DTL Training Report Avnish Katiyar

8/13/2019 DTL Training Report Avnish Katiyar

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A PRACTICAL SUMMER

TRAINING REPORT

ON

DELHI TRANSCO LIMITED(220 KV GRID SUBSTATION AT SARITA VIHAR)

NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE (NR)BADARPUR, NEW DELHI

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF SUBMITTED BY:MR. RAM SINGH (A.M.) AVNISH KUMAR KATIYARMR. HANS KUMAR (J.E.) B.TECH. POWER ENGINEERING (6thSEM.)

ROLL NO. 02!"0#!0


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I $% h&'h &*+,-t,+ t M/. R$% S&*'h (At. M$*$',/1 220 KV TL S3S S$/&t$ V&h$/)

4/ th,&/ 5$$-, 77/t 8&tht 8h&9h th, 7/:,9t 9+ h$5, *t -,,* 8/;,+ t th,8$ &t h$. I $% 5,/ %9h th$*;4 t M/. H$* K%$/ (J.E. 220 KV TL S3S S$/&t$V&h$/) 8h h,7,+ %, &%%,*, &* *+,/t$*+&*' th, -$&9 $*+ 9%7, &*7&/$t&* +/&*' % t+&, > h$5,$8$ 7/5&+,+ %, 77/t &* ,5,/ 8$; 4 &4,.

AVNISH KUMAR KATIYAR


3/71

CONTENT

1. Intro!"t#on

!.!I*t/+9t&* t ,h& T/$*9 L&%&t,+!.2TL N,t8/;!.G/&+ &$'/$% 4 ,h&

$. Intro!"t#on to S!%&t't#on

. $$*++*11 - S!%&t't#on S'r#t' -#'r

.!S&*', L&*, &$'/$%.2,9/&7t&* 4 SL.P$/t 4 S-t$t&*.?E=&7%,*t ,+ &* S-t$t&*

/. D0&"r#t#on o2 S!%&t't#on E3!#40nt&?.!T/$*%&&* L&*,?.2B B$/?.I$t/?.?T/$*4/%,/

?.?.! I*t/+9t&*?.?.2 P8,/ t/$*4/%,/?.?. P$/t 4 P8,/ T/$*4/%,/?.?.? T/$*4/%,/ C&*'?.?." P/t,9t&* +,5&9,?.?.6 M$&*t,*$*9,?.?.# T,9h*&9$ S7,9&4&9$t&*

?."I*t/%,*t T/$*4/%,/?.".! C//,*t T/$*4/%,/ (CT)?.".2 Pt,*t&$ t/$*4/%,/ (PT)?.". C$7$9&t/ Vt$', T/$*4/%,/ (CVT)

?.6C&/9&t B/,$;,/ (CB)?.6.! T7, 4 CB?.6.2 T,9h*&9$ S7,9&4&9$t&*

?.#C$7$9&t/ B$*;?.@I*$t/?.W$5, T/$7

5. Prot0"t#on S6&t04

".!O5,/ Vt$', P/t,9t&*".!.! G/*+ W&/,


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".!.2 E$/th S9/,,*".!. L&'ht*&*' &*$t/

".2O5,/ C//,*t 7/t,9t&*".E$/th 4$t 7/t,9t&*".?P/&%$/ $*+ -$9; 7 7/t,9t&*

"."R,$".6,".#E$/th&*' St,%

+. Contro7 Roo4

8. B'tt0r6 Roo4

9. PLCC 'n SCADA S6&t04

. O0r't#on 'n 4'#nt0n'n"0 o2 S!%&t't#on

.!I*t/+9t&*.2M$&*t,*$*9, $9t&5&t.M$&*t,*$*9, S9h,+,.?M$&*t,*$*9, S9h,+, T$-, 4

.?.! O& 4&,+ 78,/ t/$*4/%,/.?.2 S6 C&/9&t B/,$;,/.?. R,$ $*+ 7/t,9t&* 9&/9&t.?.? A//,t/.?." T/$*%&&* &*,

."Th,/% S9$**&*'

1.G0n0r'7 S'20t6 Pr0"'!t#on&

11.Con"7!on

R020r0n"0&


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6/71

1.2 DTL NETWORK

It 9*t$&* th, &*, +&$'/$% 4 th, TL *,t8/; 8h&9h 9**,9t $ th, *,t8/; 4 th, "ISCOM 8/;&*' &* th, ,h& /,'&*.


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1.3 GRID DIAGRAM OF DELHI


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2. INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTATION

E,9t/&9$ 78,/ & ',*,/$t,+1 t/$*%&tt,+ &* th, 4/% 4 $t,/*$t&*' 9//,*t. Th, ,,9t/&978,/ 7/+9,+ $t th, 78,/ t$t&* & +,&5,/,+ t th, 9*%,/ th/'h $ $/', *,t8/;4 t/$*%&&* > +&t/&-t&*. Th, t/$*%&&* *,t8/; & &*,5&t$-, *' $*+ h&'h 78,/&*, $/, *,9,$/ t %$&*t$&* $ h', -9; 4 78,/ /9, 4 ',*,/$t&* t th, $+9,*t,/ t &*t,/ 9**,9t,+ P8,/ h, 4/ &*9/,$,+ /,&$-&&t 4 77 '/,$t,/.A* ,,9t/&9$ -t$t&* & $ 7$/t 4 $* ,,9t/&9&t ',*,/$t&*1 t/$*%&&* $*+ +&t/&-t&*t,% 8h,/, 5t$', & t/$*4/%,+ 4/% h&'h t 8 / &* /,5,/, &*' t/$*4/%,/. It$ ,/5, $ $ 7&*t 4 9**,9t&* -,t8,,* 5$/& 78,/ t,% ,,%,*t 9h $t/$*%&&* &*,1 t/$*4/%,/1 ',*,/$t/ $*+ $+. T $8 4/ 4,


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A &*t,/4$9, -,t8,,* 7/&%$/ $*+ ,9*+$/ ,=&7%,*t $/, 9**,9t,+ - h$/+8&/,+9$-&*'. &44,/,*t ,*'th $*+ t7, 9$-, $/, -*+,+ $ h8* &* &'.!.21 8h&9h %$;, &t$-/ &*t,*&5, 4/ 4t/, %$&*t,*$*9, $*+ %+&4&9$t&*. I* $++&t&*1 +, t th, $/', *%-,/4 8&/, &* $ h&'h ,,9t/%,9h$*&9$ 7t,+ -t$t&* 8&t9h$/+ ,*5&/*%,*t1 th,8&/&*' %$ ,


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3.2 DESCRIPTION ABOUT SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM&'/, $tt$9h,+ h8 ;, +&$'/$% 4 $ t7&9$ 2203663!! KV S$/&t$ V&h$/ G/&+ S-t$t&*.Th, +&$'/$% 4 th& '/&+ t$t&* & ,


11/71

) Th, S-t$t&* h$ +-, - -$/ t,%1 *, %$&* - -$/ $*+ th, th,/ 7$/,- -$/. Th, &*9%&*' 9$* -, 9**,9t,+ t ,&th,/ - -$/ 8&th th, h,7 4 $*$//$*',%,*t 4 9&/9&t -/,$;,/ $*+ &$t/ 9$,+ B C7,/. Th, $+5$*t$', 4+-, - -$/ t,% & th$t &4 /,7$&/ & t -, 9$//&,+ * *, - -$/1 th, 77*,,+ *t t -, &*t,//7t,+ $ th, ,*t&/, $+ 9$* -, t/$*4,//,+ t th, th,/ -.

?) E$9h &*, - -$/ & 9**,9t,+ 8&th Pt,*t&$ T/$*4/%,/ (PT) t %,$/, th, --$/ 5t$',.

