . at Broken H i l l ; and M r . G . C. R. Stewart, General Mgr. , (formerly of Rio Tinto Co.)

A pilot plant is going to be installed for the purpose of proving out on a semi-commercial scale the "Segregation Process" described elsewhere, although at the present time it now appears that due to recent discoveries of large bodies of sulphide ores that a flotation process may also be worked out.

In the proven ore to date the main portion of the copper is chiefly in the form of oxidized minerals, although un­usually high grade sulphide ore has recently been discovered which is expected to play a very important part in the future developments of this company.

The Third Group Kansanshi—Rhodesia Katanga Co. and other interests. Located 100 miles northwest of N'Changa—about 200

miles from N'Dola , N . W . Branch railroad line now being surveyed from Kipushi

in Katanga. Many millions of tons of good high grade copper ore has

been developed but at present mostly in the oxidized form. Either a leaching process like the Benedict-Perkins Am­monia process used at Bwana M ' K u b w a or application of the "Segregation Process", as is being tried out at N'Changa, or an acid leaching process as used at Miniere

Page Tweniy-six

The Colorado School of Mines Magazine J U N E 1930

Katanga, wi l l be used. Later followed bj' ordinary con­centrator, if sufficient sulphide ore can be blocked out.

A pilot plant is now being projected. M r . A . E . Wheeler ( N . Y . C.) has been engaged as

Consulting Engineer for the laying out of the treatment plants.

MISCELLANEOUS AFRICAN PROPERTIES

Messina (Transvaal) Development Co., Transvaal—• Copper, 250 tons—Expansion 1929; total 1000 tons.

Life of property greatly increased by find of new ore re­serves in 1929.

Namaqua (Namaqualand) Copper Co., Cape Colonj'-—• Copper. Increased development and production made dur­ing 1929.

So. African Copper Co. (Maqualand). Formerly Cape Copper Co. Copper—Plant projected if present plans materialize.

Rhodesian Broken H i l l Development Co. Ltd . Lead-Zinc—Located 100 miles south of N 'Dola .

Substantial expansion made in the concentrator and in their electrolytic zinc plant which is now producing 50 tons per day (20 tons per day expansion '29). A lead smelter is also in use on the property.

Total ore reserve at present 1,000,000 tons averaging 30 percent Zn, 8 percent Pb and .9 percent VjOg.

M r . Douglas W . Jessup, American Engineer, General Mgr . on this project (Formerly of Utah, U . S. A . )

Bwana M'Kubwa Copper Mng . Co. Ltd . Located 5 miles from N 'Do la S. E . Copper. M r . C. W . Dowsett, General Manager; M r . Daniel W . Butner, graduate of the Colorado School of Mines, Class of 1915, mine super­intendent.

Notable improvement made in the operation of their ammonia leach process. Now producing about 8000 tons of copper per annum, expected soon to be stepped up to 10,000 tons.

Present proven ore deposit about 7,000,000 tons of 3.8 per cent copper ore.

In addition to the Bwana M ' K u b w a and N'Kana Cop­per Mines, the Bwana M'Kubwa Co. has other assets of very considerable value:

Up to Apri l 30, 1935 they have rights to explore the N'Kana Concession (1800 square miles). According to a sub-contract made a few 5'ears past with the Rhodesian Selection Trust, the latter concern were given the rights to explore this concession (which right expired on November 30, 1929), the Bwana M'Kubwa Company retained Vg interest in any discoveries made (now being Muful i ra and Chambishi, also a recent one—Baluba) as well as the right to find up to 30 per cent of any capital required to finance such discoveries. After November 30, 1929, the Bwana M'Kubwa Co. retains 65 per cent interest (to Apr i l 30, 1935) in the N'Kana grant, as well as the right to sub­scribe 60 per cent of any capital required. The Rhodesian Selection Trust A v i l l retain 25 per cent interest in the N'Kana grant after expiration of their option (November 30, 1929) while the British South Africa Company wi l l own 10 per cent.

CONCESSIONS IN RHODESIA

Some idea of the size of the vast territory that is being exploited, from which the above mentioned properties have already been founded (excepting the deposits known to exist before 1923, but not to the extent as at present known) can be judged from the following concessions that have since been granted.

(Cojttinued on page 43)

Tragedy Vists Home of Alumni President

The sport of every small boy, that o f plaj'ing fireman, cost the life of Donald Stewart, four year old son of Hugh A . Stewart, '12, recently elected president o f the Mines Alumni Association. The Association has extended its sj'mpathy to President Stewart.

Donald died in St. Joseph's Hospital, May 10, shortly before midnight, from burns suffered when he fell in a pit o f hot ashes near his home, 612 G a 5 d o r d St., Denver. His death came after ph5'sicians had tried for more than 24 hours to save him.

Friday evening Donald skipped across the street to play with Richard Gold, 617 Gaylord. Richard proudly dis-pla5'ed his newest plaything—a fire engine big enough to ride in, with miniature ladders to match.

"Gee, let's play firemen," Donald cried. "We can play like that ash pit's a burning house and we have to save the people." The two bo5's placed the ladders against the ash pit and clambered to the top.

Hopping about in the excitement of the new game, Donald suddenly fell thru the hole in the pit. He sank into red-hot ashes above his knees and burned his hands severely.

A neighbor woman, attracted by screams, pulled him out and he was taken to the hospital in a private automobile.

Prominent Russian Professors Visit School of Mmes

T h i r t 5 ' - f i v e thousand engineers A v i l l be needed in Russia A v i t h i n the next f c A V 5'ears, according to D . M . Chijikov and Boris Rosov, scholastic representatives of the U . S. S. R., AA'ho visited the Colorado School of Mines, May 8.

The professors seemed much impressed by the combina­tion of the theoretical and the practical that is in effect at Mines, and AA'ere greatly interested in the geoph5'sical department. They stated that there are but three schools offering geoph5'sics in Europe.

The technical institutions o f the U . S. S. R. are AA'orking overtime to fill the demand for trained engineers, according to the M o s c o A V professors. A class of 100 men attend tech­nical courses for three months and then depart for the field for practical AA'ork AA'hile another 100 men take the theoretical AA'ork. In this w a 5 ' , both professors and stu­dents do double time. As a result of this doubling up process, there are tAA'o graduating classes a 5'ear.

Engineers from the Colorado School of Mines are i n demand in U . S. S. R. said professor Chijikov. There are more than 25 Colorado Mines men engaged in engi­neering projects for the Soviet government, he stated.

They spoke of the five 5'ear development program in­stituted over a 5'ear ago and said 28 per cent of the total development planned had been completed. On this basis the authorities are looking forAA'ard to its completion AA'ithin four 5'ears.

When asked if the AA'orking out of the plan AA'ould not be harder as time AA'ent on. Professor Chijikov pointed out that "it is much more difficult to build a factory than to put it into operation."

They also stated that American engineers seem to be A v e l l

'fitted for AA'ork in so vast a country as the U . S. S. R. "They are used to doing things on a broad scale," said Professor Boris Rosov.

Page Twenty-seven

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magaz.ine

Colorado and its Sehool of Mines By M . R. BUDD , '24

FO L L O W I N G the first meeting of the Territorial Board of Trustees appointed by the Legislature, the

school was ready for the fall term of 1874 with great prospects for a successful 5'ear, Prof. Thomas Eggleston, founder of the Columbia School of Mines, was a visitor to the institution early in August, 1874, and he predicted a bright future for the School of Mines because, as he expressed it, "an almost complete revision of treating processes" was necessitated by Colorado ores.

On September 2, 1874, the University (Jarvis Hal l , Mathews Hal l , School of Mines) was again ready for the influx of new and old students. "Wi th a corps of exper­ienced teachers second to none in the West", the Transcript boastingly predicted an excellent year for the three schools. A n endowment of $20,000 had been just made available for Jarvis Ha l l and the Transcript unhesitatingly called attention to the fact that this should be "The nucleus of the real University of Colorado". T . L . Bellam had been appointed the new principal, coming to Golden from Pitts­burgh, Penns5'lvania.

Students of Jarvis H a l l were accorded the privileges of the School of Mines.

Auspicious opening day exercises for Jarvis H a l l were held on September 2, with many visitors present. Right Rev. Bishop Spaulding presided at an excellent dinner held in the dining room of Jarvis Ha l l . Among the speakers of the occasion were W . A . H . Loveland and Captain Berthoud, representing the School of Mines.

Twenty students registered on opening day and "others are arriving dail5'." The advantages of the institution are recounted by the Transcript with the final sales argument that "the entire charge for attending for a term of twenty weeks, is but $200, and but $30 for day students living in Golden."

It was planned that this date should also mark the open­ing of the School of Mines, but it was necessary to postpone this event until Tuesday, September 15, 1874, according to the first catalog, prepared by Captain Berthoud and printed by George West in the Transcript office.

Matthews H a l l opened with but seven students of whom five were later ordained; this institution had a precarious existence because of lack of funds.

FIRST SESSION SEPTEMBER 15, 1874

The first session of the School of Mines under state control began September 15, 1874, with Professor Mallet in charge. The professor took his duties seriously and a few days before the opening session we read that he made a trip to the Gold H i l l district. Boulder county, to get mineral specimens for school use. His samples included sylvanite, hessite, and petzite.

The faculty was officially announced as follows: E . J . Mallett, Jr., Dean, Theoretical Metallurgy, Chem­

istry; E . L . Berthoud, A . M . , Civi l Engineering, Geology; Richard Pearce, F. G . S., Theoretical & Practical Metal­lurgy; Julius Pohle, Ph.D., Mechanical Preparation of Ores; Francis Schmidt, A . M . , Mathematics, German & Spanish; and Arthur Lakes, Free-hand & Mechanical Draw­ing. W i t h men of the caliber of Richard Pearce, Arthur Lakes, and Captain Berthoud giving instruction, the wonder is that the classrooms were not filled to capacity with in-

Part IX—the first school year

terested 5'oung listeners. Toda5' the three men could entice thousands to their lectures.

Although instruction was given for several months in 1873, the building had not been completed and it was im­possible to give the training in a fitting manner. In 1874, however, the tower had been finished and the lecture room in the third story was ready for occupancy. It was in 1874 that the first catalog was published, which described the advantages of the new institution to the citizens of Colo­rado. It was prepared b5' Captain Berthoud.

A n official three 5'ear course, leading to a diploma award, rather than a degree, was offered, but special students comprised most of the attendance. Thus instruction was offered from the empirical, rather than from the theoretical standpoint, in order to equip properly those students who wished to apply immediately their knowledge in mining and metallurgy. In as much as this t5'pe of student pre­dominated, all courses were of the practical nature, sup­plemented with theory whenever time permitted.

Textbooks were practically unknown, possibly because few students could afford to purchase them. When classes assembled, the note book was brought into play and in this manner textbooks were forgotten. When it was necessary for "frequent reference to textbooks; these can be supplied at New York prices."

M A N Y FIELD TRIPS

Field trips were a very important part of the curriculum. Once a week some object of interest in the vicinity would be visited. The party leader alwa5's prepared copious notes previous to the journey and lectured frequently at the mines, mills, or districts inspected. In this manner, the student was given an excellent general field course in geolog5', especially of the Golden area; also the workings of mines and smelters were not so m5'sterious as they are to many present day freshmen and sophomores. The groups were not divided into classes, but the entire enrollment accompanied the instructors on field tours. Division of curricula was made on the basis of courses; it appears that there were no regular classes until the arrival of Regis Chauvenet in 1883.

EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORIES T o improve class instruction, considerable new apparatus

was purchased for opening of the fall term in 1874. New equipment for the physics laboratory included "Browning's two-prism spectroscope, induction coil, two Queen's mahogany ox5'-h5'drogen stereopticons, upright lantern, etc., large plate electrical machine, powerful bichromate galvanic battery, air pump, silver-plated parabolic reflectors, com­plete photographic outfit, bisulphide prisms, large automatic rotator for geissler tubes, spectrum tubes, nickel-plated microscope, apparatus for electric light in vacuo, an assort­ment of glass positives, goniometer, etc., etc."

The chemical laboratory also boasted new equipment in­cluding "industrial products, apparatus such as Hoffman's large eudio-meters, contemporaiy electric decomposition ap­paratus, decomposing tubes, steam-tight determination ap­paratus, Becker's balances, an assortment of blow-pipes of various forms, Plattner's moulds for blow-pipe use, globes for burning phosphorus, etc., in oxj'gen, diamond mortar,

Page Tiventy-eight

The Colorado School of Mines Ma ga^^in e J U N E 1930

Geissler and Mohr's burrettes, hydrometers, rare metals for spectroscopes, all necessary apparatus for qualitative and quantitative anal5'sis, etc."

Regular class room instruction was given throughout the term in the small quarters provided, but courses offered embodied laboratory methods, rather than pure theory. Among the courses taught were; metallurg5', mining, min-' eralogy, geology, mining engineering, mathematics, theoreti­cal and applied chemistry, chemical anal5'sis, wet and dry assa5'ing, blow-pipe anal5'sis, free hand and mechanical, drawing, German, Spanish and photograph5'.

It is not known whether or not any of the students of 1874 were enrolled for the three 5'ear term; from all in­dications there was no one so inclined. The catalog gives very little attention to this feature of the curriculum, stress­ing practicality in classroom and field trips. A local modi­fication of the Freiburg S5'stem of instruction was decided upon for the regular tours which were "rendered possible through the hearty cooperation of our leading metallurgists and mining companies, who thus generousls' afford unusual facilities for the intelligent prosecution of empirical study."

A R T H U R L A K E S

A feature of this tj'pe of instruction, overlooked in this day of the automobile, was the "healthful exercise in the pure air of the mountains." A tempting finish was put to this paragraph with the statement that, "The graduate . . . . is prepared to assume one of the many responsible and lucra­tive positions continually created by the mining interests of the Territory."

Because of the small amount of state and private funds available, expenses of instruction in a great measure, were borne by the students. There was a fee of $55 for the first term, $55 for the second, and $40 for the third, making a total of $150 tuition for the whole course. Special courses required additional fees as follows: Anal5'tical chemistry, $135; assa5'ing and blow-pipe anal5'sis, $40; photography, $25; and from $10 to $15 per course of lectures for special students.

Other expenses were considerable. Board, room, laundry, etc. was available at Matthews H a l l for $8 per week, but mining students, not being under the control ,of the church.

could live in the City of Golden; this feature accounts for the large attendance of Golden students. The first term in 1874 began on September 15 and closed December 24; the second term was from January 8, 1875 to Apr i l 2; and the third from Apri l 10 to June 30.

COAL MINING FEATURED

Coal mining was one of the first subjects considered, chiefly because of the deposits in the vicinity of Golden (many alumni remember the White Ash Mine which was operated for man5' 5'ears under the bed of Clear Creek). Again we must disagree with the previous history of the school, wherein it is noted that tests of Colorado coals were made in 1871. The tests were made in 1874 and are recorded in the Transcript of October 14, 1874. A few weeks later, W . N . B5'ers of the News sent the school some samples to be anal5'zed.

That famous "bread and butter course", fire assaying, alwa5's a feature of the Mines curriculum, was offered for the first time on Monday, October 19, 1874. A series of lectures on geology was started on October 22 by Captain Berthoud.

Then came another of the wild stampedes of gold-crazed men. This time it was Clear Creek and prospectors swarmed over the valley in an attempt to get some of the precious metal. Small mines were opened with little suc­cess, however, but the students were given an opportunity to see operations when W . A . H . Loveland conducted a group over the region on December 6, 1874.

Just before the close of the 5'ear, preparations were made for the baseball season of 1875. The club was again organized with Captain Smith, President; F . W . Loveland, Secretary; and Harry L . Clark, Treasurer.

Captain Smith must have smiled with joy on June 9, 1875, when his I X L ball team, representing Golden and the "University," handed the Central City nine a 26-4 drubbing in five innings.

PROF. E . J . M A L L E T RESIGNS Early in 1875, E . J . Mallet resigned as professor in

charge of the Colorado School of Mines. Answering Den­ver's repeated demands for a mining school. Professor Mallet announced the opening of a private mining college in Denver on August 18, 1875. This was supported by the Denver papers, who according to Captain West, based their arguments "on the premise that the school at Golden is dead." What became of Mallet's school is not known. Apparentl5', it did not open its doors, although a catalog was printed.

In the meantime, the 5'oung school at Golden prospered, if we interpret the word "prospered" a trifle in the figura­tive. The charge for assa5's was announced as follows: Silver, $1.00; gold and silver, $1.50; copper and silver, $2.00; lead, $2.00. It wi l l be remembered that much of the territorial assa5'ing was done by the School.

On July 7, Jarvis H a l l completed its fifth 5'ear and was recognized as the outstanding educational institution in the territory.

A n inventory of the School of Mines during the vacation period disclosed an excellent library. Some of the books listed at the time were; "Mining Statistics of the Terri­tories"; "Prof. Hayden's Reports"; "Botany of Colorado", Coue's "North American Birds", "Flora of the Dekota Group."

PROFESSOR BOARD T A K E S CHARGE In the meantime—on March 17, to be exact'—Prof.

Gregory Board, a graduate of the Ro5'al School of Mines, London, took charge of the School. His qualifications are noted as follows by the Transcript reporter:

Page Twenty-nine

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine

"Professor Board comes with high recommendations from the hest Icnown scientific men of England, and that his education has been regular, not fitful—is attested by several diplomas. He holds one from the Birkbeck School of Science and Art, London, where he was graduated in chemistry and mineralogy, and taught classes in the latter science. He holds another from the Royal School of Mines, London, where he was graduated in chemistry, physics, geology, and mineralogy, and a third from the British Museum, in which he had charge of the department of minerals. So far as an education is concerned, therefore, he comes well furnished to occupy his responsible position, and from what we have seen 6f the man we imagine he w i l l not be more nice than wise, but wi l l take hold of the work that comes to hand with a fu l l determination of doing it promptly and well."

The Mines, Metals and Arts, of St. Louis, in noting the fact that Professor Gregory Board had taken charge of the Colorado School of Mines says this: "From an outline of the ground to be gone over in the forthcoming spring course, we are still of the opinion that the Colorado School of Mines wi l l become the principal school in special metal­lurgy for the United States. We in Missouri cannot be surpassed in the opportunities possessed in our St. Louis School of Mines, and the Rolla School of Mines, for a wide, well-based education in general practical metallurgy. T o this end no greater facilities need be desired than we already, or soon wil l have. But for a line of metallurgical treatment that is not exactly anomalous, still outside of the experience and practice of any of the older schools, Colo­rado wi l l have to frame a curriculum to meet her own requirements in the manipulation of the vast quantities of valuable ores of complicated composition, that necessarily involve an ore treatment which wi l l be intricate, but essen­tial as a means of recovery of even the gold and silver, setting aside the copper, lead, etc."

Captain Cole Wil l Leave

CAPT. HESTON R. COLE, U . S. A .

Captain Heston R. Cole, U. S. A., tuho has been luith the Mines R.O.T.C. for four years ivill be transferred to Louisville^ Kentucky follonving the six weeks camp now being held at Fort Logan. Captain Cole has done much for the Mines Unit. The highest praise is due him.

Bulletin on Gravity Concen­tration is Translated

A n excellent translation of Josef Finkey's treatise, "The Scientific Fundamentals of Gravity Concentration" has been published as a Bulletin of the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy.

The original treatise, published in German in 1924, was ably reviewed in the Engineering and Mining Journal-Press of August 30, 1924 by Rudolf Gahl who quoted the gist of the authors preface:

"The existing textbooks o f ore dressing, with the possible exception of Rittenger's now antiquated book, deal essen­tially with ore dressing machines and auxiliary apparatus in a descriptive way and skip over the phj'sics of ore dress­ing processes. A study of the phj'sical fundamentals is not only necessary to the man who wants to understand the principles of the processes and the manner in which the machines and apparatus A v o r k , but particularly to the prac­tical operator who is anxious to obtain the highest efficiency of his machines, both from the technical and commercial standpoint".

Professor Finkej^'s treatise is largely confined to a math­ematical exposition o f gravity concentration processes and he utilizes the previous experimental works of Richards. Stokes, Wagoner, Rittenger, and others to interpret his de­ductions. Of necessity. Professor Finkey employs higher mathematics throughout his work, and he uses hyperbolic functions to express his various conclusions.

The author derives equations for the mechanics of gravity concentration including the dynamic action o f a stream of water against solids of various shapes and conditions, the free fall of spherical solid bodies in still water, the motion of a spherical body in a vertical stream of water, and the movement of a spherical body in a stream of water flowing over an inclined plane. ^

He utilizes these basic equations for deducting the prin­ciples of screening and classifying according to settling rates and for the more complex processes of jigging and tabling. Due to the complexity of some of the equations. Professor Finkey has derived some simplified forms which hold for practical operation.

In addition to the derivation of fundamental equations, the treatise contains many observations and conclusions re­garding gravity concentration practice, particularly European practice. This should be o f value to the operator who is attempting to better his present results.

It is fitting that this work be published at the present time when many of the large mining companies are ex­panding their research programs, as it gives the research workers a sound mathematical analysis of the laws under­lying classification, jigging, and tabling processes.

The tremendous growth of the flotation process has, it is true, largely superseded gravity concentration in the metal field, but there remains the vast field of coal preparation and those metallic and non-metallic ores which lend them­selves best to a combination of flotation and gravity con­centration processes.

The Colorado School of Mines' Quarterly, "The Trend of Flotation" written by Arthur J . Weinig and Irving A . Palmer, gives much of the data desired by operators where flotation Processes are being used. This manual and the one on gravity concentration should prove a valuable combination.

Page Thirty

The Colorado School of Mines Ma ga z.i n e J U N E 1930

Mines ' greatest halfback for many a season is graduated. F loyd Carr , the flashy bal l carrier who for three years put color into the otherwise dul l and gray picture of Mines ' athletics. The Campus says, "So long, F l o y d , see you again some day."

T e d Say, a Senior who has shown plenty of stuff as a guard in the Mine r s ' forward w a l l . Say is now an Alumnus ,

This is " M i k e " Mercer , the 1930 Tennis Champ. A s far as tennis goes, he has reigned supreme on the Campus fo r sev­eral years. H e is graduated now, and someone else may have a chance.

Being a cheer leader at Mines sometimes is a cheerless job. B u t no matter how disheartening the score might have been, these three men, Bowie , Bench and Bennett, could always stir up plenty enthusiasm. Bowie and Bench were both graduated M a y 16.

Page Thirty-one

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Mag-al-lne

MINERS E V E R Y W H E R E !

