DVM, MSc esckþIepþIm 1-Rbvtþi · 2019-10-07 · DVM, MSc Giut- ma:Ny plitkmµRCUk 4 tarag BinÞúénkarlUtlas;RbcaMéf¶ ¬ Average Daily Gain ¦ Gayu ¬Ex¦ BinÞú 100 95 90

DVM, MSc Giut- ma:Ny plitkmµRCUk

1

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bgðajfaRCUkRsukeyIgbc©úb,nñCa®bePTstVciBa©wmEdlmannaTIsMxan;dl;karplitsac; eFVICamðÚbGahar

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karEfTaM lkçxNÐrs;enA>>> BiesskarEkécñBUC.

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RCUkGacmankarrIklUtlas;xøaMg rh½sTTYl)anTinñpl. eRkABIenHvaCaRbPB nUvkarpþl;CICatisMrab;

dMNaM nigcMNIkñúgvis½yClplpgEdr .

karciBa©wmRCUkelIBIPBelakeyIgbc©úb,nñenHBMudUcKñaeLIyeRBaHenAstvtSTI20 )anbBa¢ak;fa cMnYn

srubénRCUkelIBiPBelak manrhUtdl; 927/692/033 k,al EdlkñúgenaHTVIbGasuIekþab yk

GRtax<s;CageKrhUtdl; 60° EdlRtUv nwg 555 649 620k,al TVIbGWr:ub 197 081 146k,al

EdlRtUvnwg 21° TVIbGaemric 153 823 548 k,al RtUvnwg17° ehIy2° sMrab;TVIbGaemric KW

18 767 719 k,al nigGURsþalI 2 433 000k,al Casrubvapþl;sac;)an 93207 etan (Van

chinh et al., 2002) .

2-lkçN³CIvsaRsþ

2-1 mansmtßPaBbgákMeNItx<s; ³em pþl;kUn 2-2>2sa¼qñaM ehIy1sa³ 8-12k,al


2

¬emxøHpþl;kUndl;18-24k,al¼sa¦.emGacplitTwkedaH)an 200-400lIRt¼sa. ehIykñúg4KRk

TwkedaHpþl;PaBlUtlas;kUn1KRkTm¶n;rs;.

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bMELgCatisrésEdlrMlayminTan;Gs;eBlenAkñúgeBaHevontUc.

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tamsPaBCak;EsþgBUC y:kesor-ELnERds>>>sRmbxøÜn)annwgsßanPaBRsukeyIg.

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3

4-karvaytémøRCuUkBUC

4-1 BinÞúrUbrag

RtUveRCIserIskUnEdlmaneram Es,krelag esIm-RtKakrIk-sµaTUlay b¤rIk- xøÜnEvg-xøaj;xñg

esþIg - CMhrl¥ bnÞab;mkpþl;BinÞú[vaedayEp¥ktamtaragdUcxageRkam³

taragTI1 BinÞúrUbrag

lkçN³ BinÞúGtibrma emKuN

BUC-rUbrag-eram-Es,k

k,al-k

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Rbdab;bnþBUC

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

1

2

3

3

3

3

RbPB : TCVN, 1959 sklviTüal½yksikmµTI4 Rkug hU Cimij

4-2 BinÞúlUtlas;

eKmanviFI2y:agedIm,I»ydwgBIkarlUtlas;b¤kMeNInTm¶n;RbcaMéf¶³

-karvas;RCUkedIm,I[dwgTm¶n;³ edayeRbIExSEm:RtmanPaBR)akdnigRtwmRtUvRbEhl 95-98°

EtcMeBaHkrNIRCUkmanGayu5Exb:ueNÑaH.

]TahrN¾GMBIkarvas;Em:RtedIm,I»yeyIgdwgTm¶n;edayvas;elIRCUkmYyEdlmanTMhMRTUg90s/

m nigmanRbEvgxñg 90s/m dUcKña. bnÞab;mkeyIgbMEbkxñat[ eTACaCaEm:Rt.

eyIg)anTm¶n;³ kaerTMhMRTUg ¬0/9¦2 beNþayxøÚn ¬0/9¦ 87/5 = 50/40 KRk

dUecñHeyIgGacsnñid§an)anfa³RCUkenaHmanTm¶n;RbmaNCa 50-51 KRk.

xageRkamenHCataragsþIBIGayuEdlsmamaRteTAnwgTm¶n;RCUk


4

tarag BinÞúénkarlUtlas;RbcaMéf¶ ¬Average Daily Gain¦

Gayu

¬Ex¦

BinÞú

100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

Tm¶n;

2

3

4

5

21

30

42

59

20

29

40

56

19

28

38

53

18

27

36

50

17

26

34

47

16

25

32

44

15

24

30

41

14

23

28

38

13

19

26

35

12

18

24

32

10

16

22

29

RbPB³ sklviTüal½yksikmµTI4 Rkug hU Cimij

karføwgedayCBa¢Ig³eBlRCUkmanGayueRcInCag6Ex.eRkayBIdwgGayueKeFVIkarføwgTm¶n;ehIyebI

eyIgcg; dwgfaTm¶n; enaHRtUvnwgBinÞuúb:unµanenaHRtUvepÞógpÞat;taragxageRkam³

tarag BinÞúénkarlUtlas;BIGayu RbEvgxøÜn nigTm¶n;rbs;RCUk Gayu6ExeLIgeTA

Gayu

¬Ex¦

BinÞúPaBrIkcMerIn nigkarlUtlas;

50 47 45 42 40 37 35 32 30 27 25

TMgn; ¬K>k¦

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

76

84

102

113

126

144

165

187

193

199

210

217

72

80

97

108

120

138

158

176

185

187

202

209

68

76

92

103

115

132

151

168

177

179

194

201

64

72

87

98

110

126

144

160

169

172

190

193

60

68

82

93

105

120

137

152

161

165

178

185

56

64

77

88

100

114

130

144

153

158

170

177

52

60

72

83

95

108

123

136

145

151

162

169

48

56

67

78

90

102

116

128

137

144

154

161

44

52

62

73

85

96

109

120

129

137

146

153

40

48

57

68

80

90

102

112

121

130

138

145

36

44

52

63

75

84

95

104

113

123

130

137


5

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25-26

27-29

>30

224

230

238

244

250

256

262

265

269

272

216

220

230

236

242

248

254

257

261

264

208

214

222

228

234

240

246

249

253

256

200

206

214

220

226

232

238

241

245

248

192

198

206

212

218

224

230

233

237

240

184

190

198

204

210

216

222

225

229

232

176

182

190

196

202

208

214

217

221

224

168

176

182

188

194

200

206

209

213

216

160

168

174

180

186

192

198

201

205

208

152

160

166

172

178

184

190

193

197

200

144

152

158

164

170

176

182

185

189

192

BinÞúPaBrIkcMerIn nigkarlUtlas;

50 47 45 42 40 37 35 32 30 27 25

RbEvgxøÜn ¬s>m¦

114

125

135

141

147

162

167

171

173

174

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

112

124

132

138

144

158

163

167

169

170

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

110

123

129

135

141

154

159

163

165

166

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

108

120

126

132

138

150

155

159

161

162

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

106

117

123

129

135

146

151

155

157

158

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

104

114

120

126

132

142

147

151

153

154

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

102

111

117

123

129

139

143

147

149

150

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

100

108

114

120

126

134

139

143

145

146

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

98

105

111

117

123

130

135

139

141

142

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

96

102

108

114

120

126

131

135

137

138

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

94

99

105

111

117

122

127

131

131

134

136

137

138

139

140

140

141


6

182

183

184

185

186

178

179

180

181

182

174

175

176

177

178

170

171

172

173

174

166

167

168

169

170

162

163

164

165

166

158

159

160

161

162

154

155

156

157

158

150

151

152

153

154

146

147

148

149

150

142

143

144

145

146

tarag Tm¶n; nigkarlUtlas;RbcaMéf¶rbs;RCUk

Gayu¬éf¶¦ exSay b¤Gn; ¬KRk¦ mFüm¬KRk¦ xøaMg b¤l¥¬KRk¦

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

3/60-4/50

8/20-10/00

15/00-18/20

24/50-29/10

37/30-43/20

50/00-57/30

62/70-71/40

75/00-85/00

86/80-98/20

4/50-5/50

10/00-11/80

18/20-21/40

29/10-33/60

43/20-49/10

57/30-64/50

71/40-80/00

85/00-95/00

98/20-109/50

5/50-6/40

11/80-13/60

21/40-24/50

33/60-38/20

49/10-55/50

64/50-72/70

80/00-90/00

95/00-106/80

109/50-123/20

RbPB³ Barbara E.straw nigshkarI qñaM1999

4-3BinÞúbgákMeNIt

Ep¥ktambTdæanénkarvaytémørbs; RbeTsevotNam 1980-87 eyIgGacpþl;BinÞúdl;RCUk tam

taragBinÞúbgákMeNItdUcxageRkam ³


7

tarag BinÞúénbgákMeNIt ¬bTdæanevotNam¦

fñak;Cati sib,kmµ-RKYsar

cMnYnkUn BinÞú Tm¶n;¬KRk¦ BinÞú cMnYnkUn BinÞú

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

25

29

33

37

41

44

47

50

0/8

0/9

1/00

1/10

1/20

1/30

1/40

1/50

18

22

26

30

34

38

42

46

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

RbPB³ sklviTüal½yksikmµTI4 Rkug hU Cimij

Ep¥ktamBinÞúnigtaragxagelIeyIgGaceFVIkarvaytémøRCUk edayGnuvtþn¾tamRbmaNviFIdUcxag

eRkam³

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RCUkeRtom=[¬BinÞúrUbrag4¦¬BinÞúlUtlas;6¦]¼10


8

emeronTI 1 ³ BUC nigkarbgáat;RCUk

1-BUCRCUk

1-1 BUCkñúgRsuk

1-1-1éhNaM

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xñgEG‘n -sm,úrexµAlays /ciBa©wm9-15Ex= 60-90KRk empþl;kUn= 9-12k,al/

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sm,úrexµAb¤RbepH ciBa©wm12Ex= 60KRk /empþl;kUn= 12-24k,al.

1-1-3 BUCkMBt

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9

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10

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TisedATI1³eRbIvaedIm,IEkécñCaBUCsuTærbs;xøÜn.


11

TisedATI2³ciBa©wmedayrebobCaBUCsuTæEtmþg.

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ecjBUCRCUkELnERdsdaNam:ak;BIRbeTsdaNam:ak;pgenaH vaeFVI[ELnERdshULg;køayCaRbPB

sMxan;kñúgRsukk¾dUcCaRbPBénkarnaMecjeTARKb;TIkEnøg.

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ELnERdsdaNam:ak; ¬qøgkat;RbeTs)araMg¦nigELnERdshULg; . enATsSvtSqñaM60 karrIkcMerInén

ELnERdsEb‘lsiuc RtUv)anbBa¢ak;y:agc,as;BIkarrIkcMerInånTinèplsac;rbs;va.

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g-ELnERdsGaløWm:g;³ELnERdsGaløWm:g;RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;kñúgRbeTsenHtaMgBIqñaM1904eday

CadMbUgmaneQµaHfaRCUkEkécñGaløWm:g;ehIyenAqñaM1969eTIbmaneQµaHfaELnERdsGaløWm:g; nigqñaM

1973maneQµaHELnERds BUCenHRtUv)anbegáItBImUldæanénkarEkécñrvagBUCRCUkkñúgRsuknigBUCrbs;

Gg;eKøseRcInCMnan; Biess KWmankarcUlrYménRCUky:kesor.

ELnERdsGaløWm:g; CaBUCEdlpþl;nUvsac;Rkhmx<s; xøYÜnEvg nigmansac;dMulUtlas;l¥ eCIgrwg

k RTUg sµa xñg RtKakrIksay ehtuenHeRkABIpþl;sac; vapþl;nUvkUny:ageRcIn ehIyk¾Gac sMrbsMrYl

)anCamYynwgkarciBa©wmEbb]sSahkmµ b¤ciBa©wmCasmUhPaB.

edayELnERdsGaløWm:g;pþl;Tinñplx<s; dUecñHvaRtUv)annaMecjeTAesÞIrRKb;TIEnøgelIBiPBelak

dUcCa GtItshPaBsUevot hULg; hugRKI>>>>.


12

1-2-3 BUCDuyr:uk ¬DUROC¦

CaBUCRCUke½dlmanRbPBBIshrdãGaemrik.BUCenHmanBN’elOg¬etaèt¦

BaseBjxøÜnEtmanRkcknig RcmuH PèasEPèkBN’exµA RtecokRtg;rag)ak;bnþic.

BUCenHekIteLIgRbEhlCaqñaM1860edaymankarcUlrYmbgáat;énBUCnaMcUlBN’elOgGUINEA

GaRhViknigBUCRCUkelOgeGs:,aj.enAqñaM1947eTIbBUCenH RtuUv)aneRbIR)as;BaseBjépÞRbeTs.

1-2-4 BUCEBüERdn ¬PIETRAIN¦

BUCenHmanRbPBBIEb‘lsiuc nigmaneQµaHEBüERdnenAstvtSTI20 kèúgqèaM 1953 ehIyenA

qèaM1956RtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal;TUTaMgRbeTsEb‘lsIuc.

BUCRCUkenHRtUvekIteLIgBIkarbgáat;rvag³

-BUC Berkshire Gg;eKøs nigRCUk Iberi .

- BUC Berkshire Gg;eKøs nigRCUkkèúgRsukrbs;Eb‘lsiuc

-BUC Berkshire Gg;eKøs nigRCUkéRB

BUCEBüERdnmanBN’sRbepHrYmCamYysèamRkhmRsal-exµAedaykEnøg elIEs,knigeram .

EBüERdn mank,altUc RtecokxøI xøÜnEvg ehiIymansac;dMuFM²enAelIxñg RtKak sµa .lkçN³Biess

CagenHKWvaman sac;dMuFM²enAePøA ehIyeCIgTaMgbYnmansPaBxøInigtUc.

BUCEBüERdnmankarrIkcMerInxøaMgenAdMNak;kaleRtom ehIyenAeBlmanTm¶n;RbEhlCa 75

dl;80KILÚRkameLIgeTAenaHkarlUtlas;mansPaByWtbnþic b:uEnþCaTUeTAel,ÓnénkarlUtlas;kñúg


13

dMNak;kalBI30-90KRkKW 760Rkam¼éf¶. BUCEBüERdnRtUv)aneKniymeRbIeFVICa)a.

g- BUChaMesor ¬HAMPSHIRE ¦

manBN’exAµTaMgeramTaMgEs,kEtmanqèÚtBN’senAmYyCMurgVg;sµaehIyFøak;cuHdl;eCIgmux.

vaman RtecokRtg;Qr xñgekag eCIgragxøIbnþic .

CaBUCRCUkEdlciBa©wmrh½sFM KuNPaBsac;l¥ GRtakUneRcIn BUEkciBa©wmkUn sMbUrTwkedaH.

1-2 bgáat;BUC

1-2-1 bgáat;BUCsuT§

KåCakareRbIR)as;BUCEtmYyedIm,Ibgáat;CamYyKña. karbgáat; EbbenHvaGac³

-rkSa)annUvlkçN³nigrUbragrbs; em )a .

-eFIVeGaykan;EtRbesIreLIgnUvplitPaBrbs;Éktþén BUCEtmYy.

-rkSa[)annUvmrtkBUCl¥²ehIyCMruHecalnUvlkçN³Gn;EdlmanBIdUntaCMnan;mun.

TnÞwmenHvaGacpþl;bEnßmnUv lkçN³Biessl¥²dl;kUnecACMnan;eRkay.

Yorkshire Yorkshire

F1


14

1-2-2 bgáat;køay

k-bgáat;qøas; (Rotation breed cross)

KWCakarbgáat;rvagkYnkat;jI (F1) rbs;em)aBUCBIrepSgKñaCamYynwg)aEdlCaBUCdUcemnig)a

tam lMdab;qøas;t²Kña

*bgáat;qøas;2BUC

Yorkshire ¬eQµal¦ Landrace¬jI¦

F1 Yorkshire ¬eQµal¦

F2 Landrace¬eQµal¦

F3

viFIenHmanRbeyaCn_Rtg;fa eKeRbIem b¤ )aEdlmancMnYntic ehIyplit)ankUn¬jI¦ eRcInedIm,I

bnþkarbgákMeNIt.

*bgáat;qøas;3BUC ¬bgáat;CuM¦

cMeBaHkarbgáat;qøas;cab;BI3BUCeLIgeTA eKGac ehAvafabgáat;vilb¤bgáat;CuMk¾)an.

Yorkshire ¬eQµal¦ Landrace¬jI¦

F1 Duroc¬eQµal¦

F2 Yorkshire¬eQµal¦

F3 Landrace¬eQaµl¦

F4 Duroc¬eQµal¦ F5

x-bgáat;bBa©b; (Terminal breed cross) ¬]sSahkmµ - esdækic© )

KWCavIFIbgáat;2b¤3BUCepSgKñaedIm,IykkUnlk;yksac;Etmþg .karbgáat;d¾samBaØenHvapþMúyk

lkçN³l¥rbs;em-)a dUcCarh½sFMnigmansuxPaBl¥CaedIm .

* bgáat;esdækic©samBaØ (Two way cross)

eKGacehA müa:geTotbgáat;esdækic©2BUC ¬jatþi¦ b¤bgáat; esdækic©BIrQam. karbgáat;enH

RtUvkarEt2BYCbgáat;cUlKñaehIy kUn F1TaMgjIb¤eQµalRtUveRbIsMrab;yksac;.


15

edIm,Ibgáat;esdækic©2QamTTYl)anpll¥ ¬sac;¦Kb,I RtUuvbgáat;³

jI y:keso CamYy )aDuyr:uk

jI ELnERds CamYy )aDuyr:uk

jI y:keso b¤ELnERds CamYuy)a Piertrain

* bgáat;esdækic©3Qam (Three way crossing)

eKbnþykjI F1eTAbgáat;CamYy)aBUCepSg edIm,I plitkUn F2ykeTAbMerIEpñkesdækic© ehIy

manlkçN³suT§Cag juI F1. CagenHlkçN³Gn;fyrbs;jI F1Edl)anBIkarbgáat;2Qamnwg)at;bg;

xøHeBl bgáat;bnþrhUtdl;3Qam.

* bgáat;esdækic©4Qam (Four way crossing)

kYnkat;Edl)anBIkarbgáat; enHeKehAfakUnkat;bnSMeRBaHem)arbs;suT§Etkat; F1 EdlekIt

ecj BIkarbgáat; esdækic© samBaØ.

Yorkshire Landrace Duroc Pietrain

F1 F1

4Qam

eKalbMNgénkarbgáat;enHedIm,I[)anTinñiplx<s;CagdUn -ta EtcMnucexSayRtg;fa plitpl

cugeRkayrbs;vaTabCagkarbgáat;2b¤3Qam.

3- kareRCIserIsBUC

RtUveRCIserIsticbMputk¾mancMnYn3elIkEdr³

-eBlRCUkmanGayu 2 eTA3s)þah¾

-eBlkUnRCUkpþac;edaH

-eBlRCUkmanGayu 6-7Ex

edIm,IeRCIserIsBUCeyIgKb,IRtUvdwgBIRbvtþirUbrbs;RCUk edaykUnEdlmanbMNgeFVICaBUCRtUverIs

ecjBIem-)aEdll¥søÚtbUtnigmanlkçN³Biessrbs;va¬lkçN³BiessénRCUksac;nigRCUkBUC¦

nigman kUnenArs;ehacNas;k¾8k,alEdr.


16

4-lkçN³Biessrbs;RCUk

4-1 RCUksac; ³

-rUbrag ³ xøÜnEvg/ePøAFM/ Tm¶n;F¶n;

-snÞsSn¾énkareRbIR)as;cMNITab ¬Fmµta=3/2-3/6KRk/l¥=1-2/5KRk¦

-ciBa©wmrh½sFM

-Fn;Cm¶W

-Tinñplsac;=sac;RkhmeRcIn-¬BN’kULab¦sac;puy

4-2 RCUkBUC

yklkçN³ 5ya:grbs;RCUksac; + 2cMNuc³

1 >jI-eQµal=manedaH 6KUeLIgeTA

2>jI ³ ecHciBa©wmkUn

eQµal³ TwkkammanKuNPaBx<s;


17

emeronTI2 ³ cMNI nigmCÆdæanciBa©wmRCÚk

1-mCÆdæanciBa©wm

1-1 GakasFatu nigTisedAsagsg;RTug

k-GakasFatu³ RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaman ³

-TItaMg³ tMbn;\NÐÚcinénGasIuGeKñy¾ cenøaHExSRsbTI 10-15 énry³TTWgxageCIg nigExS

beNþayTI 102 -108 énry³beNþayxagekIt .

-RBMRbTl;³evotNam¬ekIt¦-Lavnigesom¬eCIg¦-esom¬lic¦-esom nig Gulf of Thailand ¬t,úúÚg¦

-GakasFatu ³ mFüm 27-29 0C. rdUvR)aMgmansItuNðPaB¬Gb,=29 0C /Gti=37-38 0C

rIÉrdUvvsSamansItuNðPaB¬ Gb,=25-26 0C /Gti=27/5-280C ¦rdUvvsSa Kitcab;BIEx]sPadl;

Extula¦/ ehIyrdUvR)aMgKitcab;BIEx vicäikadl;Exemsa¬rdUvrMehIyExvicäika-FñÚ-mkra¦.

karFøak;ePøogdMbUgCaehtueFVI[mankarERbRbYlBIekþAeTAesIm + karbgçaMgeRcInxusbTdæan

CaehtueFVI[RCUksøab;Pøam² ¬eRBaHRTugkMBugekþA minTan;manxül;ecjcUll¥¦.

CamYyKñaenHemX k¾RtCak;eFVI[sa¼kaystVmankarERbRbYl¬begáInkarbnþÚrrUbFatu¦+ cMNIxVH


18

famBlCaehtueFVI[stVfmfyfamBl ehIyCabeNþIrvanwgsøab;.

ehIyedayrdUvenHkMeNInxül;ekIneFVI[RCUk)at;bg;kMedA nig)at;TWkeRcIn CaehtuGacsøab;)an.