") Th,/, & $* $//$*',%,*t &* t t,7 +8* th, &*9%&*' 220 KV 77 t 66 KV -t8 t/$*4/%,/ -$*; 8&th 9$7$9&t ,$9h 4 !00 MVA. Th, t/$*4/%,/ -$*; 9$* -,9**,9t,+ t ,&th,/ 4 th, &*, - -$/ th/'h th, - 9h$*',/ I$t/ 9**,9t,+-,t8,,* th, t8 -,. Th, !00 MVA T/$*4/%,/ & 9**,9t,+ t &*, - -$/th/'h $ *%-,/ 4 ,=&7%,*t &* $ 48&*' +,4&*,+ ,=,*9,

I. I$t/ $//$*',%,*t

II. C&/9&t B/,$;,/

III. C//,*t t/$*4/%,/

IV. I$t/ $//$*',%,*t

V. L&'ht*&*' A//,t/ (LA) $*+ th,*

VI. !00 MVA t/$*4/%,/

6) Th, !00 MVA t/$*4/%,/ t,7 +8* th, 220 KV &*9%&*' t 66 KV $*+ th& t7t

& 9**,9t,+ t ,9*+ - -$/ $//$*',%,*t th/'h $ ,=,*9,+ ,=&7%,*t $48

I. L&'ht*&*' A//,t/ (LA)

II. I$t/ $//$*',%,*t

III. C&/9&t -/,$;,/

IV. B -$/ &$t/

#) Th, ,9*+ - -$/ $//$*',%,*t & $ $ t8 - -$/ t,% ,$9h 9**,9t,+ 8&th

Pt,*t&$ T/$*4/%,/ (PT). Th,/, & $'$&* $ - 97,/ -,t8,,* th, t8 - -$/t 97, th,%. H,/, $ C$7$9&t/ B$*; & 7/5&+,+ t &*9/,$, th, &*9%&*' 5t$', &4th,/, & $* 5t$', +/7 &* th, &*9%&*'. It 9$* ,*h$*9, th, &*9%&*' 5t$', - t ? KV.

@) /% th, 66 KV - -$/ th,/, $/, 4/ t'&*' 9&/9&t t/$*%&tt&*' 78,/ $t 66KVt

I. M$th/$ /$+ 9&/9&t *.!

II. M$th/$ /$+ 9&/9&t *. 2

III. MRC 9&/9&t *. !


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o C//,*t t/$*4/%,/ (CT) & 9**,9t,+ t +/&5, th, 9//,*t %,$/&*' ,=&7%,*t $*+$ 4/ 7/t,9t&* &.,. 4/ %,$/&*' $*+ 7/t,9t&*.

o L&*, &$t/ 8&th E$/th 8&t9h & 7/5&+,+ 7,*&*' th, 9&/9&t &* * $+ 9*+&t&* $*+,$/th 8&t9h (E3S) & t '/*+ th, ,


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3.3.2 66KV OUTDOOR #ARD

o Th,/, $/, t8 &*9%,/ 4 66 KV 9%&*' 4/% 220KV $/+ t/$*4/%,/. Th,/, $/,t8 -, 4 66 KV &* 7$/$, $*+ $/, 9**,9t,+ t th, 66 KV &*9%,/ th/'h&$t/ $//$*',%,*t 4/ 9h$*'&*' th, 9**,9t&* 4/% *, - t $*th,/.

o H,/, $ $ - 97,/ & 7/5&+,+ 4/ 97&*' th, -, 4/ $+ h$/&*' $*+7/t,9t&*.

o Th, - & 9**,9t,+ 8&th th/,, 9$7$9&t/ -$*; 4 20 MVAR 4/ 78,/ 4$9t/

&%7/5,%,*t $*+ 4/ &*9/,$&*' th, &*9%&*' 8 5t$', - t ? KV.

o /% th, 66 KV - -$/ &< t'&*' 4,,+,/ $/, 9**,9t,+ $ *, 4/ M$th$/$/$+ 9&/9&t *. !1 *, 4/ M$th/$ /$+ 9&/9&t * 2 $*+ t8 4/ MRC1 $*+ t89&/9&t $/, 9**,9t,+ t th, t8 20 MVA t/$*4/%,/.

o A th, 9&/9&t $/, 9**,9t,+ th/'h +,4,/,*t 8&t9h&*'1 %,$/&*' $*+ 7/t,9t&*

,=&7%,*t &;, I$t/1 CT1 C&/9&t B/,$;,/1 L&'ht,*&*' A//,t/.

o T8 t/$*4/%,/ 4 20 MVA ,$9h 4 /$t&*' 663!! KV $/, 9**,9t,+ t 66 KV - -- ,,9t&* I$t/.

o E$9h - & 9**,9t,+ t PT 4/ %,$/,%,*t 4 5t$', &* &*,.

o CT & 9**,9t,+ $t /,=&/,+ 7$9, 4/ %,$/,%,*t 4 9//,*t $*+ 7/t,9t&* 4 &*,.


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$. SURGEARRESTOR

C**,9t,+ B3W 7h$, 9*+9t/$*+ '/*+ 4&/t ,=&7 $ ,,*4/% &*9%&*' O3H &*, $*+ $*,$/ t/$*4/%,/ t,/%&*$.

&9h$/', O3V/', t ,$/th $*+7/t,9t ,=&7%,*t.

. ISOLATOR L9$t,+ ,$9h &+, 4 CB. P/5&+, &$t&*4/% 7$/t 4/ MTC.

/. EARTH SWITCH(E.S.)

M*t,+ * 4/$%, 4 &$t/1',*,/$ 4/ 9h I3C ,$9h --$/.

&9h$/', 5t$',* 9;t t ,$/th 4/$4,t.

5. CURRENTTRANSORMER(C.T.)

P/t,9t&*1 %,$/&*' +,9&+,+ -7/t,9t&5, D*, %,$/,%,*t/,=&/,%,*t.

St,7+8* 9//,*t%,$/,%,*t 4/*t$*+ 9*t/.

+. VOLTAGETRANSORMER(V.T.)

E,9t/ %$'*,t&9 9$7$9&t&5,4,,+,/ &+, 4 C.B.

St,7+8* 9//,*t%,$/,%,*t7/t,9t&* $*+9*t/.

8. CIRCUITBREAKER (C.B.)

,7,*+ * /$t,+ 5t$', LV1 MV1HV1 EHV +,7,*+ * =,*9h&*'%,+&% S6 M1 AB ,t9.

S8&t9h&*' +/&*'*/%$ $-*/%$$*+ S.C. 9//,*t.

9. SERIESREACTOR

O& 4&,+ '$77,+ 9/, h&,+,+1$ *8&t9h,+.

!. C*t/ 8$+ 7,/&+ 5t$',.2. T 9%7,*$t,h*t 9$7$9&t/ 4T.L +/&*' 8 $+.

. SHUNTCAPACATOR

L9$t, $t /,9,&5&*' STN $*+IST1 -t$t&*.

B$*; /$t,+ !2KV1 66KV1?00KV1 !!KV 8&t9h,+ +/&*'h,$5 $+.

!. 9%7. /,< 78,/.2. P.. &%7/5,.

. VOH 9*t/$*.

1. SEREISCAPACITOR

!. C$7$9&t/ -$*; 9$t,+ $t ,*+,*+ / /,9,&5, ,*+ 4 &*,.2. P/5&+,+ 8&th -7$ C.B $*+7/t,9t 7$/, '$7.

U,+ 4/ EHV &*,t &%7/5, 78,/t/$*4/%,/.

11. TRANSORMER O&,+ 4&,+ S,t7 3 +8*5t$',.

1$. MV3LT SW GR I*&+, 8'/-&*'. AC 78,/ t$


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1. STATIONEARTHINGSYTEM

E$/th %$t $*+ ,$/th ,,9t/+,. / $4, t9h7t,*t&$ E=&7%,*t -+,$/th.

+&9h$/'&*'9//,*t 4/% SAO3H h&,+&*' $*+E.S.

1/. INSULATORS B,t8,,* th, 7, $*+9*+9t/. &9 t7, h$7,+.

, *t $8 th,9//,*t t 7$th/'h &t.

