DSA 2010 June

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JUNE 2010 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 9

NORTH-EAST SPECIAL

9 7 7 0 9 7 6 2 0 6 0 0 3

I S S N 0 9 7 6 - 2 0 6 X

SAARC COUNTRIES : US$20REST OF THE WORLD : US$25 INDIA : Rs.120

GENESIS OF INSURGENCY

ASSAM: STRATEGIC INFILTRATION

MANIPUR: KASHMIR OF EAST?

ARUNACHAL: A REALITY CHECK

NAGALAND QUAGMIRE

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editor-in-chief

manvendra singh

DSA

is as muchyours,

as it is ours!

Indias tryst with insurgency began in the north-east of the country, as many decades agoas the nation became independent. And it has continued to this day, in some form or theother. 7hinN of the north-east, and the rst thought is aOways that of troubOe, some sNirmish,

some agitation, or some YioOent act. 7he Indian pubOics perception of the north-east is ruOed by

an image of YioOent behaYiour, against each other, or the 8nion of India. 7his is indeed a mostunfortunate impression to carry on a daiOy basis. And an unfair burden imposed on the iOO-fatedpeopOes of that region.

:ith the beginnings of the 1aga rebeOOion in the earOy s, tiOO today, the region that wecommonOy cOub together as the north-east, the seYen sisters, has been in the grip of someinsurgency or the other. %ut for the arriYaO of peace in 0i]oram and 0eghaOayas off the waOOpoOiticaO arrangements, eYery state in the region continues to be absorbed by some insurgentgroup. As rightOy pointed out by authors, repeatedOy, insurgency in the north-east is YirtuaOOya cottage industry. It has become a dai Oy rituaO, for reasons that range from the ataYistic, to thereYoOutionary.+oweYer out of date both passions may be.

AOO te[tbooNs on insurgencies, Oow intensity wars, or subYersion, highOight some trans nationaOcommonaOities. A strong desire to preserYe cuOturaO continuity in a worOd that is homogenisingrapidOy. A feeOing of poOiticaO aOienation that enabOes the rousers to rabbOe the estranged. 2rit may be something as archaic as raOOying a cOan, a community, eYen a tribe, in the face ofperceiYed aggression from the other. 7hat these OabeOs are being used rather OiberaOOy here isdeOiberate. )or it is within these idioms that the c onYentionaO anaOysis of the north-east occurs.

It is in foOOowing the conYentionaO, howeYer, the*oYernment of India has erred, repeatedOy. 7heregion is seen through the prism set at an angOe directed by the cuOture seeping out of 5ed )ort,'eOhi. AOO causes of insurgency in the north-east are anaOysed by an outOooN that is directed byimagery and interests that couOd easiOy be OabeOOed as coOoniaO. 'eOhi treats the region with animperious attitude, doOing out grants at wiOO, cOobbering war Oords when they raise their headstoo high and induOging those that pOay the game according to the master. 7he roots of this crisis

Oie in a bureaucratic attitude that is based on being an imperiaO serYice, rather than serYing theOocaO needs and reTuirements.&oupOed with that is an Indian po OiticaO cOass OargeOy ignorant ofthe nuances and subtOeties of the regions socioOogy.

7his ignorance and the resuOtant pre-conceiYed notions, about the peopOes of the north-east,has aOOowed the growth of insurgencies sustained on the Oargesse of doOe. 7he whoOe enterprisenow e[ists on funds that come from 'eOhi aOmost as an aOOowance. India is funding its owninsurgencies and nothing couOd highOight nationaO ignorance more than this simpOe fact.

The power of a King l ies in his mighty arms

Security of the citizens at peace time is very importantbecause State is the only saviour of the men and womenwho get affected only because of the negligence of the State.

Chanakya

June 2010 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT 3

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publishers view

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editor: manvendra singhpawan agrawaO

Volume 1 Issue 9 June 2010 +onour is an essentiaO feeOing for eYeryindiYiduaO or peopOe or region or nationfor a normaO and heaOthy disposition andgrowth. Anyone who is depriYed of this feeOing sOowOysinNs into the morass of disaffection, disiOOusionment,despair and destruction.