Let Us Serve Your Needs

Engineers' Supplies, Books and Magazines

Robinson's Book Store

Golden Colorado

The Rubey National Bank of

Golden

The Miners' Bank

Thoroughly Reliable and

Competent

More Power to Mines

and

Golden

Colorado Central Power Co,

Golden, Colorado

Golden Fire Brick Co.

One of Golden's Mineral

Industries

Golde Colorado

Long Beach, Cal i f . , M a y 6, 1930.

Dear Colburn:—• T h e Ed i to r and contributors to the

Magaz ine are to be congratulated upon the fine material that goes into the M a g a ­zine. I am glad to learn that the num­ber of subscribers is growing.

I was fortunate i n being able to attend the dinner given to the members of the Petroleum T r i p i n Los Angeles several weeks ago. It was good to see a f ew old faces again and to hear the latest news f rom the campus.

Ve ry truly, R. C . DiEHL, '26.

Buenos Ai res , M a y 1st, 1930.

Dear Clare;—• I received the list of old "1905". I

decide that "the old gray mare, she ain't what she used to be"^—on looking the list over. A few are sti l l mining, but a lot of us have back sl id and come up on top f o r air . I am sorry I cannot be in at the 25th class reunion. Since leaving school I have seen only six of the men on the list you sent.

Y o u w i l l observe I am somewhat re­mote ; l i v i n g in Buenos A i r e s and being manager of the Argentine or South A m e r i c a n divis ion of our company. M y f a m i l y is here wi th me—except my son who is just finishing his Sophomore year at the Univers i ty of M i c h i g a n .

T h i s is just a hasty note to let you know your message reached me. Best regards to you and al l the rest.

Sincerely, DOUGLAS M U I R , '05.

M a z a p i l Copper Company, Ltd. , San E l ig io , Zacatecas,

Via—^Concepcion del Oro, Zacatecas, Mexico .

Dear Colburn:—• Just a few^ lines to greet you and wish

you and your associates all kinds of suc­cess wi th the Magaz ine , which has cer­tainly been received wi th "harto gusto", which means mighty darned glad to get it and only wish it were published more often.

Manufacturers of

"National" Brands Safety Fuse for use in all Blasting Operations

Brands

Sylvanite W h i t e M o n a r c h

Black Monarch Bear

Whi t e Aztec Black Aztec

Double Tape T r i p l e T ape

T h e Nat iona l Fuse & P o w d e r C o . Denver, Colorado Established 1900

Rocky Mounta in Dis t r ibutors—Cordeau-Bickford Detonating Fuse for

deep wel l blasdng.

However , also wish to f o r w a r d you my new change of address to the above location, next to the mine in which I have been work ing since graduation, two years ago. Before changing, however, took a month's vacation, part ly spent in M o n ­terrey and mostly in San Antonio. In Monterrey met up wi th Pablo Sada, the Count of Monter rey ; had a good time and engaged in the gentle art of s l inging ye olde bull , mostly about the days we spent in Golden.

Pablo tells me that the Mines Chapter in Monterrey is planning a celebration and round up of the Mines M e n i n M e x ­ico on the night after Commencement and if such is the case w i l l sure do my darned­est to be down there.

H a v i n g no doubt that Mines Magaz ine w i l l continue to prosper i n the future as Avell as it has done in the past and hoping to receive it soon, w i th best wishes, I remain,

Sincerely, LEONIDES G O N Z A L E Z B . , '28.

N U G G E T S IN OUR P A Y S T R E A K

N'Changa , v i a Ndo la Northern Rhodesia, A f r i c a

A p r i l 3, 1930 The Edi tor , Coloirado School of Mines Magaz ine Dear E d . ,

Please change my address as given above.

Thanks. I like the Magaz ine . Good luck.

Yours very truly,

D . W . B U T N E R , '15

Alaska Road Commission, Chi t ina , A l a s k a .

Deat^Mr. Colburn:—• It*was my intention to make an early

reply to. your last letter but have been busily engaged in t ravel ing and prepar­ing fo r the return to the Nor th that this Was neglected.

I am with the Ala ska Road Commission on road construction as Assistant E n g i ­neer. T h e work which we are engaged in w i l l open up some of the most promis­ing looking mineral country in the v i c i n ­ity of the famous Kennecott Mines , and eventually w i l l f o rm a part of what we hope w i l l be a h ighway to the Uni ted States proper through Canada.

B i l l s are now before Congress for a prel iminary reconnaisance of the proposed route, and a little interest by the people in the "States", at this time would mean that the "Pacif ic International H i g h w a y " would be a reality in a very few years.

T h e Magaz ine is in a class by itself among College and A l u m p i publications.

Sincerely and fraternal ly,

W M . J. NIEMI , '26.

P / i / i e T h i r t v - i n v o

The Colorado School of Mines Maga'^ine J U N E 1930

On Board Grace Liner ,

Santa R i t a ,

A p r i l 12, 1930. Dear Colburn:—•

It is too hot to do anything but write. E v e n too hot to go to bed. W e are pu l l ­ing into Guayaqui l , Ecuador and spend Sunday there. Expect to boil and melt.

W h i l e at Packacayo, Peru, which is the present ra i l road point f r o m which new and future developments of the Cerro de Pasco Company w i l l be made, I was wi th a bunch of 13 engineers who came down to survey a new ra i l road line f r o m Packacayo to new coal mines and ore mines now being developed by Cerro de Pasco. They were a l l quartered i n a remodeled Hacienda which was modern in every respect. They were there being outfitted for about three months work up to an elevation of over 15,000 ft. in the Andes. Packacayo is only about 10,000 ft . T h e y were being kept there fo r over a week in order to get used to the altitude and avoid seroche, or the altitude sick­ness, which is apt to result f rom too rapid an ascent into high altitudes.

Each man was to be furnished wi th six mules and two "cholos" or natives. T h a t meant two mules per man, but "cholos" can out-walk a mule in the mountains so were along largely to take care of each man's mules, equipment and look out fo r his comfort and convenience.

T h e y w i l l camp out at higher and higher altitudes wi th shelter tents only. They have sleeping bags, etc. It w i l l get cold, but they do not have the blizzards or extreme cold that we do in the Rockies. Zero F . is unknown in Pe ruv ian Andes.

F rom the comfortable seat of an Engl i sh saddle on a very excellent r id ing horse we watched these green engineers pick their mules and equipment and prac­tice r id ing on them. A s the boss said, they all had to be bucked off a f ew times. W e saw the chap who had the finest out­fit, including a six quart Stetson, bucked off into the mud on the top of a bluff overlooking a turbulent mountain stream. I f he had gone over the bluff into that stream, he would have had slight chances, but as it was only his pride and fine out­fit suffered.

I would like to have gone wi th one of the parties for a f ew days, but time and equipment d id not permit. T h e y w i l l have a great job and see a lot of very wonderfu l scenery. A n d , incidentally, they w i l l be considerably harder and tougher when they get through.

Saw and visited R. C . Philpott, E x -Mines , who is Supt. of Mines at Cerro de Pasco. Also saw G . C. Weaver , '26, who has just about completed a three year contract and is in charge of chemical and assay laboratories at Cerro de Pasco. H e expects to leave soon and return to the IT. S. A . by way of Paris , France.

Yours truly,

A . E . ANDERSON , '0+.

Ber l in , Germany, M a y 5, 1930.

Dear Mr. Colburn:—

A m wr i t i ng to in fo rm you that I 'm on my way to Siberia, around near Chi ta and Irkutsko. A m work ing for U . S. S. R. as mine superintendent. L e f t N e w Y o r k in such a hurry that I d id not get the Magaz ine , but w i l l you please send it to the new address; c/o Tzvetmetzoloto,

Centr-Vetoshnyi, Per 15, Moscow, U . S. S. R .

Be l i ev ing that some of our boys w i l l be crossing over to Russia, would like to make a few suggestions that may save time and trouble;

1st: B r i n g as little as possible into the country. B u y your necessities i n Ber­l in or Russia. M a n y things are dutiable.

2nd : Russian and Pol i sh visas are gotten in Be r l i n en route and to save worry and time have some travel agency, as Cook's or Hamburg A m e r i c a n Line, get your visas for you at very little extra cost. T h e y can get these for you in half an hour whereas i t would require us a day or more and presence at their office in the meantime.

3rd : Ve ry litle money can be taken out of the country, so get your salaries deposited in an Amer ican Bank.

4th; Get sleeper accommodations on trains two or three days pr ior to leaving B e r l i n .

5th; Buy a Soviet Guide Book (a 1930 edition) in Be r l i n f r o m Cook's Agency. Contains data fo r hotels, restaurants, trains, instructions on entering country.

That 's a l l I can think of now, but w i l l have more to say later. There are cer­tainly a great many Amer ican engineers entering U . S. S. R. Have met over half a dozen going i n this week.

W a s destined for Russian Turbestan, but rerouted to Siberia where climatic conditions are s imilar to A l a s k a , my former stamping grounds. A m in the States G o l d Trus t Branch and Non-Ferrous Bureaus.

Best regards.

Yours truly,

C L A R E N C E POY , '24.

Tsaokiatu, Shanghai, China M a r c h 27, 1930

Prof . J. H . Johnson Colorado School of Mines . Dea r Professor Johnson;

I wish to thank you fo r your k ind f avo r of January 9. It is a great pleasure to hear something f r o m Mines , my A l m a Mater . President Coolbaugfi, D r . V a n T u y l , and D r . Shimer of M . I . T . have also written to me in response to my lately published article. I feel very much enlightened in my work by the interest shown by them.

A m o n g the Mines men in China , M r . Albe r t W o n g is now heading a coal min­ing concern and doing wonderfu l ly wel l

in spite of the difficulties he encounters. M r . Ja rv i s H u a n g has worked in K a i -L a n Mines since his return to China . Mos t of the Mines men are ga in ing their r igh t fu l places in the min ing industry, though not by leaps and bounds, yet they are advancing steadily and firmly. T h i s is one news item among many which I am very proud to relate.

A s I understand. Mines has done some research work i n geophysics. I f there are any recent publications of Mines regard­ing this subject, I should like to buy some copies. If convenient, k indly tell me where and how to procure such.

Best regards.

Yours most respectfully, H s i e n - M i n M e n g

Houston Section

On Saturday, M a y 10, the regular elec­tion of officers fo r the Houston section was held, at which time M r . A . G . W o l f , '07, was elected president.

M r . W o l f is wi th the Texas G u l f Sul­phur Company and is located i n the Second Nat ional Bank Bu i ld ing .

V . M . Peck, '23 was elected secretary and treasurer. Address—508 W i l l a r d Street.

T h e fo l lowing men were present: D . M . Davis , '25; G . R. Brown , '22;

A . G . W o l f , '07; A . L . Ladner, '27; C . H . Fenton, '23; V . M . Peck, '23.

D u r i n g the summer months, meetings w i l l be held on the Rice Hotel Roof at 1:00 P. M . , the second Saturday of each month.

Monterrey Section

The Monterrey Section held an " A l l -Mexico Meet ing ," M a y 17 at the M o n ­terrey Foreign Club. E v e r y Mines M a n in Mexico was extended a special i n v i ­tation to be present.

In a way, this meeting supplemented the b ig annual meeting in Denver . M a n y Mines men located in Mexico , unable to get back to Golden for commencement, were able to attend the " A l l - M e x i c o Mee t ing" at Monterrey.

A report of the meeting has not yet reached the Magazine , but there is no doubt but what the boys in Mexico had a b ig time i n Monterrey that Saturday night.