15. POLES It & %$+, - :&*&*' th, h,$5%$t,/&$ 8&th th, h,7 4 *t$*+ -t 4 /,=&/,%,*t h$7,

$*+ &D, 8h,/,5,/ *,9,$/.

T 7/5&+,*,9,$/ h,&'ht t9*+9t/ 4/%

8h&9h 9//,*t &48&*'.

1+. CVT C*&t 4 t8 t 4&5, 8&*+&*' &*7$/$, 4 &*,.

CVT $/, ,+ 4/&*, 5t%,t,/1*9h/*97,17/t,9t&5, /,$1t$/&44 %,t,/ ,t9.

18. L.A. R&*' t7, L.A. 7$/$, &* &*,. T +/7 th, ;&'ht,*&*' ,44,9t.

19. CONUCTORS A.C.R.S. & ,+ 8h,/,5,/*,9,$/.

T/$*%&&*9//,*t 4/% *,7$9, t $*th,/.

1. BATTERYBANKS

L9$t,+ &* ,7$/$t, /% *,$/ t9*t/ /%.

T 77 .C. 4/9*t/&*'7/t,9t&* t,%$*+ 9%%*&9$t&*,=&7%,*t.

$. CONTROL

PANEL

A9&$t, 8&th 7/t,9t&* /,$

9$t, &* -&' h$.

T 9*t/ $

,=&7%,*t 4-t$t&*.

. DESCRIPTION OF SUBSTATION EUIPMENTS

.1 TRANSMISSION LINES


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I* th& 9$t,'/ th, EHV &*, 5&D. ,


19/71

C

T,%7 9,44. 4 /,&t&5&t 0.00?!! 0.00?0

S4t,*&*' t,%7,/$t/, 200 !@0

Th,/%$ 9*+9t&5&t 0.2 0."0

M,t&*' 7&*t !0@ 6"#

Wh,* $ *%-,/ 4 &*, 7,/$t&*' $t th, $%, 5t$', h$5, t -, +&/,9t 9**,9t,+,,9t/&9$ --$/ $/, ,+ $ th, 9%%* ,,9t/&9$ 9%7*,*t. B-$/ $/, 977,/ /$%&*&% -$/ $*+ 7,/$t, $t 9*t$*t 5t$',. Th, &*9%&*' $*+ t'&*' &*, &* $ -t$t&* $/, 9**,9t,+ t th, --$/. Th, %t 9%%* ,+ --$/ $//$*',%,*t &*

-t$t&* $/,I. S&*', --$/ $//$*',%,*t.II. S&*', --$/ t,% 8&th ,9t&*$&$t&*.III. -, --$/ $//$*',%,*tI. SINGLE BUSBAR S#STEM %

It 9*&t 4 $ &*', --$/ $*+ $ th, &*9%&*' $*+ t'&*' &*, $/, 9**,9t,+ t &t.Th, +&$+5$*t$', 4 th& t7, 4 t,% & th$t &4 /,7$&/ & t -, +*, * th, --$/ / $4$t 99/ * th, -. Th,/, & $ 9%7,t, &*t,//7t&* 4 th, 77. Th& $//$*',%,*t &*t ,+ 4/ 5t$', ,


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ISOLATOR WITH EARTH SWITCH: ;

Th, ,$/th 8&t9h & 9**,9t,+ -,t8,,* th, &*, 9*+9t/ $*+ ,$/th. N/%$1 &t & 7,*,+8h,* th, &*, & +&9**,9t,+. Th, ,$/th 8&t9h & 9,+ th$t th, 5t$', t/$77,+ &* &*,& +&9h$/', t ,$/th. Th,/, %, 5t$', &*, +, t 9h$*'&*' 9//,*t. Th& 5t$', &&'*&4&9$*t &* h&'h 5t$', t,%. B,4/,1 7/9,,+&*' 8&th th, %$&*t,*$*9, 8/;. Th&5t$', & +&9h$/', t ,$/th - 9&*' th, ,$/th 8&t9h. N/%$ ,$/th 8&t9h, $/,%$&*t$&*,+ * th, 4/$%, 4 &$t/.

. TRANSFORMER

..1 INTRODUCTION%

A t/$*4/%,/ & $ t$t&9 +,5&9, - %,$* 4 8h&9h ,,9t/&9 ,*,/' 4/% *, ,,9t/&9$9&/9&t t $*th,/ & t/$*4,//,+ th/'h th, %,+&% 4 %$'*,t&9 4&,+ $*+ 8&tht 9h$*',&* th, 4/,=,*9.

A h&'h 5t$', & +,&/$-, 4/ t/$*%&tt&*' $/', 78,/ &* /+,/ t +,9/,$, th, IR, $*+ /,+9, th, $%*t 4 9*+9t/ %$t,/&$. A 5,/ %9h 8,/ 5t$',1 * th,

th,/ h$*+ /,=&/,+ 4/ +&t/&-t&* 1 4/ 5$/& /,$* 9**,9t,+ 8&th $4,t $*+9*5,*&,*9, th, t/$*4/%,/ %$;, th& ,$& $*+ ,9*%&9$ 7&-,.

..2 POWER TRANSFORMERS

P8,/ t/$*4/%,/ & th, %$&* $*+ %$:/ /,=&/,%,*t 4 $ -t$t&* t t,7 +8* th,77 5t$',. Th, /$t&*' 4 $ t/$*4/%,/ & t$;,* $99/+&*' t th, $+ /,=&/,%,*t.


22/71

..3 P$"t' !8 *!9&" t"$+'8!":&"%

&. T/$*4/%,/ 9/,&&. W&*+&*'

&&&. T$*;

&5. C*,/5$t/

5. B/,$th,/

5&. Bh&*'

5&&. A&/ C,5&&&. T$7 Ch$*',/ $*+ O.L.T.C.

&


23/71

+. T$77&*' 8&*+&*' I*t,/ 8*+ 7&/$ / h,&9$ 7$7,/ 95,/,+ &*$t,+ 977,/t/&7 / 9*t&* 9$-, $/, ,+ 4/ %$;&*' 8&*+&*'.

&&&. TANK: Th, $/, 9*t/9t,+ 4/% 8,+,+ h,,t t,,1 $*+$/',/ *, 4/% 7$&* -&,/ 7$t,. Th, &+ %$ -, 4 9$t &/*1 / 8$t,/7/4 '$;,t

-,&*' ,+ $t th, :&*t. Th, 4&tt&*' &*9+, th,/%%,t,/ 79;,t1 +/$&* 99;1 /,/ /8h,, 4/ %5&*' t/$*4/%,/ 7&t&*1 ,, -t 4/ &4t&*'1 9*,/5$t/ $*+ -/,$th,/19&*' t-, $/, 8,+,+ &*1 -t ,7$/$t, /$+&$t/ $/, 8,+,+ $*+ $4t,/8$/+ -t,+. O*th, t&+, & $77&,+ 8&th $*t& 9//&5, 7/&%,/ 7$&*t $*+ 4&*$ 4 *th,t&9 ,*$%,.

&5. CONSERVATOR: -A th, t,%7. O4 & &*9/,$, / +,9/,$,th,/, & 9*t&* /&, $*+ 4$ &* 5%,. / th& $* ,


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Bth t/$*4/%,/ & $*+9,, 7$7,/ $/, h&'hh'/97&9 .P$7,/ -,&*'%/, h'/97&9 th$*%&*,/$ & .Th, %&t/,1 &4

*t ,


25/71


26/71

T/$*4/%,/ & h$5&*' $ &*', / %&


27/71

!. B99htD /,$2. P/,/, /,&,4 5$5,

. O& t,%7,/$t/, &*+&9$t/

?. O& ,5, &*+&9$t/

". W&*+&*' t,%7,/$t/, &*+&9$t/

6. ,h+/$t&*' B/,$th,/

#. E$/th&*' A//$*',%,*t

!. BUCHHOLT< RELA#:It & ,+ 4/ 7/t,9t&* 4 & 4&,+ t/$*4/%,/ 4/% &*9&7&,*t 4$t -,8 & ,5,. It &&*t$,+ -,t8,,* t$*; $*+ 9*,/5$t/. I* th& /,$ t8 %,/9/ 9*t$9t $/, 7/5&+,+. Th,+,5&9, 9%7/&, 4 $ 9$t &/* h&*' 9*t$&*&*' th, h&*',+ 4$t1 *, &* 77,/ 7$/t th,/&* 8,/ 7$/t. E$9h 4$t & 4&,+ 8&th th, %,/9/ 8&t9h ,$+ 4 $ 8&t9h $/, 9**,9t,+ t $t,/%&*$ -< 4/ t/&77&*'.