RBHGaTitübeBa©jkMedAeFVI;RCUkFujRTan;minsUvsIu CaehtueFVI[karlUtlas;exSay stVfmfy

kmøaMgehIycuHexSay RbsinebIxül;ekþAsa¼kay)at;CatiTwk¬eRBaHdkegðimjab;¦CaehtueFVI;vasøab;.

¬ RCUkCastVKµanRkeBjejIsehtuenH RtUvpþl;Twk[)aneRcIn¦

x-karsagsg;RTug³

|sanþ-nirtI

lic¬bs©wm¦- ekIt¬bUB’¦

1-2 CRmk nigRTug

sMrab;bgçaMgedIm,I ³

-karBarktþaGaRkk;TaMgLay ¬stVsahav/Cm¶WepSg²>>>¦

-bgál¼x l¥dl;karRsavRCav

-CakEnøgsmRsbdl;karlUtlas;

1-3 CBa¢aMg

-cMeBaH)a ³kMBs; 1/2 -1/6 Em:Rt nigkRmas; 20-30 sgÞIEm:Rt

-cMeBaHemepIm-sac; ³kMBs; 0/7-0/8 Em:Rt nigkRmas; 10-12sgÞIEm:Rt

-cMeBaHemciBa©wmkUn ³kMBs; 0/6-0/7 Em:Rt nigkRmas; 10 sgÞIEm:Rt


19

1-4 kRmal

-CaEpñkrgTm¶n;³ eBlstVmanTm¶n; 180-250KRk vamansMBaFsgát;xøaMgeFVI[gayxUc

-CakEnøge½dlrkSasI¼PaBstVeBlvaedk

dUcenHkRmalRtUvrwgmaM nigkMu[dk;Twk-lamk-Twkenam>>>eRBaHGMeNaypldl;karlUtlas;

rbs;emeraK.

¬kEnøgkRmalgayxUcxatKW Ek,rsñÚk eRBaHCakEnøgRbCMuénRCUk nigkaksMNl;RCuH¦

-kRmalRTugRtUvmanCRmal 2-3°¬RCUkBUC¦nig 3-4°¬RCUksac;¦

2>1>5 dMbUl

KRmUdMbUlmaneRcInEbbEdlmanRbeyaCn¾edayELkBIKña

k-dMbUlmYyCan;³

-plRbeyaCn¾ ³RtCak;xül;ecjcUll¥ eRBaH sMeNImnigsI¼PaB bMPayecjl¥

-vibtþi ³ ePøógsac-BnøÅCHcUl-xül;bk;cUlxøaMg>>>ebImincab;GarmµN¾dl;TisedAénkarsg;RTug

k1 ³mansMyab³

-plRbeyaCn¾ ³RtCak;xül;ecjcUll¥ eRBaH sMeNImnigsI¼PaB bMPayecjl¥

EtrdUvekþAxül; Bi)akcUl.

-vibtþ³cMNayR)ak;Efm


20

k-dMbUlmYyCan;³mansMyabnigGt;sMyab

x-dMbUlmYyCan;mansøabBIr

KuNsm,tþi ³

-snSM)anTMhMdIebIeFobCamYyRTugdMbUlsøabmYy

-rkSa)annUvkMedA¬PaBkk;ekþA¦enArdUvrgar

-GacsagEfmnUvCBa¢aMgkNþalb¤kat;TTwgeragbegáItCaRTugbgáPaBgayRsYldl;karRCknigedkEdl

GacecosvagnUvsMNacTwkePøóg xül; BnøWRBHGaTitü>>>.

vibtþi³rkSakMedAenArdUvekþA EdleFVI[RTugmansPaBkk;ekþA eRBaHsMeNIm nigkMedAminGac

ebiIugmkeRkA.


21

K-dMbUlBIrCan;mansøabBIr

RtuUv)aneKniymkñúgkarciBa©wm ehIyvimaRtRbhak;RbEhleragdMbUlmYyCan;søabBIrEdreday

RKan;EtenAelIdMbUlmanEfmdMbUltUcmYyCan;eTotedIm,IbgáPaBgayRsYldl;xül;ecjcUlenArdUvekþA

-KuNsm,tþi³

- snSM)anTMhMdIebIeFobCamYyRTugdMbUlsøabmYy

-xül;ecjcuUl)anl¥CagRTugdMbUlsøabBIreRBaHxül;ekþAgayPayecjtamcenøaHdMbUlEdlbEnßm

BIelI.

-GacsagEfmnUvCBa¢aMgkNþal b¤kat;TTwgeragbegáItCaRTug bgáPaBgayRsYldl;karRCk

nigedk EdlGacecosvagnUvsMnacTwkePøóg xül; BnøWRBHGaTitü>>>.

vibtþi³

-cMNayfvikaGs;eRcIn

-ePøóg xül; GacnwgsactamcenøaHdMbUl Edlsg;Efm.

X-sñÚkcMNI nigTwk

-kUnRCUk ¼k,al³ kMBs; 10-15 sm/ beNþay 20sm

-eBjv½y¼k,al ³ kMBs; 20 sm/ beNþay 30-40sm


22

g-kRmitbgçaMg

)a ³ 9-12/5 m2¼k,al

jI ³

-kMBugbMe)A ³12 m2¼k,al

-epIm ³ 1/5-2/5 m2¼k,al

-eRtom ³ 1/5m2¼k,al

sac;³ 1/5m2¼k,al

pþac;edaH ³ 0/2 +0/5 m2¼k,al=0/7 m

2


23

2-2 FatusMxan;²epSgeTot

2-2-1 briyakas ³briyakasman 3 RsTab;³

-mNÐlGakasrcl; ¬Tropospher¦mankMBs; 0-17 Km eFobsmuRT

-mNÐlGakass¶b;¬Stratospher¦mankMBs; 17-48 Km eFobsmuRT

-emsUEsV ¬Mesospher¦sßitelImNÐlGakass¶b;.

mNÐlGakasrcl; manGasUt 78°/GuksuIEsn RbEhl 21°/ EpñkEdlenAsl;man

kabUnik³ 0/03° /cMhayTwk 1-2°/ ]sµ½nkRmepSgeTot³ sulpYrW/Gam:Ujak;>>>nig)ak;etrI/pSit

eTaHbIkñúgFmµCatisMbUrGuksIuEsnk¾eday k¾tamsPaBCak;Esþgkñúgvis½yciBa©wmRCUkEtgxVHCanic©

eRBaH ³

-kRmitbgçaMghYskMNt;

-kgVHxül;ecjcUlnigGnam½ykñúgRTugeFVIkaksMNl;EdlstVbeBa©j¬kabUnic/cMhayTwkenam/

Gam:Ujak;-sulpYrW>>>¦CH\T§iBldl;RbBn§½degðIm.

-kgVHGuksIuEsnxøaMgeFVI[RCUk fb;degðImsøab; ¬RcLMCm¶WsarTwk¦

-kgVHGuksIuEsn eFVI[Gg;TIK½r fycuH stVfyTm¶n;/gayrgCm¶W/karbgákMeNItfycuH>>>

edIm,IFanaRKb;RKan;GuksIuEsn kñúgRTugRtUvmanGuksIuEsn 16° nigmanel,Ónxül; 0/5-1m¼vinaTI.

2-2-2 Twk

CasrubRCUkRtUvkarTwk=45-50lIRt¼éf¶ ¬duslagxøÜn RTug sñÚk>>>¦nigERbRbYltamrdUvsMrab;

karpwk³

-RCUkTm¶n; 10-25 KRk = 4-5 lIRt¼éf¶

-RCUkTm¶n; 25-50 KRk 7lIRt¼éf¶

-RCUkTm¶n; 50-100 KRk = 7-12lIRt¼éf¶

TwkRtUvKµan ³emeraK/ CatiBul>>>

k-TwkGNþÚg ³


24

CaTUeTAvaman sUdüÚm 500mRk¼lIRt CYnkalmandl; 3000mRk¼lIRt

ma:s; sUdüÚmebImandl; 1320 mRk¼lIRt minTan;bgáeRKaHfñak;dl;stVenAeLIyeT. ebIsinsuYdüÚm

bMELgCa nIRTIt¬eBlvapSMCamYy Edk/Tg;Edg/s<an;F½r///¦vabgá[Buldl;RCUk.

x-Twkbwg/RtBaMg/Tenø ³

manRbPBrs;enAénemeraK ¬saksBstVgab;-lamk>>>¦Biess karraldalén ³Salmonella,

E.Coli, Camphylobacter, Shigella, Treponema, Leptospira, Pseudomonas tamTwkCMnn;FM.

RtUvRbytñ½Er:BulEdlrlaykñúgTwk bwg/Tenø>>>eBalKWminRtUv[vapwkeT.

minfaTwkGNþÚg b¤Tenø>>>suT§EtmanemeraK ehtuenHRtuvsMGatykeRbIR)as;b¤rMgab;eday ³

Calcium Hypochlorite 50 Grame/50m3 Twk/ Chlorine 2-10mg/lit Twk/

cMeBaHTwkbwg³eyIgGaceRbI Eua de Javel 100g/10m3 edIm,IsMGatTwk

K-TwkePøóg k¾GaceRbIR)as;)ankñúgkarciBa©wmRCUkEdr Etvak¾manemeraK nigGasIut¬eRBaHRsk;

kat;briyakasEdlmanFUlI nigEpSgeragcRk///¦ehtuenHKYreFVIGagsþúkb¤cMeraHsinmunnwgeRbIva.

2-2-3 sarFatuciBa©wm

k-Gtßn½y ³sarFatuciBa©wmpþl;sMrab; ³

-RTRTg;suxPaB

-KuNPaBplit¬karlUtlas;-bgákMeNIt¦

x-tulüPaBénsarFatuciBa©wmkñúgcMNI


25

sMxan;KW³ tulüPaBGasIutGamIn -tulüPaBrvagfamBl nig RbU>GIun -bnÞab;mkvItamIn

K-karEkécñcMNI

edIm,I[RCUkmankarrMlayl¥ ³ sI¼PaB-mIRkUsarBagÁkay>>>

X-bEnßmsarFatuepSgeTotedIm,ICYyRbdab;rMlayGahar[ekInskmµPaB b¤l¥ ³ eBalKWeRbI

Gg;sIum-GasIutsrIragÁ>>>

g-RbPBnigdMbn; ³ bEnßmcMNIEdlmankñúgtMbn;edIm,I[témøcMNIefak

ral;sarFatuciBa©wmERbRbYltam³ BUC-Gayu-Tm¶n;-ePT-dMNak;kalbgákMeNIt-mCÄdæan-

lkçxNÐEfTaM >>>

smasFatu Tm¶n;¬KRk¦ eRtom

)a-em

bMe)A

1-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-110

RbUetGIun ¬°¦ 24 20 18* 15* 13* 12* 13*

famBl¬Kcal/kg¦ 3220 3240 3250 3260 3275 3210 3210

lIsIun° 1/4 1/15 0/95 0/75 0/60 0/43 0/60

emtüÚnIn-sIusÞIn° 0/68 0/58 0/48 0/41 0/34 0/23 0/36

RTIBtUhVan° 0/20 0/17 0/14 0/12 0/10 0/09 0/12

kal;süÚm° 0/90 0/8 0/7 0/6 0/5 0/75 0/75

pUsV½r° 0/7 0/65 0/6 0/5 0/4 0/6 0/6

Tm¶n;cMNI¬Rk¼éf¶¦ 250 460 950 1900 3110 1900 5300

kMeNInTm¶n;¬Rk¼éf¶¦ 200 250 450 700 820

RbPB ³ NRC (OHAYO) 1988 (Cited by Nguyen Ngoc Tuan-Tran Thi Dan 1999)

c-bNþasarFatuciBa©wm ³ rYmman ³ RbUetGIun- KøúysIut-lIBIt-sarFatuxniC¬Er:¦-vItamiIn

- RbUetGIun³


26

CasarFatuciBa©wmEdlmanTMnak;TMngdl;karrs;ranrbs;stV b:uEnþRCUkminGacsnSMvaTuk)aneLIy

ehtuenHeKRtUvpþl;[vaCaerogral;éf¶.

cMNIpþl;nUv RbUetGIun manenA ³

-plitplEdlmanedImkMeNItBIstV

- plitplEdlmanedImkMeNItBIrukçCati

CaTUeTAGRta RbUetGIun enAkñúgplitplEdlmanedImkMeNItBI ³stVeRcInCagrukçCati

]- emSARtITwksabmanRbUetGIun = 50-60°/sENþkdImanRbUetGIun =45-54° /sENþkesog

manRbUetGIun =40-45°. eRkABIenHcMNIpþl;famBl¬mUldæan¦k¾manRbUetGIunEdrEtticCag 20° .

varYmman³ eBat-cugGgár¬RbU/GIun³8-11°¦-knÞk;¬9-13°¦-dMLÚgmI¬2-3°¦///CaedIm

*tRmUvkar RbUetGIun³ tam Kotabanska ³

-ERbRbYltamTm¶n;³kan;EtFMkñúgcMNIpSMmanRbU/GIunkan;Etfy¬taragTMB½r32¦

-ERbRbYltamePT ³ )aBUC > jIBUC / jiIsac; > eQµaleRkov

-ERbRbYltamBUC ³BUCsac; > BUCxøaj; ¬Local¦

ebIxVHRbUetGIun³ stVminsUvsIu ¬eRBaHlkçN³q¶aj;mat;fycuH¦ karlUtlas;yWt-karbgákMeNIt

Gn; ¬eRBaHkRmitrlayTab¦/Es,ks¶ÜtnigsuxPaBTn;exSay.

KuNPaBRbUetGIun ³ GaRs½yGasIutGamIen ¬manRbEhl 20RbePT¦BiessGasIut GamiIen

sMxan;TaMg10 ³ PHILL V MATT kñúgenaHEtgxVHenAkñúgcMNIpSM ³ Lys-Met-Tryp.

edIm,IFana[stVRCUkmankarlUtlas;l¥enaHcMNIRtUvmanRbU/GIun 16° dl; 22-24°.

BiesaFn¾mYy)anbgðajfa³eBlEdlcMNImantulüPaBGasIutGamInenaHeKeRbIRbU/GIunEt11-12°

b:ueNÑaHRCUk)aneLIgsac; 585Rk¼éf¶ ebIKµantulüPaBvijenaHeKeRbI22°)anekIn585Rk¼éf¶ (VoVan Ninh)


27


28

taragGasIutGamIenkñúgFatumYycMnYn

DM Argi Cyst Gly Histidin Iso Leu Lys Met Phenyl Threo Tryp Tyrosine valine

eBat 852 4.3 3.8 3.3 2.6 3.0 11.1 2.5 2.3 4.5 3.2 0.4 3.9 4.3

cugGgár 890 6.2 0.8 6.3 1.7 3.5 5.2 2.4 1.5 3.6 2.9 1.3 4.1 5.0

m>s>s 861 35.3 12.0 19.5 12.6 20.3 35 28.5 7.9 23 17.9 5.5 17.7 22.2

m>RtI 918* 40.5 6.4 50.6 14.1 26.1 44.6 48.2 15.2 28.8 24.9 6.92 21.4 30.7

*918 g = 91.8% or 6.4 g = 0.64%

meal fish 47% meal fish 38% Soy bean s>dI Corn

Tryp 0.7 0.63 0.62 0.54 0.067


29

TisedAénkarciBa©wmRCUksac;KWGacbnßyRbUetGIunkñúgcMNI EtRtUvEfm GasIutGamIn CamYyKña

EdrtMélcMNIk¾cuHefak.

RkumBiesaFn¾ kMeNInTm¶n; cMNIsIucUl FCR

18°RbUetGIun¬eBat +ss¦ 270Rk¼éf¶ 440Rk ?

14°RbUetGIun+0/5°lIsIun +0.05%Tryp

290Rk¼éf¶ 460Rk ?

rUbmnþ 2 + 0.13%Tryp 300Rk¼éf¶ 470Rk ?

kalNaGasIutGamInsMxan; manRKb;RKan; eTibGacRsUbykGasIutGamInminsMxan; ebImindUecñH

GasIutGamInFmµtanwgpþac; r:aDIkal;GamIn¬ NH2¦.

(UREA)

ebIxVHGasIutGamInRtUvEfmPøammin[elIsBI 36em:ageLIy ebImindUecñHeT vaminGacbBa¢ab;

)aneT.

Lys ³ NH2-(CH2)4-CH2-COOH

NH2

CaGasIutGamInsMxan;TI1 EdlmannaTIkñúgkarsMeyaKRbUetGIun¬ BiessKW eGm:UkøÚb‘Ín ¦.

ebIxVHva³RbUetGIunkñúgQamfycuH¬xatbg;RbU/GIun¼QamenaHKW γ, α globulin¦ Edlman

\T§iBldl;PaBFn;énCm¶W¬PaBsaMu¦rbs;RCUk.

-cMeBaHkUnRCUk ³ man\T§iBldl;Rb>RbsaT →k¥Ütceg¥ar→lUtlas;yWt


30

-emRCUk nig)a ³kargareRbIR)as;GasUtTab→smtßPaBsMeyaKekasikafy→ehtuenH stVman

TisedAlUtlas;Etxøaj; →smtßPaBbgákMeNItexSay.

-RCUksac; ³man\Ti§Bldl;Calikasac;Rkhm→vimaRtsac;cmøktUc→GRtasac;RkhmTab

→dUecñHkarEfm lIsIun kñúgcMNI→sac;cmøkRtUv)anCYsCul.

TnÞwmenHsnÞsSn¾énkareRbIR)as;cMNI k¾RtUv)ancuHTabpgEdr.

-karelIs lIsIun eFVI[mankarfycuHnuvsmamaRt Arginine EdlsMxan;sMrab;man; EtebIcMNI

xVH Arginine k¾minGacbMeBjvaeday lIsIun )anEdr luHRtaEteRbI Arginine vijeTIb)an.

Methionine cUlrYmkñúgkar

-sMeyaKRbUetGIunkñúgQam nigTwkedaH nigFana)annUvkarlUtlas;énerampgEdr.

-vaFana)annUvskmµPaB eføImedIm,IkarBarRbqaMgCatiBul nig)anbegáIteLIignUv Choline

-vacUlrYmkñúgkarsMeyaKGrm:UnlUtlas; énRk/GIub:UPis mux

eBlxVHva ³ eFVI[stVmanCm¶Wxøaj;rMuefIøm nig\T§iBldl;skmµPaBRbsaT xVHQam¬karlUt

las;exSay¦-sac;dMusVit-RCuHeram- FCRekIn.

]-TMnak;TMng rvag Met nig B12

k-cMNImUldæan → RCUkekInTm¶n; 100° ¬] -100Rk¦

x-cMNImUldæan + Met → RCUkekInTm¶n; 107° ¬107Rk¦

K-cMNImUldæan + Met+ B12 → RCUkekInTm¶n; 122° ¬122Rk¦

eRBaH B12 cUlrYmkñúgkarsMeyaK Met BI Homocystein (Cystein)

*karbEnßm Lys nig Met Gackat;bnßynUvGRtaénkareRbIR)as;emSARtI. Rerat(1963)kar

bEnßm 230Rk Lys snSMsMéc)anemSARtI 10KRk .

-Tryp

man TMnak;TMngy:agsMxan;CamYy Niacin (Vitamin PP) eyIgGacfa Vitamin PP ekItecj BI

Tryp.RbsinebIxVH PP enaHvanwgxVH Tryp Edr.krNIeRbIeBateRcIn RtUvcab;GarmµN¾eTAelI Tryp

¬eBatman Tryp ticehIy PPk¾ticEdr¦.


31

Tryp + aa ≠ → sMeyaKbegáItRbUetGIunsMrab;sa¼kay

Tryp man TM¼TMdl;karplitGrm:UnbgákMeNIt

eBlxVHva ³ stVRCUkjIedayeQµalyWt nigrkSaKP’min)anl¥ stVRCUk)a ³eFVI[)amanRbdab;bnþ

BUCsVit ehIyCH\T§iBldl;KuNPaBTwkkam.stVmanCm¶WelIEs,k/rlakGNþatnigmanCm¶WGNþatexµA

elI stVEqá rlaksrésRbsaT /rak b¤rlakRkBH.

BiesaFn¾mYy)anbBa¢ak;fa ³

]-cMNImUldæan→ RCUkekInTm¶n; 100°

cMNImUldæan + Tryp → RCUkekInTm¶n; 174°

cMNImUldæan+ Tryp+ Acid Nicotic → RCUkekInTm¶n; 204°

Threonine :

begáInkarsnSMTukén nIRtUEsn.vamaneRcInkñúgTwkedaHdMbUg¬rbs;em¦EdlcUlrYmkñúgkarsMeyaK

RbUetGIunénPaBsaMu.

eBlxVH ³RCUkjIBeBaH eFVI[TwkedaHdMbUgnwgxVHRbU/GIunPaBsaMu →kUnRCUkfycuHPaBsaMu →rak

-vamanTMnak;TMngdl;Gg;sIumrMlayGahar → fynUvsmtßPaBrMlayGahar

KøúysIut

CacMNIpþl;nUvfamBl eKGacniyaymYyEbbeTotfa vaCacMNIpþl;nUvkMedA. vaekþabykGRta

eRcInCageKenAkñúgcMNIstV.

-rkSatulüPaBkMedArbs;sa¼kay

eBlRCUkxVHva ³ RCUkj½rjak; /minGacsMeyaKRbU/GIunedIm,IplitCaTwkedaH nigGac[RCUk

ehImedaH .Bi)akrMlayGahar ¬ehImeBaH>>>¦.

-CakMLaMgedIm,IbegáItskmµPaBkargar

eBlxVHva³-RCUkresHresaH-fmfykMLaMg-)at;bg;PaBFn;Cm¶W.

-bgáCaxøaj;bMrug³

sIueRcInFat;/eBlxVH eføImnwgbMErbMrYlCatixøaj;[køayCasáredim,I[sa¼kay eRbIR)as; Caehtu

eFVI[ RCUksÁm nigfmfykMLaMg.