7he more the casuaOapproach of the centraOgoYernmentthe more the escaOation in insurgency, separatism andYioOence in the region. 7his has proYed to be the maMorreason for the deOay in the integration of the north-east region with the Indian mainstream. The honourof our north-eastern brothers and sisters has aOwaysbeen a matter of concern. In spite of huge funding anda dedicated ministry to OooN after the deYeOopment ofthe north-eastern region, we are unabOe to controO thesituation tiOO date.1ow it is spreading its tentacOes to

other parts of the country and disturbing the peaceand harmony which is an essentia O prereTuisite fordeYeOopment. 6uch is the situation in the homeOand of the 6eYen 6isters that the peopOe ofthe north-east haYe OiYed their OiYes oYer the past si[ decades without the feeOing of pridefor India or being Indian.

In more than years since the attainment of independence no goYernment has taNen aserious Yiew or e[hibited compOete commitment to deYeOopment of this region.1o matterwhat may be the compuOsions - poOiticaO or sociaO - but the fact is that these states stiOO haYeinadeTuate heaOth and education systems and no industriaOisation has been done so far ascompared to other parts of the country. :e aOO haYe seen the way the situation in -ammuand .ashmir has been aOOowed to simmer and deteriorate to new OeYeOs of aOienationbecoming too costOy to manage in terms of human OiYes to the detriment of peace andprosperity in the region. The same is being seen in aOO the 0aoist-affected states wherepeopOe are Oured into na[aOism by the promise of an aOternatiYe system that has not beendemonstrated to be more effectiYe in the areas under 0aoist controO.

:hether it is the north-east,-ammu and.ashmir or the na[aO-affected areas, the root causesof aOO such insurgency and terrorism and na[aO actiYites are now in fuOOYiew of the nationfor aOO of us to assess, anaOyse and seeN appropriate soOutions. The current situation is theresuOt of endemicaOOy poor faciOities for heaOth, education andMobs for the OocaO inhabitantsin these regions. The students haYe to migrate to educate themseOYes and parents arecompeOOed to OooN at far hori]ons for prosperity of their chiOdren and the Tuestion staresus in the face:hy cannot we proYide ampOe opportunities for education andMobs withinthe states" That wouOd be one way to ensure that the youth of the region are not Oured byvarious insurgent groups that have mushroomed over the years.

6peciaO attention needs to be paid to the many ethnicities that enrich the north-easterncorner of India. &ompeting ethnic groups have found in the funds made avaiOabOe by thecentre a Oucrative method of transforming insurgency into an industry based on e[tortion.A wise Indian statesman had once said that India is not a poor country, it is a nation ofpoor peopOe.

:hat are we waiting for"&an we aOOow inimicaO neighbours to taNe advantage of thesituation as3aNistan and&hina have done over the decades"1ew'eOhi must taNe steps toinstiO in the OocaO peopOe of each of the seven states a sense of benign governance instead ofpouring in enormous funds that appear to be ending up in the pockets of insurgent groups.

TeamDSA has speciaO feeOings for the north-eastern brothers and sisters and this speciaOissue on north-east is dedicated to the youth of the region. This is the second speciaO issuecovering various aspects of defence and security of Indian states. 2ur speciaO issue on-ammu and.ashmir in0ay was the rst such issue which got an overwheOming response.

We are sure that the efforts of TeamDSA for this issue wiOO aOso receive an encouragingresponse from our vaOuabOe readers. 2ur -uOy issue wiOO aOso be a speciaO on securitycovering aOO dimensions of security from the pubOic to the pedestrian and the private.3Oease reserve your copies.DSA is now avaiOabOe in more and more seOected outOets panIndia.2ur readers may procure their copies from the nearest outOets as mentioned on pagenumbers - of this issue or write to us directOy.