APPLICATIONS:-

-, ,,%,*t /,$ 9$* -, ,+ &* +,t,9t&*' %&*,/ 4$t &* $ T/$*4/%,/Th, $$/% ,,%,*t 8& 7,/$t,1 $4t,/ $ 7,9&4&,+ 5%, 4 '$ h$ 9,9t,+ t '&5, $*$$/% &*+&9$t/.

E


28/71

?. O5,/ h,$t&*' 4 7$/t 4 8&*+&*'1

2. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE:I* 9$, 4 %$:/ 4$t &* th, t/$*4/%,/ &;, h/t 9&/9&t &* th, 8&*+&*' .Th, &*t,/*$ P.R.V.& -&+ 7 t $ 5,/ h&'h ,5, 8h&9h %$ /,t &* /$7t/, 4 t$*; t $5&+ th& P.R.V.7/5&+,+.A +,5&9, 4/ $5&+&*' h&'h & 7/,/, -&+ 7 &*&+, th, t/$*4/%,/ +/&*' 4$t $ 9*+&t&*& 4&tt,+ * th, t7 4 th, t$*;. Th, 7/,/, /,&,4 +,5&9, $8 /$7&+ /,,$, 4 ,


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o ALARM 0 +,' C

o TRIP !00 +,' C

W&*+&*' t,%7,/$t/, /,$ &*+&9$t, th, 8&*+&*' t,%7,/$t/, 4 th, t/$*4/%,/ $*+ 7,/$t, *th, 7/&*9&7, 4 th,/%$ &%$'&*' $*+ &t & *t $9t$ %,$/,%,*t.W&*+&*' t,%7,/$t/, &*+&9$t/ 9*&t 4 ,*/ -- 7$9,+ &* & 4&,+ 79;,t &* th,

t/$*4/%,/ t$*; t7 95,/. Th, -- & 9**,9t,+ t th, &*t/%,*t h$5&*' - %,$* 4 t84,


30/71

-, 9h,9;,+ - "00 5t %,'',/. L,$+ 4/% ,*+ 4/$%, h$5, -,,* -/'ht t 4/ 7/7,/,$/th&*' 4/ ,*+ 4/$%,.

, T$+5 t! T$+5 E$"t-)+= %

T$*; t t$*; 95,/ ,$/th&*' & +*, - 9**,9t&*' 977,/ -/$&+ -,t8,,* t$*; /&% $*+ t$*;95,/ 8&th th, h,7 4 th, -t ,+ t t&'ht t$*; 95,/ $*+ t$*; t',th,/.

( E$"t-)+= !8 T$+5

/ ,$/th&*' 4 t$*; *t-t > t+ $/, /,=&/,+ t %$;, 7,/4,9t ,$/th&*' -,t8,,* 7$+ *t$*; $*+ ,


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32/71

I*t/%,*t t/$*4/%,/ & ,+ t %,$/, AC $t ',*,/$t&*' t$t&*1 t$t&* $t t/$*%&&*&*, &* 9*:*9t&* 8&th AC %,$/&*' &*t/%,*t. Th, $/, 9$&4&,+ $99/+&*' t th, ,$/, /,4,//,+ t $ 9//,*t t/$*4/%,/ (CT) > 7t,*t&$ t/$*4/%,/ (PT).

,ntions: -

!. Th, ,/5, t ,


33/71

P%OP"%TI"S O CT:

o Th, CT %,$/, th, 9//,*t.o Th, 9//,*t t/$*4/%,/ & ,+ 8&th 7/&%$/ 8&*+&*'.o C**,9t,+ &* ,/&, 8&th th, &*, 9$//&*' th, 9//,*t t -, %,$/,+ $*+ th,/,4/,

7/&%$/ 9//,*t & +,7,*+,*t 7* $+ 9**,9t,+ &* th, t,%.o Th, 7/&%$/ 8&*+&*' 4 $ 5,/ 4,8 t/*1 $*+ th,/,4/, th,/, & * $77/,9&$t&* +/7

$9/ &t.

o

Th, ,9*+$/ 8&*+&*' h$ $/', *. O4 t/*1 ,


34/71

9) I*$t&* ,5, (;5) ?603!0"0+) /,=,*9 "0 HD,) R$t,+ 7/&%$/ 9//,*t 600A4) ST 9//,*t KA3 ,9 2# 3!

T,/%&*$ R$t& A%7. R$t&*' 9$ VA K57 3 A%7!!!2

!!!2

003!6003!

"P20 60 !200V30.0?A

2!222!22

003!6003!

"P20 60 !200V30.0?A

!2!2

003!6003!

"P20 60 !200V30.0?A

?!?2?!?2

6003! ." 60 ....................

.;.2 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER%

S&%&$/ t CT &t & $*th,/ t7, 4 &*t/%,*t t/$*4/%,/. It & $ ;*8* $ CVT (9$7$9&t/5t$', t/$*4/%,/). It & ,+ 4/ %,$/,%,*t $*+ 7/t,9t&*. Pt,*t&$ t/$*4/%,/ &,+ t 7,/$t, 5t%,t,/1 th, 7t,*t&$ 9& 4 8$tt%,t,/ $*+ /,$ 4/% h&'h 5t$', &*,.Th, 7/&%$/ 4t/$*4/%,/? & 9**,9t,+ $9/ th, &*, 9$//&*' th, 5t$', t -, %,$/,+$*+ th, 5t$', 9&/9&t & 9**,9t,+ $9/ th, ,9*+$/ 8&*+&*' t %,$/, h&'h 5t$',&*,.Th, t/$*4/%,/ & ,+ t %,$/, th, h&'h 5t$', ;*8* $ 7t,*t&$ t/$*4/%,/. Th,7/&%$/ 4 th, 7t,*t&$ t/$*4/%,/ & h$5&*' %/, *%-,/ 4 t/* 4 4&*, 8&/, $*+

,9*+$/ & h$5&*' , *%-,/ 4 t/*. Th, 7t,*t&$ t/$*4/%,/ & t,7 +8*t/$*4/%,/ th, P.W & 9**,9t,+ $9/ th, &*, $*+ S.W $9/ th, %,t,/ t %,$/, th,&*, 5t$',. Th, P.W 8h,* 9**,9t,+ t &*, 9$// %, 9//,*t1 8h&9h 7/+9, th,%$'*,t&9 4


35/71

SO'" T"%'S %"LAT") TO P.T

($) R$t,+ Vt$', Th, 5t$', 4 th, P.T.1 8h&9h &t 9$* 8&tht$*+.(-) R$t,+ T/$*4/%,/ R$t& Th, /$t& 4 /$t,+ 7/&%$/ 5t$', t th, /$t,+

,9*+$/ 5t$',.

(9) R$t,+ ,9*+$/ 5t$', ,.'. !03 /t () 6. VAR.

.;.3 C$*$()t!" V!4t$=& T"$+'8!":&"%

A 9$7$9&t/ 5t$', t/$*4/%,/ (C-T) & $ t/$*4/%,/ ,+ &* 78,/ t,% t t,7+8*,


36/71

E,9 9$7 ??00!0 P 4 "0 H "

N%&*$ &*t,/%,+&$t, 5t$', 203 ;5

S7$/; 5,/ 5t$', 6 ;5

Vt$', +&5&+,/ /$t& 2200003 3200003

Tt$ th,/%$ -/+,* !000 VA

T,%7,/$t/, 9$t,' !0 t ""C

Tt$ 8,&'ht 00 K'.