TORSION BALANCE and

Magnetometer Surveys

G E O R G E S T E I N E R P E T R O L E U M B L D G . — H O U S T O N , T E X A S

and P E T R O L E U M S E C U R I T I E S B L D G . — L O S A N G E L E S , C A L I F O R N I A

Report by Sole American Representative Donald C . Barton Suss Visua l—Suss Rybar Automatic

Consult ing Geologist and Geophysicist To r s ion Balances

Pane Thirty-three

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magaz.int

Charles R. IVraith, '11, has accepted the position of superintendent fo r the copper smelter to be built by Roan Ante­lope Copper Mines , L td . H e is i n the Uni ted States on a business and pleasure trip, hay ing come over f r o m London early in A p r i l .

Otis Keough, '21, sailed "in A p r i l fo r Jugo-Slavia where he is to be m i l l super­intendent for the Trepca Mines L td .

Lynn W. Storm, '02, geologist for the Sun O i l Company, was in Houston re­cently on professional business. Storm has temporary headquarters at Hunts­v i l le , Texas . H i s f ami ly resides at 2107 Netches St., Aus t in , Texas .

Fred C. Bond, '22, w i l l be w i th the Publ ic Service Company in Denver fo r the summer as a designer.

Dr. A. S. Adams, '27, is one of the latest T a u Beta P i pledges. I f the smile on the prof's face is any indication, he is more than pleased about it.

/ . F. Frost, '25, has been transferred to Charcas, San Luis Patosi, Mexico . Frost has been wi th the A m e r i c a n Smelt­i ng and Ref ining Company since his graduation in 1925. H e was Asst. Supt. of the Hayden (Ar izona) plant fo r three years. H i s latest address is care of Compania M i n e r a Asarco, S. A .

Ben Angus, '29, who has been in Los Angeles wi th the Radiore Company, was

T e l l i n g the News of Golden and the

School of Mines

SINCE 1866

COLORADO TRANSCRIPT Give Yourself a Weekly Present f r o m

the O l d C a m p u s — $ 2 . 5 0 per Year

K E E P POSTED ON GOLDEN

through

T h e

Jefferson County Republican

crsom a Golden visi tor for several weeks. Ben w i l l leave shortly for Russia to represent his company as a geologist on a contract they are undertaking for the U . S. S. R .

William E. {"Bill") Pugh, '30, left Golden fo l lowing commencement exercises fo r a few weeks' vis i t in his home town, Wil l iamspor t , Pennsylvania. He w i l l re­turn to Colorado June 2 and w i l l be en­gaged in geophysical work fo r the Plains Explora t ion Company in the eastern part of the State.

Harry Chinn, '30, w i l l leave soon fo r W o o d R ive r , I l l inois where Glenn "Bud" Stephens, '27 is already stationed.

Jatnes A. Clark, '21, assistant field superintendent for the Lago Petroleum Company, Maraca iba , Venezuela, is i n the States on a vis i t and at present is in W y o m i n g .

Ralph Jensen, Ex- '32, who left Mines a year ago to work i n Panama, has re­turned and w i l l complete his course.

James F. Frost, '25, who has been Assistant Superintendent, Amer i can Smelt­ing & Refining Company at Hayden, A r i z o n a , has been transferred to Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico .

Gustave W. t^oehel, '11, sends in a change of address f r o m E l Paso, Texas to Box 583, Morenc i , A r i z o n a .

W. Ray Cox, '02, after 18 years of Government employment has resigned his position as M i n i n g Engineer in the F ie ld Service of the U . S. Genera l L a n d Office and has opened his own office as Consult­ing M i n i n g Engineer in the Lewis B u i l d ­ing, 271 Oak Street, Port land, Oregon.

D. Moreno, '22, Engineer wi th the Chi le Explora t ion Company, has been trans­ferred to Chuquicamata, Chile , V i a -Antofogasta .

John A. Poiilin, '21, and Thomas L. Donovan, Ex- '26, have recently joined the Engineer ing staff of A p u r e Venezuela Petroleum Corporat ion and are located at P l aza Flores, Puerta Cabello, Venezuela, S. A .

Sam S. Coldren, Ex- '26, who has been M i n e Superintendent, C i a . M i n e r a de Santiago y Anexas at Tlaquil tenango, Mexico , is another Mines man who has gone to Russia. H i s address there w i l l be Uraltsvetmet, Sverdlovsk, U . S. S. R.

U . S. FOUNDRIES, Inc. A. C. HOVEY, Pres. and Gen. Mgr. 3975 Williams Street, Denver

Carbon and Al loy Steel Castings For mantles and liners for ball mills

M O L L Y - C h r o m e gives service far superior to any other castings on the market.

Our specialty is

MOLLY-Chrome S T E E L C A S T I N G S

Joe McNeill, '28, has been transferred to the Pittsburg office of the Ingersoll-Rand Company.

Sidney A. Mewhirter, '17, left for Russia the early part of M a y where he w i l l be Enginer for the Soviet Gove rn ­ment. H i s address is Tsvetmetzoloto, Centr. Vetoshny, Per 15, Moscow, U . S. S. R.

Arthur D. Davis, '22, who is wi th the Amer ican Smelting & Refining Company has been transferred to A r i o de Resales, Michoacan, Mexico , postoffice address be­ing Apar tado No. 19.

Charles W. Desgrey, '26, who has been Engineer fo r the Uni ted States Gypsum Company at Plasterco, V i r g i n i a , was re­cently transferred to W y o m i n g to take charge of their plant at Laramie . He and M r s . Desgrey are residing at 709 Ivinson Avenue. One of their first Sundays after their return to the West was spent in a trip to Golden.

Glenn L. Shepherd, '26, Engineer fo r the Empire Companies has been trans­ferred to Tu l sa , Oklahoma, his residence address being 521 So. E lwood Street.

Vernon M. Peck, '23, who is associated wi th Ingersoll-Rand Company, has been transferred f r o m Dal las to Houston, Texas. H i s residence address there is 508 W i l l a r d Street. A t a recent meeting of the Houston Section of the A l u m n i Association he was elected Secretary-Treasurer .

Leroy T. Brown, '26, lef t for Cuba re­cently where he has accepted a position wi th the M i n a s de Matahambre, S. A . at Matahambre, Province de P ina r del Rio .

Frank M. Estes, '02, who has been in Mexico wi th the Dolores Esperanza Cor­poration is now associated wi th the Elec­tric Bond & Share Company, No. 2 Rector Street, N e w Y o r k , N . Y .

John F. Purdum, '30, is now connected wi th the O i l W e l l Supply Company in the capacity of Engineer and for the next two months w i l l be located at O i l Ci ty, Penna.

Commencement season might be termed "the marry ing time of the year" f rom the number of this year's graduates who have started their marr ied l i fe along wi th their professional careers.

Carl A. Blaurock, '16, of Denver , Manufac turer of Dental Golds, has time to go on h ik ing trips occasionally. H e recently presented an illustrated lecture on the beauties of the W i n d R i v e r Range, W y o m i n g under the auspices of the Colo­rado Mounta in Club. T h e photographic slides were made by Blaurock and a party of fr iends dur ing a trip they made to W y o m i n g .

Marshall J. Sayers, '29, has accepted a position wi th the Pittsburgh Coal C o m ­pany and is doing research work on flota­tion at one of their washing plants. H e is residing at 412 West Lincoln Avenue, M c D o n a l d , Penna.

Herbert E. Merryman, '95, is doing en­gineering work for the Seminoe Mines at Rawl ins , W y o m i n g .

Pane Thirtv-iour

The Colorado School of Mines Maga-^ine

Charles S. Pike, Ex- '29, who is asso­ciated wi th the Amer ican Smelting & Re­fining Company was recently transferred to their Santa E u l a l i a M i l l , his address now being Apar tado No. 63, Chihuahua, Chih . , Mexico .

C. M. Boero, '28, who has been con­nected wi th the A m e r i c a n Smelting & Ref in ing Company at P a r r a l , Chih. , Mexico , since graduation returned recent­ly f r o m the Santa M a r i a del Oro district, Durango, where he went on mine exam­ination work. D u r i n g the year 1929 he was engineer for one of the properties of the company at P a r r a l and in charge of surveying fo r one end of a cross cut tunnel 2300 feet long dr iven f r o m both ends. T h e connection was practically perfect. T w o other engineers took part in the job; one of them surveying the opposite end and the other as chief en­gineer.

Charles H. Stewart, '25, formerly Geologist for the N a v a r r o O i l Company, Houston, is now associated wi th C . A r m ­strong Price, Consulting Geologist of Houston.

T a l k of calculus, torsion balance, and stratigraphy is the usual order in the l ib ra ry at Mines but baby talk had its say dur ing the commencement exercises. M a y 16. T h e Dames club, composed of the wives and mothers of men registered for a degree, played hostess to the small relatives of the graduates who had ac­companied their mothers to Guggenheim H a l l .

Q. D . Singewald, former Mines P ro ­fessor and who is associated wi th the U . S. Geological Survey, a r r ived in Golden, M a y 26. Professor Singewald, now a member of the staff of Rochester Univers i ty plans to spend the summer in Colorado.

Prof , and M r s . Ph i l l i p Shannon visited old f r iends at Mines , M a y 27. T h e Shannon's w i l l return to Colombia, S. A . , later in the summer.

Classmates of T . L . "Pat" Regan, '28, w i l l be sorry to hear of the death of his mother, M r s . E l l en Regan, M a y 10, at Denver.

B I R T H S

John Pau l Serviss announces that he is the new Boss at the home of his parents, M r . and M r s . Fred L . Serviss. He weighed nine pounds and ten ounces when he arr ived on M a y 2nd so already gives promise for M I N E S football squad twenty years hence.

A son was born on A p r i l 19 to M r . and M r s . Randolph K . Tracey. Tracey is a member of the Class of 1928, and is a petroleum engineer fo r the Humble O i l and Ref ining Co. T h e Traceys l ive at 1918 McDuf f i e St., Houston, Texas .

M r . and M r s . A r c h Boyd now have a son, born to them M a r c h 13, 1930 in Chi le . The young man w i l l not be eligible for the presidency of the Uni ted States, but at his early age, that isn't wor ry ing h im much.

Clayton Kerr, '30, and M i s s M a r y E . Markey , both of Golden, were marr ied the afternoon of commencement and are honeymooning in Texas. K e r r , a K a p p a Sig, w i l l be wi th the Texas Explora t ion Company after June 1.

John H. Bell, '30, S.P.E., and M i s s Esther Hovey were marr ied i n Denver, M a y 21 and left fo r C a l i f o r n i a i n John's new car, a graduation present. M i s s Hovey attended D . U . and belonged to the P i P h i group.

0. C. Kinney, '30 and M i s s Marga re t C la rk were marr ied at St. John's in Denver, June 17. T h e Kinneys , who have been sweethearts since grammar school days, w i l l make their home in Detroit. M i s s C la rk is a D . U . graduate and a Sigma K a p p a ; "J iggs" belongs to S.P.E.

George Playter and M i s s Louise Baker, were marr ied at St. Barnabas church, in Denver, M a y 21, and have gone to C a l i ­forn ia to make their home. M i s s Baker is a D . U . graduate and Sigma K a p p a and her husband is a member of the P h i Del ta Theta fraternity.