-AI +I1'

My honour is my life; both grow in one ;

Take honour from me, and my life is done. -Shakespeare

June 2010 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT4

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Volume 1 Issue 9 June 2010

for online edition of Defence And Security Alert (DSA)log on to: www.dsalert.org

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ISSUE JUNE 2010

A R T I C L E S

F E A T U R E S

O T H E R S

genesis of insurgency 10Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Dr. D. B. Shekatkar

Assam: strategic infiltration 18E. N. Rammohan, IPS

banditry: the ideology? 23H. N. Das, IAS

Manipur: Kashmir of east? 28Maloy Krishna Dhar

Arunachal: a reality check 36Kiren Rijiju

outlaw the jinx! 42Patricia Mukhim

ULFA: joining the mainstream? 46Udayon Misra

ethnic schism: intrinsic trepidity 50Pradip Phanjoubam

Nagaland quagmire 53Subir Bhaumik

NPT: a paper tiger? 56Harsh V. Pant

myopic policies 60Brig. (Retd.) Dr. Anil Sharma

investigations of convenience? 69Cmde. (Retd.) Ranjit B. Rai

nuclear quadrangle 75Brig. (Retd.) Chitranjan Sawant

Exclusive Interview:

D G - Assam Rifles 40Lt. Gen. K. S. Yadava

Exclusive Interview:

terrorism analysis 59Jaideep Saikia

NCC:

scaling new heights 78

cartoon 79

contents

NORTH-EAST

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SECURITY SPECIAL

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north-east

Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Dr. D. B. Shekatkar

PVSM, AVSM, VSM

GROUND REALITIES

GENESISOF INSURGENCY

Success in counter-insurgency

operations should never be

quantified by the number of

insurgents killed but by the number

of people brought back to normal

life and national mainstream.


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north-east SMOULDERING

BANDITRY:

7he 1aga insurgency is the oldest in the north-east. It germinated from a seed

of separatism sown as in-ammu and .ashmir by a%ritish ofcial.7he ethnic

code rang similar chimes among tribes and groups in the rest of the Seven

Sisters and most ourished because of contiguity to neighbours inimical to

India. For long the Chittagong Hill tracts in the former east wing of Pakistan

and a %urma later Myanmar caught up in the vorte[ of its own instabilities

were sanctuaries. Over the years ideology has given way to banditry as a way

of life and good governance has become the crying need of the region.

the ideology?

H. N. Das, IAS

north-east WICKED NEXUS


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north-east WICKED NEXUS

Now an estimate has

been made that a

whopping amount of

Rs. 60,000 crore out

of central government

funds has been passed

on to the insurgent

units during the past

20 years. This estimate

appears to be reliable

because the source

quoted is the Revenue

Intelligence Bureau ofthe Government of India

and detailed statewise

gures have been given

for the years from 1987-

88 to 2007-08


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Ma nipur:

Manipur is the anti-thesis of the Maoist situation where the demand

for deployment of the Indian Army and concomitant infrastructural

development is being presented as a solution. In Manipur, there are

two divisions of troops but whatever little development that has

taken place is in a state of decay. The politician-terrorist nexus has

to be cut and Muivah will have to be told in no uncertain terms that

Greater Nagalim inclusive of his native village is out of the question.

Maloy Krishna Dhar

Kashmir of East?

INFLAMMABLEnorth-east


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Most Meiteis have started asserting own nationalist psyche and gradually cutting

off the moorings with Hindu cultural and religious umbilical. They do no more like

to use Hindu surnames - Singh and Sharma. Hindu Vaishnavism can no longer

keep the Meitei society tied to the cultural apron of India Can an economist of

wider experience be posted in Manipur? Can Congress Party restrain its politicians

from bleeding the state by thieving and plundering?

INFLAMMABLEnorth-east


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SENTINELnorth-east

ARUNACHAL:A REALITY CHECKJawaharlal Nehrus remark about not a blade of grass grows there (in Aksai

Chin) has been so twisted out of context that the other allegation against

him that it was his forward policy that invited Chinese retaliation has

been totally lost sight of. India was attacked before it was fully ready. Prime

Minister Manmohan Singh has taken the bull by the horns and is improving

the infrastructure all along the Himalayas. A bloody nose in Tibet will

negate all that the string of pearls was intended to achieve for the Chinese.

In 1803, Napoleon

had said, China is a

sleeping giant. Let hersleep, for when she

wakes, she will shake

the world. He said it

at the peak of his glory

and China at her lowest

and which the Chinese

term as two hundred

bad years in their

5000 glorious years of

civilisation

Kiren Rijiju


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SENTINELnorth-east

We are happy to introduce toDSA readers Maj. Gen. Apurba Kumar Bardalai, a distinguished UN Peacekee pingexpert hailing from the north-east (Assam).