.6. CIRCUIT BREAKER

A 9&/9&t -/,$;,/ & ,=&7%,*t 8h&9h 9$* -, 7,* $/, 9,+ $ 9&/9&t *+,/ $ */%$ $ 8,$ 4$t 9*+&t&*. It & +,&/,+ th$t &t 9$* -, 7,/$t,+ %$*$ / - /,%t, 9*t/ *+,/

*/%$ 9*+&t&* $*+ $t%$t&9$ *+,/ 4$t 9*+&t&*. / th, $tt,/ 7,/$t&* $ /,$ &,+ &* th, 9&/9&t -/,$;,/. A 9&/9&t -/,$;,/ ,,*t&$ 9*&t 4 4&


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O& 8h&9h 7/+9, h+/',* 4/ $/9 ,


38/71

Th, *,'$t&5, &* 4/%,+ $/, /,$t&5, h,$5&,/ $ 9%7$/,+ t 4/,, ,,9t/* $*+ th,/,4/,*+,/ $ '&5,* ,,9t/&9 4&,+ th, &* + *t $tt$&* 44&9&,*t ,*,/' t ,$+ 9%$t&5,&*&D$t&* &* th, '$.

WORKING

I* 9,+ 7&t&* 4 th, -/,$;,/1 th, 9*t$9t /,%$&* //*+,+ - S6 '$ $t $ 7/,/,4 $-t 6KG3=.9%. Wh,* th, -/,$;,/ 7,/$t,1 th, %5&*' 9*t$9t & 7,+ $7$/t $*+ $/9& t/9t/, -,t8,,* th, 9*t$9t. Th, %5,%,*t 4 th, %5&*' 9*t$9t & *9h/*&D,+

8&th th, 7,*&*' 4 th, 5$5,1 8h&9h 7,/%&t S6 '$ $t !"K'3=.9% 7/,/, 4/% th,/,,/5&/ t th, $/9 &*t,//7t&* 9h$%-,/. Th, h&'h 7/,/, 48 4 S6 /$7&+ $-/- th,,,9t/* &* th, $/9 7$th t 4/% &%%-&, *,'$t&5, &*1 8h&9h &*,44,9t&5, $ 9h$/', 9$//&,/.Th1 %,+&% -,t8,,* th, 9*t$9t =&9; -&t 7 h&'h +&,,9t/&9 t/,*'th $*+ 9$, th,,


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I* 9h -/,$;,/ (+,'/,, 4 5$9% -,&*' 4/% !0 #t !0" t/,) & ,+ $ $/9 =,*9h&*'%,+&%. S&*9, 5$9% 44,/ th, h&'h &*$t&*' t/,*'th1 &t h$ 7,/&/ =,*9h&*'7/7,/t&, th,* $* th,/ %,+&% ,.' 8h,* 9*t$9t 4 th, -/,$;,/ $/, 7,*,+ * 5$9% 1th, &*t,//7t&* 99//,+ 4&/t 9//,*t D,/ 8&th +&,,9t/&9 t/,*'th -,t8,,* th, 9*t$9t-&+&*' $t $ /$t, 4 !000 th 4 t&%, h&'h,/ th,* th$t -t$&*,+ 8&th th,/ 9&/9&t -/,$;,/ .Th $ 5$9% $/9 & +&44,/,*t 4/% th, ',*,/$ 9$ 4 8 > h&'h 7/,/, $/9 . I* th,5$9% $/9 th, *,t/$ $t%1 &* $*+ ,,9t/* + *t 9%, 4/% th, %,+&% &* 8h&9h th,$/9 & +/$8* -t th, $/, -t$&*,+ 4/% th, ,,9t/+, th,%,5, - ,5$7/$t&*' &t /4$9,%$t,/&$ 1 -,9$, 4 th, $/', %,$* 4/,, 7$th 4/ th, ,,9t/* 1 th, +&,,9t/&9 t/,*'th 4th, 5$9% & $ !000 t&%, %/, th$* 8h,*th, '$ & ,+ $ th, &*t,//7t&*' %,+&% .

III. MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

MOCBO*, 4 th, &%7/t$*t +,5,7%,*t &* th,+,&'* 4 & 9&/9&t -/,$;,/ h$ -,,* t/,+9, th, $%*t 4 & *,,+,+. Th, th,/$+5$*t$', $/, /,+9t&* &* t$*; &D, 1/,+9t&* &* tt$ 8,&'ht $*+ /,+9t&* &*9t . It ,+ %&*&%% $%*t 4 & $*+ &* ,+ 4/ $/9 ,


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&*, $*+ &%7/t$*t &*, 8h,/, /$7&+ 7,/$t&* & +,&/,+.

F#

H&'h 7/,/, $&/ $t $ 7/,/, -,t8,,* 20 t 0 ;'3 9%2 t/,+ &* th, $&/ /,,/5&/. A&/ &t$;,* 4/% th, 9%7/,,+ $&/ t,%. Th/,, h8 &*$t/ 9%* $/, %*t,+ * th,/,,/5&/ 8&th 5$5, $t th,&/ -$&. Th, +-, $/9 ,


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R$t,+ h/t 9&/9&t -/,$;,/ 9//,*t !." ;AR$t,+ 7,/$t&*' 7/,/, !6." ;'39%2'R$t,+ G$ 7/,/, " ;'39%2'&/t 7, t 9,$/ 4$9t/ !.R$t,+ +/$t&* 4 h/t 9&/9&t 9//,*t & !." ;A 4/ ,9.

R$t,+ &*' 9h$/'&*' -/,$;,/ -/,$;&*' 9//,*t !2" A%7R$t,+ 5t$', #2." ;VR$t,+ 4/,=,*9 "0 HDR$t,+ */%$ 9//,*t 2"00 A%7R$t,+ 9&*' 5t$', 220 V +9R$t,+ 7,*&*' 5t$', 220 V +9

.?. CAPACITOR BANK

Th, 9$7$9&t/ -$*; 7/5&+, /,$9t&5, 78,/ $t '/&+-t$t&*. Th, 5t$', /,'$t&* 7/-,% 4/,=,*t

/,+9, 4 9&/9$t&* 4 /,$9t&5, 78,/.U*&;, th, $9t&5, 78,/1 /,$9t&5, 78,/ 9$* -,7/+9,+1 t/$*%&tt,+ $*+ $-/-,+ 4 9/, 8&th &*th, 9,/t$&* &%&t1 8h&9h h$5, $8$ t -, 8/;t. At$* 7&*t &* th, t,% h*t 9$7$9&t/ $/, 9%%*,+ &* $ 5t$', $*+ &* $ &D,.C$7$9&t/$/, ,+ t 9*t/ th, ,5, 4 th, 5t$',77&,+ t th, 9t%,/ - /,+9&*' / ,&%&*$t&*' th,5t$', +/7 &* th, t,% 9$,+ - &*+9t&5,/,$9t&5, $+.

A* AC t,% 9$**t 4*9t&* 8&th th, h&'h,t t/$*%&&* 9$7$-&&t $t %&*&%% 9t $*+$t th, h&'h,t ,44&9&,*9 *, th, /,$9t&5, 9%7,*$t&* & 9$/,4 $77&,+. Th, 9$7$9&t/&.,. VAR & &*t$,+ &* /,9,&5&*' -t$t&*1 $+ -t$t&* 4/ 4$t1 t$7, 9*t/ 4/,$9t&5, 78,/ 9%7,*$t&* 4 5t$', 9*t/ .