32

cMeBaHkUnRCUkenAs)þah¾dMbUgRbPBcMNIEdlsMxan;sMrab;vaKW Lak;tUs e½dlmanenAkñúgTwkedaH

nigKøuúykUs eRBaHvapþl;famBldl;RCUk.

kUnRCUkEdleTIbsMralkñúgkrNIEdlemxVHTwkedaH ebIeyIgeRbI sársak;kar:Us edIm,IbegáiItCa

famBl[vaenaH vaEbrCaeFVI[kUnRCUkrakeTAvijeT . sßanPaBenHeyIgeXiIjkUnRCUk snøb;snøinF¶n;F¶r

ehIyQaneTArkesckþIsøab; eRBaHfa kUnRCUkEdleTiIbnwgekItmk KµanGg;sIum sak;kar:as eT

rhUtdl;Gayu 1s)þah¾ eTIbvaekIteLIg ehIyenAs)þah¾TI 2 eTIbekItxøaMg ehtuenHeyiIgGacniyayfa

Gg;sIumenH ekIntamGayu.

Rcasmkvij Gg;sIum Lak;tas k¾dUecñaHEdr vaEdrCaEbrCafy tamGayu cab;BIs)þah¾TI 3

rhUt dl;s)aþh¾ TI 6-7 . rIÉ m:al;tas eBlekItmkmanskmµPaBexSay EtvanwgekIneLIg tam

GayuEdr.

ehtuenHebIemCYbkrNIxVHTwkedaH RtUveRbI sár Lak;tUs b¤ KøúykUs.

GamIdug ³karrMlayvaBwgelI GamILasén RkeBjTwkmat; ¬kUnRCUkmanticmin)ac;niyaydl;¦

eRkABIenHRkeBjlMEBge½dlbeBa©jcUleTAkñúgeBaHevonCaGñkrMlayGamIdug.

EsluyLÚs=Catisrés

vacaM)ac;sMrab;RCUk eRBaHvabegáItGarmµN¾[Eq¥tnigbegáInkarrMlayGaharkñúgeBaHevon.

kñúgvis½yciBa©wmRCUk caM)ac;RtUvpþl;Catisrés tamry³bEnøébtg edIm,ICMrujkarlUtlas;/begáIn

maDénRbdab;GaharGMeNaypldl;karsMrUbnigrMlayGahar)anl¥ BiesskñúgdMNak;kal BeBaH.

RCUkemRtUvpþl;Catisrés[)anc,as;las; kalNapþl;Catisréstic nigemminsUvman

skmµPaB enaHemRCUkgayCYbbBaða ekþón lamk kk enAeBaHevonFM kñúgry³eBlmYyy:agyUr ehIyva

bNþal[ ekItnUvCatiBuleRcIn . CatiBulenHnwgRCabcUleTAkñúgsaBagÁkay CaehtueFVI[ RCUkemCYbbBaða³-

MMA nigsukRBmTaMgkUnmanbBaða¬CH\T§iBldl;karbgákMeNIt¦.

RbsinebICatisrésx<s;eBk CaehtueFVI[ ³témøsarCatikñúgcMNIGaharRtUv)ancuHTabfycuH

nuUvkarrMlayGahar BIesskarrMlayRbUetGIun CaehtueFVI[stVcuHsÁm.kalNaCatisréskan;Etx<s;

karrMlayRbUetGIunkan;EtfycuH.


33

NRC (1988) :ebIecHEtEfmCatisrés cUlkñúgcMNIenaH smamaRténkarrMlayGahar

nwgfycuHCabnþbnÞab;.

\T§iBlrbs;Catisrésdl;karrMlay ¬Alexander¦

PaKryCatisrés GRtarMlayRbUetGIunPaKryénRCUk

RCUk³30-50KRk RCUk³50-70KRk RCUk³70-90KRk

4/8° 71° 73/6° 75/9°

6/3° 70/1° 72/4° 74/7°

7/8° 68/9° 71/2° 73/5°

9/3° 67° 69/9° 72/2°

tRmUvkarCatisrésrbs;RCUkGaRs½yedayTm¶n;

Tm¶n;¬KRk¦ 10-20KRk 20-50KRk 50-90KRk em-)a

Catisrés° 5° 6° 7° ¬)a¦7-¬em¦8°

RbPB³ TCVN 1547-1994

cugGgár k¾GacCMnYseBat)anEdr eRBaHfa témøsarCatiman 95-115° eFobCamYYyeBat

¬ J.A.Eusebio, 1998. Payne, 1990¦

U.Kanto ³cugGgárCaRbPBfamBll¥-q¶aj;mat;-GRtarMlayx<s; ehIyeKGaceRbIcugGgár

b:unµank¾)ankñúgcMNIRCUk.

]-BiesaFn¾ 1-eRbIknÞk;1¼3 nigcugGgár 2¼3 BiesaFn¾2-eRbIknÞk;1¼3 nig eBat 2¼3³

EdlmanRbUetGUInRbhak;RbEhlKñaenaHeKeXIj FCRgroup1<group2 Et Tm¶n; Rkum1 >Rkum2

lIBIt =eRbg-xøaj;

kñúgsa¼kayRCUkEdleTIbnwgekItmanxøaj;RbmaNCa 5° rIÉRCUkTm¶n; 100KRkman RbEhl

3-5°.\T§iBlrbs;lIBItRbEhlnwgKøúysIutEdrKW³

-pþl;famBl 20-30°

-pþl;kMedA 1RkamlIBIt=9Kcal ,1RkamKøúysIut=4/3 Kcal,1RkamRbUetGIun = 4.3Kcal


34

lIBItEdlelIsnwgkøayCaxøaj;bMrug kalNakñúgcMNImanlIBItelIsvaeFVI[RCUk BI)akrMlay

nigrak. tRmUvkar ³kUnRCUk1-3° nigkUnRCUkpþac;edaH 3-4° /CMTg; ³ 5° RCUk FM nigem 8°

RKb;cMNIGaharEtgmanRKb;RKan;nUvCatixøaj; ehtuenHmincaM)ac;bEnßmvaeToteLIy EteTaHCa

y:agNakMuKb,IeRbIsmasFatuNaEdlsMbUrCalIBIteRcIn.FatuEdlsMbUrCatieRbgKW ³ knÞk;-sENþk>dI-

sENþkesog/eBat>>>

cMeBaH eBat-s/dI-sENþkesog manGasIutxøaj;minEq¥teRcIn ehtuenHvaeFVI[xøaj;RCUkman

sPaB RCay cMeBaHRCUksac;munkab;sac; RtUvbnßyGasIutxøaj;minEq¥t.

taragtRmUvkarfamBlRCUk¬NRC 1998¦¬?¦

RCUksac;¬KRk¦ 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-80 80-120

RbUetGIun 23-21° 18-15° 13°

famBl¬kcal/kg¦ 3265

tRmUvkarfamBlsMrab;eRbI

¬kcal ¼éf¶¼k,al 1620 3265 6050 8410 10030

Tm¶n;cMNIeRbI¼éf¶¬KRk¦ 0/5 1/00 1/9 2/6 3/1

RCUk emepIm embMe)A

RbUetGIun° 12-13 16/5-17/5

famBl¬kcal/kg¦ 3265

tRmUvkarfamBl

¬kcal ¼éf¶¼k,al 6395 14060

Tm¶n;cMNIeRbI¼éf¶¬KRk¦ 1/9 4/3

sarFatuxniC ³ Macro-mineral and Micro-mineral

- Macro-mineral: Ca-P, NaCl, Mg, S,...g/kg feed %

*Ca³ekþabykGRtax<s;kñúgsa¼kay.vacUlrYmkñúgkarbegáIt q¥wg-eFµj . Caman 99°kñúgq¥wg

nig1°kñúgFaturav.

vamannaTI³ eFVIsac;dMumanskmµPaB ¬karrYjkRnþak;énsac;dMu¦- kMNkQam-karbeBa©jTWkedaH


35

*P man80°kñúgq¥wg nigEpñkEdlesssl;manenAkñúgCalikaEdlmansPaBTn;.

-vacUlrYmkñúgbegáItPñasekasikaedIm,IrkSaTuknUvfamBl.

-vacUlrYmkñúgTRmg;nuyekøGURbUetGIun.

-vacUlrYmy:agsMxan;kñúgCIvsaRsþsMrab;bNþÚrrUbFatunigfamBl.

cMeBaHRCUk³RtUveRbIsmamaRt Ca/P= 2¼1 b¤ 1¼1

edayELkkUnRCUkRtUvkarsmamaRt Ca/P eRcInCag RCUkFMeRBaHedImI,karlUtlas;q¥wg

Tm¶n; 10-20KRk 20-50KRk 50-100KRk

Ca 0/7 0/6 0/5

P 0/6 0/5 0/4

RbPB NRC 1988(?)

kñúgsßanPaBCak;EsþgeKEtgeXIjman CaticCag P eRBaHfaCaTUeTAcMNIpþl;famBlman Ca

Tab ehIysmamaRtrvag Ca-P BitCaKµantulüPaBeLIy BiesseBleRbIknÞk;eRcIn eRBaHknÞk;man

Ca:1.6 –P:1.5 = Ca/P 1RbsinebIxVHTaMg Ca-P ehIyeRkABIeRbI emSAsMbkelos nigq¥wg eKGaceRbI

Dicalciphosphor eRBaHfavaman¬ Ca:24%,P:17% ¦

karBitkarRsUbyk Ca-P vaGaRs½yeTAeday³

-stVtUcRsUbykxøaMgCagstVFM

-stVEdlkMBugxVHsarFatuTaMgenHkñuúgsa¼kay

-GaRs½yedaycMNI nigsßirPaBénvItamIn ed

-GaRs½yedaykñúgcMNI nigTwkman GasIut GuksalIc

b¤pøÚvGaharmanpÞúkeTAedayGasIut xøaj;eRcIn eBlEdlvacUlrYmRbtikmµCa CavakøayCasarFatu

EdlpøÚvGaharminRsUb

- Mg-SO4k¾eFVI[minmankarRsUb CacUleTAkñugsa¼kay

sBaØaeBlxVH Ca

-kUnRCUk ³ Rkin/minsUvmaneram/ Es,kRCIvRCYjEdlgayrgnUvCm¶We½s,kepSgeTot

eBlRkinehIy ebIeTaHCa bMb:n k¾karlUtlas;enAe½tmansPaBywtEdr.


36

-RCUkFM ³ es<at b¤Bukq¥wg eRBaH Ca kñúgq¥wgRCabecjmkeRkA

-RCUkemnigepIm ³ manCm¶Ws<wkeRkayeBlsMral /xVHTwkedaHeRBaHsmtßPaBplitTwkedaH

fycuH.

sBaØaeBlxVH P:

sMxan;bMputsMrab;RCUkemeBlxVHvabNþal[em edayeQµalyWt/GRtarkSaKP’Tab/TwkkamxVH

KuNPaB/ kUntic.

*Nacl: eBlEdlmanGMbilRKb;RKan;enaH eKeXIjrsRkBHekIneLig nigFana)annUvskmµPaB

Gg;sIum GamILas EdleFVI[kareRbIR)as;cMNIl¥.

eBlxVH ³

-fycuHnUvlkçN³q¶aj;mat; nigfynUvrsRkBH

-RKab;QamfycuH

etebiIcMNImanCatiGMbilx<s; stVnwgpwkTwkeRcIn ehIyebIekIndl; 2° enaH stVRCUknwgBul

b¤rak eRBaHfa GMbilnigRCabtamPñaseBaHevon eFVI[PñaseBaHevonRc)ac; kRnþak; nigrakEtmþg

ehIyebI GMbil RCabdl;ekasika nigbnþeTAdl;tRmgenam enaHtRmgenamnwgkRnþak; stVenameRcIn

ebIvaRCabdl;Rb/RbsaTenaH stVmankarRbkac; nigkRnþak; ehIysaøb;Etmþg.

*K-Mg :

K mannaTIsMxan;kñúgkarsMeyaK RbUetGIun-rMejacskmµPaBsac;dMu¬Biesssac;dMu ebHdUg¦ nig

karbMELgCatisár.

ebIxVH ³RCUkeramtic/ Es,kRCYjnigs¶Üt/ karlUtlas;ywt-sIuepþspaþs-rak>>>

ebIelIs ³ eFVI[ebHdUgelatyWt-xUctRmgenam

b:UtasüÚm maneRcInkññúgTwkXµúM-bEnø-esµA>>>

tRmUvkar ³RCUk 10-20KRk ³0/26

RCUk 20-50KRk ³0/23

RCUk 50-100KRk ³0/15

rIÉ Mg mannaTIRcasCamYy Ca. kalNaxVHvaeFVI[stVxVH Caq¥wgEbrCaTn;-xVin


37

ma:ejsüÚm maneRcInkñúg³ knÞk;-emSAdMLÚg-emSAq¥wg-m>k,albgág-bEnø-esµA-eRbgl¶>>>

tRmUvkar³ 0/04°

Micro-mineral: Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Mn, I,… mg/kg feed or ppm

-Fe, Cu, Co: plitRKab;Qam

Fe ³éNVy:U Hem tRmUvkarCatiEdk 800 ppm nigERbRbYltamGayu

Cu: dwknaMCatiEdkBIcMNIGahar nigq¥wgeTAeKalikaRkhm

Co: CaFatupSMrbs;vitamIn B12Edl B12 cUlrYmRbtikmµ ¬co-enzyme factor¦ sMeyaK RKab;Qam

vItamIn

vItamInmanBIrRbPT³ vItamInrlaykñúgxøaj; (A-D-E-K¦nigvItamIn rlaykñúgTwk¬C-RkumB¦

-vItamInrlaykñúgxøaj;

vItamIn A (Retinal)

vItamIn A mantYnaTI sMrab;karlUtlas; bgákMeNIt nigTb;Tl;Cm¶W .

cMeBaHkarlUtlas; vItamIn A CavItamIncaM)ac;sMrab;dMNak;karlUtlas;.RbsinebIkñúgcMNI

EdlvasIural;éf¶xVH enaHRCUklUtlas;yWt smtßPaBpþl;min)anRKb;RKan;.

cMeBaHkarbgákMeNIt vItamIn A CavItamIncaM)ac;sMrab;RCUk)a nigRCUkemkñúgkarplitemCIvit. xVH

vItamIn A eFVI[Twkkamrbs;RCUk)amanemCIvit¬Es<m:atUsUGIut¦ticehIyEs<m:atUsUGIutk¾mankmøaMgexSay

ehtuenHkarbgákMeNItk¾exSayEdr.cMENkelIRCUkemvijkalNaxVHvaeFVI[GUvul¬emCIvitjI¦Føak;mkti

c BiessvItamIn A caM)ac;sMrab;begáItCaGgÁelOgedIm,I plitCa Grm:Un Pogesteron sMrab;bI)ac;KP’.

ehtuenHkalNaxVHvItamIn A F¶n;F¶rkUnEdlekItmktic nigxVak;EPñk.

cMeBaHkarRbqaMgCm¶Wvij vItamIn A CYypþl;kMlaMgEPñkecosputBICm¶WxVak;.

vItamIn A maneRcInkèúgeføImstV sac; s‘ut TwkedaH xøaj;RtI.kèúgrukäCatimanpÞúkkar:UEtnEdlCa

RbPBedImén vItamIn A ¬Provitamin A¦.elIs vItamIn A k¾minpþl;pll¥dl;stVEdreRBaHeFVI[rlak

GBa©ajRCuH nigeRsoveFµj .RsþImanKP’eBlEdlelIs vItamIn A eFVI[kUnkñugépÞmanbBað EtcMeBaH RCUk

emepImvijminTan;manÉksar NabBa¢ak;fabgáCatiBul[emenaHeLIy.


38

vItamIn A gayxUcxatedaykMedA sItuNçPaB>>>ehtuenHKYrrkSavaenAkèúgdbEdlmanBN’etèat

edIm,IecosvagktþaxagedIm. eBleRbIR)as;plitplcak; ebIeRbIminGs; RtUvbUmxül;[Gs;BIdbnigbiT

vij[Cit ehIyrkSaenAkEnøgRtCak;.

RbPBEdlsMbUr vItamIn A rYmman³ rukäCatiBN’Rkhm eføIm eRbgxøaj;RtI elOgs‘ut>>>.

tRmUvkarkUnRCUk 2200 UI/KRkcMNI RCUkFM1700 UI/KRkcMNI emRCUk 4400 UI/KRkcMNI

vItamIn D ¬Calcipherol¦

vaCavItamIncaM)ac;sMrab;bNþÚrbMELg Calcium nig Phosphore kñúgsarBagÁkay.enAeRkam

Es,kRCUkmanRsab;nUv 7-dehydro-cholesterol eBlEdlb:HBal;CamYyBnøWRBHGaTitü¬rsµI UV¦vanwg

ERbkøayCavItamIn D3 . tamkarBitvItamIn D3 k¾minTan;manskmµPaBGVIEdr KWRtUvqøgkat;Rbtikmµ

hydroxyl kmµedayP¢ab;CamYyr:aDIkal; OH enATItaMgkabUnTI1 nigTI25edIm,IkøayCasarFatuuEdlman

skmµPaBKW 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.. karbBa¢ab;r:aDIkal; OH elIkdMbUgsßitenATItaMgkabUn

TI25EdlnAkñúgeføIm rIÉr:aDIkal; OH TI2 P¢ab;enATItaMgkabUnTI1EdlekItenAelItRmgenam

nigGaRs½y edaykarCYyeRCamERCgBI Parathyroid hormon.

Fatu 1,25 (OH)2D3 man\TæIBldUc hormon steroid varMejacekasikaeBaHevonedIm,IbegáInkar

RsUb b¤dwknaMkal;süÚmnigCYyq¥wgkñúgkarRsUbykkal;süÚm.

enAkñúgrukçCatik¾manFatu Ergosterol eBlEdlvaRsUbykBnøWRBHGaTitü¬UV¦vak¾køayCa vItamIn

D2 bNþavItamInTaMgBIr D2 nig D3 suTæEtGacykmkeRbIR)as;)ankñúgvis½yciBa©wmRCUk. ehtuenH

emSAesµAEdls¶Ütk¾CaRbPBsMxan;EdlpþlvItamIn D l¥dl;RCUkpgEdr.bNþaBnøWRBHGaTitüEdlCH cUl

tamkBa©k;føanigpÞaMgBBkminRKb;kmøaMgedIm,IbMELg Provitamin D [køayCavItamIn D )aneLIy.

vItamIn D manpÞúkeRcInkèúgeføImånBBYkstV eRbgxøaj;RtI TwkedaH s‘ut >>>. vItamIn D

k¾GacsMeyaK)antamsb,nimµit b¤pþl;tamkarcak; b¤tam eRbmiuc>>>.


39

BnøWRBHGaTitü (UV=kaMrsèIBN’sVay)

cMNI Es,kstV

Cholescalcipherol 7-dehydrocholesterol Cholesterol

D3 (Cholescalcipherol) minTan;manskmµPaB

OH rbs;Rbti GIuRduksIulkmµén C25 ¬eføIm¦

25-OH-D3 b¤ 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol¬eføIm¦

OHrbs;Rbti GIuRduksIulkmµén C1(tMrgenam¦

(Parathyroid Hormone)

1-25(OH)2 D3 b¤ 1-25-Dihydrocholecalciferol¬tMrgenam¦

rMejacPñaseBaHevonedim,IdwknaM nigRsUbykkal;süÚmeTAq¥wg

kaMrsµIRBHGaTitü

rukçCatiébtg vItamIn D2

Ergosterol Ergocalciferol

cMeBaHEqá-RCUk-ecomnigmnusSvItamInD2man\T§iBlRbhak;RbEhlnwgvItamIn D3 Edr

Eteday ELkcMeBaHbkSI D2man\T§iBlexSayCag D3 .

vItamIn D sMrab;sMeyaKbegáItCaRbetGIunBiessmYyedIm,IdwknaM kal;süÚmBIPñaseBaHevoneTA

kñúgQam.cMeBaHpUsV½rvijenaHvItamIn D BMuman\T§iBledaypÞal;sMrab;RsUbykvaBIPñaseBaHevoneTAkñúg

QameLIy

rhUtdl;eBlenHkarbMElgrbs;vItamIn D cMeBaH Ca-P minTan;manlkçN³ c,as;las;

enAeLIy eKBi)akkñúgkarkMNt;pþl;[sarBagÁkaynUvvItamIn D b:unµan ehIyBiesseKBi)akyl; kñúgka

rxVH vaNas; dUecñH Kb,Ipþl;va kalNaxVHBnøWénRBHGaTitü.

enAelITIpSarGacman³ Ergoron-Rhodovita-Sterogyl- Vigantol ...manpÞúk 10/000 UI¼ml


40

stVFM³10/000 UI -25/000 UI ¼k,al

stVtUc³1/000 UI -3/000 UI ¼k,al

BiesseyIgGaccak;varal;éf¶)anEteRbIkMritticCag1PaK20b¤1PaK30b¤cak;14éf¶mþgeRkay

mkcak;1Exmþg.

vItamIn E (Togopherol)

CavItamIncaM)ac;sMrab;CYydl;³

-karbgákMeNItRCUk)akalNaxVHvabNþal[TwkkammanemCIvitexSaynigticCaehtueFVI[kar

bgákMeNItTab jIedayeQaµlyWty:avb¤gayrlUt.

-karxUcxatxYrk,al¬rlakxYr Encephale malacia)

-Tb;karrlakCalikaxøaj;

-karbegáInPaBsaMu

karbgá[Buldl;sarBagÁkaystVénvItamIn E minTan;manbBa¢ak;enAkMritb:unµanEtcMeBaHkMrit

100 UI/ KRkcMNIminTan;mansBaØaBulenAeLIy.

vItamIn E manpÞúkeRcInkñúgBnøk-bEnøébtgmYycMnYn-eRbgrukçCati- elOgs‘ut///.

vItamIn K

CavItamIncaM)ac;sMrab;kMNkQamvItamInkaminGacrkSa)aneRIcnkñúgsa/kaystVeT manEt eføIm

eTEdlrkSava)an¬kEnøgpÞúk¦.cMeBaHstVmincaM)ac;eRbIR)as;vItamInkaeTeRBaH)ak;etrIkñúgpøÚvrMlay

Gahar mansmtßPaBsMeyaKva)anehIy.

