DVRPC Energy Use Greenhouse Gas Summary 2010

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Table of Contents

Execut ive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

What Is an Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory? ........................................................................................................................... 3

Why Inventory Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions? ...................................................................................................................................... 3

DVRPC’s Region al Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emiss ions In ven tory ................................................................................................................ 4

Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Greater Philadelphia ......................................................................................................................... 5

Land Use, Energy Use, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Municipalities ................................................................................................................. 9

Where Have We Been? Where Are We Going? .............................................................................................................................................................. 16

Conc lus ion: Reduc ing Energy Use and Greenho use Gas Emissions in Greater Philadelphia ................................................................................ 18

Methods and Sources ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19











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DVRPC’s Regional Energy Use and

Greenhouse Gas Emissions InventoryDVRPC’s 2010 Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions inGreater Philadelphia tracks energy use and GHG emissions in threemajor use and emissions categories and twelve major sectors. Theseuse and emissions categories are:

• Stationary energy use: use of energy in buildings and otherstationary applications;

• Mobile energy use: use of energy for propulsion of vehiclesand other mobile applications; and

• Other emissions/sequestration sources (not energy userelated).

The sectors within each of these categories are shown to the right.These categories and sectors are similar to those used in the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency’s Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas

Emissions and Sinks .

DVRPC’s inventory estimates emissions of the three majorgreenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and nitrousoxide (N 2O), as well as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons(PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6). DVRPC uses a blend of “top-down” data (e.g., state fuel consumption estimates), “bottom-up” data(e.g., local consumption data from utilities), and modeling (e.g.,

DVRPC’s regional travel model) to develop estimates of energy useand GHG emissions. The mix of data and other inputs used in thisinventory was dictated by availability, existing protocols, and resourcelimitations. DVRPC’s inventory methods and sources are described indetail in 2010 Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in GreaterPhiladelphia: Methods and Sources .

GHG Emissions—Categories and SectorsStationary Energy Use

• Commercial and Industrial

• Residential

Mobile Energy Use

• On-road Motor Vehicles

• Rail

• Aviation

• Marine and Port-related

• Off-road Motorized Vehicles and Equipment

Other Emissio ns/Sequestration Sources (not energy userelated)

• Fuel Refining, Transmission, and Distribution

• Industrial Processes

• Waste Management

• Agriculture

• Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry






Of the 83 MMTCO 2e of GHG emissions, about 90 percent wereassociated with energy use, comprising stationary energy use by the

residential, commercial, and industrial sectors and mobile energy useby the transportation sectors (see Figure 2). Fugitive and processemissions from fuel systems (i.e., leaks from natural gas transmissionand distribution infrastructure and leaks and evaporation from

petroleum refining) accounted for 5.2 percent of total emissions.Industrial processes and waste management each accounted for an

additional 2.6 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. Agriculturalprocesses accounted for less than one percent of total emissions. Netsequestration due to land use and forestry reduced overall emissionsby about two percent.

Figure 2: Greater Philadelphia’s 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions (MMTCO 2e)

Source: DVRPC 2014

29.9

26.1

18.5

4.3

2.21.6

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-1.9

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

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30.0

35.0

Stationary Energy Consumption:Commercial & Industrial

Mobile Energy Consumption

Stationary Energy Consumption:ResidentialFuel Refining, Transmission, andDistribution

Industrial Processes

Waste Management

Agriculture

Land Use / Forestry



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Activity in Philadelphia used the most energy, with 293 trillion BTUs(see Figure 3). Activity in Gloucester County used the least energy,

with 86 trillion BTUs. However, Philadelphia had the lowest energy useper capita with 130 million BTUs used per person/job, 8 whileGloucester County had the highest energy use per capita at 212 millionBTUs per person/job (see Figure 4). Higher per capita energy use inGloucester County results, in part, from substantial energy use by thecounty’s commercial and industrial sector and a residential populationthat is lower than other counties in the region. Diffuse development oflarger homes, resulting in longer commutes and more driving, alsoplays a role.

Figure 3: 2010 Energy Use by County (Trillion BTUs)

Source: DVRPC 2014

8 DVRPC combines population and jobs to serve as the basis for a modifiedper capita calculation that reflects the energy demands of both households andbusinesses.

Figure 4: 2010 Energy Use per Capita (Million BTUs perPerson/Job)

Source: DVRPC 2014

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Activity in Philadelphia resulted in the highest GHG emissions, 9 with19.0 MMTCO 2e (see Figure 5). 10 Activity in Gloucester and Mercer

Counties resulted in the lowest emissions, with 5.38 MMTCO 2e each.Camden County had the lowest emissions per capita, with 8.2 metrictons of CO 2e per person/job, while Gloucester County had the highestemissions per capita, with 14.0 metric tons of CO 2e per person/job(see Figure 6). Again, higher per capita GHG emissions in Gloucester

Figure 5: 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by County

(MMTCO 2e)

Source: DVRPC 2014

9 In this section, emissions reported take into account carbon sequestered(stored) in urban and forest trees.10 In Greenworks: 2014 Progress Report , the City of Philadelphia estimatesthat activity in the city resulted in the emission of 21.33 tons of CO2e in 2010.Differing estimation methods and data availability contribute to this difference.DVRPC uses methods that can be replicated with data available across theregion, whereas the City of Philadelphia, in some cases, uses methods anddata that are available only in the city.