T h e marriage of Frederico Videgaray and M i s s lone Murphy , St. M a r y ' s Academy graduate, was another com­mencement announcement. Videgaray is a star athlete at Mines and P h i Lambda A l p h a member. H e and his bride have gone to Monterrey, Mexico, to l ive .

R. J. Forsyth, Ex- '29, and M i s s Jessie Johnston were married at For t W o r t h , Texas on M a y 8. Forsyth is a member of the S. A . E . fraterni ty and left Mines two years ago to accept a position wi th the Independent O i l and Gas Company.

A December wedding was revealed in the announcement of the marriage of Louis C. Rubin, '27, and Eleanor Cod-dington, both of Denver .

Herbert Kim, '28, has joined the ranks of Mines mari ' ied men. K i m , a native of K o r e a , was marr ied in N e w Y o r k City, A p r i l 19. H e and his bride, a Jewish g i r l , are departing fo r Siberia in the near future where, K i m writes, he w i l l have an opportunity to serve thousands of Oriental laborers in his mining work.

News was recently received f r o m South A m e r i c a that William A. Austin, '27, was marr ied down there the first part of M a y . " B i l l " left wi th his bride on a big "Paseo" to the States after which he plans to return to Rancagua, Chile , where he is associated wi th the Braden Copper Company.

T h e same letter also disclosed the news that Patrick M. Kinney, '27, was marr ied the latter part of A p r i l . "Pat 's" contract is up, but he plans to stay at Rancagua a year over.

Harry Strong another '30 man, and Miss D i x i e Wal l ace were marr ied M a y 29 in their home town, Denver . The i r s is another romance of long standing having started the day they started West H i g h School. Strong and his bride w i l l leave after June 15 for Houston, Texas where he w i l l be associated wi th the Shell O i l Company as a chemical engi­neer.

J U N E 1930,

T h e East comes West to get a line on what the Ea r th has been doing. Cornelius Dahm, student assistant in the depart­ment of geophysics of St. Louis U n i v e r ­sity, lef t Monday to join the Colorado School of Mines geological surveying party at W i l d Horse Park near Pueblo. T h e W i l d Horse section offers an un-equaled opportunity for geological study as an unusual number of formations are exposed in this mountainous park.

Storage Tanks For Gasoline, O i l and kindred pro­ducts. A i r Compressor Tanks , Sheet and plate construction of a l l kinds. Complete stock of sheets and plates in Denver Warehouse.

E a t o n M e t a l P r o d u c t s C o .

Denver Colorado

United Verde Copper Go.

Mines at Jerome, Arizona

Smelter and Concentrator

Clarkdale, Arizona

C l i m a x , C o l o .

I n s p i r a t i o n

C o n s o l i d a t e d C o p p e r

C o m p a n y

New York Office, 25 Broadway

Mines and Plants

Inspiration, Gila Co., Arizona

L I N D R O O T H . S H U B A R T & C O . BOSTON BLDG., DENVER, COLORADO

B E L T C O N V E Y O R S

S I L E N T C H A I N D R I V E S

O R E F E E D E R S

BATTERY AND TROLLEY LOCOMOTIVES

C O A L C U T T I N G M A C H I N E S

POWER TRANSMISSION MACHINERY

F A S T ' S F L E X I B L E C O U P L I N G S

Paae Thirty-five

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma ga-^in e

New Mechanics Department IS Organized

As one of the new and progressive steps in engineering education, a department of mechanics has been organized at the Colorado School of Mines, according to information from the faculty curriculum committee given out recently. Dr . A . S. Adams wi l l have charge of the newly organized department. He wi l l be assisted by professors from the departments of civil engineering, mathematics and mechani­cal engineering.

DR. A R T H U R S. ADAMS^ '27

The department of mechanics, organized by the recom­mendation of the curriculum committee, wi l l correlate more closely certain of the School of Mines courses, it is believed. The following courses wi l l be included in this department, analytical mechanics, thermo-dynamics, hy­draulics, and vector analysis. These subjects include in theoretical phases the mechanics of particle and rigid bodies, the mechanics of elastic bodies, mechanics of fluids, and the mechanics of gases.

"The criticism that American engineering schools are inferior to European technical schools often comes to us," said President Coolbaugh. "This, however, relates to fundamental training only, for we are confident that Ameri­can engineering schools are superior in training operating engineers. W i t h the placing of theoretical mechanics in one department and under one head in the American schools, it is believed by many engineering educators that our engineering institutions wi l l not only be recognized as the equal of the European technical schools but wi l l be considered as surpassing their achievements. In doing this the American institutions wi l l lose none of their outstand­ing features which now characterize them."

It is believed that the organization of the department of mechanics at the Colorado School of Mines wi l l result in a closer relationship of the subjects to be taught in this department with the practical courses in the various phases of engineering training now being given. Heretofore, the various subjects have been distributed among the several departments.

Annual Alumni Banquet (Coutirtued jrijvi page i p )

1930 to the altar of success. You wi l l understand my modesty in claiming that no other class is so good, or near, nor has scored so highly in life's affairs as the Class of 1905, but for all of that we may take stock of the changes that have taken place in the foundation of science during these twenty-five 5'ears. You wi l l recall that instructors were trained in the thought of Herbert Spencer's day when all of the physical laws stood revealed to man, and future generations might toy with details, and count the rivets in the structure of the Universe. When we graduated we were sure of our ground. And 5'et this assurance' has been swept away. We suffer from a deluge of uncoordinated facts, our minds are overwhelmed with sciences breeding and multipl5'ing into a specialistic chaos for the want of a Newton, or another genius of S5'nthetic thought or a unif5'-ing philosophy. It is be5'ond me to give a S5'mposium of the changes that have taken place in science in these 5'ears, but many may be noted . . .

"The chief condition of happiness, barring certain phj'si­cal defects, is the life of reason, the specific glory and attribute of man. The greatest of external aids to happi­ness is the charm of friendship. It is the duty of the Alumni Association to foster the friendships that are con­ceived during our college da5's. And so the Class of 1905 reaches across the 5'ears, with a handclasp of good wi l l and fellowship for the Class of 1930, who have just passed through such a turbulent period in educational doctrine. Our friendl5' counsel, if any be needed, is to strive to lead a life of deeds, not years; of thoughts, not breaths; of feel­ings, not figures engraved upon a dial, and when 5'ou have won life's excellence, the admonition of the poet is still to be fulfilled:

'Go wing th5' flight from world to world As far as the universe spreads its flaming wall.

Take all of the pleasures of all the spheres, And multiply them by countless years.

And a moment with God is worth them all. ' " The members of the Association passed a resolution

extending to Hugh A . Stewart, '12, their S5'mpathy in his present grief over the loss of his son, Donald.

A petition was presented and accepted, conferring upon Dr. Paul Me5'er an honorary membership in the Mines Alumni Association. The story relating to this member­ship appears elsewhere in this issue.

Max Shehle, '01 and Max, Junior, '30. Max, the father was proud to have his son receive a diploma from old Mines.

He came up from Oklahoma to see young Max graduated. They both attended tlie Alumni banquet.

Page Thirtv-six

The Colorado School of Mines Maga-^ine J U N E 1930

Commencement Address (Continued jrom page i6)

ticular'ly exemplified today in coal mines, may compel more carefrif • study as to the resultant social effects; thus a tendency to change from the individual or group to the machine ma5' necessitate more attention to the humanities, • which' appears anomalous.

i - Qn every hand we hear comments on the so-called mechftnizatioii of life. I do not feel this movement is new; If belifeve itj^ionly a more rapid development of a trend that has been apparent since the dawn of history. I am not afraid that,.our cultural, industrial, ph5'sical or social lives are to be abruptly changed by an apparent industrial revolu­tion. Alwa5's man has tended to mechanize. The dis­covery of the principle of the wheel—a principle not even known to such t5'pical Americans as the Incas or Mayas even in the time of Pizarro—was a great step toward mechanization. The hinged rudder and the tiller evolved from the old Scandinavian steering-board, were marked changes in navigation. The Morse telegraph was not much of a change from the savage tom-tom and the code message of the jungle drum. Mechanization is proceeding rapidl5', but so are our social and industrial needs. Larger groups of people are now more rapidly and completely affected by mechanical changes, but the rate is not out of proportion to other changes that are taking place, and perhaps primitive man tended to mechanize nearl5' as rapidly as we do, when his status in relation to other matters is considered. There­fore, I am not fearful that man wil l become slave to, rather than master of, the machine. The last 30 5'ears have brought about greater changes in mining and metallurgical methods than occurred in say the 2,000 years immediately preceding. But do not forget that the more rapidly things undergo variation, the more ready the world is for altera­tion and the more eagerl5' wi l l it accept change. When you, by research and experimentation, are seeking new methods, and improvements in old ones, bear this in mind. Never before in the history of the world has the mining industry as a whole been so ready, willing, and eager to adopt new operating ideas. You therefore have opportunities greater than any engineers who have come before 5'ou. Let this thought be a challenge to 5'ou.

The 5'oung engineers graduating this 5'ear from various colleges constitute the annual influx into the profession and are just now of especial importance to the mining world; this is because of your unspent 5'ears, 5'our abound­ing vitalit5', 5'our unexhausted energies and unused strength, and 5'our limitless possibilities. Do not be offended if sometimes 5'ou hear 5'outh described as optimistic and vision­ary; occasionally loutish, stubborn and ignorantly insistent. You, being the youngest engineers, have the longest engi­neering lives ahead of 5'ou and are therefore of maximum importance and value. The motive power for national and world engineering achievement comes from men of 5'our kind, filled with enthusiasm, energy, eagerness and opti­mism.

We have already remarked the blessings that have come to 5'OU as students in this excellent school. You are now ready to experience and to give answer to the call of what is best in the engineering occupation. As 5'ou move forward, retain 5'our high ideals. Join us in keeping untarnished the record of the mining profession, and at the same time, not content with things as they are, insist on raising the tone of our occupation by bringing to it your 5'outhful creative spirit, all your hopes, enthusiasms, visions, inspira­tions and contagious power.

Now, as alwa5's before, everything depends upon the coming generation. Our demands on 5'ou wi l l be heavier than requests ever were before, since we hand on to 5'ou more difficult and onerous problems and greater moral and financial responsibilities than have previously fallen to the lot of such 5'outhful engineers.

The art of engineering is never static. Processes of development are always operative. You should be less like­ly to err than those who have gone before, but more fallible than those who come after 5'ou. The last word on the ethics of engineering has not 5'et been spoken. Progress involves continual revaluation of customs and beliefs; the less perfect must be modified; the best must be tenaciously perpetuated. Now, as never before, must we apply high-grade intellect and fine moral consciousness to what to some ma5' seem the commonplace and apparantly uninterest­ing business of wrestling from the earth's crust the fuels, metallic ores and industrial minerals so indispensable to civilization.

Deep and comprehensive mutations in engineering wi l l come, and for perhaps three decades you of this generation wi l l be responsible for them; you must steadily and rapidly develop 5'ourselves in order that broader understanding, more intense study, and more ingenious schemes may alwa5's be forthcoming from the new generation, to carry upward the standards of engineering.

Yearbook Dedicated to Palmer

PROF. IRVING ALLSTON PALMER

The 1930 Prospector was dedicated to Prof. Irving A . Palmer. The book is one of which the editors and Pro­fessor Palmer are to be proud. The dedication reads:

"To Irving Allston Palmer, Professor of Metallurgy, and a real Miner, this 1930 Prospector is dedicated. Professor Palmer's sincerity, tolerance, and keen sense of justice have made him loved by all those who have had in­timate contact with him. His enthusiasm for the welfare of his students, his loyalty to Mines and his long service in the School have prompted this dedication."