-vItamInrlaykñúgTwk

vItamIn C

cMeBaHRCUkvItamInenHvak¾GacsMeyaK)anedayxøÜnÉg.karxVHvItamInesGacbNþalBIstVman

Cm¶Wvirus influenza Haemophalus gaydac;srésQameBlsMralkUnb¤kMBugpþl;TwkedaH

rlakGBa©aj eFµj/ xUctMrgenam///

vItamIn es mantYnaTIbegáInkarlUtlas; Tb;Tl;Cm¶W hUrQam ¬Scorbus) .Stress....


41

cMeBaHemRCUkepImKYrpþl; 1Rk erogral;éf¶ehIybBaÄb;munsMral 6éf¶ eRBaHvaTb;Qamtam

p©itkMu[hUreRkayeBlkUnsMralecjPøam².

vItamInRkum B

vItamIn B1 (Thiamine, Aneurin)

Ca CoenzymEdlmanTMnak;TMngdl;karbMElgCatisár.

RbPBEdlsMbUrKW³

-RtI³EtKYr[sIuminelIsBI10°cMeBaHRtIRss; eRBaHRtIRss;man EnzymeThiaminas Edl

bMpøaj Thiamine.

-eføIm/sENþkesog/bEnøébtg///

kgVH B1 bNþal[stVmanCm¶w ehIm¬Beri beri). Pellagra Aneurone ¬rlaksrés

RbsaT¦///

B1rMejackarrMlayGamIdug RbUetGIuneFVI[EfmlkçN³ sIucuk nigkarlUtlas;.va)at;bg; enA

eBlcMGin.

karpþl; 1-1/5mRk¼KRkcMNI

vItamIn B2 (Riboflavin)

kgVHvitamIn B2 bNþal[RCUkRkFM kUnkñúgépÞPaKeRcIngab;s¶Üt j½reCIg skmµPaBeday

eQµalxusRbRktI raKGUsbnøayyUréf¶ (cMeBaHkUnRCUk) BiessvItamInenHCYypSHsñam rbYsEdl

manelI PñaseBaHevon pSHsñamdMe)AnieFVI[sH)anelOn.

vItamIn B2 maneRcInkèúgTwkedaH s‘ut c MNIGaharel,Ig eføIm emSARti emSAesµA. edayvItamIn

enHmankarbeBa©jelOn ehIysarBagÁkayminGacrkSa)aneRcIn ehtuenHstVgaynwgxVHvaNas;.

dUecñH Kb,Ipþl;[stVRtwmRtUvtamtRmUvkar.

-vItamIn PP (Pellagra Preventive b¤ Nicotinic acid b¤ Niacin)

vatYnaTisMxan;kñúgkardwknaMbnÞúkGKÁisnIénRbtikmµbNþÚrrUbFaturbs;Cati sár Catixøaj; nigCati

sac;kñúgsarBagÁkaystV.


42

Tryptophan CaGasIutGamInmYyRbePTy;agsMxan;kñúgkarsMeyaK Niacin enH b:uEnþvaEbrCaxVH

enAkñúgeBateTAvij. ehtuenHRbsinebIcMNIRCUkpþl;nUveBateRcInenaHvagayxVH Tryptophan ehIyCa

TUeTAvak¾xVHTaMg Niacin pg.

xVHvItamIn PP RCUkgayTTYlrgnUvCm¶WrlakEs,k minsIucMNI rlakPñaseBaHevon rlakmat;>>>

vItamIn PP maneRcInkñúg eføIm emSARtI cMNIel,Ig sENþkesog knÞk;>>>ehIyCatiEdkCaFatuu

caM)ac;sMrab;bMELg Tryptophan [køayCa vItamIn PP b¤ Niacin enHÉg.

karpþl;vItamIn PP hYskMNt;mNþal[CYbsßanPaB ekinCatisárkñúgQam rmas;¬Allergie¦

rbYseføIm rlakRkBH.

Pantothenic acid

b:g;tUetnIc GasIut RtUv)anrkeXIjeRcInkñúgekasikaeføIm tRmgenam ehIyvaCaFatucaM)ac;sMrab;

begáItCa CoA (coenzym A) nig ACP(Acyl Carrier Protein) EdlCaFatusMxan;sMrab;sMeyaK nig

bMELgCatisár Catixøaj; nigCatisac;.eRBaHEtdUecñHehIy)anCa b:g;tUetnIc GasIut caM)ac;kñúgkarbegáIt

RKab;QamRkhm¬sMeyaKbegáIt Porphyrin¦ begáIteLIgnUvkUeLesþr:Ul begáIteLIgnUvGrm:Un

nigPaBsaMu xVHb:g;tUetnIcGasIut RCUklUtlas;yWt eramEs,ks¶Üt exSayeCIg ¬edIrdUck¶an³goos

stepping¦ rlakeBaHevon bNþal[raK.

vItamIn B6 (Pyridoxine,)

cUlrYmCamYy Enzyme edIm,IsMeyaKRbUetGIunkñúgsarBagÁkayRbqaMgkark¥Ütceg¥ar ¬eBlcaj;

kUn¦ RbqaMgrlaksrésRbsaT Tb;Tl;Cm¶Ws<wk

karpþl; 1-2mRk¼KRkcMNI

vItamIn B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

sMxan;kñugkarbegáItRKab;Qam

Tb;Tl;Cm¶WxVinEdlbNþalBIkarrlaksrésRbsaT.

eRkABIenHenAmanvItamIn B9 (Folic acid),Cholin, vItamIn H (Biotin)

2-3 tRmUvkarsarFatuciBa©wmkñúgcMNIpSMsMrab;RCUk

cMNIminKb,IpSMelIsb¤xVHebIeFobnwgtMrUvkarrbs;va. karpSMelIsbNþal[xat\tRbeyaCn¾


43

pÞúy mkvijebIxVHvijenaHvaeFVI[stVminRKb;sarFatuciBA©wmsMrab;lUtlas;eT.

xageRkamenHCataragsmasPaBKImItémøsarFatuciBaW©mnigsmasFatumYycMnYnsMrab;pSMeFVICa

cMNIstVEdl)anBIlTæplvIPaKén Ajinomoto Thailand nigviTüasßanviTüasaRsþksikmµevotNamPaK

xagt,Úg qñaM1989.

taragsmasPaBtémøsarFatuciBaW©m

RbePT famBl

Kcal/kg

RbUetGIundul°

¬Catisac;¦

lIBItdul°

Catixøaj;

EsluyLÚs°

Catisrés

lIsuIn

Lysin emtüÚnIn

Met kal;süÚm

¬Ca¦

pUsV½r

¬P¦

eBatelOg

cugGgár

knÞk;Ggár

knÞk;eBat

dMLÚgmI

sENþkesog

m/RtITWksab

3300

2975

2740

2759

2960

3700

2850

8

7/8

12

8/46

1/5

32

45

4/5

3/4

13/6

0/51

2/5

18

12

2/9

0/75

8

0/22

2/5

6

0/8

0/24

0/28

0/41

-

0/09

1/7

3/3

0/17

0/1

0/25

-

0/03

0/5

1/08

0/01

0/03

0/03

0/24

0/12

0/35

8

0/15

0/16

0/32

0/04

0/1

0/6

4

RbPB³egVén sYn b‘æj, 1992

2-4-1 smasFatu nigkarpSMcMNI

minKb,IpSM[elIs¬xatRbUetGIunnigKµanRbeyaCn¾¦ b¤xVHeLIy¬minRKb;karlUtlas;¦

k- tamc,ab;énkarlUtlas;man 2tMNak;kal³

tMNak;kalTI1³kñúgtMNak;kalenaHstVRCUklUtlas;Epñk q¥wg sac;dMu sésRbsaT ehIyEpñk

xageRkAeKeXIj lUtkMBs;nigRbEvgxøÜn.dUecñHenAtMNak;kalenHvaRtUvkarCatiRbUetGIun nigCati

xniCx<s;ehIyCatixøaj; k¾caM)ac;Edr.

ekIt¬1/3KRk¦ →pþac;edaH¬4/5-5KRk¼21éf¶¦ →Gayu4Ex =50-72KRk¦

tMNak;kalTI 2 ³ eBlenaHRCUk rIkcMerInEpñkTTwgxøÜn edaylUtlas; sac; xøaj; rIÉ q¥wglUtlas;

tictYcb:ueNÑaH.

4Ex →Gayu6-8 Ex¬73-120KRk¦


44

kMeNInTm¶n;rbs;stVGaRs½yeday³-m:as;cMNI-KuNPaBcMNI-BUC ¬KuNPaBBUC¦ ePT¬jIxus

BIeQµal¦ - suxPaB-karRKb;RKg¬GakasFatu -kRmitbgçaMg 10-20k,al¦

cMeBaHRCUkeRtom nigRCUkBUC eKKit cab;BI Gayu 4Ex eLIgeTA.

karpþl;rUbmnþcMNIKWEp¥ktam ³ sßanPaBciBa©wm-bridæan-sßanPaBRsavRCavRbcaMtMbn;.

x-eKalkarN¾pSMcMNIsMrab;RCUk

KWCakarRcbl;vtßúFatuedIméncMNIbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,IFana[)annUvsarFatuciBa©wmEdlCYydl;karlUt

las;dl;stV.CaTUeTAeKKitcMNIpSMkñúgTm¶n;1000KRkehIyKNnaCaPaKry.karKNnaRtUvEp¥ktam³

-taragtRmUvkarsarFatuciBa©wmtamGayurbs;RCUk

-témøsarFatuciBa©wménvtßúFatuedIm

-RtUveRCIserIsRbePTvtßúFatuedImEdlsMbUrelITIpSarnigmantémøefak.

-RtUvKNnay:agNakMu[elIs b¤xVHsarFatuciBa©wmeRBaHTaMgBIrenHsuTæEtKµanRbeyaCn¾.

-EbgEckcMNItamRkum nigføwgtamkMriteRbIR)as;³

cMNImUldæanb¤pþl;famBlmandUcCa³ cugGgár knÞk; eBat emImdMLÚg nigGnupl ksikmµEkéqñ


45

RKab;FBaØCati RtUvlayBI60°dl;80°.

cMNIbMeBjRbUetGIunEdlmandUcCa³ emSARtI emSAsac; emSAbgÁa emSA TwkedaH RtUvlayBI

5°-15°ehIycMNIpþl;RbUetGIunEdlmanedImkMeNItBIrukçCatik¾pþl;5°-15°Edr.

cMNIEdlpþl;nUvvItamIn sarFatuxniC cMNIbEnßmeRbmiuc emSAq¥wg sMbkelos RKM xügex©A

GMbil RtUvlaycenøaHBI 3°-5°.

cMNIKYreRCIserIstamtMbn;Edlrs;enA b¤kEnøgEdlsMbUr b¤kEnøgEdlefak.

xageRkamenHCa]TahrN¾xøHsþIBIrebobpSMcMNIkñúgkrNImanvtßúFatuedImEt 2mux ehIyman

RbUetGIun xusKña.

]TahrN¾1

cMNIRkum k¬cugGgár¦ manRbUetGIun 12°

cMNIRkum x ¬cMNIpSMrbs;Rkumh‘un ¦manRbUetGIun 36°

ehIyeyIgcg;)ancMNIpSMEdlmanRbUetGIunEt18°b:ueNÑaHedIm,I[stVsIu.

Rkum k³12° 18 ¬18¼24¦100=75°

18°

Rkum x³ 36° 6 ¬ 624¦100=25°

24

dUecèHeyIgRtUvlayeBat 75KRk nig cMNIpSMrbs;Rkumh‘un 25KRk.

-cMNI ³

-mUldæan ³ RtÚvlaycab;BI 60-80°

-knÞk;¬RCUktUc <25° /RCUkFM 50°¦

-eBat³GaceRbIdl; 80° Etxøaj;minl¥

-cugGgár-dMLÚgmI/¬søwkdMLÚgmI 5°¦

x-bMeBjRbUetGIun¬stV=5-15°/ rukçCati=5-15°¦

K-bMeBjbEnßm¬1-3°¦


46

emeronTI3 ³ karciBa©wmnigEfTaM

1-RCUkeRtom

karciBa©wmnigEfTaMRCUkeRtomenHKWkñúgeKalbMNgykem-)aenH bBa©ÚlCMnYsem-)aNaEdlRtUv

e)aHbg;ecalb¤GacniyaymYyEbbeTotfaeKciBa©wmvakñúgeKalbMNgeFVICa)ab¤emykkUn . edIm,I)anem

RCUkl¥RtUvqøgkat;tMNak;kalRCUkeRtomenHsin.GñkciBa©wmRtUvyl;dwgBIbTdæanepSg²ry³eBleRCIs

erIs rebobrMejacva[edayeQµalqab; kMNt;Gayu[)anRtwmRtUveBlbgáat;>>>.l.

1>1 kareRCiIserIsRCUkeRtom

RCUkeRtomRtUveRCIserIsedayqøgkat;ehacNas;k¾4tMNak;kalEdr³

-tMNak;kal1 ³ eRCIsykeBlmanGayu7éf¶cMeBaHRCUkeQµalehIykUnRCUkEdlminRKb;

bTdæaneFVICaBUCKYrEteRkovenAdMNak;kalenHeRBaHeBlenHBgsVasrbs;vaenAtUcgaysHmuxrbYs.

cMeBaHRCUkjIRtUveRCIserIseBlmanGayu21éf¶ ehIyRtUvEp¥ktamRbvtþi lkçN³bnþBUCrbs;em)a dUnta

rbs;vanigrUbragrbs;vaEtmþg.RtUveRCIserIsykkUnNaEdlmankarlUtlas;l¥nigmanlkçN³lubCag

eKenAkñúghVÚg KµanCm¶WdMkat; manRbdab;bnþBUCFmµta cMnYnedaHmaneRcInCag 12nigmancenøaH esµI²Kña.

-tMNak;kal2³eRCIsykeBlpþac;edaH b¤Gayu60éf¶dl;70éf¶ . kñúgdMNak;kalenHRCUkEdl

eRCIsyk)an RtUvpøas;ykeTAdak;enAkñúgRCUkBUC b¤ciBa©wmyksac;. dMNak;kalenHk¾Ep¥kelIrUbrag

karlUtlas; nig suxPaBrbs;RCUkEdl)aneRCIserIs.

-dMNak;kal3³Gayu4 dl;6s)aþh¾. dMNak;kalenHk¾Ep¥kelIkarlUtlas; karrIkcMerInTMhM

xøÜn.bNþaCMm¶WepSg²nwgelcecjmkc,as;kñúgeBlenHRbsinebImanehIyCamYyKñaenHEdreKGacvay

témøBIsNæanrUbrag)an. cMeBaHkUnEdlminRKb;bTdæanRtUvbBa¢ÚneTAEpñk ciBa©wmyksac; b¤eRkov

¬eQµal¦edIm,IciBa©wmyksac;.

-dMNak;kal4³ Gayu 7 dl;10Ex. enHCadMNak;kaleRCIsciBa©wmenAdMNak;kalcugeRkay.

RCUkRtUvmankarlUtlas;l¥ minFat;eBk q¥wgrwgmaM KµanCmM¶W cMnYnedaHnigkenSamedaHesµI k,aledaH

minxVak; Rbdab;bnþBUCmaneBjelj rh½srhYn b:uEnþk¾minkMsak b¤kaceBkEdr. kñugdMNak;kal


47

enHRCUk)aEtgEt eLiiIgBak;elIxñgRCUkd¾éT nigGacbeBa©jlwgÁ b¤TwkkammkeRkA)an.

cMeBaHRCUkemcaM)ac;RtUvmansBaØaedayeQµalelIkdMbUg . sBaØaedayeQµalelIkdMbUgxøaMg

b¤ exSayvabgðajtamry³kareXIjc,as; b¤es¶óms¶at;.cMeBaHemEdlFat;eBk edaHminl¥ kMsak

b¤kaceBk minbgðajlkçN³edayeQµalelIkdMbUgRtUve)aHbg;ecal. RCUkeRtomRtUv[sIucMNIRbePT A

B C D RtUv manvtßúFatuedIml¥edImIi,laycMNI ehIy[sIuRtUvkRmit minelIs b¤xVH.cab;BIgayu 5-

6ExRtUvkMNt;cMNI [sIuedImI,kMu[vaFat; b¤sÁmeBk. RbsinebIsgS½yfacMNIxVHsarfatuciBa©wm KyrEt

pøas;bþÚrPøamb¤GacEfmnUv BBYkvItamIn Ga ed GW CabnÞan;edImI,CMnYydl;karlUtlas;. enAkñúgsßanIy¾xøH

mandaMesµA b¤dak;xSac;edImI, [RCUkeFVIclnaeRBaHkareFVIEbbenHbNþal[RCUkrwgmaMepñkq¥wg sac;dMu eCig

Rkck nigminsUvmanxøaj;.

RTugRtUvmanxül;ecjcUll¥ manCMralbgðÚrTwkl¥ ehIyk¾mineRKIm b¤relageBkEdreRBaHvaGac

manbBaðadl;RkcknigeCIg. RtuvmanviFankarRbqaMgTb;Tl;nwgPaBRtcak; b¤ekþAeBk RbqaMgxül; nig

sMNacePøóg. minRtUvciBa©wmbgçaMgkñúgRTugEdlceg¥óteBkehIyebIbgçaMgrYmRtUvEp¥ktamrUbrag TMhMxøÜn.

minRtUvciBa©wmbgçaMgeRcInk,aleBkehIymanTMhMxøÜnxusKñaxøaMgeBkeT.RCUkeRtomEdlminRKb;bTdæanK

b,I beBa©jlk;CaRCUksac;CabnÞan;kMu[xateBl nigR)ak;kas.

1-2 ktþaEdlman\T§iBldl;kareBjv½y

1-2-1BUC³RCUkkñúgRsukedayeQµal rh½sCagRCUknaMcUl kñúgenaHBUC Landrace eday

eQµal rh½s CageK ¬RbmaN6Ex¦ rIÉRCUkkUnkat;edayeQµalmunRCUkBUCsuT§RbmaNCa 1-4GaTitü

1-2- 2 cMNIGahar³ cMNIGaharminsUvmanKuNPaB k¾CaktþamYyGUsbnøaynUvkaeBjv½yEdr

RCUkemeRtomcaM)ac;RtUvmanRbUetGIunx<s;CagRCUkeQµalEdleRkovrYceRBaHvaRtUvkarlUtlas;;l¥

tamsPaBCak;EsþgeKciBa©wmRCUkeRtomemenAtMNak;kal20-80KRkeday[sIuesrI ehIysmasFatu

cMNIrYmman RbUetGIun³15-18°/ famBl3200-3250Kcal/KgcMNI Catixaøj;4-5° Catisrés

ticCag5-6° kal;süÚm ³0/7-0/75%/ pUsV½r³ 0/6 % Lysine 0>7-0>8° Methionin Cys 0>38-

0>45°GMbil 0>35°. bBaðaEdlsMxan;KWeyIgRtUvcab;GarmµN_elIcMNIGaharEdlpþl;[ral;éf¶ edIm,I


48

bMeBjesckþIRtUvkarrbs;vaRbcaMéf¶kñúgdMNak;kalenH. cMNIEdlpþl;[vaKW 2/2-2/5KRk enAeBl

vamanGayu 5Ex-5ExknøH ¬Tm¶n;RbEhl 70-80KRk¦ehIyeBlxøHRCUkeRtom70-80KRk eLIgeTA

Gac[sIucMNIrbs;RCUkem bMe)AkUnk¾)an. CaFmµtacMnYnkUnkñúgsMbuknwgminGacTUTat;sgrYccMeBaH R)ak

cMNayeBleyIgciBa©wmemeRtomyUreBk.eKniymbgáat;emeRtomenAeBlEdlvaedayeQµalelIkTI2

¬RbEhlGayu 200-220éf¶ b¤Tm¶n; 110-120KRk b¤ eyIgGacbgáat;vaeBlGayu8Exk¾)an¦.

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smamaRtnwgcMnYnRCUkeday1/5-2m2¼k,al . eBlciBa©wmeyIgRtUvdwgfaBUCRCUk Yorkshire nig Duroc

GacedayeQµals¶at;es¶óm ehIyBnøWKYrmanRbmaNCa 12em:ag¼éf¶ .

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eBjv½y yWty:avEdr. eRkABIbBaðaTaMgb:unµanxagelIenaHenAmanktþaCm¶WeTot EdlmanTMnak;TMng dl;

kar eBjv½y eRBaHeFVI[man vibløas;dl;RbBn§½bnþBUCénRCUk .

dUcEdl)anbriyayxagelIRCUkemeRtomPaKeRcInminGaceBjv½ymun150éf¶eT.ehtuenHeyIg

caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþn_viFankary:agNaedIm,IeFVIy:agNa[vadayeQµaltamtMrUvkar Etk¾RtUvRKb;tamTm¶n;

¬110-120KRk¦nig GnuelamtamsßanPaBpgEdr .

2 karciBa©wm nigEfTaMRCUk)a

2-1 kareRCIserIsnigvaytMélRCUk)a

kareRCIserIsRCUksMrab;TukeFVICaBUCvaCaParkic©mYyya:gsMxan;bMput edIm,ITukstVsMrab;karbgát;

BUCehIyedIm,IeFVI[manlkçN³RtwmRtUvnigsmRsbeTAtambec©keTs.RbCaksikrKYreRCIserIsRCUkEd

lmanlkçN³dUcxageRkamenH ³

- BgsVasTaMBIrFMnigmanTMhMb:unKña

- KµanCMgWekak (Hernia) CMgWrlUtkUn nig CMgWepSg²eTot

- rh½srhYn nigrevosrév

- eRCIserIsecjBIhVÚgstVEdlmankUneRcIn


49

- eRCIserIsykkUnEdllUtlas;elOnCageKkñúghVÚg

- eRCIserIsykkUnEdlem)aminQan;QamKña

- sµaFMTUlay

- eCIgTaMgbYnrwgmaMRkckeCIgCit

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edImI,ciBa©wm)a[)anl¥ b¤niyaymYyEbbeTotfaedIm,ITTYl)an)al¥kñúgsßanIy¾Kb,IRtUvqøgkat;

nUv kareRCIserIs4dMNak;kal³

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karbgákMeNItx<s; RbB½næRbsaTl¥ ¬gaybgðat;-søÚtbUtKµanbgáeRKaHfñak;¦.