C$7$9&t/ -$*; $/, &*t$,+ 48&*' 7/7,

o T &%7/5, th, 78,/ 4$9t/ 4 th, t,% > th,/, - /,'$t&*' th, t,% 5t$',

o R,$9t&5, 78,/ 9%7,*$t&*

o T /,+9, th,

o

I*9/,$,+ 5t$', ,5, $t th, $+o R,+9,+ t,% ,

o I*9/,$, 78,/ 4$9t/ 4 $+&*' 9//,*t
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/glossary.html#Capacitorshttp://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/glossary.html#Capacitors


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43/71

PIN T#PE%

P&* t7, &*$t/ 9*&t 4 $ &*', / %t&7, h, $+$7t,+ t -, %*t,+ * $ 7&*+, t-, 4&


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,+ 8h,/, &*, & -:,9t,+ t '/,$t,/ t,*&*. / 8 5t$', &*, ( !!KV) h$9;,&*$t/ $/, ,+ $ t/$&* &*$t/.

&'.?.St/$&* t7, &*$t/

P!'t t*& )+'u4$t!"

Pt &*$t/ h$5, %,t$ -t +8* -$, $

77,+ t th/,$+. M$* ,$/ %t&7$/t &*,$/, 7tt,+ 8&th &*, 7t &*$t/ $/,7$9,%,*t. Pt &*$t/ $/, $ ,+ &*-t$t&* t &*$t, h&'h 5t$', 8&t9h&*'',$/ $*+ t/$*4/%,/. Th,/, & * h--*%-,/&*' t,% 4/ 7t &*$t/ ,t. Mt&*$t/ $/, ,+ 4/ - -$/. Pt &*$t/9*&t 4 7/9,$&* -+1 9$t &/* 9$7 $*+4$*',+ 9$t &/* -$,. Th, h, &* th, 9$7 & th, th/,$+,+ th$t th, - -$/ 9$* -,+&/,9t t 9$7.

. W$& T"$*%

L&*, t/$7 $ & ;*8* $ W$5, t/$7. Wh$t &t +, & t/$77&*' th, h&'h 4/,=,*99%%*&9$t&* &'*$ ,*t * th, &*, 4/% th, /,%t, -t$t&* $*+ +&5,/t&*' th,% t th,t,,9%3t,,7/t,9t&* 7$*, &* th, -t$t&* 9*t/ /% (th/'h 97&*' 9$7$9&t/ $*+LMU).It & $ +,5&9, ,+ t ,


45/71

&'. W$5, T/$7

;. PROTECTION S#STEM

INTRODUCTION%

Th,/, $/, +&44,/,*t 9h,%, $+7t,+ 4/ th, 7/t,9t&* 4 5$/& ,=&7%,*t 4 78,/t,% $'$&*t O5,/ Vt$', $*+ h,$5 h/t 9&/9&t 9//,*t.

CAUSES OF OVERVOLTAGE%

Th, 5,/5t$', %$ 99/ &* th, 78,/ t,% +, t.!. I*t,/*$ 9$,

2. E


46/71

A* ,,9t/&9$ +&9h$/', &* / -,t8,,* 9+1 -,t8,,* th, ,7$/$t, 9h$/', &* th, $%,9+ / -38 9+ $*+ ,$/th & 9$,+ &'ht*&*'.Th,/, $/, t8 %$&* 8$ &* 8h&9h &'ht*&*' t;, 9$* ,44,9t $ &*, &.,.

!. &/,9t t/;,

2. I*+&/,9t t/;,

;.1 PROTECTION AGAINST OVER VOLTAGES

It h$ -,,* ,,* th$t th, &*t,/*$ 9$, &* &*9/,$, th, 5t$', 4 th, 78,/ t,% /,$+-, t th$t 4 th, */%$ 7,/$t&*' 5t$', 8h,/, $ th, ,


47/71

Th, &'ht*&*' $//,t/ / /', +&5,/t,/ & $ +,5&9, 8h&9h $* ,$ 9*+9t&*' 7$th //,$t&5, 8 &%7,+$*9, 7$th 4/ th, 48 4 9//,*t 8h&9h th, t,% 5t$', &*9/,$,%/, th$* th, +,&'*,+ 5$, $*+ $'$&*t &t & /&'&*$ 7/7,/t&, 4 $* &*$t/ $t */%$5t$', .

A &'ht*&*' $//,t/ 5t$', $ * &*$t/ $t */%$ 5t$', -t 7/5&+, $ ,$ 7$th 4/th, 48 4 9//,*t $t $-*/%$ 5t$',. A '+ &'ht*&*' $//,t/ / /', +&5,/t,/ h+h$5, th, 48&*'.

($) It h+ *t t$;, $* 9//,*t * th, 8/;&*' 5t$', 4 th, t,% &* th,/ 8/+ &th+ $9t $ $* &*$t/ $t */%$ 8/;&*' 5t$',.

(-) It %t 7/5&+, $ 9*+9t&*' 7$th $ $*+ 8h,* $-*/%$ t/$*&,*t 5t$', 99/ *th, t,%.

(9) It %t -, 9$7$-, t 9$// th, +&9h$/', 9//,*t 8&th t ',tt&*' +$%$', &t ,4*+,/ $-*/%$ 9*+&t&*.

T0P"S O LI+!NIN+ A%%"STO%S: -

Th,/, $/, %$* t7, 4 &'ht*&*' $//,t/ 8h&9h $/, ,+ t 7/t,9t th, 78,/ t,%$'$&*t 5,/5t$', %, 4 th,% $/,

!. R+ '$7 $//,t/2. H/* '$7 $//,t/. %t& '$7 $//,t/?. Th/&t, $//,t/". E,9t/t&9 $//,t/

6. O


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L&'ht*&*' $//,t,/ $/, 7/t,9t&5, +,5&9, 4/ &%&t&*' /', 5t$', +, t &'ht*&*' t/&;,/ ,=&7%,*t 4$t / th,/ ,5,*t1 t 7/,5,*t +$%$', t ,=&7%,*t $*+ +&/7t&* 4,/5&9,. A 9$,+ /', $//,t,/.

L&'ht*&*' $//,t,/ $/, &*t$,+* %$* +&44,/,*t 7&,9, 4

,=&7%,*t 9h $ 78,/ 7,$*+ t8,/1 78,/ t/$*4/%,/19&/9&t -/,$;,/1 - t/9t/,1$*+ t,, 7,/t/9t/, &*-t$t&*.

VARIOUS OTHER KINDS OF

PROTECTION

;.2 DIRECTION OVERCURRENT PROTECTION%

Th, 5,/9//,*t 7/t,9t&* 9$* -, '&5,* +&/,9t&*$ 4,$t/, - $++&*' +&/,9t&*$ 5,/9//,*t 7/t,9t&* /,7*+ t 5,/ 9//,*t 4/ $ 7$/t&9$/ +&/,9t&*$ 48 &4 78,/ 48 & &*th, 77&t, +&/,9t&* th, +&/,9t&*$ 5,/ 9//,*t 7/t,9t&* /,%$&* *7,/$t&5,.&/,9t&*$ 5,/ 9//,*t 7/t,9t&* 9%7/&, 5,/ 9//,*t /,$ $*+ 78,/ +&/,9t&*$ /,$&* $ &*', /,$ 9$&*' th, 78,/ +&/,9t&*$ /,$ +, *t %,$/, th, 78,/ -t &$//$*',+ t /,7*+ t th, +&/,9t&*$ 7,/$t&* 4 /,$ & ,+ 8h,/, th, ,,9t&5&t 9$* -,$9h&,5,+ - +&/,9t&*$ /,$&*'. Th, +&/,9t&*$ /,$ /,9'*&D, th, +&/,9t&* &* 8h&9h 4$t99/ /,$t&5, t th, 9$t&* 4 th, /,$. It & ,t 9h th$t &t $9t$t, 4/ 4$t 99//&*' &*
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/glossary.html#Lightninghttp://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/glossary.html#Lightning


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*, +&/,9t&*$ *. It +, *t $9t 4/ 4$t 99//&*' &* th, th,/ +&/,9t&* $*th,/&*t,/,t&*' ,


50/71

T#PES OF RELA#

B$&9$ /,$ $/, -$,+ * t8 7/&*9&7$

o E4&(t"!:$=+&t)( $tt"$(t)!+

o E4&(t"!:$=+&t)( )+u(t)!+

Bt +&44,/,*t /,$ -$,+ * th& $/, ,+ &* th& S3S 9h $

Differentialrelay

O/F protection +FFR

Group A trip relay

C trou!le relay

Group trip relay

DR eart" #$itc"relay

O/C protectionrelay#

rea%er failurerelay

RES E/F +O/L&rotection relay

!. O&" Cu""&+t R&4$ It & ,+ &* 5,/ 9//,*t 9h,%,. O5,/ 9//,*t 7/t,9t&* & th,*$%, '&5,* t 7/t,9t,+ /,$ 9h,%, +,5&,+ t /&, &* 9//,*t &* $ 7/t,9t,+ 9&/9&t.