Page Thirty-seven

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of M.ine s M. a gamine

^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^

"^ith Owr ADVEFLTISERS.

iipji

^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^

Pol i cy o f this Department It is tlie policy of the Colorado School of Mines Magazine to cooperate with its

advertisers to the fullest extent. A l l of our advertisers are specialists in their field of endeavor. They accumulate vast stores of information of an engineering and technical nature—information that holds great interest for our readers. This space is set aside for them to use for the publication of such information. It is free to our advertisers and limited exclusively to their use.

iipji

The Value of Advertising

SU P P O R T I N G the wisdom of large scale adver­tising is the fol lowing statement made by C. C.

Young-green, president of the Advert is ing Federation of America, in the Cincinnati Enqui re r :

"Adver t is ing has prevented the closing down of thousands of business firms that found themselves face to face with over-production, by finding a mar­ket for the products. Adver t is ing is the synchroniz­ing" force between production and distribution that keeps the wheels of business turning.

"Economic laws are like the laws of the Medes and Persians, and production cannot play fast and loose between them. But a proper recognition of these laws in advertising means progress, success, forward movement.

"The rapid turnover of money in this country is effected through advertising. Its power is recognized by finance, l^y government, by the people. There is no l imit to its power when properly applied, and business during 1930 w i l l recognize this as never before, and shall profit by i t ."

The most economical and effective advertising is that carried in mediums which reach the Knoivn

Buyers of your product. The Colorado School of

Mines Magazine is read by men who place orders for mining ec|uipment and supplies. This Magazine does not carry advertising which is not related to the min­eral industries.

i ' l r i i i i i u r i i i i i i i r i i i i i i i i i i i j i j i i r i i i i i i i i i i i i r i i i i i i i r i i i i i u i i i i i i n i i i i i i r i i i r i i i r i i i r i i i i r i r i i i n i i r i n i i r i i u i i i i i i i i i l S

FREE T E C H N I C A L B O O K

For Graduate Engineers

Explains New, Easy Way to Measure Altitudes Accurately

Doubles the efficiency of every engineer in the field. This new "AlHmetry Manual " belongs in the technical library of every engineer, geologist, topographer, sur* veyor and executive in charge of engineering activ­ities of any nature. It shows hov/to cut the time and cost of preliminary surveys in.holf . . .how one man con do the work of a crew with level and transit in this type of work.. .how to increase profits. Explains amazingly accurate new Paulin principle, that re­cords shghtest differences in elevation instantly.

THE AMERICAN c^/^i^iz«_ System, I Rc Educational Dept. CSM 1201 Mciple Avenue, los Angeles, California

Pleaie send me name of your neareit Poulin Syilem dealer and free copy of your "Allimetry Manual" wUhoul any obligotion on my pari. Also send prices.

Nome -.Address

. 1ll1llillllllllllmlmllmlnllmllmlmllmllmMlnM lllllllmllnllnllmllnllmlll1llmllnlll ^

I n d e x t o A d v e r t i s e r s

American Askania Corporation American Paulin System

C. S. Card Iron Works Co. Climax Molybdenum Co. Colorado Central Power Co. Colorado School of Mines

Page

3 38

— 43 - - 35 .... 32 ... 4

Colorado Transcript 34 Colorado Iron Works Co. 41 Denver Equipment Company 42 DuPont 7 Eaton Metal Products Co. 35 Flexible Steel Lacing Co. 41 Gardner-Denver Co. 48 General Electric Co. 5 Golden Fire Brick Co 32 Goodman M f g . Co. 3 Hercules Powder Co. 46 Inspiration Consolidated Copper Co. 35 Jefferson County Republican : 34 Lindrooth, Shubart 8C Co. 35 Mine & Smelter Supply Co. 47 Midwest Steel & Iron Co 45 National Fuse & Powder Co. 32 Professional Cards 44, 45 F. B. Robinson Book Store 32 Rubey National Bank 32 Steiner, Geologist 33 Stonehouse Signs 2 Traylor Vibrator Co. 2 U . S. Foundries, Inc. 34 United Verde Copper Co. 35 A. R. Wilfley & Sons 43

Page Thirty-eight

The Colorado School of Mines Ma ga ^.i n e J U N E 1930

Some Belt Problems and a few Hints for Better Service*

CONSIDERATIONS IN B E L T BUYING The purpose of a belt drive is to carry a certain amount

of power from one revolving pulley to another. Therefore, the problem that confronts the belt user is that of de­termining the kind and size of belt to purchase in order to secure the desired results.

The amount of power transmitted wi l l depend on the velocity at which the belt travels, the tension under which it is placed on the pulleys, the arc of the smaller pulley with which the belt is in contact and conditions under which the belt is used.

There are several different types of belts, all of which have considerable merit. Some are more adaptable to cer­tain conditions than others and considerable care should be exercised in making a choice.

Regardless of the kind of belting to be purchased it is essential that certain facts be known before an intelligent decision on any belting problem can be reached.

It is always advisable to supply the manufacturers from whom belting is purchased with complete details and allow them to advise yon from the viewpoint of gi'eater and more practical experience.

No thoroughly accurate decision bearing on the pur­chase and use of belting can be arrived at without the fol­lowing information;

(1) Horse power to be transmitted : (a) average; (b) least; (c) most.

(2) Diameter of driving pulley. (3) Diameter of driven pulley. (4) Number of revolutions per minute made by one of

them. State A v h i c h one. (5) Distance between pulley centers. (6) Whether drive is vertical or horizontal. (7) Whether the tight side runs on top or underneath. (8) Operating conditions such as dampness, fumes, fly­

ing grit, changes from light to heavy load; high speed over small pulleys; running at quarter twist; use of idlers, mule pullej's and stepped or flanged pulle5's.

However, certain types and sizes of belts have been proven thoroughly satisfactory and are known to be stand­ard for many uses. Belting salesmen and many dealers can tell 5'OU accurately what these standards are, based on 5'our requirements of horse power, use, size of pulleys and work­ing conditions.

Your guide to the class of belt wi l l have to be founded upon a knowledge of good usage, of cost per j'ear and of working conditions. It is as a guide to a good choice that the following information has been prepared.

B E L T CALCULATIONS The amount of power transmitted by a belt depends upon

the "effective pull," that is, the difference between the ten­sion on the tight and loose sides, and the speed. Expressed in a formula, this becomes—

T x w x s Horsepower = •

33,000 in which

T : Effective pull in pounds per inch of width. W : Width of belt in inches. S; Speed of belt in feet per minute.

*Extractcd from a Hand Book for Belt Users, published by the Flexible Steel Lacing Company.

The number 33,000 is the foot pounds of work required per minute to make one horsepower.

The working tension per inch width of belt wi l l depend upon the grade of material, the thickness, and also to some extent upon the centrifugal force which tends to throw the belt away from the pulley as the speed increases.

Table I gives average values for effective tension per inch of width for single leather belts, allowing an ample factor of safety and taking into account the effect of centrifugal force.

For double belts multiply the figures in the table by 1.6 and for triple belts multiply by 2.

T A B L E I. Belt Speed Effective Tension

1,000 72 2,000 68 3,000 65 4,000 60 5,000 53 6,000 45

Belt speed in feet per minute. Effective tension in pounds per inch of width. Arc of contact 180 deg.

Simpler formulas, while not quite as accurate as the longer rules are given below. They wil l be found satis­factory for simple belting problems.

The horsepower which double belting wil l transmit may be determined by multiplying the circumference of either pulley in feet (C) by the number of revolutions per min­ute of that same puUev (R) by the width of the belt in inches ( W ) by 75, and dividing by 33,000. Thus:

C X R X W X 75 Horsepower =

33,000

A R C O F C O N T A C T • FIGURE 1

Multiply the width of the belt in inches by its speed in feet per minute and divide the result by 800. The final result wi l l be the horsepower for a 4-ply woven or a single leather belt. For a 6-ply woven or a double leather belt, divide this result by 600; for 8-ply, divide the result by 400; for 10-ply divide the result by 350.

Belt Speeds The speed of a belt can be determined by multiplying the

circumference of the pulley by the number of revolutions. The speed wil l depend somewhat upon local conditions,

but is limited by the eifect of centrifugal force to about 5,000 feet per minute and 4,000 is considered preferable.

Effect of Speed

The arc of contact or portion of the circle in which the belt comes in contact with the pulley surface, also has an effect upon the amount of power transmitted.

By referring to figure I, where the pullej's are of unequal size, it wi l l be noted that the arc of contact, and therefore the clinging effect, wi l l be less upon the smaller pulley.

The effective tensions in Table I are for 180-deg. con­tact (pulleys of equal diameter) ; for other arcs of contact, multiply by the factors in Table II.

Page Thirty-nine

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma ga'^i n

For example, if the effective pull, from Table I, is 60-lb. and the arc of contact is only 150-deg., the value of T , to be used in the formula, wi l l be 60 X 0.91 : 54.6. If more convenient, the correction for arc of contact may be made to the horsepower after the computation is completed. T o find the arc of contact in any given case, divide the difference between the pulley diameters by the distance between centers (both dimensions in inches). Multiply this result by 57 and subtract from 180. The remainder wi l l be the arc of contact on the smaller pulley, in degrees.

It wi l l be noted in Table II that factors are given for contacts of more than 180 degrees. This is for cases where tighteners are used which wrap the belt around the pulleys.

T A B L E II Arc of Contact (deg.) Factor A rc of Contact (deg.) Factor

130 0.82 190 1.03 140 0.86 200 1.05 150 0.91 210 1.07 160 0.94 220 1.09 170 0.97 230 2.11 180 1.00

JVidth of Belt When the horsepower is g ;iven and it is desired

termine the width of belt, the formula may be written as follows—the letters representing the same quantities as before—

33,000 X H . P. W = -.

T X S Example—^What horse power wi l l be transmitted bj' an

8-inch single belt from a 20-inch pulley passing over one of the same diameter, running at 800-r. p. m. ?

From Table II we find the circumference of a 20-inch pulley to be 5.24 feet, which gives a belt speed of 5.24 X 800 : 4,490, or 4,500 feet in round numbers. From Table I we find the effective tension T to be the average of the values for 4,000 and 5,000 feet or

60 + 53 = 5 7

2 Substituting these values in the formula, we have—

57 X 8 X 4,500 Horsepower = = 62

33,000 Example—What width of double belt wi l l be required

to transmit 75 horsepower from a 30-inch pulley to a 10-inch pulley, the speed of the larger pulley being 300 r. p. m. and the distance between centers of the two pulleys 10 feet?

The belt speed in this case wi l l be 7.85 X 300 = 2,355, or 2,400 feet per minute in round numbers. From Table I we find the value of " T " for a single belt to be 65 lb., which for a double belt would be 60 X 1.6 = 96. The arc of contact on the smaller pulley is:

(30—10) 57 180 — = 170 deg.