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kEnøgEdlmanBnøWc,as;las;elIbøg;rabesµI[RCUkedIrtamFmµCati.BinÞúénEpñknImYy² ¬BinÞúrUbrag -

BinÞúkar lUtlas;-BinÞúbgákMeNIt¦RtUvsrubbBa©ÚlKñaehIyvaytémøEp¥ktamtambTdæan¬TMB½r9-12¦

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kareBjv½yman2tMNak;kalKW ³ kareBjv½ytampøÚvePT nig tampøÚvkay

k kareBjv½ytampøÚvePT


50

kareBjv½ytampøÚvePTKWCasmtßPaBstVkñúgkarbegáItkUn ¬snþaneRkay¦. kñúgry³eBl

enHstV jIbegáItGUvulnigkarbeBa©jvdþePT ÉstVeQµalbBa©jTwkkamnigGrm:UnePTRBmTaMgmankar

pøas;rUbrag xageRkAeTotpg .

GayueBjv½yrbs;stVTak;TgnigktþaCaeRcIndUcCa BUC ePT GakasFatu cMNIGaharniglkçxNÐ

énkarrs;enA.stVEdlmanGayurs;enAxøIqab;eBjv½ystVRsukqab;eBjv½yCagstVéRB. cMeBaHRCUkkar

eBjv½ytampøÚvePTcab;epþImenAeBlvamanGayuBI5-8Ex .

x kareBjv½ytampøÚvkay

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ehIy EdlTak;TgeTAnwg Gayu TMgn; nigkMriténkarlUtlas;Rbdab;bnþBUC . RCUkeQµaleBjv½ytam

pøÚvkay cab;BIGayu 9-12Ex.

2-2-2 kareRbIR)as;)a

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. vaRtUvmanRKb;RKan;nUvEs<ma:tUsUGIut ehIyCamYyKñaenHEdrEs<m:atUsUGIutTaMgenHk¾RtUvman smtßPaB

bgákMeNItpgEdr.

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ebIeRbIxøaMgeBknaMeGaymanGRtabgákMeNItTab . cab;epþImdMbUgeKGac[vaBak;em1GaTitümþg ehIy

eRkaymkGac[2b¤4dgmYyGaTitüenAeBlvamanlkçN³RKb;RKan;nigmansmtßPaB¬eBjv½yEmn

ETn¦ RCUk)aRtUvEtmankmµviFIBak;emc,as;las; eRBaHebIeGayvasMrakyUreBkenaHRbsiT§PaBénkar

Bak;emrbs; vamankarcuHexSay. CaTUeTAedIm,I[vaR)akdfamankUnenaHeKRtUv[)aBak;em[)anBIrdg

kñúgeBljIkMBug edayeQµal . enAeBlRCUk)aGayu1qñaMknøHRtUvkat;cgáÚmecjehIy minRtUveRbIR)as;

)aelIsBI4qñaMeLIy.

cMeBaHkarbgáat;edayFmµCatiKYrGnuvtþn¾tamkmµviFIdUcxageRkam³

-GayuticCag12ExRtUvbgáat;EtmYydgkñúgmYys)þah¾ b¤Gacniyay)anfaebIciBa©wmRCUk)amYy

k,alEdlmanGayuticCag12Ex KUrciBa©wmemcMnYn15-20k,al)anehIy.


51

-Gayu12-24Ex¬1-2qñaM¦RtUvbgáat;EtBIrdgkñúgmYys)þah¾ b¤Gacniyay)anfaebIciBa©wmRCUk

)a mYyk,alEdlmanGayu1-2qñaMKUrciBa©wmemcMnYn25-30k,al)anehIy.

-Gayu24ExeLIgeTAeKGacbgáat;)an3dgkñúgmYys)þah¾b¤Ral;éf¶k¾)an eyIgGacniyay)an

faebIciBa©wmRCUk)amYyk,alEdlmanGayueRcInCag2qñaMKUrciBa©wmemcMnYn40-50k,al.

cMeBaHkarbgáat;BUCedaysib,nimµitmantémøelIsenHRbEhl10dg KW)ann½ydUcCabgáat;tam

FmµCatiEdrEtRKan;EtlayTwkciBa©wmsrIr³Efm)anelIsRbEhl10dgénTwkkamedIm.

CaTUeTAEs<ma:tUsUGIuteBjv½yenAry³eBl2-3éf¶ nigkñúgmCÄdæanciBa©wmebIkalNabIéf¶beBa©j

mkmþgCIvitEs<ma:tUsUGIutGacrs;)an8-9éf¶. ebIkalNaBIréf¶beBa©jmkmþgCIvitEs<ma:tUsUGIutGacrs;

)an4-5éf¶.ebIkalNamYyéf¶beBa©jmkmþgCIvit Es<ma:tUsUGIutGacrs;)an2-3éf¶b:ueNÑaH.

2-3 Rbdab;bnþBUCeQµal

Rbdab;bnþBUCeQµalmantYnaTIbegáItTwkkam nig sarFaturavEdlGacCYyciBa©wmTwkkamkarBar

PaBGnþrayBImCÄdæanepSg² nigbegáItGrm:UnePTeQµal (Androgen ) eTotpg.

2-3-1 Twkkam

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)aøsµaRtUv )anbeBa©jedayBgsVasnigRkeBjePT TwkkamEdlbeB©ajedaystVeQµalenAeBlman

GMeBIePTehA fa Ejaculat ¬karbeBa©jTwkkammYyelIk¦.

CaTUeTAbrimaNrbs; Ejaculat KWGaRs½ytamGayustVehIyfycuHenAeBlEdleyIgykeTA

ecjeRcIndgeBk ¬Bak;emb¤yktamsib,nimµit¦ . elak MELENIO, 1980 )anbBa©ak;fakMritEs<m

rbs;RCUkCamFüm man200 cc . cMENkelaks‘un sUt/ 1997 )anbBa¢ak;faTwkkamRCUkmanrhUt

dl; 400m/l ehIyx<s;bMputGacdl; 1000m/l ehIykñúgTwkkamrbs;RCUkGacmanEs<ma:tUsUGIutBI

0/15-0/21 ekadi ¬1ekadi=1Ban;lan¦. Es<ma:tUsUGIutKWCaekasikaePTeQµalEdlRtUv )anEck

ecjCa 4Epñk KW k,al k dg xøÜn nig knÞúy . TMhMEs<ma:tUsUGIutrbs;RCUkKitCamFümRbEvg 50-55 mIRkug .

2-3->2 lwgÁ

ekIteLIgBIsac;dMuragCakgnigrMuB½TæedayEs,k.EpñkxagmuxénlwgÁKµanRkeBjeTehIymanTMrg;


52

Caes<órGgáÜj²dUcEdkxYgEdlmantYnaTIeFVI[mansMerIb.lwgárbs;RCUkeBjv½ymanRbEvg 45/50 s/m

2-4 karvaytMélTwkkam

karvaytMélTwkkamKW cg;dwgBIbrimaN nigKuNPaBrbs;Es<ma:tUsUGIutRBmTaMgsmtßPaB

bgákMenIt eRkayBIkarykTwkkameTABinitüeXIjfavamanKuNPaBGn;RtUve)aHbg;vaecal.TwkkamEdl

manKuNPaB l¥KWmanbrimaNEs<ma:tUsUGIutRKb;RKan;Fn;nwgvibløasmCÄdæanxageRkAminlayLM

edayl,ayepSg² dUc CaQam xÞúH Twkenam nig mIRkub>>> .

2-4-1 karBinitüedayEPñk

k-BN’

TwkkamFmµtamanBN’sxab;b¤BN’sdUcTwkedaHeKa b¤BN’sføa.RbsinebImanBN’RkhmKW

layQamenHedaysar)amankarb:HTgÁicfµI² ehIyebIRkhmTwkRkUcbBa©ak;famankarb:HTgÁicpøÚvePT

xøaMgBN’åbtgx©Imann½yfa man QamxÞúH .

x-køin

køinFmµCatiKWKµankøinejIslayxøaj; Kµankøinq¥ab . kalNaTwkkammankøinxusEbøkBIFmµtadUc

Ca³s¥úy q¥ab CUr>>>enaHTwkkamBitCaminmanPaBRbRktIeLIy.

K-v:UlUm¬Volume¦

CacMNuHTwkkamkñúgmYyelIkénkarbeBa©jeday)aneRcaHykecjnUvRKab;saKU.kareRcaHEbb

enHkñúgeKalbMNgecosvagRKab;saKUenHman\T§iBldl;KuNPaBEs<ma:tUsUGIut.

BUCRCUkbreTsmanmaDFM GacmancMNuHeRcInCagkñúgRsukEdlmanmaDtUc.

taragcMNuHTwkkamGaRs½yBUC

cMNuH )akñúgRsuk )abreTs

)aeRtom )aeBjv½y )aeRtom )aeBjv½y

V(ml) 50-80 100 80-150 250-400

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CamYyKèaenHEdr egVén va:n; h‘ug ¬1988¦)anbBa¢ak;faBUCRCUkbreTsmanTwkkamxusKèatic


53

b¤eRcInGaRs½yedayBUC ehIyBUCy:kesor b¤BUCkUnkat;mancMNuHTwkkameRcInCageK.

2-4->2 karvaytMéledaymIRkUTsSn¾

KWeKvaytMél dg;sIuet clPaB nigGRtasøab; rs; rbs;Es<m .

k dg;sIuet³

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xøÜnrbs;vaeT.

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beNþayxøÜn va.

-dg;sIuettic¬¦³ mann½yfacenøaHBIEs<ma:tUsUGIutmYyeTAmYymanRbEvgelIsBIRbEvgxøÜnva .

x-clPaB ¬Activity¦

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EtmanGgát;p©itFMCagRbEvgxøÜnEs<ma:tUsUGIutmYy.

Es<ma:tUsUGIuteFVIclnaEbbenHmanskmµPaBxøaMgehIy smtßPaBbgákMeNItk¾x<s;Edr.

-clnaCargVg;³eBlEdlBinitütammIRkUTsSn¾eXIjEs<ma:tUsUGIuteFVIdMeNIrCMuvijxøÜnva ehIyman

Ggát;p©ittUcCagRbEvgxøÜnEs<ma:tUsUGIutmYyeTot . Es<ma:tUsUGIuteFVIclnaEbbenHmanskmµPaB

exSay ehIy smtßPaBbgákMeNItk¾Gn;Edr.

-clnaCMuvijxøYÜnÉg³ Es<ma:tUsUGIutmanclnaticenAmYykEnøg. Es<ma:tUsUGIuteFVIclnaEbbenH

manskmµPaBGn;ehIyKµansmtßPaBbgákMeNIteT.

eKBinitüclnaEs<ma:tUsUGIut KWcg;dwgGMBIclPaB edayeK[BinÞúesµInig100PaKry

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vaKWCacMnYnEs<m:atUsUGIutkñúgmYymIløIlIRt.karBinitüEs<ma:tUsUGIutkñúgkrNIenHmansarsMxan;

dl;karbgáat;BUCedaysib,nimitµ b¤KuNPaBEs<ma:tUsUGIutNas; eRBaHvabBa¢ak;R)ab;faetIGaclay

bEnßmsarFatuciBa©wm)anb:unµanehIykarbgáat;manRbsiT§PaB b¤Gt;?


54

eyIgGnuvtþedayeRcaHykRKab;saKUecjBITwkkam rYcykbMBg;laybUmykTwkkam[dl;cMnuc

0>5 .bnÞab;mkbUmlayCamYysuluysüúgTwkGMbilKImI 3°[dl;Rkit11¬101¦ ehIyeRbIRmam

édemnig RmamkNþalbiTk,albMBg;TaMgBIrrYcRkLúkragCaelx8LataMg ¬8¦ . bnÞab;mkykeTA

bnþk;elI Chamber of Haemacytomter EdlmanRKbeday Lamelle ehIyykeTAemIlkñúg

EkvBRgIk ¬kRmitBRgIk100dg¦ nigrab;tamGkSr Z edIm,IecosvagkarRcLM.

enAkñúg Chamber TaMgBIrén Haemacytomter mçag²man25RbeLaHFM ehIymYyRbeLaHFM

man16RbeLaHtUc.eyIgRKan;Etrab;4RbeLaHFMenAtamEkgnigmYyRbeLaHFMenAkNþal.eBlrab;

eyIg KYrrab;TaMgsgxagedIm,IeRbobeFobKñakMu[elIs b¤xVHKña10°.

rUbmnþsMrab;KNnakMhab;Es<ma:tUsUGIutKW³

C=50/000 nb b¤ C=50,00020 n (C=10 6 n )

b¤ C=50,000200 n(C=10 10 6 n )

c³ kMhab;Es<ma:tUsUGIutkñúgmYymIløIlIRt

n ³cMnYnEs<ma:tUsUGIutEdlrab;)ankñúg5RbeLaH

b ³ multiple ( b=20)

X GRtasøab; rs; ¬DEAD / LIVE RATE¦nigPaBminRbRktI ¬Ab¦

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kBa©k;edaybnþk;l,ayrav Eozine 3-5° layCamYyTwkkam 1 b¤ 2 dMNk; rYceFVIkMenosbnÞab;mk


55

kMedAva[ekþA]Nð²b¤halenAsItuNðPaBRbEhl30GgSaresry³eBl2-5naTI . bnÞab;BIkBa©k;s¶ÜteK

cab;epþImrab;Es<ma:tUsUGIutcMnYn300-500 edayBinitüBN’rbs;Es<ma:tUUsUGIut. kalNaEs<ma:tUsUGIut

manBN’ Eozine enaHeKfaEs<ma:tUsUGIut)ansøab;rYcehIy.rIÉPaBminRbRktIk¾RtUvrab;kñúgeBlCamYyKña

enHEdr.eKrab;cMnYnEs<ma:tUsUGIutminRbRktIdUcrab;Es<m:atUUsUGIutsøab;Edr KWeKdak;BN’eday Eozine

ehIyrab;BI 300-500 Es<ma:tUsUGIut . brimaNEs<ma:tUsUGIutminRbRktIdUcCamanPaBminRbRktIelI

k,al knÞúy dgxøÜn b¤TMhM. k,alman2-3EtknÞúymYy CYnkalKµank,al EtGaceFVIclna)an .

brimaNminRbRktIrbs;Es<ma:tUsUGIuteRcInKWman\TiæBlGaRkk;dl;karbgákMeNIt . ebIPaKryénPaB

min RbRktIrbs;vaelIsBI20PaKryminRtUvGnuBaØat[bgáat;eLIy .

PaBminRbRktIénEs<ma:tUsUGuItedaysar ³ BgsVaslUtlas;minl¥ xUcBgsVas nigsrés

y:g)aQb;sMrakyUreBk kareRbIR)as;)ahYskMrit.

g-kmøaMgTb; ¬Resistant¦

CasmtßPaBs‘URTaMrbs;Es<ma:tUsUGuItcMeBaHlkçxNÐmCÄdæanminGMeNaypl. kmøaMgTb;RtUvRtYt

Binitü[)anrh½smin[elisBI15naTIeRkayeBlykTwkkam.

ykbMBg;EkvEdlmanRkitbUmTwkkam 0>1 m>l nig 50 m>l sUluysüúgGMbilKImI1° bBa©Úl

kñúgEkvTI1¬eBlenaHkRmitlaymanl,ay500dg¦.bnÞab;mkykmYydMNk;eTAbnþk;elIbnÞHkBa©k;rYc

ykBinItükñúgmIRkUTsSn¾ RbsinebIEs<ma:tUsUGIutenAeFVIdMeNIrRtg; eyIgbUmykl,ayTwkkam 1 m>l

ecjBIEkvTI1 nigEfm1 m>l sUlUysüúgGMbil1° bBa©ÚlkñúgEkvTI2 ¬kRmitl,ay1000dg¦. rYc

ykmYydMNk;eTABinitükñúgmIRkUTsSn¾mþgeTotRbsinEs<ma:tUsUGIutenAEteFVIdMeNIrRtg;eyIgbUm 1 m>l


56

Twkkam layCamYyTwkGMbil 0>2 m>l bBa©ÚleTAEkvTI3 ¬l,aymankRmit1200dg¦ rYcBinitü kñúg

mIRkUTsSn¾. RbsinebIEs<ma:tUsUGIutenAEteFVIdMeNIrRtg;eyIgbEnßmcUlsUluysüúg TwkGMbil 0>2 m>l

eTotcUlkñúgEkvTI3 d¾Edl. dUecñHral;elIklayvaekIn 200kRmit. eyIgecHEteFVIEbbenHrhUtdl;

Es<ma:tUsUGIutQb;eFVIclnaRtg;ehIymanclnaEtCMuvijxøÜnÉgswumQb;.

eyIgTTYl)anrUbmnþkmøaMgTb;³ R= r0 r . n

r0 ³kRmitl,ayenAEkvTI2

rkRmitl,ayenAelIkeRkay²eTot n³cMnYndgénkarlay

taragKuNPaBTwkkamEdlGaceRbIR)as;)an

bTdæaneRbIR)as;

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kMhab;¬106

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100

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2-5 karbgáat;

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edIm,ITTYleCaKCy½kñúgkarbgáat;¬)ankUneRcIn¦eyIgRtUvyl;[)anc,as;las;BIvdþePT dMNak;

karrMejacénvdþePT nigsBaØaNénkarrkeQµalrbs;RCUk eRBaHCaktþasMxan;Nas;kñúg karkMNt; eBl

evlasMrab;dak;eQµal . elak Ca/eNg 1996 )anbBa©ak;faRCUkkñúgRsukGacdak; eQaµlenAl¶ac

éf¶TI2 nigedIméf¶TI 3 eTIb)ankUneRcIn . cMENk Eusebio, 1980 bBa©ak;faeBlevladak;eQµal


57

smRsb bMputKW1 b¤2 åf¶eRkayeBlrkeQµal. elak s‘un/ sUt 1996 )anbBa¢ak;faebIRCUk

mancMNg;ePTeBl RBwkRtUvbgáat;vaenAeBll¶ac nigpÞúyeTAvijebIvamancMNg;eBll¶acRtUvbgáat;enA

eBlRBwkbnÞab; ehIy bgáat;elIkTI2eRkay eBl 10-12ema:g.

kardak;eQµalKb,IeFVIenAeBlRBwkRBham b¤eBll¶aceRBaHGakasFatuekþAk¾CaktþaeFVI[mankUn

ticEdr .

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esµI minx<s;minTabnigminq¶ayBIRCUkdéTeTot.

2-5-3 bec©keTsbgáat;

GñkciBa©wmRCUk)aRtUveFVICaCMnYydl;)akñúgeBlbgáat;³

- Taj)a[eLIgBak;em krNI)aenAhit²minRBmeLIgBak;

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2-6 bBaðaEdlekItmancMeBaHRCUk)a

2-6-1 RCUk)a)at;bg;smtßPaB

RCUk)a)at;bg;smtßPaBmann½yfaxUcRbdab;bnþBUCb¤Rbdab;bnþBUCrbs;RCUk)axVHsmtßPaB .

RCUk)a)at;bg;smtßPaBbNþalmkBI³ RCUkFat;eBkb¤sÁmeBk exSay QWeCIg QWq¥wg )aekµgeBkxaøc em

eRBaHeBlBak;emRtUvxaMeGayrbYs)acas;RCul)a)ak;kMlaMgedaysarvaBak;emeRcIndgeBk RCUk)a Edl

ekItBIem)aCan;Qamdwk)aRCUkeTAq¶ay ehvht;Gs;kMlaMg EbøkkEnøg EbøkmnusS eFVI[vaP½yj½r.

2-6-2 RCUk)apþl;kUntic

RCUk)apþl;kUnticGacbNþalmkBI³ Bak;emeRcIndghYskMlaMg xanBak;emyUréf¶ manCMgW Fat;

eBkbeBa©jTwkkam)antic )aenaHCaBUCkUntic )abgáat;CamYyemEdlCan;QamKña[ Bak;em eBl)a


58

kMBugehvht;.

2-7 GMBIRTug

RTugRCUk)aRtUvsg;[q¶ayBIRTugRCUkemehIy[manCBa¢aMgnigTVarrwgmaM.RTugRCUk)aRtUvsg;eLIg

[)anFMTUlaymanTIFøasMrab;RCUk)aeFVIclna)anRKb;RKan;ehIymanxül;ecjcUl)anl¥nigmanBnøWéf¶

CHcUl)anRKb;RKan;karBarmin[ePøógsaccUlFana)annUvsItuNðPaBsmRsbniggaycUlsMGat ecos

vag nUvkarrIkduHdalénmIRkubTaMgLay. RTugRCUk)animYy²RtUvsresrelxsMKal;RBmTaMg³

- kEnøgsIunigpwkdac;edayELkBIKña KWsñÚkcMNIdak;Epñkxagmuxnigk,alTueyaTwk sMrab;RCUk

pwksßitenAEpñkxageRkay . lkçN³EbbenHKWGacecosvag)annUvkarxUcxatcMNI nigsMeNImRTugEdl

bNþal[manemeraKepSg²rs;enA nigrIkduHdal.

- kgðaFMenAEpñkdMbUlsMrab;ebIkenAeBlmanGakasFatuekþA nigeBllagsMGatRTug .

-cak;kMralebtugenA)ateRkameday[manCMral2-3°nigmancg¥ÚrRbLaysMrab;bgðÚrTwk

lamk enAEpñkxageRkayRTug edIm,IbgálkçN³gayRsYldl;karsMGat .

-kMBs; CBa¢aMg 1/2-1/6Em:Rt

-kMras;CBa¢aMg 20-30 sgÞIEm:Rt

2-8 sñÚkcMNInigTwk

sñÚkdak;cMNIsMrab;dak;[RCUk)asIuman2RbePTKW ³

-sµÚkcMNIsMrab;RCUk)a³eFVIBIsIum:gt¾enACab;nigRTugEtmþg . RTugmYymansñÚkcMNImYyehIy

sñÚkenaHmanbNþay 40sg;ÞIEm:Rt TTwg30 sg;ÞIEm:Rt kMBs;20 sg;ÞIEm:Rt .

TwkRtUv)anpþl;tamRbB½nãTueyaEdlmank,alr:Ub‘ÍeNsV½yRbvtþ i sMrab;[RCUkxaMpwkedayxøÜn .

karpþl;Twk[RCUktamrebobenH)anpþl;nUvKuNsm,tþimYycMnYndUcteTA ³

- manGnam½yl¥ ³ TwEdlRCUk)anpwkKWCaTwks¥atecjBITueyaKµanRblak;kMeTckMTIlamk

Twkenamb¤emeraK .