2. D)88&"&+t)$4 R&4$ A +&44,/,*t&$ /,$ & *, th$t 7,/$t, 8h,* th, 5,9t/ +&44,/,*9,4 t8 / %/, =$*t&t&, ,


51/71


52/71

A 5,/ &%7/t$*t +&$+5$*t$', &* &%7, -$$*9, t,% & +, t &*,=$&t&, 4 9//,*tt/$*4/%,/. H,*9, th, +&44,/,*t&$ CT h+ *t -, ,//*, / h+ -, &+,*t&9$.Th& +&$+5$*t$', 9$* $ -, 5,/9%, - &*' $ -$,+ -,$% /,$.&' &44,/,*t&$ R,$

2. DISTANCE RELA#S: -

&t$*9, / &%7,+$*9, /,$ h+ h$5, th, ,$t 7&t&* 7/,$+ &* 5$, 4 7,/$t&*'&%7,+$*9, / /,$9t$*9,. A* +,5&$t&* 4 4/% th, &%7,+$*9, ,tt&*' 9$*$ -/&*' $-t5$/&$t&* &* th, 7,/$t&* D*, ,*'th 4 th, /,$ &t ,44,9t th, /,&$-&&t 4 th, /,$7,/$t&* $*+ 5,*+,/ th, 9/+&*$t&* 4 th, 7/t,9t&* * th,* $+:&*&*' 9&/9&t %9h%/, +&44&9t. H,*9, 4/ th& /,$* th, 4&9t&t& 7,/$t&*' &%7,+$*9, h+ *t ,


53/71

*&t. I4 th$t 9//,*t ,

Th& t7, 4 /,$ & &* th, 9*:*9t&* 8&th %$&* /,$. Wh,* %$&* /,$ ,*, $* 4$t&* th, t,%1 &t &%%,+&$t, 7,/$t, th, t/&7 /,$ t +&9**,9t th, 4$t ,9t&*

AU@ILIARY RELAY:

A!#7#'r6 R07'6

A* $


54/71

, & $ ,,*t&$ $ h/t 7&,9, 4 %,t$ ( / $ 4&-, %$t,/&$ ) &*,/t,+ &* $ 9&/9&t 8h&9h%,t 8h,* $ 7/,+,t,/%&*,+ 5$, 4 9//,*t 48 th/'h &t $*+ th -/,$; th, 9&/9&t.Th, 7/t,9t&5, ,,%,*t 4 th, 4, & $ 4,&*; &*,/t,+ &* ,/&, 8&th th, 9&/9&t -,&*'7/t,9t,+ . Th, %t ',*,/$ %$t,/&$ ,+ 4/ 4, ,,%,*t & $ 8 %,t&*' 7&*t %$t,/&$9h $ t&*1 ,$+ / D&*9 ., %$ -, 8 5t$', t7, / h&'h 5t$', t7, 8 5t$',

9$* -, 4/th,/ +&5&+,+ &*t t8 9$, *$%, ,%& ,*9,+ /,8&/, $-, 4, $*+ th,9$/t/&+', t7, 4,.

;.? EARTHING S#STEM

Th, 7/5&&* 4 $* ,$/th&*' t,% 4/ $* ,,9t/&9 t,% & *,9,$/ - th, 48&*'/,$*.

I* th, ,5,*t 4 5,/ 5t$', * th, t,% +, t &'ht,*&*' +&9h$/', / th,/t,% 4$t. Th,, 7$/t 4 ,=&7%,*t1 8h&9h $/, */%$ +,$+1 $ 4/ $ 5t$',1$/, 9*9,/*,+ + *t $tt$&* +$*',/ h&'h 7t,*t&$.

I* $ th/,, 7h$,1 9&/9&t th, *,t/$ 4 th, t,% & ,$/th,+ &* /+,/ t t$-&&D, th,7t,*t&$ 4 9&/9&t 8&th /,7,9t t ,$/th.

Th, /,&t$*9, 4 ,$/th&*' t,% & +,7,*+&*' * Sh$7, $*+ %$t,/&$ 4 ,$/th ,,9t/+, ,+.

,7th &* th, &.

S7,9&4&9 /,&t$*9, 4 & //*+&*' &* th, *,&'h-/h+ 4 t,% ,,9t/+,.

PROCEDURE OF EARTHING%

T,9h*&9$ 9*&+,/$t&* th, 9//,*t 9$//&*' 7$th h+ h$5, ,*'h 9$7$9&t t +,$ 8&th%/, 4$t 9//,*t. Th, /,&t$*9, 4 ,$/th $*+ 9//,*t 7$th h+ -, 8 ,*'h t7/,5,*t 5t$', /&, -,t8,,* ,$/th $*+ *,t/$. Th, ,$/th ,,9t/+, %t -, +/&5,* &* t th,'/*+ t $ 44&9&,*t +,7th t $ t -t$&* 8,/ 5$, 4 ,$/th /,&t$*9,. T 44&9&,*t8,/,+ ,$/th /,&t$*9, $ *%-,/ 4 ,,9t/+, $/, &*,/t,+ &* th, ,$/th t $ +,7th1 th,$/, 9**,9t,+ t',th,/ t 4/% $ %,h. Th, /,&t$*9, 4 ,$/th h+ -, 4/ th, %,h &*',*,/$ &*,/t,+ &* th, ,$/th $t 0."% +,7th th, ,5,/$ 7&*t 4 %,h th,* 9**,9t,+ t,$/th ,,9t/+, / '/*+ 9*+9t&*. Th, ,$/th ,,9t/+, & %,t$ 7$t, 977,/ & ,+ 4/

,$/th 7$t,.

NEUTRAL EARTHING:

N,t/$ ,$/th&*' 4 78,/ t/$*4/%,/ $ 78,/ t,% 7,/$t, 8&th '/*+,+ *,t/$.G/*+&*' 4 *,t/$ 44,/ ,5,/$ $+5$*t$', th, *,t/$ 7&*t 4 ',*,/$t/ t/$*4/%,/ &9**,9t,+ t ,$/th +&/,9t / th/'h $ /,$9t$*9, &* %, 9$, th, *,t/$ 7&*t & ,$/th,+th/'h $* $+:t$-, /,$9t/ 4 /,$9t$*9, %$t9h,+ 8&th th, &*,.

Th, ,$/th 4$t 7/t,9t&* & -$,+ * th, %,th+ 4 *,t/$ ,$/th&*'.

Th, *,t/$ ,$/th&*' & $9&$t,+ 8&t9h',$/.


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Th, *,t/$ ,$/th&*' & 7/5&+,+ 4/ th, 7/7, 4 7/t,9t&* $/9&*' '/*+ *-$$*9,+5t$', 8&th /,7,9t t 7/t,9t&* 4/% &'ht,*&*' $*+ 4/ &%7/5,%,*t 4 th, t,%.

A* ,$/th,+ *,t/$ t,% h$ th, 48&*' $+5$*t$', A ) It 7/5&+, $ -,tt,/ 7/t,9t&* $'$&*t ,$/th 4$t.

B ) It ,*/, *,$/ 9*t$*t 5t$', 4 h,$th 7h$, -,9$, *,t/$ 7&*t & *th&4t,+.