County result in part from substantial energy use by the county’scommercial and industrial sector and emissions resulting from that use,

but it is further increased by industrial process and fugitive (non-energy) emissions from petroleum refining facilities located in thecounty. Diffuse development again also plays a role.

Figure 6: 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita(MTCO

2e per Person/Job)

Source: DVRPC 2014

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Figure 8: 2010 Energy Use per Acre by Municipality (BBTUs)

Source: DVRPC 2014



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Figure 9: 2010 Energy Use per Population + Employment by Municipality (BBTUs)

Source: DVRPC 2014




Figure 10: 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Acre by Municipality (MTCO 2e)

Source: DVRPC 2014




Figure 11: 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Population + Employment by Municipality (MTCO 2e)

Source: DVRPC 2014




Figure 12: 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sequestration Including Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry per Acre byMunicipality (MTCO 2e)

Source: DVRPC 2014




Figure 13: 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sequestration Including Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry per Population +Employment by Municipality (MTCO2e)

Source: DVRPC 2014




Where Have We Been?Where Are We Going?Connections 2040: Plan for Greater Philadelphia sets a target ofreducing regional GHG emissions to 50 percent below their 2005levels by the year 2035 and calls for a 60 percent drop by 2040 inorder to achieve an 80 percent reduction by 2050. DVRPC estimatesthat net emissions decreased by about 13 percent, from 93 MMTCO 2eto 81 MMTCO 2e, between 2005 and 2010 (see Table 2). This overalldecrease reflects decreases in all major use sectors, with the largestdecreases in GHG emissions associated with stationary energy use bythe residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.

Table 2: Regional Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2005 and2010 (MMTCO 2e)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions(MMTCO 2e)

2005 2010

Stationary Energy Use:Commercial and Industrial 33.6 29.9

Mobile Energy Use 27.3 26.1Stationary Energy Use:Residential 21.2 18.5

Fuel Refining, Transmissio n,

and Distribution 6.5 4.3

Industrial Processes 3.2 2.2Waste Management 2.2 1.6

Agricu lture 0.5 0.4Total Emissions (Gross) 94.5 83.0

Land Use, Land Use Change,and Forestry -1.3 -1.9

Total Emissions (Net) 93.2 81.1Source: DVRPC 2014

Regional energy use decreased approximately four percent, from1,340 trillion BTUs to 1,290 trillion BTUs (see Table 3). Energy use

decreased by five percent in the residential sector and almost 11percent in the mobile use category, while increasing by over onepercent in the combined commercial and industrial sector. Whileoverall energy use decreased, overall electricity demand increased byabout one percent (569 gigawatt hours) (see Table 4).

Commercial and indu strial sector: GHG emissions resulting fromstationary energy use by the combined commercial and industrial

sector decreased by 11 percent (3.7 MMTCO2e). GHG emissionsassociated with direct fossil fuel consumption decreased by

Table 3: Regional Energy Use in 2005 and 2010 (Trillion BTUs)

Energy Use (Trillion BTUs)

2005 2010

Commercial and

Industrial 573 582

Residential 384 363Mobile 384 342Total Energy Use 1,340 1,290

Source: DVRPC 2014 (items do not add to totals due to rounding)

Table 4 : Regional Electricity Use in 2005 and 2010 (GigawattHours)

Electricity Use (Gigawatt Hours)

2005 2010

Commercial andIndustrial 34,276 34,330

Residential 20,081 20,601 Mobile 552 548 Total Electricity Use 54,910 55,479

Source: DVRPC 2014 (items do not add to totals due to rounding)












2010 Energy Use and Greenhouse GasEmissions in Greater PhiladelphiaSummary

Publication Number: 13040

Date Published: September 2014

Geographic Area Covered:

Nine-County Greater Philadelphia region, comprised of Bucks,Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties inPennsylvania, and Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Mercercounties in New Jersey.

Key Words:

Energy, Greenhouse Gas, Emissions, Climate Change, Inventory

Abstrac t:In this regional energy use and greenhouse gas emissioninventory, DVRPC estimates energy use and greenhouse gasemissions in the nine-county Greater Philadelphia region in 2010.This inventory is the first since DVRPC’s initial inventory of 2005greenhouse gas emissions. 2010 Energy Use and GreenhouseGas Emissions in Greater Philadelphia: Summary describes thescope and findings of the inventory of 2010 energy use and

greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to this summary, moreinformation can be found at:www.dvrpc.org/EnergyClimate/Inventory.htm.

Staff Contact:

Shawn Megill LegendreResearch Analyst(215) [email protected]

190 N. Independence Mall West, 8th FloorPhiladelphia, PA 19106-1520Phone: (215) 592-1800Fax: (215) 592-9125

www.dvrpc.org



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DVRPC Energy Use Greenhouse Gas Summary 2010