DSGN129

• An Electrical Perspective

• Frank Hamer, October 2006

So what did the Romans do for us?

So what have Civil Engineers done for us since then?

So what have Mechanical Engineers done for us since then?

So what have Electrical Engineers done for us since then?

ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL

CIVIL

Who shapes society?

ENGINEERS

ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS

COMPUTERS

Can we give systems a focus?

Industrial Robots & machines

Automotive Electrical

Domestic Electrical

Generation & Transmission

Building Services

Plain Old Telephones

Cellular

Satellite & Remote Sensing

Radar

Navigation & GPS

Future personal communications

Remote control

Personal Computers

Internet

Networks

Artificial intelligence

Television & Video

Radio

Autonomous Robots

Medical

Electrical/Electronic Communication Computer

Design concepts

New id

ea?

A customer require

ment!

The boss says so!!To make a profit ?£$

To benefit the World?

What do you want your society to look like 5 years from now?

"Now hills and vales no more distinction know,  And levell'd nature lies oppress'd below;  The most of mortals perish in the flood."                    Ovid (Dryden's tr.)

Your TV is left on standby for a year

1. How much energy does it use?

Assume typical standby current = 15 mA

Assume power dissipated = mains voltage x standby current

2. How much coal does it use?

Assume calorific value of coal = 36 MJ/Kg

Assume energy generation conversion efficiency = 50% (optimisitic)

0.015 x 240 = 3.6 Watts

3.6 Watts x 24 x 365 hours = 31.536 Kilo-Watt hours

Hence approximately 32 Units of Electricity

32 kW.hrs = 32x103x3600 Joules = 115 MJ

115 / 36 = 3.2 kg at 100% efficiency

Hence at 50% efficiency this requires 6.4 kg of coal!!

So what is the cost??

WHAT ARE ENGINEERING ETHICS

We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our technologies in affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in accepting a personal obligation to our profession, its members and the communities we serve, do hereby commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree: ……………………………………..

This is what one professional institute states

WHAT ARE ENGINEERING ETHICS

1. To accept responsibility in making engineering decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment;

2. To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist;

3. To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data;

4. To reject bribery in all its forms;

5. To improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate application, and potential consequences;

IEEE ETHICS APPROVED AUGUST 1990

WHAT ARE ENGINEERING ETHICS

6. To maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations;

7. To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others;

8. To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;

9.To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action;

10. To assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to support them in following this code of ethics.

IEEE ETHICS APPROVED AUGUST 1990

Ranked design criteria:

1. Spectral efficiency (simultaneous conversations/MHz/km2)

2. Subjective voice quality

3. Cost of mobile unit

4. Feasibility of a hand portable unit

5. Cost of base station

6. Ability to support new services

7. Ability to coexist with existing systems

? What about the safety of the people

WHEN IS BIO-ENGINEERING UNETHICAL ?

ENGINEERING THE PERSON ?

PAIN RELIEF LASER SIGHT CORRECTION PROSTHETIC JOINTSARTIFICIAL ORGANSNEUROLOGICAL DISORDER ‘MANAGEMENT’MENTAL DISORDER ‘MANAGEMENT’‘ENHANCING’ THE MAN-MACHINE INTERFACEBAR CODING FOR I.D. BAR CODING FOR TAGGING & TRACKING BAR CODING BUSINESS/CREDIT CONTROL OF ‘ANTI-SOCIAL’ BEHAVIOURSUPER HUMAN ?

ENGINEERING THE PERSON ?

WHEN IS BIO-ENGINEERING UNETHICAL ?

IMPLANTS

IN CURRENT USE

SYMBIOTICS

GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ?

SOCIETY’S REACTION TIMELOSS OF PRIVACYSOCIAL INTRUSIONRUDENESS; LOSS OF SOLITUDE SHARED-ATTENTION DANGERS METROPOLITAN FOCUSCONGESTED SPECTRUMSPECTRAL POLLUTIONTOO MANY UNSIGHTLY MASTSHEALTH CONCERNS

GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ?

WHERE SHOULD BASE STATION

MASTS BE SITED?

WHAT SHOULD THEY LOOK LIKE?

TELEDESIC SATELLITES 288 (840) GIVING GLOBAL INTERNET SERVICES

1012 EQUIVALENT

GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ?

Observable debris 1989

GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ?

WHAT GOES UPMUST COME DOWNBUT WHEN….WHERE

ACME REGRETS TO INFORM YOUTHAT DUE TO THE BANK HOLIDAY

THE NEXT PLANNEDCOLLECTION IS POSTPONED

INDEFINITELY

ACME JUNK - OUR OPERATIVES ECLIPSE EVERYONE

GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS OR GLOBAL POLLUTION ?

ENGINEERING THE POWER FOR THE PLANET

NUCLEAR FISSION

PLENTIFUL SUPPLYINEXPENSIVE PRODUCTIONEFFICIENT CONVERSIONA MINIMUM OF SITES

DEFENCE SPIN OFFSSITE SAFETYSAFETY CRITICAL SYSTEMSWASTE MANAGEMENTDECOMMISSIONING

FRANKLY, I DON’T UNDERSTAND ALL THE FUSS ABOUT THIS NUCLEAR STUFF

ENGINEERING THE POWER FOR THE PLANET

RENEWABLE ENERGY…

WIND FARMS - ARE THEY CUTE OR UGLY?

DOES THIS DEPEND ON WHO & WHERE?

ENGINEERING THE POWER FOR THE PLANET

LAND BASED SEA BASED

DEFENDING THE REALM

PROTECTING DEMOCRACYTHROUGH STRONG DEFENCE

DEFENDING THE PEOPLE

CIVIL SPIN-OFFS…CONCORDE, HELICOPTERS, MOBILES, GPS,

OR ..DEALING IN DEATH

£££ £££

THEY MADEME DO IT!

DEFENDING THE PEOPLE

THE INFORMATION AGE

THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION e-MAIL THE WORLDINFORMATION - POWERPEOPLE POWEROVERCOMING PROPAGANDAOPEN GOVERNMENT

INFORMATION RICH/POORINFORMATION OVERLOADCOMPUTER-BASED EDUCATIONVIRTUAL LIVESMICROSOFT - GLOBAL DOMINATION

UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS

THE INFORMATION AGE

UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS

ARE YOU ADDICTED TO THE INTERNET?

THE INFORMATION AGE

UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS

SHOULD CHILDREN STAY-IN

OR GO OUT TO PLAY

UNCENSORED GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 20 MILLION PEOPLE VISIT SEX SITES EVERY MONTH

THE INFORMATION AGE - COMPUTER CUPBOARD PERVERTS

200,000 ADDICTED TO INTERNET PORN

Ani Bod – An animated mannequin that combines sound, an internally projected image of a face and three-way head movement

WHO DECIDES WHETHER IT’S ETHICAL OR NOT ?

Design concepts

STEW

ARDSH

IP

COMPETENCE

RESPONSIBILITY

???

YOU DECIDE !