- eFVI[RTugmansPaBl¥s¶ÜtKµanPaBkxVk;

- bgálkçN³gayRsYlsMGatminya:b;kMlaMgBlkmµnigminx©Hx©ayTwk\tRbeyaCn¾ .


59

cMNICaktþamYycMbgEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;x<s;kñúgkarciBa©wmstV . cMNImanKuNPaBeFVI[

RCUk)amansuxPaBl¥RbqaMgnUvCMgWnana nigpþl;nUvKuNPaBTwkkamx<s; . pÞúyeTAvijcMNIEdlxVH

KuNPaBEfrkSamin)anl¥dUcCamanduHpSit manCatiBulnaM[CH\TiæBlGaRkk;dl;suxPaBstV

nigkat;bnßynUvsmtßPaBbgáat;BUCRCUk)a .

2-9 cMNI

cMNIGaharrbs;RCUk)aRtUvERbRbYltameTAtamdMNak;kallUtlas;nigTMhMénkargarplitrbs;v

acab;BIeBlpþac;edaHdl;muneBleBleBjv½y ¬Gayu4-5Ex EdlmanTm¶n;RbEhl70-80KRk¦

RtUvpþl; [eQµalnUvcMNIesrIedaykñúgcMNImanGasIutGamIenRbePT lIsIun nigmanCatixnIC kal;süÚm

kñúgkRmit mYyx<s;CagRCUkemekµgbnþicedIm,I[RCUk)amankMeNInTm¶n;l¥. enAshrdæGaemrikmanGñk

ciBa©wmstVmYy cMnYn)anGnuvtþn¾karpþl;cMNItamrUbmnþdUcxageRkam³

tarasmasFatuciBa©wmsMrab;RCUk)amundMNak;kaleBjv½y

smasFatuciBa©wm 20-50KRk 50-110KRk

RbUetGIundul

famBl¬Kcal/kg cMNI¦

lIsIun¬Lysin)°

kal;süÚm ( Calcium)°

pUsV½r(Phosphor) °

16-18

3250

1

0/7

0/6

14-16

3250

0/8

0/6

0/5

RbPB³egVón g:ukTYn nigRtwg FIyin ¬1999¦

cMeBaH)aCMTg;EdlminTan;RKb;GayuBak;em eKRtUvpþl;cMNI[)anl¥edIm,IFanasuxPaBnigkarlUt

las;rbs;saBagÁkay b:uEnþminRtUv[RCUkFat;eBk b¤sÁmeBkeT . ebIFat;eBknaM[xøaj;eRcInnigCa

ehtueFVI[RCUkfytNðapÞúyeTAvijebIsÁmeBkeFVI[RCUk)ak;kMlaMgnigGsmtßPaBkñúgkarBak;em .


60

cMeBaHRCUk)aeBjv½yBak;emeyIgRtUv[vasIucMNItameBlevlakMnt; b:uEnþmuneBlBak;emminRtUv

[vasIuEq¥teBkeT . cMNIRtUvmanRbUetGIun13°¬krNImansmtulüGasIutGamIeNkñúgcMNI¦ehIyman

sarFatuEr: nigvItamInRKb;RKan; . kñúgmYyéf¶RtUv[vasIuRbEhl 3/5 K/Rk nigEfmRtkYn1-1>2K/Rk.

kúñgkrNIbgáat;jwkjab;bnþbnÞab;KñaRtUv[sMrakxøHedIm,IecosvagsßanPaBEs<ma:tUsUGIutmantickñúg

Twkkam bnÞab;mkKYrbEnßms‘utman;1b¤2RKab;eRkaybgàat;Pøam¬KYrpþl;s‘utq¥in edayecosvags‘uteqA

eRBaHvaman ss‘utEdlmansarFatu Avidin ehIysarFatuenHraraMgvitamIn H EdlCaehtueFVI[RCUk)a

xVH Biotin) b¤eyIgGacpþl;EfmemSARtI100Rkam b¤emSATwkedaHKµanERkmcMnYn50Rkam.

3-karciBa©wmRCUkem

3-1 eBlevla nigdMNak;kaleRCIserIs

rdUvkalxusKañeFVI[GakasFatuk¾manPaBxus²KañEdr ehIyvak¾eFVIeGaykarbgákMeNIténem

RCUkmanPaBERbRbYlEdr . ehtuenHeyIgRtUverobcMkmµviFIEbbNamYy edIm,IeGaysmRsb nigraraMg

)an nUv mhnþraydl;karciBa©wmrbs;eyIg .

enAkñúgsßanIy_ciBa©wmRCUkEbb]sSahkmµ karsMerceRCIserIsemBitCamankarlM)ak. edIm,I

eRCIserIsemeFVIBUCKYrerIseBlsmRsbedIm,I[ry³eBleBjv½yrYmCamYyGakasFatusmRsbkenSam

kUnlUtlas;l¥ manskmµPaBxøaMg GUvuleRcIn ehIyekIt)ankUntambMNgR)afña b¤tamrdUv EdlRtUvkar

GakasFatuekþAehIyesImCaktþaGaRkk;cMeBaHemnigkUnRCUk ehIyvak¾raMgrakarbeBa©jTwkedaH

min [plit)anRKb;RKan;sMrab;kUnpgEdr . CamYyKñaenHEdrkñúgry³eBlCitRbmUlplksikmµ tMél

knÞk; cugGgár dMLÚg eBat>>>mantMéléfø ehtuenHeBl[sIuRtUvcMNayGs;fvikareRcInRbsinebIEp¥k

tam vdþCIvitrbs;em eyIgnwgTTYl)anPaB BitR)akdénkarciBa©wmkUn nigem)anl¥ .

eRkABIsikSaRbvtþién em )a rbs;va ¬em-)al¥¦ eyIgRtUvcab;GarmµN_ elIlkçN³Biess

énrUbrag rbs;emEdleyIgbMrugnwgeRCIserIsBUC .

-xøÜnRtUvEvg RtKaknigsµarIk ehIyecosvagdac;xat cMeBaH em NaEdlman RtKaknigsµarYm

eRKagq¥wgmaM¬vabBa¢ak;tamry³Kl;knÞúyFM¦/knÞúyEvg/ eCIgnigRbGb;eCIgFM¬BiesseCIgeRkay¦ Rkck


61

eCIgxøI-Rtg;/rh½srhYnEtcritTn;Pøn;.eyIgRtUvecosvageRCIsykRCUkemNaEdlmanKl;knÞúytUc

knÞúy xøI RbGb;eCIgtUc Tn;exSay RkckEvgdUceRbIs b¤mçagEvgmçagxøI minesµIKña EdleFVI[kar

e)aHCMhan rbs;vaminesµIKña .

-knÞúyrbs;vaCanic©Cakalbk; b¤ekagexVCargVg;.

-EPèkminRtUvmanBN’RkhmeL Iy.

-eyanIBN’MRkhm ¬cMeBaHRCUkBN’s¦ ehIyminRtUveRCIserIsykRCUkEdlmaneyanItUcnig

esøkenaHeT. cMeBaHRCUkEdlmaneyanIragekagTMBk;vabBa¢ak;nUvlkçN³saykUn b:uEnþRkedayeQµal

bnþicebIedayeQµalk¾ry³eBlFøak;emCIvitjI¬Ovulation¦yWtCag36-48em:agb¤yUrCagenHEdr . kar

RCuHemCIvitBMumansPaBCab;²KñaeTeBalKWRCuHGak;² ehtuenHKb,IRtUvbgáat;2b¤3sareTIbCab;kUn

)aneRcIn ebImin dUecñHeTeyIgBuMGacTTYlkUn)aneRcIneLIy .

-manedaHBIrCYresµIKñaEtcenøaHCYredaHTaMgBIrq¶ayBIKña rYmTaMgcenøaHkenSamedaHnImYy²esµI²Kña

EtminXøatq¶ayBIKña. krNIenHeBlEdlvaepþkxøÜn[kUne)AedaHelIminRtYtelIedaHeRkamkUngay

e)AehtuenHvaciBa©wmkUn )anrs;eRcIn nigFMRsuHKañl¥. cMnYnedaHsrubrbs;emebImanBI 12-16KWl¥

nigminRtUv manedaHxVak;eT ebIeTaHCaedaHenaHCaedaHessb¤KUrk¾eday .

tamFmµtakñúg1CYrmanedaHmYy¬edaHmYybnÞab;cugeRkay¦ mansPaBtUc ehIymanTWkedaHEt

b:unµanéf¶b:ueNÑaH eBlkUne)AedaHenHvaGaceTACaRkinb¤lUtlas;yWt. edaHTaMg8enAnwgRTUgEtgEtrIk

cMerInl¥ cMENkedaHcugeRkaymanTwkedaHeRcIn . eRkayeBlpþac;edaH RbsinebIminbgçM bg¥t;cMNI

dl;vaeT enaHvanwgrlakedaHminxanehIyeBlekItkUnenAsarTI2edaHenaHnwgKµanpþl;TwkedaHeLIy.

minRtwmb:ueNÑaH esatvaGaceFVI[RKunTwkeedaHcMeBaHedaHd¾éTeTotpg EdlCabuBVehtuénkarsøab;rbs;

kUnEdlKµanedaH sMrab;e)AtamFmµtaedayedaHcugeRkaypþl;TwkedaH)anl¥eyIgKYreRCIseIrs ykkUn

EdlekþóbmkbMe)AenAedaHenaHedIm,IvalUtlas;l¥ehIymüa:geTotkUnenaHexSayvaminQµúsedaHxøaMgEdl

bgá[rlakeBleRkay .

eBleRCIserIsemeFVIBUCk¾caM)ac;RtUverIsemEdlmankenSamedaHelcecjmkc,as;las;l¥


62

ehIy esµIKñaehIyminRtUverIsemEdlmankenSamedaHelcecjminc,as;las; ebIelcecjmkk¾minRtUv

erIsyk emNaEdlmankenSamedaHminesµIKña nigmank,aledaHkb;xVak;enHeT .

-el,ÓnénkarlUtlas;rbs;emEdlRtUveRCIserIsenaH KYrEtlUtlas;l¥CageKenAkñúghVÚg .

-Kb,IRtUverIsykemNaEdlCakUnrbs;emEdlpþl;TwkedaHl¥nig)avamanedaHeRcInCag14 esµI²

Kña eRBaHfatamlkçN³esenTic edaHenHRtUv)ancMlgBIem nig)aeGayeTAkUn .

-RCUkEdlRtUveRCIseFIVCaem KYrEtminkac ¬eRBaHGacxaMkUneBlekIt¦Etk¾minkMsakEdr.

3-2 sBaØaedayeQµal nigkarbgáat;

-RCUkeRkomRkM e)aHbg;ecalcMNI b¤ sIuxøHEdrEtsIutictYc

-eyanIehIme)a:g nigRkhm¬eXIjc,as;cMeBaHRCUkBN¾s¦ehIyeBlCitFøak;emCIvitjI ( ovul )

enaHeyanIsVitRCIvRCYj nig manrMGilhUrecjmkeRkA .

-eBlmnusSenAEk,rvaERsk rå mkRbekokRbekIy

-hitelIRbdab;bnþBUCRCUkd¾éT b¤eLIgBak;elIxñgeK

-eBleyIgykédsÞabelIxñg¬tMbn;RtKak¦RCUkenAes¶om nigbk;Rtecok .

eyIgRtUvtamdancMnucBiess² kñúgeBledayeQµal BiesscMnucbgáat;smRsb .RtUvtamdan

tamRCUknImYy²eRBaHfary³eBledayeQµalERbRbYltamÉktþ³ .ry³eBledayeQµalGacbnøayBI

12-96em:ag b:uEnþCYnkalGac12-24em:ag¬cMeBaHRCUkeRtommYycMnYn¦ .

kñúgmYyvdþedayeQµalvaGacFøak;emCIvitjIcMnYnRbmaNCa 16-25GUvul ehIyemCIvitjI Gac

rs;)anEt8em:agb:ueNÑaHeRkayeBlFøak;ecjBIGUEv. CamYyKñaenHEdreyIgk¾RtUvdwgBIry³eBl rs;enA

rbs;emCIviteQµal¬Es<m:atUsUGIut¦ pgEdr edIm,I[karbgáat;RbkbedayeCaKC½y . Es<m:atUsUGIut

Gacman CIvitrs;enAEt48em:agbu:eNÑaHkñúgRbdab;bnþBUCjI .

cMnucbgáat;smRsb b¤RtUveBlevla vaCaGñkkMNt;GRtabgákMeNIt nigcMnYnkUnsMralmk

kñúgmYysMbuk².Kb,Ibgáat;BUCenA12-30 em:ageRkayemeRtomcab;epþImedayeQµal b¤18-36em:ag

cMeBaH emFøab;mankUn. CaFmµtaeKEtgbgáat;2-3dgkñúgeBledayeQµal.ral;cenøaHdgénkarbgáat;


63

KWcenøaH KñaRbmaN 12-24 em:ag kareFVIEbbenH KWedIm,I[GRtabgákMeNItx<s;.

krNIxøHeTotRCUkeRtommanvdþePTEtry³eBlmindl;2éf¶eT ehtuenHemCIvitjI¬Ovul¦ nwg

Føak;mkeRkayeBlGs;edayeQµaldUecñHeyIgRtUvbgáat;vakñúgry³eBlenaHPøam. krNImYycMnYneTot

emenA EtTTYlykeQµal[Bak;eTaHbIry³eBledayeQµalelIsBI3éf¶k¾eday b:uEnþemenaHmin

GacmankUn )aneTeRBaHvaminbgákMeNIt .

kñúgeBlbgáat;minRtUvnaMyk)acUlkñúgRTugemeT eRBaHmanemmYycMnYneFVI[)a xatbg;eBlevla

¬mincMeBlevlaEdl Ovul nigEs<m:atUsUGIutCYbKña¦ pÞúyeTAvijebIykjIeTARTug)avij k¾dUcKña eRBaH

sßanIy_xøHciBa©wm)aRTugceg¥ót . krNIEbbenHKYrykem nig)aeTARTugedayET,kedIm,I[Bak; . KYr

eFVIkarbgáat;cMeBaH)aEdlmanGayu10-12ExeT,IgeTA eRBaHvaeFVI[emQres¶ómCag)aEdl manGayu

ticCag 10Ex .

kareBjv½y nigedayeQµalsmRsbtamdMNak;kalKWCa bBaðacaM)ac;sMrab;RCUkem . CaTUeTA

RCUkemedayeQµalenAGayucenøaH5-8Ex . RbsinebIRCUkedayeQµalmþg b¤BIrdg muneBlTMgn;

110-120KRk enaHcMnYnkUn eBlekItmkGaceRcIn . cMnYnkUntic b¤eRcInk¾GaRs½ynwg dMNak;kal

edayeQµalpgEdr .

dMNak;kaledayeQµal cMnYnkUnkñúgmYysMbukenAsarTI1k,al

elIkdMbUg 8

elIkTI2 10

elIkTI3 11

elIkTI4 11/5

RbPB³ egVon g:ukTn;-cin>FIyin¬1999¦

viFankarEdlKYrGnuvtþn_enAcenøaH3GaTitümuneBlRCUkemedayeQµal ³

bMlas;RCUkeTARTugepSgeTot b¤bgçaMgCamYyRCUkemEdledayeQµalrYc enaHeKsegáteXIj

fa RbmaN 15-30° RCUkemnwgedayeQµal .


64

R)aRs½yCamYy)a³KWCaviFankarmYymanRbsiT§PaBbMputeBalKWRCUkemRbmaNCa 30-90°

edayeQµalkñúgrgVg; 3-10éf¶ eRkayeBlenAEk,r)a. KYrbgçaMgemCitRTug)a b¤bgçaMgCamYy Et

ry³eBlRbmaN15-30naTIerogral;éf¶enAeBlvamanGayu160éf¶¬80-100KRk¦ ehIyKYreRbI)a

eBjv½y ¬Gayu10-12Ex¦ edIm,I rMejacRCUk[edayeQµal.

kareFVIbNþMúviFankarTaMg2xagelI vanwgbegáIncMnYnemeRtomedayeQµalkñúgcMnucmYyEdleyIgcg;

)an.cMeBaHRCUkBUC Kb,IRtUve)aHbg;ecaleBlEdledayeQµalticCagGayu9Ex b¤kñúgkrNIbgáat;min

Cab; 3dg .

kareRbI»sfRbePTGrm:Un gonadotropine k¾GaceFVI[RCUkemedayeQµalqab; b¤sMbUremCIvit

jIpgEdr .

karRsavRCavmYyenAGURsþalI)anbgðaj[eXIjfaRCUkeRtomEdlTukeFVIBUC)anKYrEtmanxøaj;xñg

kMras;18-20mm¬TItaMg P2¦enAeBlEdlvaedayeQµalelIkdMbUgeRBaHedIm,I[vamanfamBlsþúk

RKb;RKan;kñúgeBlciBa©wmkUn . rIÉenAs‘uyEGt eKEtgbgàat;vaeBlmanTm¶n;120KRk .

caM)ac;RtUveRbIR)as;»sfkarBarCm¶W Vaccine¦ muneBledayeQµal2GaTitü

edIm,IRbqaMgTlnwg Cm¶WEdlbgá[manmhnþraydl;kUnkñúgépÞdUcCa³Cm¶WqáÜtEkøgkøay¬Aujesky¦/

kRBa¢il-)a:v:U (Parvoruvax)¦ /Leptospirosis…CaedImehIyk¾minRtUvcak; Vaccine

enAeBlbgáat; b¤eBlEdlemBeBaH)an1ExeLIy

RbmaN10éf¶muneBlbgáat;eyIgGacEfmcMNIRbmaN 50-100°elIcMNIEdl[sIuRbcaMéf¶

edIm,I [emeRtom beBa©jemCIvitjI)aneRcIn .

3-3 karciBa©âmemmanKP’

3-3-1 KP’


65

karvinicá½yfaRCUkmanKP’ b¤Gt;mansar³sMxan;Nas;kèúgkarciBa©âmRCUk . RbsinebIemRCUk min

bgákMeNIt enaHeXIjRtUvKitKUreT,Igvij eBlEdlvaedayeQµalenAdMNak;bnÞab;eTot ehIyerobcM

eBlevlabgàat;[cMeBl . TnÞâmenHeXIgRtUvviPaK[)anc,as;las; faemNamanKt’eRcInEx emNa

eT IbmanKP’ edIm,IgayRsYlkèúgkar[cMNIGahar .

ry³eBlBeBaHrbs;emRCUk KÅ 113-116 éf¶ ehIymFüm 114 éf¶ .tamFmµta eTA

dMNak;kalBeBaH man 2 dMNak; ÷

-dMNak;kal 1³ manry³eBl 60-65 éf¶dMbUg¬RbEhl 2 Ex ¦ åndMNak;kalmanKP’

-dMNak;kal 2³manry³eBl 60-65 éf¶bnÞab;BIdMNak;kalTImYy

karviPaKemmanKP’enAdMNak;kalTI2enHmansPaBgayRsYleRBaHeBlenaHsaßnPaBrUbragrb

s;emRCUkmansPaBpøas;bþÚr eBaHFM/ kenSamedaHFMCagmun /dMeNIrryÅtya:v>>>.

kèúgkarviPaKfaemmanKP’ b¤Gt;enaHeKniymeRbIma:sIunva:s;eRBaHvaFana)anBt’manBit90-95%

cMeBaHemNaEdlbgáat;)an 30-45 éf¶ .

b:uEnþGacmankrNIxøHEdleKvinicá½ymanPaByl;RcLMedayemmanKP’rYcehIy EteyanIenAehIm

emminsUvsIuEtminRBm[)aBak;¬edayeQµalEkøgkøayGaRs½yedaykarekIneLIgén Estradiol

rbs;suk¦ manemxøHminedayeQµaleLIgvijEtk¾minepImEdr. RbkarenHKWGaRs½yedayCm¶WrbbGahar

b¤karEfTaM min)anl¥>>> .

eKGaceRbIviFIgayRsYlmüa:geTot edaykarBinitüTwkenamem edIm,IEsVgrkemIlPaBERbRbYlén

HormonePT eBalKWeBlRBwkeyIg ykTwkenamEdlsgS½yfamanKP’mkBinitü . dMbUgeyIgykTwk

enameBlRBwkrbs;emmkdak;kñúgkUnbMBg;BiesaFn_ RbmaN10mIlIølIRt rYcykeTAdutnwgcegáóg

Gal;kul [rIgenAsl;RbmaNCa 1-0/10 b¤1-0/25mIlIølIRt rYcbBaÄb;vaPøam .bnÞab;mkeK

bEnßmGasIutGaesTic ¬CH3COOH¦cMnYn3-4dMNk; nig Lugol RbmaN 3-4 dMNk;Edr

ehIyykeTAdutmþgeTot.eRkaykardut TWkenamnwgbgðajlT§pl[eXIjfa RbsinebITwksUluysüúg


66

Edllay¬BN’kUlab¦ køayeTA RkhmCaMenaH )ann½yfamankUn pÞúymkvij ebIvaERbCaexovvijenaH

bBa¢ak;favaKµankUneT .

3-3->2 cMNI nigkarEfTaM

karEfTaM nigpþl;cMNIRtwmRtUvdl;emmanKP’ mansarsMxan;Nas;sMrab;CYy[KP’ ¬Zygot¦man

karrIkcMerIn)anl¥tamFmµta ehIyk¾GacrkSakUnTaMgenaH[)anl¥ nigeRcInrhUtdl;eBlsMralpgEdr

TnÞwmenHvaCYy[sarBagÁkayemmansarFatusþúkTukeRcInedIm,IbegáItCaTwkedaHedIm,IbMe)A[kUnpgEdr

cMnYnkUnEdlekItmkkñúgmYysMbuk)anl¥ b¤GaRkk;eRkABImUlehtuén)a vak¾GaRs½yeday³

-cMnYnemCIvitjIEdlFøak;mk nigGRtabgákMeNIt

-sIUkUtxUcxat³ RbmaNBI 25-30%énsIUkUt)ansaøb;kñúgeBaH eBlemBeBaHkñúgExdMbUg

-vimaRt nigsmtßPaBbBa©jrss,ÚnedIm,IciBa©åmkUnmankMNt;

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eTVrdgeFébCamYyKP’enAkèúgeBaH90åf¶ bu:EnþGèkciBa©âmRtUvcab;GarmµN¾ kèúgBak;kNaþldMbUgåneBl

BeBaHBiess enAExdMbUg eRBaHfa Zygot ¬KP’ ¦ eBlenaH¬10-12éf¶ ¦eTIberóbcMbegáItCasuk

ehIyeRsabeBj eljelI zygot enAéf¶TI10bnÞab;EdlRtUvnwgéf¶20-22 . ehtuenH KP’minTan;

c,amcab;rwgmaMelIPèas s,ÚneT enH)ann½yfaKP’ minTan;mansukkarBarva kèúgeBlGayu3s)aþh_eT .

dUecèHKP’eBlenaHgay nwgrg\T§iBledayktþaciBa©wmNas; .