C ) Th& t,% 7/5&+, $ -,tt,/ /,&$-&&t 4 ,/5&9, . ) It & $4,/ 4/ 7,/*$ $*+ ,=&7%,*t.E ) It /,=&/, ,,/ %$&*t,*$*9, ,


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&'. C*t/ R%MEASURING INSTRUMENT USED:

ENERGY METER T %,$/, th, ,*,/' t/$*%&tt,+ ,*,/' %,t,/ $/, 4&tt,+ tth, 7$*, t +&44,/,*t 4,,+,/ th, ,*,/' t/$*%&tt,+ & /,9/+,+ $4t,/ *, h/

/,'$/ 4/ &t MWH/1 %,t,/ & 7/5&+,+.

WATTMETERS It & $tt$9h,+ t ,$9h 4,,+,/ t /,9/+ th, 78,/ ,


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o Vt$', 4 ,$9h 9, 8h&9h h+ -, -38 2.!" t 2.2 V 7,/ 9, +/&*' t/&9;, 9h$/', &

9h,9;,+.o E,9t/t,

o E,9t/t, ,5, $*+ $++ +&t&,+ 8$t,/ $ &t & *,9,$/1 7,9&4&9 '/$5&t $*+,,9t/t, & 9h,9;,+. K,,7 th, +&t&,+ 8$t,/ 9*t$&*,/ $*+ ;,,7 %, t/$', 4+&t&,+ 8$t,/ $8$ /,$+ 4/ t77&*'.

TECHNICAL PARTICULARS%

!. A.C. &*7t ?!" 5 X!0 th/,, 7h$, "0 932. N. 4 9, !!0. C t7t !!0 9, 8h&, 77&*' $$+ 4 !@ $%7.

($) 4$t 9h$/',/ 9$7$-, 4 4$t&*'9, 4 2.6"5 7,/ 9,(-) Bt 9h$/', 220 5 $+ $t $ %$!2KV) 4/ ,5$9$t&*' 78,/ &*t th, '/&+ *,t8/; th/'h t/$*%&&* &*,.

Tr'n&4#&on o2 D't'

B,8 &* F#

INITIAL SP.GRAVITY

INAL SP.GRAVITY

ACI UANTITY WATER UANITY

![ @?0 ![ !0 !@ @#![ @2" ![ ?00 ?0 66![ @2" ![ !0 !@ @6![ ?00 ![ !0 ?" "6


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F#

C//,*t T/$*4/%,/ (CT) $*+ Pt,*t&$ T/$*4/%,/ (PT)1 &*t$,+ * t/$*%&&*&*,1 7/5&+, &*7t t t/$*+9,/ 4 SIC (S7,/5&/ I*t,/4$9, > C*t/) > RTU (R,%t,T,/%&*$ U*&t) 7$*,. C&/9&t -/,$;,/ > &$t/Q t$t $/, ,


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V&9, /,=,*9 (V) 9h$**, 4 $ th,, t,% h$5, -,,* &*t,'/$t,+3&*t,/9**,9t,+ t%$;, $ h-/&+ 9%%*&9$t&* t,%. M&9/8$5, > &-/, O7t&9 $/, %t&9h$**,9%%*&9$t&* t,% $*+ $/, $ 9$,+ QW&+,-$*+ 9%%*&9$t&* t,%Q. PLCC &&*', 9h$**, 9%%*&9$t&* t,%.

SCADA SYSTEM

I* SCAA t,% %,$/,+ 5$,1 &.,. $*$', (%,$/,+ 5$,) +$t$ (MW1 MVAR1 V1HD T/$*4/%,/ t$7 7&t&*)1 $*+ O7,*3C,+ t$t &*4/%$t&*1 &.,. +&'&t$ +$t$ (C&/9&tB/,$;,/3I$t/ 7&t&* &.,. *344 t$t)1 $/, t/$*%&tt,+ th/'h t,,9%%*&9$t&*9h$**, t /,7,9t&5, -LC. / th& 7/7, R,%t, T,/%&*$ U*&t (RTU) $t?00KV1 220KV -t$t&* h$5, -,,* &*t$,+. St,% 5$, > t$t &*4/%$t&* -,866 KV h$5, *t -,,* 7&9;,+ 7 4/ +$t$ t/$*%&&*1 ,


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. A7'r4*E0nt Lo


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Ch,9; $***9&$t&* 9h,%,

L-/&9$t, %5&*'3&*; %,9h$*&% 8h,/,5,/ /,9%%,*+,+ - %$*4$9t/,/

HT: CT&, PT& L#


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P/,5,*t&5, %$&*t,*$*9, A P,/ %$*4$9t/,//,9%%,*+$t&*

T/$*4/%,/ 7h&9$ &*7,9t&* A**$

Bh&*' 5&$ &*7,9t&* $/t,/ $*+ " ,$/

Bh&*' 9h,9; & ,5, W,,;

Bh&*' 9,$*&*' " ,$/

T/$*4/%,/ $*+ -h&*' -, t,t

" ,$/ (6 %*th t ! ,$/ 4/7,9t -h&*')

T/$*4/%,/ $*+ -h&*'

&*4/$/,+ 9$*

A**$

I*$t&*' & GA1 7h&9$1$*+ 9h,%&9$ t,t

A**$ $4t,/ 4&/t ,$/ 47,/$t&*

L,$;$', /,$9t$*9,1 T/* R$t&t,t1 SRA t,t

I4 7/-,% $/, &*+&9$t,+ - th,/t,t

C&*' 4$* &*7,9t $*+ t,t A**$

O& 7%7 $*+ %t/ &*7,9t$*+ t,t A**$

H,$t ,


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TABLE ./.$: M'#nt0n'n"0 S"0!70 o2 SF+ Br0'=0r

M'#nt0n'n"0 or T0&t R0"o440n0 Int0r'7

R,5&,8 ,=&7%,*t /$t&*' " ,$/

P/,5,*t&5, %$&*t,*$*9, P,/ %$*4$9t/,/ &*t/9t&*%$*$

R,9/+ '$ 7/,/, $*+t,%7,/$t/,1 9%7$/, 8&th

t,/$*9,

M*th

R,9/+ 7,/$t&* 9*t,/ M*th

V&$ &*7,9t&* M*th1 $**$1" ,$/

Ch,9; 4*+$t&*1 '/*+1 7$&*t " ,$/

Ch,9; ,


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&*$t&* /,&t$*9,1 78,/ 4$9t/)

R,7$9, $ &&9* 9$/-&+, $//,t,/8&th %,t$


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GENERAL SAFET# PRECAUTION REUIRED

$ D!+t 9&$" 4!!'& =$":&+t' t-& =&t ($u=-t 4&$)+= t! $(()&+t'.

, L!+= $+ u+"u4 -$)"' $"& $+=&"!u' *$"t)(u4$"4 9-&+ 9!"5)+= +&$"

"&!4)+= *$"t.

( D! +!t ':!5& +&$" *"!-),)t& $"&$.

K&&* t-& 9!"5 $"&$ (4&$+7 " $+ 8"&& !8 !,'t"u(t)!+'.

& D! +!t t!u(- !" !*&"$t& &u)*:&+t u+4&'' $"& $ut-!")& '!.

8 Lu,")($t& t-& M/C *$"t 9)t- ,!t- -$+'. U'& (!tt!+ 9$'t& ,"u'- &t(.

= E+'u"& $44 =u$"' )+ *!')t)!+ ,&8!"& M/C 9!"5)+= !+ !,.

- E+'u"& $44 :$(-)+&' (!+t"!4 !8 t-& :$(-)+& )' )+ !u" $((&''.

) E+'u"& $44 t!!4' $"& )+ =!! (!+)t)!+'. L!!5 $+ "&*!"t $+ $(()&+t

-$$".

F!" $+ )+u" 9-&t-&" ':$44 !" ,)= =&t 8)"'t $) 8)"'t.


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CONCLUSION

It h$ -,,* /,$ $ ;*8,+',$-, ,

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DTL Training Report Avnish Katiyar