120 in even numbers. The factor for 170 degrees contact from Table II is 0.97. Hence, the actual value of T wi l l be 96 X 0.97 = 100 pounds in round numbers. Substituting the proper value in the second formula, we have

33,000 X 75 W : • • = 10 inches

100 X 2,400 Note—At high speeds, from 4,000 feet per minute and

up, it is well to allow a generous excess in width of belting. In determining the horsepower of special belts, such as

canvas, rubber, etc., it is best to employ tables issued by the

manufacturers, or approximations may be made by the use of the comparisons given as corresponding to single and double leather belts, viz. :

Roughly a 4-pl3' fabric belt equals a single leather belt and a 6-ply fabric belt equals a double leather belt.

a. To Find the Length of Belt Required The simplest method is to run a tape around and be­

tween the pullej's. This wi l l give the exact length re­quired. If a mathematical measurement is desired use fol­lowing rules:

(a) Multiply half the sum of the pulley diameters by 3 1/7 and add twice the distance between centers of shafts. If, however, the diameters are very different and the cen­ters short, the result wi l l be too small, and 5'ou should use rule (c). If the pulleys are exactly the same diameter, multiply by 3.1416 instead of 3 1/7.

If the pulleys are of the same size, or nearly the same size, with centers not very close, add the diameters in inches and multiply by .1309. Add to this twice the distance, in feet, between the centers; the result wi l l then be the ap­proximate length in feet.

b. To Find the Length of a Cross Belt Square half the sum of the pulley diameters in inches. Square the distance between centers in inches. Add these together, extract the square root, and multiply

it by two. T o this product add the result obtained by multipljdng

half the sum of the pulley diameters by 3 1/7 if pulley sizes differ or 3.1416 if they are exactly the same. Then, divide by 12 and you have the length of belt in feet, c. JVhere the diameters of the tivo pulleys are different

by several inches. Square half the difference between the diameters of the

two pulleys in inches. Square distance between centers in inches. Add results. Take the square root of the sum. Multiply by two. Add to this result the product obtained by multiplying

half the sum of the pulley diameters by 3.1416. Then divide by 12 to get the number of feet.

P l J L L E Y S

Wherever possible it is best to use fairly large puUej's. The belt is not bent nearly as much. It has more contact with the pulley surface and consequently can deliver more power with less slippage.

In connection with belting problems, the following rules relating to the proportioning of pullej's wi l l often be found useful.

To Determine the Diameter of Driving Pulley: M u l ­tiply the diameter of the driven pulley by its number of revolutions per minute and divide this product by the num­ber of revolutions of the driver.

To Determine the Diameter of Driven Pulley: M u l ­tiply the diameter of the driver pulley by its number of revolutions per minute and divide this product by the num­ber of revolutions of the driven.

To Determine the Speed of Driving Pulley: Multiply the diameter of the driven pulley by its number of revolu­tions per minute and divide this product by the diameter of the driver.

To Determine the Speed of Driven Pulley; Multiply the diameter of the driver by its number of revolutions per minute and divide this product by the diameter of the driven.

Page Forty

M A K I N G BELT JOINTS

Sooner or later every belt is bound to break. Usually the break occurs when it wi l l cause the' greatest loss of time, labor, material, production and expense.

Various methods of making repairs have been evolved. The greatest time saver and the strongest and most per­manent repair joint is the Alligator Steel Belt Lacing.

Alligator Steel Belt Lacing This Belt Lacing is adapted to all kinds of belting—

leather, woven, cotton duck, camel's hair, rubber, balata— of every combination of thickness, width and length. It renders perfect service on all kinds of drives, whether open or serpentine—over any pulley or idler. It makes a per­fectly flat, flexible joint that wi l l go anj'where the rest of the belt goes. A n Alligator joint is flat on both sides, sets flush with the surface of the belt, and is a permanent and strong lacing.

The double toothed jaw of the Alligator Lacing grips the belt from both sides and clinches in such a manner as to secure the strongest possible hold without weakening the belt as do rivets, punch holes and rigid fasteners. Alligator Lacing is so constructed that the pull comes against the edge of the teeth—not the flat.

In a working time of only three minutes the average belt can be laced with Alligator Steel Belt Lacing. No tool but a hammer is required. No special skill or training is needed. Any one can repair a break in almost no time at all. See figure 2.

A good leather lacing makes a fairly strong belt joint, a poor leather lacing is highly unsatisfactory. T o make a good leather lacing requires the service of an expert belt lacer. Poor leather lacings are generally the handiwork of ordinary persons.

(Contimied on next page)

GENUINE

ALLIGATOR TRADEMARK REQ. U.S. PAT. OFFICE

STEEL B E L T LACING The teeth of Al l iga tor Steel Belt lacing penetrate f r o m both sides of the belt and are clinched into a vise-like grip. The working belt load is distributed evenly among a l l burden<bear ing be l t fibres. Internal f r ic t ion of belt ends is prevented. This smooth, separable hinged jc has long life and s great surplus of strength,

" N E V E R LETS

G O "

Look for the Famous

/lUlffator statnpecl on ihc lacing atuJ the yellow

labelled box

All iga to r Steel Belt Lacing is suitable fo r a l l types and thicknesses of belting.

All eleven sizes of lacing are furnished with metal hinge pins, unless ordered otherwise. Metal outwears other types of pins and does not soften under moisture.

Sold throughout the world

F L E X I B L E S T E E L L A C I N G C O .

4628 LcxillRton Stlcet Chicago, U . S. A . In England at 135 pinsbury Pavement, London. E. C, 2

T H E SKINNER ROASTER A multiple hearth roaster of the air-cooled McDougall type.

Experienced roaster operators who have seen it in action have without exception pronounced it the most distinct advance in furnaces of this type for man}' years. A l l freely admit that it embodies novel mechanical features of the most practical kind and concede that no other mul­tiple hearth roaster can equal it either in flexi­bility of operation, continuity of uninterrupted service, or ease of effecting renewal of parts when necessary.

By reason of its great flexibility of opera­tion, through ease of regulation of temperature on the different hearths, it will handle a class of sulphides which would cause trouble in any other roaster either throug'h low sulphur con­tent or because the ores fume and are sticky.

AVhile permitting close control of the sulphur content of the calcines, it will at the same time supply a gas of such constant and high concen­tration that sulphuric acid manufacture is greatly facilitated. A considerable saving may be effected with the Skinner Roaster through the possibility of using cheap ores for acid mak­ing or of roasting ores of relatively low sulphur content without extraneous fuel.

Not only does superior design and construc­tion result in extremely low maintenance cost, but through a great cutting down of the lost time factor very low operating cost per ton of ore roasted.

If interested in roasting be sure and investigate the Skinner Roaster.

O f equal merit in their special fields, are the Impact Screen, A k i n s Classifier, Lowden Dryer, Colorado R o d and B a l l M i l l s , Colorado Diaphragm Pump .

COLORADO IRON WORKS COMPANY Established 18 60

M A I N OFFICE A N D WORKS, D E N V E R , C O L O R A D O , U . S. A. Head, Wrightson 8 Co., Ltd., Stockton on Tees, England Canadian Locomotive Co., Kingston, Ontario, Canada

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Maga^^ine

FIGURE 2

Regardless of its degree of perfection a leather laced joint cannot be made to pass over a pulley without some thumping and bumping. This thumping creates a steady jar that wi l l in time affect the bearings. The jars caused by leather lacing make it undesirable for use in connection with a dynamo or electric motor. Every time the leather joint jumps over the pulley there is a slight break in the transmission of power.

,The extra thickness of the thongs at the joint also cause an added belt stretch, its effect being the same as if a small pencil were tied to the pulley for the belt to pass over every revolution.

D. F, C. Bulletin The Denver Fire Clay Company has just recently issued

two new technical bulletins (Nos. 305-6) descriptive of its latest D F C Atmospheric Type Gas Burner." Owing to the constantly increasing and more pretentious use of natural gas throughout this region consumers wi l l be par­ticularly interested in seeing these new illustrated bulletins. Copies may be obtained at Denver headquarters of the com­pany or through the local branch, 157 West Second South St., Salt Lake.

Research at United Verde Research activities by the United Verde Company are

outlined in the April Mining Congress Journal, by Oliver C. Ralston, director of research. He lists the following studies now under way:

(1) T o develop flotation reagents better adapted to the frothing characteristics of the ore.

(2) T o study the grinding problem and develop flota­tion treatment of the massive copper ore.

(3) T o adapt flotation to the recovery of the zinc min­erals, either in a separate product or in a mixed product from which subsequent metallurgical pro­cesses could recover the zinc.

(4) T o either mitigate or abate the nuisance created by the large amount of sulphur smoke released during smelting.

(5) T o consider means of recovering a part or all of the sulphur and iron in the ore, now wasted in large quantities.

Senior Trips (Contimted jrom page 27)

in the employ of the Frahklin Fluorspar Co., of Kentucky, a subsidiary of the Aluminum Co., of America.

The heavy equipment was taken to the W i l d Horse Park area by the School of Mines truck, while the lighter instru­ments were taken care of by the men who had their own cars with them. The party put up at the Steel Workers. Y . M . C. A . and found the accommodation quite com­fortable.

The men on this trip are seniors in geology and were graduated this year. Many of them are planning on fol­lowing geophysical work so advantage was taken of the opportunit)' offered for the practical field work demon­strated. The days work was sometimes long, beginning at five in the morning and lasting until evening, and so much was accomplished. Eighty magnetometer stations were taken, covering the entire northwestern corner of Pueblo county.

Favorable weather was enjoyed up until the last day when rain occurred. G . T . Mclntyre is thoroughly con­vinced that taking terraines is a highly dangerous occupa­tion. The large lump on his scone is the result of a broken chain, one end of which developed a sudden magnetic attraction for his head. Colie Broun lost the license plates which belonged to the fl5'ing bathtub and we understand he had a hard time, convincing the police that the car was his. Possibly they thought he had stolen it from the Smithsonian Institute. The mining and petroleum men have nothing on these geoph5'sical wizards when it comes to putting on the high boots and detecting the presence of highs, lows and what have you.

A R T H U R C . D A M A N , '15 F R A N K E . BRIBER, '16

DENVER PORTABLE MILLS Mills are built in 25, 50 and 100-

ton capacities with all standard equipment such as Crusher (Shown at the top). Steel Bin, Feeder, Ball Mill, Conditioner, Classifier, Flota­tion Machine and Pilot Table. Can be assembled or torn down in two days.

Write for complete information

DENVER EaUIPMENT CO. I4ig irth Street-^Denver, Colorado.

Telephone M A i n 4315 Cable " D E C O

Page Forty-tivo

The Colorado School of Mines Magaz.ine J U N E 1930

African Copper Deposits (Continued jrom page 27)

The Rhodesian Congo Border Concession, Ltd . contains approximately 52,000 square miles. From this has already been exploited the N'Changa property, also the Lunsemfwa. ore bodies. Contained in this concession is also the long well known Kansanshi mine.

The N'Kana concession contains 1800 square miles, from which has already come the Muful i ra and Chambishi properties, also the original known Roan Antelope property (2113 acres) to which was later added the Roan Extension area (2675 acres) and its continuation, the Muliashi area (6000 acres). The Muful i ra property wi l l probably be 10,000 acres while Chambishi, although not stated, in all probabilities wi l l not be less. It is expected that before the Rhodesian Selection Trust option in the N'Kana grant expired on November 30, 1929 that the total acreage taken by this Company wi l l be about 100,000 acres and possibly as much as 150,000 acres.

The Loangwa Concessions (Northern Rhodesia) Ltd . have prospecting option on 85,000 square miles (option expires Apri l 30, 1935).