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eBlbgáat;EdreRBaHfaebImindUecñHeTvaGacrlUt)an .

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nigsMeNImx<s; cenøaHry³eBl1-16éf¶dMbUg enaHcMnYnkUnekItmkmankarfycuHKYr[kt;sMKal;


67

CamYy KñaenHEdreBldak;)aehIyeKminRtUvbgçaMgvaenACamYyRTugEpñkEdlvaminFøab;rs;enAeT eRBaHem

d¾éTGac xaMCamYyvakñúg 1-2 éf¶dMbUgGacbNaþl[varlUtkUn)an .

krNIemciBa©åmRTugrYmKñaman 6-8 k,al¼RTug RtUvmanTMhM 2 m2¼k,al.

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bNþal[manbBaçadl;kUnkèúgKP’ . cMeBaHcMNIpSMeRscRtUvmanfamBl 3100-3200 Kcal/kg/

RbUetGIundul 14-15°¬krNIKµansmtulüGasiutGamIn¦/lIsIun 0/5°/kal;süÚm0/9°nigpUsV½r

0/8° ehIycMNIRbePTenH RtUvpþl;RbmaN2-2/8KRk¼k,al .

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eRsckñúgk,al eRBaHvaCaGacCYybEnßmsmtßPaBrs;ran rbs;kUn)aneRcIn kñúgdMNak;kalbMe)A .

karbEnßmeRbg-xøaj; enAkñúgcMNI 1-2 GaTitümuneBlekIt KWCYybEnßmfamBlsþúkTukkñúg

sarBagÁkayrbs;kUn nigsarFatuxøaj;kñúgTwkedaH . eKEtglayEfm eRbg-xøaj; 5°enAkñúgcMNI[sIu

enAs)þah_TI2 b¤Efm10°cUlkñúgcMNI kñúgGaTitüTI1muneBlsMralkUn .

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mþg² ecosvagemRCUkrak . kñúgry³eBl3éf¶muneBlekIt RtUvbnßycMNIbnþicmþg² rhUtenAsl;

Et1KRk¼éf¶ muneBlekIt nigEfmbEnø b¤knÞk;dl;emedIm,Iecosvagemekþón/ Bi)aksMral nigrlakedaH

kñúgxN³BeBaH emcaM)ac;RtUvekInTm¶n;srubEt 34-35KRkEdlkñúgenaHTm¶n;xøÜnva[ekInEt

14-15KRkb:ueNÑaH ehIyKP’RbEhl20KRk . minRtUv[emsIueRcIneBkeT eRBaHvaGacbNþal[

xøÜnvaFat; xøaj; nigsøab;kUn edaysarBi)aksMral b:uEnþk¾minRtUv[emsÁmeBkEdr eRBaHGacxVHfamBl

kñúgkarplit TwkedaH¬Biess RCUkemdMbUg¦ .

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dMbUgmansmtßPaBCYydl;kUnTb;Tl;nwgktþabgáCm¶WepSg² eBlEdlkUnRCUkminTan;manRbB½n§PaBsaMu

eBjelj.RbmaNCa3-6GaTitümuneBlekItRtUvkarBarvanUvCm¶WepSg²dUcCa ³ Aujeszky

,Salmonella , rakeday E.coli… . BIrs)þah_muneBlekIt KYrTMlak;RBUn nigsMlab;brasitEs,k


68

eday »sfNaEdlmansuvtþiPaBdl;em . duslagsMGatemedaysab‘U nigsMGatRTugenAåf¶TI 5-7

muneBlsMral .

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)an l¥eBlmunbBa©ÚlvaeTA.»sfrMgab;emeraKRtUvTuky:agehacNas;20naTIeTIblagsMGatvij .RtUv

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Rc)ac;ecjmk .

krNIenH eKsegáteXIjfaRbmaNCa72em:ag emnwgsMralkUn ehIyRbsinebIeyIgRc)ac;

ecjTwkedaH . RbsinebITwkedaH)aj;ecjmkxøaMgenaH RCUkGacnWgsMral RbmaNCa 8em:ageRkay .

kñúgkrNIxøHeRkayBIRc)ac;ecjTwkedaHehIyRbmaNCa2-3ema:g eRkaykUnnwgsMralecjmk

-cgVak;degðImrbs;emekIneLIg

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RTug xaMRTug/ TVar b¤sñÚkcMNI RbsinebIeyIgminbegáItsMbuk[va eT.

-emmYycMnYnbk;knÞúycuHeLIgmuneBlekIt 2 em:agehIybenÞarbg;lamkeRcIn nigesÞIrRKb;

TIkEnøg.

-RbmaNCa15naTImuneBlekIt emedkelIkMral ehIymanTwkrMGilhUrecjmk CYnkalman

layQammkCamYypg . emRCUkedkep¥ógeBlsMral . eBlemRbwgeKeXIjeCIgeRkayTajmkmux/

ekagxøÜn nigknÞúy .


69

eBlemRbwgbegáItkUnvaxøacPaBGnþrayepSg²Nas; dUecñHebImansPaBGVIminRsYlvaminRbwg

enaH kUnnwgfb;degðImsøab;Caminxan ¬eRBaHsuk)anKabTgp©iteBlemRbwg¦ . kñúgkrNIemsMralFmµta

eyIgKb,Irg;caMrhUt kUnecjmkeRkAsinswumeFVIGnþraKmn_epSg² .

ry³eBlsMralERbRbYlmineTogTat; CYnkalGacGUsbnøayrhUt7em:ag eTIbcb;sBVRKb;

.tam FmµtaemsMralkUn cenøaHkUnnImYy² 12-25naTIkUnmYy b:uEnþk¾mankrNIxøH kUnekItEt2-

3naTImYy k,alcMeBaHemEdlgaysMralkUn cMeBaHemekItyWt 2-3em:ag ekItkUnmYy.

kñúgkarsMralenHk¾mankrNIkUnekItlM)akpgEdr ehIyvaEtgman2krNI³

-emRbwgxøaMg EtkUnminecjmkeRkAeT enaHGacbNþalmkBIkUnmandMeNkp¶ar/ kUnFMeBk

b¤GagRtKaktUc rmYls,Ún>>> .l. eRkABIenHRtUvBiPakSaCamYyeBTüstVCabnÞan; .

-eRkayeBlekItmk)anb:unµank,al emminRbwgbegáItmkeTot¬emx¢ilbegáIt¦. krNIenHeRcIn

CYbcMeBaHemcas;eRBaHs,ÚnexSay. dUcenHeKseRgÁaHkarsMraledaycak; Ocytoxine10-20UI/dg¼k,al .

3-4 karciBa©wmembMe)A

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k-EfTaMemeRkayeBlsMral

kEnøgEdlembegáItkUnRtUvmanGakasFatusmRsbRbEhl 20ºc briyakasecjcUll¥nigRtUv

mansPaB s¶b;s¶at;.sItuNÑPaB ekþAs¥úHs¥ab;>>>eFVI[emBI)akdkdegðIm x©ilRbwg bNþal[kar

begàItman sPaByWt y:avbNþal[fb;degçImkUn.PaBG‘UGr EbøkmnusSEdlEfTaM b¤vtþmanån Eqà qµa

GacnwgeFVI[ emRCUkxøac b¤ ERbkøayCakac b¤Gak;sMral>>>ehIycMnYnkUnEdlekItmkGacnwgman

GRtasøab;x<s;.

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k¾Qb;mYymYyry³. RbsinebIemsMralFmµtaenaHkñúgGMLúgeBlEt 3-4 em:ag emnwgbegáItkUnmk

Gs;nigFøak;sukmktameRkay.cMeBaHemRCUkEdlFøak;sukmkmþgmYy²eKkRmeXIjmanCm¶Wrlaks,Ún

Nas; eRBaHsuknImYy²eRbobdUcCasarFatulagsMGat rujRcanCatikxVk;ecjBIs,Ún. eKk¾ eXIjman


70

krNIsuk nigkUnekItecjmkGs; Rsab;EtenAsl;kUnmYycugeRkay ehIykUnenHPaKeRcInCa kUnFMnig

RsbeBlCamYyKñaenaHemmankarht;enOy/gguyedk/mincg;Rbwg>>. karenAsl;kUnEbbenHEtg

bNþal [vasøab;kUns¥úyrlYybgá[emmanCm¶Wrlaks,Ún b¤manCatiBulkñúgQamF¶n;F¶r ehIyCa

beNþIr²em manCm¶W RKunekþA e)aHbg;cMNIGahar xVHTwkedaH>>>TnÞwmenHvaeFVI[kUnd¾éTsøab; eRBaHeRsk

XøanKµanedaHe)A.

minRtUvGnþraKmn¾eday Ocytocine eBlEdlemminTan;TMlak;kUndMbUgeT. RbsinebIcg;

GnþraKmn¾eday»sfenHcaM)ac;RtUvRtYtBinitüq¥wgepñaHRkan¬q¥wgRtKak¦sin.

mankrNICaeRcInEdlkUnsMralecjmkmaneRsamsukekþabmkCamYy dUecñHGñkGnþraKmn¾ RtUv

Rbjab;Rbjal;EhkeRsamenaHecjedIm,I[kUn)andkdegðImRsYlminfb;. emEdlekItkUnGs; suk

k¾ruj ecjmkGs;Edr¬cMnYnsukesµIcMnYnkUn¦. eBlem[kUne)A ehIyknÞúysNþÚkcuH)ann½y faem

begáItkUnGs;ehIy bu:EnþRbsinebIknÞúyenAekag ¬knÞúyenAekagBTæ½mYyCMu¦ enaHbBa¢ak;fa enAsl;kUn

b¤sukkñúgeBaH eTot eRBaHemkMBugGt;degðIm RbwgCMrujnUvGVI²Edlmansl;kñúgenaH.

muneBlsMralkUnemEtgQr b¤edIreTApwkTwk benÞarbg;lamk Twkenam nigvilmkedkvijedImI,

sMral. CaTUeTAeBledksMralemEtgedKep¥óg enHRbEhlCakUnEdlenAéds,ÚnTaMgBIrmanmçagRtUv

ecjmkeRkA. RbsinebIcg;[emRtLb;xøÜnmkmçageToteyIgRKan;EtGEg¥ledaHxageqVg.

muneBlsMralkUneyIgcaM)ac;RtUvsMGatRbdab;bnþBUCCamunsinBiesscenøaHeyanInigTVarFMeRBaH

kEnøgenHmansPaBkxVk;EdlgaycMLgemeraKbMput. Kb,IRtUvkat;eramknÞúyemecj eRBaHeBlRbwg

CMrujkUnmkeRkAvak¾Rbwgbk;knÞúyEdrEdlnaMmklamknwgsarFatuminl¥Cab; b¤RbLak;Rbdab;bnþBUC nig

gayeFVI[emCYbRbTHCm¶wRbdab;bnþBUC.

GakasFatuekþAs¥úHs¥ab;eFVI[emmincg;RbwgbegáItkUneT dUecñHebICYbGakasFatuEbbenHKb,I

RbqaMg nwgPaBekþAedayeRsac[vaRtCak; b¤s¥MTwkkkenAk,al b¤EksMrYlGakasFatuRTug

RbsinebIGac.BwgelIsßanPaBb¤meFüa)ayxagelIenaHvanwgGacCYyemTmøak;kUn)anrh½s nigGRta

søab; fycuHmkenATab.


71

emmYycMnYneBlCitsRmalEtgmansPaBehImRbdab;ePT ehIyebIemRbwgbegáItkUn

b¤ebIeRbI»sfrMejackarRbwgéns,ÚnenaHGacbNþal[rEhkRbdab;ePT b¤hUrQamF¶n;F¶r . ehtuenH

eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvmanviFankarTb;Tl;CabnÞan;edayeRbIdegáob¬)auMg¦Kab b¤cgsrésQam. eRkayeBl

GnþraKmn_elIrbYsRbdab;bnþBUCedayeRbIR)as; Antibiotics RbmaN 3-7éf¶ eTAtamkMritrbYs

énRbdab;bnþBUC . RtUvrkSaRTug[s¶ÜtCanic© b:uEnþeyIgGac gUtTwk[emRCUk EdlekItkUnehIy

enAs)þah_TI2-3 eBlemXekþA .

rlakedaHGacekIteLIgmun b¤eRkayeBlsMral . eraKsBaØaénCm¶WenH KWedaHehImrwg Rkhm

nig QWcab;. sItuNðPaBGacekIn ehIylkçN³q¶aj;mat;fycuH .rlakedaHman\T§iBleday pÞal;

elITwkedaH dMbUg nigTwkedaHdl;karciBa©wmkUn .karBüa)alrlakedaHeday Antibiotics Gacman

\T§iBldl;karrIk cMerInén)ak;etrImanRbeyaCn_kñúgeBaHevonrbs;kUntamry³ Antibiotics kñúgTwkedaH

GaceFVI[kUnraK ehtuenHRtUvRby½tñRbEyg Gnam½y EpñkcMNIGahar nigkarEfTaM .

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enaHeyIgGacbgáat;va)an edaypþac;edaHkUnEtmþg .

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plitTwkedaH nigmincuHsÁmTm¶n; BwgelIlkçN³enHkUnk¾qab;FM emk¾edayeQµal eLIgvijrh½s Edr .

eyIgRtUvcab;GarmµN_dl;karplitTwkedaHrbs;em edIm,IciBa©wmkUn CamFümvaplit)an5-7KRk¼éf¶

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sarFatu xøaj; nig 0/45 KRkRbUetGIun enAkñúgTwkedaHkñúgmYyéf¶² .


72

kñúgdMNak;kalbMe)AkUn Tm¶n;rbs;emGacfycuHGtibrmaEt20° b:ueNÑaHebIeFobCamYyTm¶n;

eBlsMral .

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ciBa©wmkUn/ cMnYnkUnkñúgsMbuk nigcMnYnéf¶EdlciBa©wmkUn .eRkayeBlekIt karkMNt;[sIu nigbegIáncMNI

CabeNþIr RtUv)anGnuvtþn_ rhUtdl;éf¶TI4 eTIb[vasIuesrI .

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rUbmnþ 1/50 +¬0/40æ¦¬evotNam¦

rUbmnþ ³2/7+ +¬0/23æ ¦¬ OHIYO¦

æ ³ CacMnYnkUnEdlciBa©wmkñúgsMbuk

b¤GacfaRCUkembMe)ARtUv)anpþl;cMNIehacNas;k¾ 5KRk kñúgmYyéf¶Edr EdlkñúgenaHKYrEtman³

RbUetGIun16° ¬krNIKµansmtulüGasiutGamIeNkñúgcMNI¦ /famBl 3000-3200 kcal /kg,

Lysin 0/6°/ kal;süÚm0/7°/ pUsV½r 0/6° eRkABIenH RtUvmanRKb;RKan; nUvvItamIn nigsarFatu

xniCd¾éTeTot

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¬30 -32 0C¦TnÞwmenHRTugRtUvmansPaBs¥atnigs¶Üt.kartamdanCaRbcaMrbs;GñkciBa©wmeRkayeBl

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x<s; nig manlkçN³q¶aj;.kUnRCUkeTIbekItmkmansPaBexSay ehtuenHeyIgcaM)ac;RtUvman karEfTaM

l¥RtwmRtUveTIbkUnrs;)aneRcInRbsinebImindUecñHeT GRtasøab;rbs;vanwgekInx<s; .

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énédeqVg Kab ePøATaMg2 nwgyYrbRBa©aseCIgeLIgelIedIm,I[TwkrMGilhUrecjmk ehIyédsþaMcab;yk

Tgp©itmkKYcrMuelI 2-3CMuelInagédedIm,IecosvagkarhUrQamtamp©it.bnÞab;mkédsþaMykkEnSgmk

CUtRcmuHmat;[Gs; rMGilbnÞab;mkCUtxøÜnva[s¶Üt.kareFVIrebobenHmanRbeyaCn_dl;dMNkdegðIm rbs;


73

kUneRkayeBlsMral ehIycrnþQamrbs;vanwgrt;mky:agelOndl;xYrk,aledIm,IPaBrs;ran rbs;va .

RbsinebIKµanlT§pl eyIgeRbIdMNkdegðImsib,nimµiteday mincaM)ac;bWt pøúMtamry³mat; eyIgeT .

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¬cMeBaHRCUkBN’s¦b¤RcmuHmat;eFVIclnaedIm,IdkdegçImEbblM)ak¬cMeBaHRRCUkBN’exµAb¤elOg¦

ebIeXIj EbbenHeyIgRtUvGnþraKmn_edayeRbIédsþaMRc)ac;Elg² enAelIq¥wgCMnIrbs;va 60-70dg¼naTI

ehIy10-20dgCUtrMGilecjBImat;-RcmuHmþg rhUtdl;kUnmandegðImeTIbQb; .

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Etmñak;Rsb eBlCamYykargarlagsMGatxøÜn .cMNgRtUvcg RbEhl4-6sm BIeBaHrbs;kUnstV

ehIycug bBa©b; eKeRbIkéRnþkat;p©it[q¶ayBIcMNg 1 sm . bnÞab;mksMGatp©iteday Iod 2° b¤

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vanwgxaMedaHem .karkat;eFµj b¤cgáÚm eFVIeLIgbnÞab;BIsMGatrMGilvarYc .eKeRbIédeqVg kþab;[Cab;

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édRc)ac; elIcenøaHfÁamTaMg2 edIm,I[vahamat; . eRbIkéRnþkat;eFµjTaMg8enHecal .

eBlkat;rYccaM)ac;RtUv sMGatvaeday Iod layGal;kulelIsñamkat; .

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RCUkEdlmanTm¶n; TabCagenH.

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-cak;CatiEdk³


74

kic©karenH eFVIeLIgeBlvaGayu)an3éf¶ b¤10éf¶ nigcak;elIkTI2enA10-12éf¶bnÞab; edIm,I

Tb;Tl;Cm¶WxVHQameBlTwkedaHempþl;CatiEdkminRKb;RKan;.ral;mYyelIk²RtUvcak;CatiEdk

100mRk¼k,al mankrNIxøHeBlcak;CatiEdkRbePT200mRk¼k,al kñúgmYyelIkbNþal[

RbtikmµkUnRCUkedayRbkac;/ hUrTwkmat; ehIyGacQandl;søab;)an. dUecñHeyIgRtUvcak;EfmnUv

vItamin E C nig Atropine edIm,IbnSab. kalebICYbkrNIEbbenHRtUvbBaÄb;karcak;CatiEdk

4-5éf¶CabeNþaHGasnñ edayeFVIy:agNa[ kUnTTYl)an bEnßmnUvvItamin E and Seleniumsin.

-kat;Rtecok

vaCameFüa)aymYyEdlbgðajBIcMnYnRCUkkalNaeyIgciBa©wmRCUkeRcIn ehIyk¾CameFüa)ay

mYy gaytamdanBUCRCUkNaEdlman karlUtlas; b¤bgákMeNIt)anl¥enAeBleRkay .

-eRkov³eKalbMNgedIm,IecosvagkMu[mankøineq¥H énRkumSteroid ¬Biess 5 - andosteron¦

RCatcUl enAkñúgsac; . eKniymeRkoveBlkUnRCUkmanGayu7-10éf¶ edayELkenA OHIYO

shrdæGaemrikeK EtgeRkoveBlGayu1-3éf¶¬eRkayeBlkUnRCUk)ane)AedaHdMbUg4-5dg¦ .

enAcRkPBGg;eKøs nigGURsþalI eKminniymeRkovRCUkeQµaledIm,IciBa©wmyksac;eT eRBaHRCUk

eQµallUtlas;rh½sCagRCUkjI 10-15° nigpþl;sac;RkhmeRcInCageTotpg .tamFmµtaRCUkRtUv

kab;sac;muneBlvalUtlas;RbB½n§bnþBUC edIm,Iecosvagkøineq¥Hkñúgsac; .qøgkat;kargarBUC nigrbb

GaharGñkviTüasaRsþCnCatiGg;eKøs)ansMerceFVIy:agNa[valUtlas;elOnEpñksac; 100-105 KRk

eBlGayu150éf¶ eBlenaHsac;vaminTan;mankøineq¥HenAeLIyeT .

dUcEdl)anerobrab;xagelIrYm nigbBaðadéTeTot eyIgKYrcab;GarmµN_dl;ciBa©wmkUnRCUkedayKit

BIPaBs¥aténRTug nigbriyakas .RTugkUnRtUvecosvagxül;ePøógsaccUl EtRtUvmanRckxül;ecjcUl

smRsb .sItuNðPaBsmRsbsMrab;kUnRCUkeTIbekIt KW30-32 ºckñúgs)þah_dMbUg bnÞab;mkfyCa

beNþIr¬mYyGaTitüfy1 b¤2ºc¦ . eyIgeRbIGMBUlmUl100 watt cg;BüÜr[putBIkMral

RbEhl0/5Em:Rt enaHkUnstVnwgTTYl)ankMedAsmRsbtameyIgcg;)an .bnÞab;mkeyIgelIkbnþicmþg

eTA elIedIm,I bnßy sItuNðPaBkñúgRTug[)ansmRsb .


75

mansßanIy_xøHkñúgRbeTsevotNam)an nigkMBugcak;5-10mlsUluysüúg glucose 5°eday

lay vItamInRkumBcUl kñúgRbehageRsameBaH eBlRCUkmanGayu 24em:ag kareFVIEbbenHkñúg eKal

bMNg edIm,Ikat;bnßyGRtasøab; .