As peace in the north-east is a national priority we atDSAhope that Maj. Gen. Bardalais prole and achievementsin peacekeeping around the world will inspire the people in the north-east to work for peace in the region.

Maj. Gen. Bardalai was Military Observer in the United Nations Verication Mission in Angola and he has hadrst hand experience of the violence during the internal conict in the country in 1991-92.

He was Director UN Peacekeeping at the Army Headquarters, New Delhi. He was responsible for all facets of UNpeacekeeping operations addressing over 100 Ofcers and 6000 combat troops that included Military Observers,Staff Ofcers and Troop Contingents deployed in various UN peacekeeping missions across the globe.

From July 2003 to June 2005, Brigadier Bardalai was a Senior Research Fellow of UN Peacekeeping at the UnitedServices Institution of India, New Delhi. His research work concluded in publication of a book titled ChangingSecurity Scenario: Implications for UN Peacekeeping. He also authored an article entitled Implications andImplementation of the Brahimi Report, in Emerging Challenges in UN Peacekeeping Operations: An Indo-

Japanese Dialogue, edited by Major General Dipankar Banerjee and Ramesh Thakur.

As an active peacekeeper, he has been part of a number of UN peacekeeping seminars, war game seminars,workshops and eld exercise with troops, as a panelist, guest speaker and participant both at national andinternational levels. Major General Bardalai has the unique distinction of holding the post of Deputy ForceCommander and Deputy Head of Mission, UNIFIL from March 2008 to March 2010. Presently, he is the GeneralOfcer Commanding of an infantry division.

A DISTINGUISHED PEACEKEEPING EXPERT FROM THE NORTH-EAST


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north-east INTERVIEW: D G - ASSAM RIFLES

TeamDSA is privileged

to publish this

exclusive interview with

Lt. Gen. K. S. Yadava,

PVSM, AVSM, SM,

VSM, Director General

of Assam 5ies, the

premier security force

in the north-east India,

highlighting its history,role and achievements.

Team DSAgreets and salutes

the brave ofcers

and soldiers of

Assam 5ies onsuccessfully completing

175 years of sacrice


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north-east DECLINING MORES

outlaw

freedom fighters,insurgents, terrorists?

There is a nursery rhyme tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor,

richman, poorman, ploughboy, THIEF! It is a descriptive

of a decline from the sublime to the criminal. It is not

just a decline of civil society mores and norms but also

of governance. The acts of criminals is an indicator of the

degree of absence of governance. Where governance works,

criminality declines and vice versa is even more true!Patricia Mukhim

the jinx!


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north-east POLY-ETHNIC CONUNDRUM

Sovereignty is an appealing prospect in the midst of a mass upsurge or a safe

haven to operate from. Both are currently absent in the Asom context. New

bargaining ploys are being fashioned and the possibilities and ambience

of negotiations being explored. The United Liberation Front of Asom is in

considerable disarray with the arrest of its top leadership in Bangladesh and

the loss of that particular safe haven. The Government of India seems to think

that to let a hundredowers bloom policy could create the garden of Eden.

Can there be peace without sovereignty? Depends on the level of battle fatigue

that circumstances have induced.

ULFA: joining themainstream?Udayon Misra


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north-east ESTRANGEMENT

Pradip Phanjoubam

Ethnic Schism:Intrinsic Trepidity

Given the multiplicity of ethnic / tribal / hillmen

inuences that pervade the north-eastern region

of India there is need for great circumspection and

sensitivity in dealing with issues of statehood. The

incident of May is not therst instance of a disjoint

between the centre and the state. Blockade as a tool

of submission / compliance will only exacerbate the

problem.


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north-east ESTRANGEMENT north-east DEADLY DEADLOCK

True, as of today, it does

seem Meiteis hold theidea of Manipur closer

to heart than most othercommunities. As to whythis has come to be so is

another story, needing adifferent treatment, butgiven this reality the fact

remains that the Meiteiswould be the ones to

most strongly resist whatthe liberal pretenderswant Manipur to do -

voluntarily disintegrate

Naga interlocutors no longer insist on a Greater Nagalim that includes parts

of Myanmar. Trying to appropriate parts of Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and

Assam may help to keep the government of India off-balance but it will not

bring sovereignty nor territory beyond the connes of present-day Nagaland.

