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CULTIVATION OF

WHITE BUTOON

MUSHROOM

WHITE BUTOON MUSHROOM

INTRODUCTION:-

Button mushroom (Agaricus spp) is the most popular mushroom variety grown and consumed the world over . These are produced almost throughout the year in small and large farm adopting different levels of technology. The species being grown in most form is the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and another species (Agaricus compestries)

Cultivation of white button mushroom initiation in Europe around 17th century

Netherlands is the leading exporter

Country which cultivated on a large scale –Europe ,north America ,China ,Korea ,India

The national production of mushroom is 50000 tones

Scientific Classification :-

• Kingdom – Fungi• Phylum _ Basidiomycota• Class _ Agaricomycetes• Sub class _ Homobasidiomycetidae• Order _ Agaricales• Family _ Agaricaceae• Genus _ Agaricus• Species _ Agaricus bisporus

BOTANICAL DISCRIPTION:

Vegetative mycelium is composed of many inter woven sepatate hypea

Reproductive phase is initiated by formation of small knob like swelling

Fruit body Basiodiocarp is whitish in color Thick short Stipe with an annulus

The Stipe support the Pileus which appear as hat like expansion

Underside of the Pileus gills or lamella are present

ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE:- Proteinaceous .

Sold as fresh mushroom canned or made into soups, sauces, food products.

60-70% digestibility having medicinal property.

High amount retene antagonistic effect on some form of tumors.

Lowers the blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

It contains sodium, potassium, phosphrus, linoleic acid.

Important steps in cultivation of white button mushroom:-

Spawn production Compost preparation Spawning Spawn running

Casing

Crop management

Spawn production :-

Spawn is produced from fruiting culture or stocks of selected strains of mushroom under sterile conditions. Stock culture may be produced in the lab.

Fruiting culture is mainly imported from various places.

Spawn should be of good quality in terms of flavor, texture size and longer self life.

STOCK CULTURE

HEAP OF COMPOST

COMPOST PREPARTION:-

LONG METHOD (it require 30days) SHORT METHOD(it require 16 days)

LONG METHOD:-

In this method straw of different cereals successfully utilizedStraw is composted with the help of inorganic fertilizer.

A pile is prepared using wooden mold .compost for 25 trays as mention below-

Sr. no ingredients Long method

(kg)

1 Wheat straw 300

2 Wheat bran 30

3 Ammonium sulphate

9

4 urea 3.6

5 Sulphate of potash

3

6 Super phosphate 3

7 gypsum 30

8 Lindane 1

9 Poultry manure -

Ingredients required for compost making in long method of composting:-

Long method:-

Disinfect the compost platform 2% formalin

Soaking chopped wheat straw (300kg)for 48 hrs

mixining the fertilizer 6 kg ammonium sulphate, 2.4kg urea, 3 kg sulphate of potash, 3 kg super

phosphate in 15 kg wheat bran.

Mix the soaked wheat straw and fertilizer

Prepare stack on cement platform in open space(0day)

1st turning(6th day)add water to dry

patch

2nd turning(10th day)

3rd turning(13th day) add gypsum

4th turning(16th day)

5th turning(19th day)

6th turning (22nd day)

Watering to dry patch

7th turning(25th day add Lindane 0.5% in1kg)

8th turning(28th day)

Stacked into pile of 1.3m height

Filling into tray

TRAY OF COMPOST

Short method :-

Sr. no.Sr. no. Ingredients kg

Short method kg

1 Wheat straw

300

2 Wheat bran 21.6

3 urea 4.5

4 gypsum 9

5 Lindane 1

6 Chicken manure

120

Short method:-

Soaking 300kg chopped wheat straw

Stack of wheat straw 2.5m broad and 9m high(oday)

Add chicken manure and wheat bran

Turning,tramping,stacking in anaerobic condition(2nd day)

Prepare heap add urea 4.5kg

Give 1st turning (6th day) watering to dry patch

2nd turning add gypsum (8th day)

3rd turning (10th day)

4th turning(12th day)

5th turning(14th day)

Compost fill in tray(16th day)

Filling and pasteurization:-

Disinfect the tray 5%cuso4

Filling of the tray (100x50x20)by compost

Pasteurization of room by formalin spray

Stacking of the tray one above the other

Switch on the heating coil at 60 oc temp

Maintain this temperature for24 hours

Moisture of the compost after pasteurization should be 60-70%

Cooling the compost by opening the ventilators 1/3rd

FILLING OF COMPOST IN BOX

STACK OF TRAY OF WHITE BUTOON MUSHROOM

Spawning :-

spawning means sowing of tray or bed with spawn of fungus. there are three types of spawning : 1) Surface spawning

2) Layer spawning

3) Thorough spawning

1) Surface spawning: -Remove upper layer of compost (2.5)cm and

spawn is broadcasted into compost then cover it with compost.

2) Layer spawning :-The tray are filled into 1/3rd of their capacity and

layer of grain spawn is mixed in it second layer of compost deposited on the spawn now the tray filled to 2/3rd of their capacity again place layer of spawn and compost in the tray.3) Thorough spawning :- In this case mix the grain spawn evenly. throughout the compost .200gm spawn per tray .after spawning clean newspaper sheet sterilized by dipping in 2%formaline solution.

Casing : - The process of application of casing layer on the compost surface is called casing.

Casing layer is nutrient deficient. Casing providing physical support to fruit bodies.

Prepare casing layer (sand+F.Y.M. 1:1 proportion).

Sterilized casing soil chemically or autoclaving . Bed surface exposed by removing newspaper.

Casing soil spread uniformly on this surface 3-4cm thick layer.

Maintain the temperature 250c relative humidity 85-90% for 3-4 day.

PREPRATION OF CASING SOIL

Spawn run :-

The best mycelial growth is 23-25 0c temperature.

Favorable humidity 90.35%.

To control the temperature fresh air is required.

MYCELIAL GROWTH ON TRAY

Crop management : -

The pinhead start appearing after 12-15 day of fruiting.

when pinhead develop to pea size give a little moist water spraying.

After appearance of pinhead it require 8-10 day to attain marketable size.

Harvest the mushroom once or twice a day.

MARKETABLE SIZE OF

MUSHROOM

HARVESTING OF WHITE BUTOON MUSHROOM

Clean them with brush.

Pack them in polythene bags preferably 200gm mushroom per bag or in plastic box.

Button mushroom can be canned either in brine or citric acid solution.

Yield: -

Yield obtained about 3kg /tray

15-20kg form one bed

PACKEGING OF MUSHROOM

Spawn production (7-8 days) Compost preparation (long method – 30 days) (short method _ 16 days) Spawning (1 – 2 days) Spawn running(10 – 14 days)

Casing (12 – 15 days)

Harvesting(8 -10 days)

Cropping(2 month)

Duration for cultivation of white button mushroom :-