Rhodesia Mineral Concessions (about 13,000 square miles) Katanga Junction Railway Concessions (about 2000 square miles) Kafue Copper Company concession (about 900 square miles). While no discoveries of outstanding merit have been made from the latter four concessions, a great number of mineral occurrences have been found which are expected to prove up upon diamond drilling. Besides copper, some promising gold occurrences have been uncovered.

It therefore appears that many opportunities for found­ing many notable new mining companies stdl exist and that these coupled with the developments now taking place on those being opened up, offers unlimited opportunities for the young mining engineers A v h o are "rarin' to go".

Foreign Fellowship at Mines Charles Maurice Tattam, head of the Geological Survey

of Nigeria, has been awarded a P'ellowship for a year's study at the Colorado School of Mines. He. wi l l do re­search work in the geology and geophysics departments.

M r . Tattam is a graduate of the University of M e l ­bourne and holds a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the Imperial College of London.

The fellowship award was made by the Commonwealth Fund. It was one of thirt5^-three such awards made this past month. The Commonwealth Fund, of which Edward S. Harkness is president, established these Fellowships in 1925 as a contribution toward the development of under­standing and good-will between Great Britain and the United States. The total number of Fellows appointed to date is one hundred and forty-eight, representing most of the English and Scottish and Welsh universities and many in the Dominions and Colonies. Fellows choose their own course of study in preparation for further re­search or professional activity. The subjects chosen range from agriculture and astronomy to physics and philosophy.

T h e c u p o l a g i v e s

o n l y w h a t

t h e c u p o l a g e t s

Card quality in mine car wheels goes hack to the cupola as well as the drafting hoard. No cheap scrap is used in Card wheels—and Card's 37 years of specializing carries the qual­ity right through pouring and heat-treating. The user gets a wheel with deep, even chill where abrasive wear comes, but mild and close-grained in spokes and hub.

There ' s no g a m b l e i n p l a y i n g " C a r d s "

f o r low cost per t o n m i l e h a u l .

C * S * C a r d I r o n w o r k s Denver

C e n t r i f u g a l S a n d P u m p s P A T E N T E D

the pumps without a stuffing box

Standard of the Mining Industry

J)eni>er,Vo/o.~n.S./t.

Paae Fortv-tliree

J U N E 1930 The Colorado School of tAine s M-a ga^.ine

Pro fessional Cards A . E . ANDERSON, E . M . '04

E . I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. 922 Midland Savings Bldg.

Denver, Colo.

EDWARD P. ARTHUR, '95

Mining Engineer

Cripple Creek, Colo.

M A X W . B A L L Consulting Petroleum Engineer

First National Bank Building, Denver Exchange National Bank Bldg., Tulsa

HENRY C . BEELER , '96

Mining Engineer

C. A . Johnson Bldg. Denver, Colo.

CHARLES N . B E L L , '06

Mining Engineer

C. A . Johnson Bldg. Denver, Colo.

T . D . BENJOVSKY , '09

Mining Engineer Salida, Colorado

CARL A . BLAUROCK , '16 Refiner of Precious Metals

Assayers Proof Gold and Silver .9999+ 522 Mack Bldg. Denver, Colo.

J A C K P. BONARDI, '21

Sales Manager The Mine & Smelter Supply Co.

225 Broadway, New York City

W. E. Burlingame, '01 Charles 0. Parker, '23

BURLINGAIVIE & PARKER

Chemists and Assayers

Specializing in umpire and control work Al l types of analytical and

commercial problems

1901 Lawrence St Denver, Colo.

F R A N K C . BOWMAN, '01 Mining & Metallurgical Engineer

1+12 Franklin St, Apt. No. 4 D E N V E R , C O L O R A D O

LIONEL BROOKE, '14 Mining Engineer

824 Royal Bank Bldg. Montreal, Canada

FRED C . CARSTARPHEN , '05 Specializing in Design and Erection

Aerial Tramways Consulting Engineer

721 Marion St. Denver, Colo.

C . LORIMER COLBURN , '07

Mining Engineer

C. A, Johnson Bldg. Denver, Colo.

SHRIVE B . COLLINS, '01

Consulting Mining Engineer

1765 Glencoe Street Denver, Colo.

A R T H U R V . CORRY, '98 Member Harper, MacDonald and Co.

Mining Engineers Butte, Mont.

A . E . CRAIG, '14 Metallurgical Engineer

The Mine & Smelter Supply Co. D E N V E R , C O L O R A D O

M A R S H A L L D . DRAPER, E . M . , '97 Mining and Metallurgical Engineer

443 So. Feck Drive Beverly Hills, Calif.

DONALD DYRENFORTH, '12

T H E DORR C O M P A N Y D E N V E R

J O H N WELLINGTON F I N C H

Consulting Geologist and Engineer

668 Gilpin St. Denver, Colo.

J O H N HAYS HAMMOND , Hon. '09

Mining Engineer

120 Broadway New York, N. Y .

THOMAS S. HARRISON, '08 Consulting Oil Geologist 1029 East Eighth Ave.

Denver, Colo.

M O N T A N A LABORATORY CO. E . E . Blumenthal '98 Chemist and Assayer Phillipsburg, Mont.

A . E . M O Y N A H A N , '00

Consulting Mining Engineer

241 Coronado Bldg, Denver, Colo.

J O H N EDWARD NORMAN, '98

Mining Engineer

1267 Race Street Denver, Colo.

ALFRED E . PERKINS, '10 District Manager

Crucible Steel Co. of America 3635 Walnut Street Denver, Colo.

CHARLES M . R A T H , '05 Petroleum Geologist and Appraiser

Midwest Refining Co. Denver, Colo. Not available for private loork

G . M O N T A G U E BUTLER '02

Mining and Geological Engineer

Dean College of Mines and Engineer­ing, University of Arizona, Tucson. Examinations and problems involving persistence, change in character, and loss of ore. Diamonds and other gems secured for Miners

or their friends at reduced rates. H E Y

M I N E R S !

We've started another page of Professional cards. How about yours? WRITE N O W to C. Lorimer Colburn, Secretary, Colo. School of Mines Alumni Ass'n.

C. A . Johnson Bldg. , 509 17th St., Denver, Colo.

The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine J U N E 1930

cMoYt Professional Cards F R A N K J . REINHARD , '05

Equitable Life Assurance Society

Security Bldg. Denver, Colo.

ROBERT H , SAYRE

Mining Engineer 715 First National Bank Bldg.

Denver, Colo.

WILLIAM P. SIMPSON, '01 Root & Simpson

Metallurgical Chemists, Assayers Denver, Colo.

W . G . SWART, H O N . , '17 Mining Engineer

711 Lonsdale Bldg. D U L U T H , M I N N E S O T A

JAMES UNDERHILL

Mining Engineer

Idaho Springs, Colo.

W M . D . W A L T M A N , '99 Franco Wyoming Oil Company

551 Fifth Avenue, New York City 422 First Nat. Bank Bldg., Denver

I. B. WILLIAMS, '11 Williams Oil Well Flow Device

Specializing in" oil recovery l y pressure control

1912 S. Gary Ave. Tulsa, Oklahoma

LET 'S F I L L THIS O N E N O W !

J O H N H . WILSON, E . M . , '23

Geologist and Geophysicist

Box 187 Golden, Colo.

HARRY J . W O L F , '03

Mining Engineer

42 Broadway New York

H . J . W O L F , INCORPORATED

A n Investment Trust

15 Exchange Place Jersey City, N, J.

ROGER F . W H I T E , '18 Consulting Petroleum Engineer |

804 Hellman Bank Bldg. Los Angeles, Calif.

Four companies produced molybdenum ore in the United States during 1929, the Climax Molybdenum Co., at Climax, Colorado, the Molybdenum Corporation of Ameri­ca at Sulphur Gulch, near Questa, New Mexico, the Southern Copper Mining Co. at Helvetia, Arizona, and the Minerals & Metals Corp. near Sahuarita, Arizona, accord­ing to data collected by the United States Bureau of Mines, Department of Commerce.

One hundred thirty tons of blue-print paper were used by the East Pittsburg works of the Westinghouse Electric, Enough to cover a 190-acre farm. If the blue-print paper was cut to letter-size sheets and the sheets placed end to

end, they would make a strip of paper long enough to reach from New York to Kansas City. The production of the other plants wi l l increase these figures about 35 per cent.

The really careful mother these days arrange to keep her cigarettes out of reach of the children.

He—I'd be willing to die a thousand deaths for you. Gladys—Just one would suit me perfectly.

The fonder the fool the more jealousy it takes to feed him.

ALBERT G . FISH, Tres. & Treas. IB.A C . BOWER, Sec.

'

STRUCTURAL STEEL and O R N A M E N T A L IRON T H E M I D W E S T S T E E L and I R O N W O R K S C O M P A N Y (incorporated)

Office No. 5 Larimer Street, D E N V E R Branch Plant P. O. Box 1184, PUEBLO, COLO.

Page Forty-jive

H O W H E R C U L E S E X P L O S I V E S A D V A N C E C I V I L I Z A T I O N

E X P L O S I V E S M A K E P O S S I B L E T H E

N A T I O N ' S H I G H W A Y S

I VEMEMBERwhen you drive over

America's roads—a network of highways that knits the

country from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada

to the Gulf of Mexico—you are Indirectly utilizing another

of explosives' many contributions to our civilization.

For dynamite makes the modern highway possible. Stone,

cement) asphalt, and other road-buiiding materials —all

are first wrested from the earth by explosives. Explosives

also blast trails over mountains, drain encroaching waters,

aid in the construction of bridge abutments, and in other

ways afford easier access to cities and towns.

Not only in road building, but in many industries—on land

and sea and underground—explosives are helping us

enjoy a richer, fuller civilization.

In these achievements, Hercules explosives have played,

and will continue to play, an important part. You wiil find

it well worth while to know more about this engineering

tool. Write for a copy of The Explosives Engineer.

H E R C U L E S P O W D E R C O M P A N Y

} ^ ll ( 1 N C O R p O 9 A T E D )

9 3 1 i ; ,N G S T R E E T

W I L M I N G T O N , D E L A W A R E

ylnother-MarcyMill

wTor GREECE

•

Another Marcy Rod Mill has just been ordered by the Ergasteria notation Company of Laurium, Ergasteria, Greece.

The original installation was made during the fall of 1927 and has proven very successful, grinding 140 tons of lead zinc ore daily. The feed is ^" and the classifier overflow product for selective flotation is 2% plus 60 mesh.

This is a repeat order which to us spells complete satisfaction with the original installation and a profitable investment for the purchaser.

Write us for Bulletin 73 which illustrates and describes Marcy Open End Rod Mills,

VI S U P P L Y O cmmmf M A R C Y M I L L D I V I S I O N

D E N V E R , C O L O R A D O , U . S. A .

EL P A S O , T E X A S 410 San Francisco St.

NEW YORK CITY 225 Broadway

SALT LAKE, UTAH 121 West 2nd, South

MASSCO

Gardner-Denver light and medium weight rock drills are admirably suited for general utility work around mines and quarries, they are equipped with easily operated steel pullers, efficient hole cleaning means and with wet or dry attachments. The LO-3A Line Oiler is especially designed for efficiently lubricating under all conditions, rock drill equipment of all descrip­tions. Gardner-Denver DS-3A Drill Steel Sharpeners

are of medium size, low air consumption and give high speed

service on bits up to 2T" and on shanks on all sections of drill steel.

Let our representative call and convince you.

G A R D N E R - D E N V E R C O M P A N Y

QUINCY, ILL. DENVER, COLO.