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Office of Operations
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE
Washington, DC 20590
Dynamic Part-Time Shoulder Use Triggers
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Committee on Transportation System Operations
Atlanta, GA
August 27, 2018
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What is Part-Time Shoulder Use?
What is Part-Time Shoulder Use?
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• Various names
– Shoulder running
– Hard shoulder running
– Temporary shoulder use
– Part-time shoulder use
• Same meaning: use of the left or right shoulders of an existing roadway for travel during certain hours of the day.
– Transportation Systems Management and Operations (TSMO) strategy for addressing congestion and reliability issues
– Preserves shoulder as shoulder during most hours of day
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What is Part-Time Shoulder Use? (continued)
• It adds capacity only when needed
• It keeps the shoulder intact for most hours of the day
• Do what is physically and financially possible
– Support decisions with analysis
• A decision to use the shoulder part-time may defer major and costly widening.
Source: Minnesota Department of Transportation
Source: Pace Bus
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Types of Part-Time Shoulder Use
• Bus-on-Shoulder (BOS) – open only to buses, usually at driver’s discretion
• Static part-time shoulder use – open to passenger vehicles during predetermined hours of operation
• Dynamic part-time shoulder use – open to passenger vehicles based on need and real-time conditions
Shoulder use typically implemented on freeways; but can be applied to arterials
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Bus On Shoulder (BOS) in Minneapolis-St. Paul
Source: Metro Transit
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Left-Shoulder Bus on Shoulder (BOS) in Chicago
Source: Pace Bus
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Bus on Shoulder (BOS) on US 9 Arterial in New Jersey
Source: TCRP Report 151
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Static Shoulder Use – US 2 in Washington State
Source: Google Maps
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Static Shoulder Use – I-66 in Virginia (Made Dynamic in 2015)
Dynamic signs over shoulder; but fixed hours of operation.
Source: Virginia Department of Transportation
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Dynamic Shoulder Use – I-66 in Virginia
Source: Virginia Department of Transportation
Source: Virginia Department of Transportation
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Shoulder Use on I-70 Mountain Corridor, Colorado
Source: Colorado Department of Transportation
Source: Colorado Department of Transportation
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Dynamic Shoulder Use – I-35W in Minneapolis
Source: Minnesota Department of Transportation
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Where is Part-Time Shoulder Use?
There are many international applications as well.
Source: Kittelson & Associates, Inc.
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2016 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Guide
• There is a new resource to assist State DOT’s considering part time shoulder use.
• It is a guide, not a standard, directive or policy.
• Comprehensive– Limited information on
operations: when to open and close shoulder
http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop15023/index.htm
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Current Research: “Triggers” for Dynamic Shoulder Use
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Project Objectives
• Guide agencies to implement Dynamic Part-Time Shoulder Use (D-PTSU)
• Prepare internal FHWA white paper synthesizing current practices (complete)
– Domestic and International
• Prepare document with “Triggers” for D-PTSU
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Potential Triggers
• Existing and future traffic performance metrics (e.g. speed, volume, occupancy)
• Air quality and noise impacts and potential benefits
• Facility characteristics, including upstream/ downstream (lane drops, ramps, etc.)
• Typical daily traffic patterns/ composition
• Noise and air quality impacts and the timing of peak noise levels versus when the shoulder might be open to traffic
• Public acceptance, traveler expectations, and avoiding confusion with frequent opening and closing patterns
• Maintenance considerations
• Incident and emergency response scenarios
• Enforcement considerations
• Left vs. right shoulder considerations
• Availability of Advanced Traffic Management (ATM)/Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)
• Safety considerations and the importance of returning a shoulder use lane back to a traditional shoulder when not needed as a traffic management strategy
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Concept of Operational-Based Trigger
Uncongested Conditions
Predict Breakdown
Open Shoulder*
Prevent Congestion
Historical Data
Predictive Models
Best Practices
Facility-specific needs
* Assuming there are no issues with maintenance, law enforcement, environmental conditions, etc.
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Levels of D-PTSU
• Low level – D-PTSU with core hours of operation and planned deviations scheduled in advance, such as opening on a weekend, special events, etc.
• Medium level(s)
• High level – D-PTSU purely in response to roadway and traffic conditions
• Increasing real-time responsiveness to traffic
• Increasing agency capabilities/maturity
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Conceptual Application of Speed-Based Trigger
• Low-level D-PTSU: Use historical data
• High-level D-PTSU: Use real-time data
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Process to Determine Triggers
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Initial Outline of Project Report
• Chapter 1: Introduction and Dynamic Shoulder Use Installation Summary.
• Chapter 2: Decision Support Framework for Dynamic Shoulder Use.
• Chapter 3: Considerations for Opening the Shoulder.
• Chapter 4: Considerations for Closing the Shoulder.
• Chapter 5: Maintenance, Incident and Emergency Response, and Other Considerations.
• Appendix A: Fact Sheets for Dynamic Shoulder Installations Worldwide.
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Project Timeline
• Technical work completed by end of 2018
• Webinar in April 2019
• Publication in mid-2019
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QUESTIONS?
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Contact Information
• Jim Hunt [email protected]
• Greg Jones [email protected]
• Pete Jenior [email protected]
• David Hale [email protected]