-rebobbMe)ATwkedaHdMbUg

TwkedaHdMbUgpþl;sarFatuciBa©wm nigGg;TIK½rdl;kUn edIm,IbegáInPaBlUtlas; nigTb;Tl;Cm¶W .

kUnRCUkRtUv[e)ATwkedaHdMbUgPøameRkayeBlsMral eRBaHeBaHevonkUnRCUkGacRsUbykGg;TIK½rEtkñúg

ry³eBlRbmaNCa24-36em:ag b:ueNÑaHeRkaysMral .

cMeBaHemEdlekItrh½s¬1b¤2em:agGs;kUn¦ eyIgrg;caMvaekIt nigFøak;sukGs;sinsuwm[kUne)A

¬eRkayeBlsMGatkUn nigkat;eFµjehIy¦ . krNIemekItkUnyWteyIgk¾RtUv[kUne)ARbmaNCa 2-3

em:ageRkayeBlemsMrakbnþic . kñúgeBlemkMBugsMralkUn eyIgGacbUmykTwkedaHdMbUg bBa©Úlkñúg

db nig[kUne)ARbmaN20-30ml¼k,al¼db ¬cenøaHkare)AnImYy² 1-2em:ag¦.TwkedaH dMbUg

EdlRtUv pþl;[kUnnImYy²y:agehacNas;k¾150-200mIløIlIRtEdr . eTaHy:agNak¾eday eyIgRtUv

bgçaMgkUn 24em:ag sinEdrcaMElgva[CYbem .

kUnRCUkEdl)at;em b¤emsøab; b¤cg;bBa©ÚleTAhVÚgd¾éT k¾RtUvpþl;TwkedaHdMbUg[vasinEdrcaMyk

eTAdak;kñúghVÚgrYmCamYyeK b¤eyIgGacciBa©wmvaedayTwkedaH sib,nimµit b¤cMNIEdlCMnYsTwkedaH .

-bBa©ÚlRkum

karbBa©ÚlkUnRCUkcUlkñúgRkumd¾éTeTotKWCakargarmYyd¾sMxan; .kalNaeyIgbBa©ÚlvasmRsb

kUnRCUkecosputBI Stress/ lUtlas;l¥ nigfycuHGRtasøab; . kUnEdlRtUvbBa©ÚlkñúgRkumd¾éTeFVIeLIg

eRkayBIemsøab; b¤xVHTwkedaH b¤emmankUneRcIneBk .

eBlevlaEdlbBa©ÚlRkuml¥bMputKW kñúgrgVg;24em:ageRkayeBlsMral¬krNIxøHGaceFVIenAéf¶TI

2-3 eRkayekIt¦ .kUnRCUkRtUv)anpþl;TwkedaHdMbUgehIyeTIbbBa©ÚlkñúghVÚg . mankrNIxøHeTot eK

bB©ÚalkñúghVÚgmincMeBaHeBlNaeT [EtkñúgdMNak;kalbMe)A EtRtUvEp¥kelIkarlUtlas; nigsmtßPaB

pþl;TwkedaHrbs;em .


76

cMnYnkUnEdlbBa©Úl-beBa©jBIRkumRtUvEp¥kelIcMnYnedaH/ smtßPaBplitTwkedaHrbs;em nigkar

ÉkPaBrvagKñaénTm¶n;kUnRCUk ¬Tm¶n;Rbhak;RbEhlKña¦ . cMnYnkUnkñúgsMbukfµI² RtUvmanRbmaNCa10

k,al edIm,Iecosvag Stress .

edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarxaMkUnEdleyIg)anbBa©Úl¬eBlemvasøab;b¤KµanTwkedaH¦eyIgKb,IbBa©Úlva

kñúg RkumEdlmanemminTan;[kUne)AehIylabTwkedaHb¤Twkenamrbs;emelIxøÜnkUnEdlbBa©Úl.eyIg

Gaclab eRbgxül;elIkUnvanigkUnbBa©ÚledIm,I[emRcLM EteTaHy:agNak¾edayRtUvtamdanRkum

bBa©ÚlCaRbcaM edIm,Iman»kascat;EcgviFankar nigeFVIGnþraKmn_Tan;eBlevlaeBlmanbBaða.

-karpþl;cMNIkñúgeBlbMe)A ³ karpþl;cMNIeBlenaHmanbMNg³

-pþl;bEnßmnUvsarFatuciBa©wmdl;kUnkñúgdMNak;kalEdlemfycuHnUvTwkedaH.

-rMejackarbeBa©jrsrMlayGahar.

-kUnRCUksÁal;CabeNþIrnUvcMNIEdlmansmasFatuxusEbøkBITwkedaH .

NRC and OHAYO ¬1988¦ )ansMNUmBrfa KuNPaBrbs;cMNIsMrab;kUnkñúgeBlbMe)AedaHKW

RbUetGIun 24°/ lIsIun1/4°/ kal;süÚm0/9° nigpUsV½r 0/7° ehIyRbsinebIcMNIpSMenaHmanlay

emSATwkedaH KµanERkmRbEhl 20-30°enaHkUnRCUkrMlayGaharqab; niglUtlas;)anl¥ .

eyIgKb,Ibgðat;[kUnRCUksIuBIGayu7-10éf¶ edayrebobbMEbk[m:dænUvcMNIlayTwkykeTAlab

elI edaHemedIm,I[kUne)AedaHedayTaMgcMNIeTApg . eKeFVIEbbenHeRcIndgkñúgmYyéf¶rhUtdl;kUnRCUk

sÁal;cMNIEsVgrksIuedayxøÜnÉgeBleyIgdak;cMNI[sIukñúgsñÚk.cMNIsMrab;kUnRCUkCanic©kalRtUvman

lkçN³fµIRbsineRbIcMNIpSMRKab;RtUvcab;GarmµN¾elITMhMrbs;cMNIpSMRKab; . TMhMrbs;cMNIpSMRKab;KYr

eRbIvimaRt 2 /5 m>menaHval¥Cag cMNIpSMRKab;TMhM4-5 m>m .

3-5 ciBa©wmkUnpþac;edaH

RbsinebIkUn)ane)ATwkedaHdMbUgBIemenaHvaGacTb;)annUvCm¶WmYycMnYn nigeKGacpþac;edaHkUn)an

mincMeBaHeBlNaeT[EtkUnmanlkçN³srIr³l¥ mansarFatuciBa©wmRKb;RKan; brIdæaners;enAmanPaB

smRsb>>>. tamBiteTAeKmanbMrammin[GñkciBa©wmpþac;edaHkUnrh½seBkeT ¬mun3s)þah¾¦eRBaHkar

pþac;edaHEbbenHkUngayCYbvibtþi Stress y:agF¶n;F¶r ¬q¶ayem minGace)AeTot)an>>>¦ ehIykñúgRTug


77

RtUvman]bkrN¾ RKb;RKan;sMrab;pþac;edaH.TnÞwmenHemRCUkmYycMnYnFMeBlpþac;edaHmun3s)þah¾ enaHnwg

edayeQµalyWt eRBaHkñúgsarBagÁkayemenAman\TæiBlrbs;Grm:UnbeB©ajTwkedaH Prolactin raraMg

kar beBa©jGrm:UnePT FSH nig LH ehIyCamYyKñaenHs,Únrbs;emminTan;CasHes,IypgEdr.

Gayu b¤ Tm¶n;pþac;edaHnigsmtßPaBlUtlas;rbs;RCUkKWGaRs½y nwgmrtkBUC karEfTaM nig

mCÄdæanciBa©wm . rbbcMNI nigCm¶W CaktþaEdlman\TæiBldl;karlUtlas;rbs;kUnRCUkpþac;edaH.

karpþac;edaHrh½seBk ehIyTm¶n;pþac;edaHTabeBkvaTamTar[GñkciBa©wmcMNayTun ]bkrN¾

eRcIn cMNIGaharl¥ nigkarEfTaMditdl;>>>eTIbFana)anKarlUtlas;l¥.

bc©úb,nñenH enARbeTsevotNameKniympþac;edaHkUnRCUk enAeBlEdlvamanGayuRbmaNCa

25-30 éf¶ ehIykarciBa©wmtamlkçN³RKYsareKpþac;edaHenAGayu30-50éf¶EdlkñúgeBlenaHenA

bNþa RbeTsepSgeTotelIBiPBelakeRbIry³eBlEt 18-21éf¶.

karpþac;edaHmun18éf¶enaHvaKµanpþl;RbeyaCn¾GVIdl;karbgákMeNItrbs;emeLIyb:uEnþebIpþac;edaH

eRkayGayu4-5s)þah¾ vanwgeFVI[mankarfycuHnUvcMnYnsarénkarsMralrbs;emkñúgmYyqñaM².

tamFmµtaTm¶n;kUnRCUkEdlRtuvpþac;edaHRtUvmanTm¶n;ehacNas;k¾5KILÚRkameLigeTAEdreTIb

kUn RCUkmankarlUtlas;l¥CaRbcaM.

3-5-1 karRKb;RKg nigEfTaM

karpþac;edaHCadMNak;kalmYyKYr[RBYy)armÖ¬vibtþi¦sMrab;kUnRCUkeRBaHvaEtgCYbnUvkrNI

Stress dUecñHebIkUnpþac;edaHenAGayu 28éf¶vaRtuUvqøgkat;BIrdMNak;kalvibtþi¬karfycuHnUvTwkedaHem

nigkarpþac; edaH¦ehIyCamYyKñaenHEdrktþaEdlbgáCa Stress KWmCÄdæanrs;enA ¬KµanemeTot

rs;enACamYyRCUk cEmøkeRkAhVÚgxøÜn¦ nigcMNIGahareBlpþac;edaH.

RTugciBa©wmRtUvmanPaBTUlaynigs¥at)at GakasFatusmRsb>>>. GakasFatuRtCak;eFVI[kUn

RCUkEdlpþac;edaHqab;eBkenaHmanbNþal[kUnRCUkmanbBaða eRBaHeBlenaHkUnRCUkvaminTan;eRbIR)as;

cMNIGahar)anl¥ehIysarBagÁkaykUnRCUkminTan;manfamBlsþúkRKb;RKan;.GakasFatusmRsb

sMrab;kUnRCUkpþac;edaHKWGaRs½ytamTm¶n;eBlpþac;edaH kRmitbgçaMg el,Ónxül;kñúgRTug¬0>1m¼vinaTi¦

nig sMeNIm¬60-70°¦.


78

PaBkMRBaem b¤karbgçaMgCamYyRkumepSgenaH vaCamUlehtubNþal[kUnRCUk Stress eRBaH

vanwg RbxaMKñakñúghVÚg. viFIsaRsþedIm,Ikat;bnßyeRsþsKWrkSakUnRCUk[enAkñúgRTugsMral 3-7éf¶sin

ehIypøas; emeTARTugepSgedIm,I[kUnePøcemCabeNþIr² bnÞab;mkswumykkUnTaMgenaHeTARTugkUn

pþac;edaH.

mansßanIy¾xøH)aneFVIRTugsMralCab;CamYyRTugkMedAEtmþg kareFVIEbbenHedIm,I[kUngayecj

cUl)an.krNIEbbenHvagaykñúgkarbBa©ÚlRkumNas;. dUecñHeyIgGacbBa©ÚlvaCaRkum)angay RsYl

eBlpþac;edaH.kareRbI»sfRbePT Stresnil (azaperone) Gackat;bnßykarxaMKñakñúgeBl bBa©ÚlCa

RkumeRBaHva RbBnæ½RbsaTrbs;vamansPaBs¶b;s¶at;. vaCaRbePT»sfcak;EdlRtUvcak;nwgKYr EteRbI

R)as;[RtwmRtUvtamkRmitb¤Tm¶n;. karbBa©ÚlCaRkumenHRtUvdak;cMnYn20k,alkñúgmYy RTugeRBaH

edIm,Ikat;bnßykar cMNayTuneRcInehIyk¾vaKµan\TæiBlGaRkk;dl;karlUtlas;eLIy.kUnRCUkEdl

GacbBa©ÚlCaRkumCamYy Kña)anKWmanGayuminxusKñakñúgrvag2s)þah¾eLIy.

karpøas;bþÚrcMNIBITwkedaHemmkCacMNipSMvijenaHeFVI[kUnRCUkEdlpþac;edaHenaHminsUvsIucMNIenaH

kñúgrgVg;710éf¶.dUecñHcaM)ac;eyIgRtUvGnuvtþn¾vIFIsaRsþbegáInkRmitrMlayGaharnigrMejaclkçN³q¶aj;

mat;EdlCYykat;bnßynUv Stress GaRs½yedaybMErbMrUlcMNI dUcCalayEfmemSATWkedaHeKacUl

kñúgcMNI pSMcMnYn10-15° b¤GasIutsrIragÁ b¤sarFatuNaEdlmankøinRbehIr b¤Ep¥m>>>eday [vasIu

eRcIndgkñúg mYyéf¶.

3-5-2 sarFatuciBa©wm

tRmUvkarsarFatuciBa©wménkUnRCUkpþac;edaHKWGaRs½yedayTm¶n;eBlpþac;edaH nig smtßPaBlUt

las;rbs;va. mitþGñkGanGaceFVikarRsavtRmUkarsarFatuciBaw©mrbs;kUnRCUkpac;edaHenA EpñkcMNI

.tam FmµtalkçN³gayrlayrbs;GaharCaktþasMxan;kñúgKuNPaBGahar eRBaHsmasPaBGahar

RtUvsm RsbCamYysmtßPaBrMlayGaharrbs;kUnRCUkpþac;edaHpgEdr.

tamry³karRsavRCavknøgmk¬ Ngoc Tuan and Thi Dan 1999 ¦ RbUetGIunrbs;sENþk

esogkñúgcMNipSMGaceFVI[kUnRCUkrakkñúg dMNak;kaleRkaypþac;edaHGaRs½yedaykarmanRbtikmµ.

kñúgdMNak;enAe)AkUnRCUkmin)ansIueRcInnUvcMNIpSMEdlmansENþkesog.eBlpþac;edaHkUnRCUksIucMNI


79

eRcIn ehIyRbsinebIcMNIenAEtmansENþkesogenaHsarBagÁkaynwgmanRbtikmµCamYyRbUetGIun

sENþkesog nigbgáCakarrakcMeBaHkUnRCUkpþac;edaH. edIm,IecosvagRbtikmµenHeyIgKb,IlayCamYy

emSATwkedaHeKa kñúgcMNIpSMedIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarRbUetGIun niglIsIun .

ukarbEnßmnUvsarFatmYycMnYnGacmanRbeyaCn¾dl;kUnRCUk Etvak¾GaRs½yedaysmasFatu

TaMg enaHEdr.karbMeBjbEnßm nUvsarFatuxøaj;¬2-5°¦ sarFatubegáinkøinQ¶úy¬0>005°¦

GasIutsrIragÁ ¬1-2°¦ b¤Gg;sIumrMlayGahar. cMeBaHsmasFatucMNiEdlpÞúkedayRbUetGIun

rukçCatienaH GasIut srIragÁCYybegáInlTæPaBeRbIR)as;cMNI 4-5°.

karbEnßmGg;TIb‘Íy:UTIckèúgcMNICaviFIsaRsþmYykat;bnßyGRtarakbegàInTm¶n;)an10-20°

nigkat;bnßysnÞsSn¾eRbIR)as;cMNI)an 5-10°.

karbEnßmTg;Edgsulpatk¾man\TãiBlRbhak;RbEhl b:uEnþl¥bMputKWkarlayGg;TIb‘Íy:uUTIc

CamYyTg;Edgsulpat.

3-5->3 bBaðasarFatuciBa©wmEdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYysßanPaBrak

kñúgrgVg;2GaTitübnÞab;BIpþac;edaH kUnRCUkEtgsIuticeRBaHmankarERbRbYlcMNI ehIykarrIkcMerIn

kñúgdMNak;kalenHk¾mansPaBywty:avEdr edayBBYk)ak;etrIEdlbgáCm¶WkµúgeBaHevonmankarlUtlas;

xøaMgrhUteFVI[stVmanCm¶WrakEtmþg. dUecñHGñkciBa©wmRtUveFVIkarEfTaM[)anhµt;ct;nigGnuvtþ viFIsaRsþ

pþl;cMNIy:agNaedIm,Ikat;bnßybBaðaxagelIeblEdlvamanGayu2s)þah¾eRkayeBlpþac;edaH.

xageRkam enHCaviFIsaRsþBiesaFn¾k¾dUcCakarENnaMsMrab;bBaðaxagelI³

-begáInCatisréskñúgcMNIedayrlayemSAesµAGal;hVahVa10°b¤RsUv25°.

bNþasmasFatuénCatisrésEdlbénßmcUlenHminbgáCabBaðaedayrMejaceBaHevonkUnRCUkb:unµaneT

b:uEnþvaEbrCaman\TæiBlRsUbyk)anrseBaHevonedIm,ICMrujCatiBul nig)ak;etrImkeRkA ehtuenHvaeFVI[

kUnRCUkminmanbBaðaBIkarrak.

-bnßyCatiRbUetGuIn¬dul¦BIkñúgcMMNI[enARtwm16°)anehIy.

enHCaviFIsaRsþEdlGñkciBa©wmenA OHAYO énshrdæGaemrikniymeRbIR)as; eRBaHkUnRCUkGayu

2s)þah¾sIucMNIEdlmanRbUetGIunTabmin man\TæiBlGaRkk;plénkareRbIR)as;cMNIeLIy.


80

-laycMNICamYyGg;Tib‘Íy:UTic.

-mineFVIkarERbRbYlcMNIeLIy b:uEnþRtUvbnßyTm¶n;cMNIenAéf¶dMbUgehIybnÞab;mkbegáIncMNICa

beNþIr²rhUtdl;kRmitGtibrma¬sIuesrI¦ehIyviFIenHRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;enARbeTsevotNam nig

GURsþalI Kb,IbnþkarpþlcMNI;Edlbgðat;[sIu¬cMNIhµt;¦kñúgrgVg;10-14éf¶eRkayeBlpþac;edaHbnÞab;

mkeTibbþÚr snSwm²nuvcMNIRKab;¬cMNIpþac;edaH¦. eRkayeBlpþac;edaHRtUvpþl;cMNIFmµtaral;éf¶kñúg

kRmit200-250RkamkñúgmYyéf¶enAs)þah¾dMbUgeRkayeBlpþac;edaH nig350-400Rkam

enAs)þah¾TI2ehIykar pþl; enHRtUvedayrebobeRcIndgkñúgmYyéf¶¬3-4dg¼éf¶¦. karpþl;cMNI Ebb

enHKWCYyTb;sáat;)annUvbBaða EdlekItelIpøUvrMlayGaharEdlbgáeday StresseRkayeBlpþac;edaH.

manGñkciBa©wmCaeRcInTijkUnRCukpþac;edaHtamkEnøgedayELk²BIKña ehtuenHKat;EtgCYbRbTH

esÞIrRKb;KñanUvbBða Stress eRBaHEtbBaðadwknaMq¶ay karbBa©ÚlRkumCamYyKñaEdlBImunminEmn

CaRkumCamYyKña karpøas;bþÚrcMNInigRTugPøam²>>>ehIykUnRCUkb:HBal;CamYynwgBBYkmIRkubbgáCaCm¶Wkñúg

mCÄdæanfµI b¤edayvaminTan;mansuxPaBl¥eLIgvij ehtuenHkUnRCUkgayTTYlrgnUvCm¶WnigRskTm¶n;.

RCUkEdlTijBImCÄdæanxus²KñaEtgbNþal[xatbg;eBlevlaedIm,IciBa©wm eBalKWxateBl

RbmaNCa2>5-3s)aþh¾edIm,IedIm,Ilk;yksac;.

]-ebIeKciBa©wm16s)þah¾)anlk;enaHeyIgRtUvciBa©wm16s)þah¾2>5s)aþh¾b¤16s)þah¾3s)aþh¾

eTIb)anesµIeK.

karbBa©ÚlCaRkum[rs;enACamYyKñaRtUvEp¥kelITm¶n;EdleTaHCay:agNak¾minxusRtUvKñaticCag

b¤elIs 10-15°eLIyehIykñúgmYyRkumminelIsBI20k,aleLIy.

Kb,Icak;fñaMkarBar (Vaccine) eBlEdlvamansuxPaBl¥¬sIu pwkFmµta¦b¤mankarlUtlas;l¥

¬ehacNas;k¾3-4 s)þah¾eRkayeBlpþac;edaH¦.

taragkMeNInTm¶n;RbcaMéf¶rbs;kUnRCukpþac;edaHkñúgcenøaH6-20KRk

bTdæan bgÁÜr l¥ l¥Nas;

kMeNInTm¶n;mFüm¬Rk¼k,al¼éf¶¦

Tm¶n;cMNImFüm¬ Rk¼k,al¼éf¶¦

340

705

455

770

545

770


81

4-karciBa©wmRCUkCMeTIr nigRCUksac ;

esckþIRtUvkarénGñkeRbIR)as;sac;RCUkbgçMcitþ[GñkciBa©wmBUCRCUkRbwgERbgplitBUCRCUkpþl;sac;

Rkhm[eK.RCUkEdlmansac;RkhmeRcInKWCaRCUkEdlmankMeNInTm¶n;sac;RkhmRbmaNCa

340Rkam kñúgmYyéf¶edaykarlUtlas;enHsßitenAcenøaHTm¶n;BI18-110K>Rk .

eKalbMNgénkarciBa©wmRCUkCMeTIr nigRCUksac; KWplitecjnUvTInñplkñugry³eBlmYyd¾xøI man

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82

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83

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xül; ecjcUll¥nigcak;fñaMbgáar.

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cMNICaviFIsaRsþkat;bnßykarraldalnigqøgénCm¶WpøÚvdegðImEdlEtgCYbRbTHelIRCUkeBjv½ynigsac;.

Documents

DVM, MSc esckþIepþIm 1-Rbvtþi · 2019-10-07 · DVM, MSc Giut- ma:Ny plitkmµRCUk 4 tarag BinÞúénkarlUtlas;RbcaMéf¶ ¬ Average Daily Gain ¦ Gayu ¬Ex¦ BinÞú 100 95 90