Due Today:

1. Fundamentals Pre-Lab2. Fundamentals Short Report

Homework:

1. Density Part-1 Pre Lab

FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT

Refine measurement skills using instruments

Apply rules of significant figures to combine measurements for calculations

OBJECTIVE

Side AMeasure to the nearest 0.1 m

Side BMeasures to the nearest 0.1 dm

Side CMeasures to the nearest 0.1 cm

Side DMeasures to the nearest 0.1 mm

KEY TERMS

Four Stations1. Linear Measurements and Volume:

Cube

Rectangular Cuboid

Cylinder Use calipers to measure the diameter

Units: Volumes will be reported in cm3 or mm3

PROCEDURE NOTES

2. Density of Solids:Cube

Rectangular Cuboid

Units:Volumes will be reported in mm3 or cm3

Densities will be reported in g/mm3 or g/cm3

PROCEDURE NOTES

3. Linear Measurement and Area:Triangle

Rectangle

Parallelogram

Units:Areas will be reported in mm2 or cm2

PROCEDURE NOTES

4. Density of Liquids:Volume with Buret

Volumes reported to the nearest 100th mL (25.35 mL)

Volume with Graduated CylinderVolumes reported to the nearest 10th mL (12.5 mL)

Units:Densities will be reported in g/mL

PROCEDURE NOTES

Blue and Yellow liquid Down the drain

Green liquid Waste container in waste hood

WASTE

Green Solution: Isopropyl Alcohol Danger

Flammable Liquid

Mild Skin Irritation

Harmful if Swallowed

RISK ASSESSMENT

Using Calipers

Make sure the calipers read zero when closed

Use the outside jaws to measure the outer diameter or width

Use the inside jaws to measure the inner diameter

EQUIPMENT NOTES

Read & record the millimeter mark just to the left of the zero on the fixed caliper

EQUIPMENT NOTES

17.0 mm

Read & record the millimeter mark that lines up with the vernier scale (moveable) and the fixed scale.

EQUIPMENT NOTES

0.48 mm

Add the measurements together to get an accurate reading

EQUIPMENT NOTES

17 mm + 0.48 mm = 17.48 mm

ALL non-zero numbers are ALWAYS

significant

(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

ALL zeros BETWEEN non-zero numbers

are ALWAYS significant

1005

10.05

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

ALL zeros to the right of the decimal point AND at the end of the number are ALWAYS significant

501.040 – zero is significant1200 – zeros are NOT significant0.0052 – zeros are NOT significant

(leading zero)

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

ALL zeros to the left of a decimal point AND in a number are ALWAYS significant

1500.0 – zeros ARE significant1700.3 – zeros ARE significant100 – zeros are NOT significant

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Defined quantities do not limit significant figuresUnit conversions - 100 cm/mMolar massDensity

Values of constants do not limit significant figuresPi - ∏Avogadro's number - 6.022 x1023

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Addition and SubtractionThe number of decimal places determines the number of significant figures

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

7.26745.26

.2

2.1

25.23

1

2

4

Multiplication and DivisionCount the number of significant figures. Round your answer to the lowest number of significant figures.

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

30.855

85549533.30

3344.1

123123.23

8 Significant Figures

5 Significant Figures

10 Significant Figures (from calculator)

When doing a calculation with different units, convert to the smallest unitExample:Side 1 : 0.5 dm→50 mmSide 2: 2.4 cm→24 mmSide 3: 24.0mm

CALCULATIONS

0.5 dm

2.4 cm

24.0 mm

Volume of cube

V = l3

Volume of rectangular cuboid

V = l x w x h

Volume of cylinder

V = l x ∏ x r2

Area of a Triangle

A = ½ b x h

CALCULATIONS

Area of a Rectangle/ParallelogramA = l x w

The width of a parallelogram is NOT the other side

CALCULATIONS

w

Vcube = l3

Vrectangle = l x w x h

Vcylinder = l x ∏ x r2

Atriangle = ½ b x h

Arectangle = l x w

D=

SUMMARY OF CALCULATIONS