That T. Muivah failed to keep his tryst with his ancestral village in Manipur by

ofcial state diktat and public outrage underscores how intractable the issue is

even if the Nagas are eager to coalesce into a Greater Nagalim.

Subir Bhaumik

quagmire

DLOCK

Nagaland


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nukes REVIEW CONFERENCE

Harsh V. Pant

Every one of the steps taken by the Obama administration thus far are elements

of a larger facade to remove states that sponsor terror from the ambience of

NPT sanctions. Prominent among these is Pakistan which has the dubious

distinction of being both the fountainhead of global terrorism and one with

its military totally riddled with jihadis in uniform. In all respects the NPT

remains fatally awed for being inequitable. As far as India is concerned it

is China that has been supplying pre-tested, ready-to-use nuclear weapons

to states that also have extra-territorial agendas for which they use proxies.

NPT:A paper tiger?


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nukes REVIEW CONFERENCE

There is a broader divide

between the nuclearweapon States and therest of the world that

affected the negotiationsat the conference from

the very beginning. Non-nuclear weapon Statesinsist that the NWS should

focus on radically reducingtheir nuclear armaments,a commitment that they

had made in 2000

north-east INTERVIEW: TERRORISM EXPERT

Top north-east expert and terrorism analyst, Mr. Jaideep Saikia iscredited not only for his seminal work on terrorism, Bangladesh,Islamist militancy and insurgency in the north-east, but also forhis role in advising the government on matters relating to securityresolution, including as an expert on the north-east in the NationalSecurity Council Secretariat, New Delhi. He has also authored /edited eight books and numerous academic papers that have beenpublished in reputed national and international journals. He haswidely travelled in the US, China, Europe and South and South EastAsia on academic assignments. Mr . Saikia was also a member of theIndian delegation for Track II dialogue with Bangladesh.

Terrorism:An Analysis


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defence budget BUYING INSECURITY

Brig. (Retd.) Dr. Anil Sharma

India appears to be caught in a timewarp so far as national security isconcerned. Spending nearly half of Gross Domestic Product has notbrought the desired results for NATO nations, all of whomounderedin the recent crisis in the nancial sector. China stands out becauseits defence spending is futuristic not current. The Thirteenth FinanceCommission has tried to strike a balance between growth and securitybut its expectations of a private sector that is demanding 100 per centforeign direct investment (currently 26 per cent) could well be misplaced.Performance budgeting getting a bigger bang for the buck should bethe guiding principle instead our acquisition policy is badly skewed.

Myopic policies


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FIGURE 1: DISTRIBUTION OF RUPEEIN THE BUDGET

defence budget BUYING INSECURITY

TABLE 1: KEY STATISTICS OF DEFENCE BUDGETS, 2009-10 AND 2010-11

TABLE 2: THIRTEENTH FINANCE COMMISSIONS PROPOSED ROADMAPFOR DEFENCE SPENDING 2010-11 TO 2014-15

Sources: Ministry of Defence, Defence Services Estimates 2009-10 andMinistry of Finance, Union Budget 2011.

Note: Figures in pa rentheses represent percentage growth


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defence budget BUYING INSECURITY Indian navy CRIME N PUNISHMENT

Cmde. (Retd.) Ranjit B. Rai

convenience?

Investigations of

Defence deals and frequent scams have broughtthe peculiarities of military justice to the fore. Theuse of the Pleasure of the President clause of theConstitution of easing out suspect military personnelhas the advantage of protection of post retirement(voluntary or under duress) benets like pension. Onthe face of it there appears to be a denial of justice, ofequality before law, which is being tested in courts.


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neighbour watch UNHOLY ALLIANCE

Brig. (Retd.) Chitranjan Sawant,

VSM

The complexities of South Asian geopolitics have increasedexponentially with the addition of the nuclear dimension.External powers have exploited the situation in whateverform they have managed to. Chinas support for Pakistansclandestine activities is an open secret, as is the United Statesignoring it. All of these need to be deftly handled by India.

quadranglenuclear

June 2010 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT 75

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LAUGH N RELAX!TOMORROWS LEADERS cartoonncc

Scaling new

+(,*+76


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