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Dynamics of the Rio Paraná: measuring the present, interpreting the ancient and helping understand the future Background The World’s ten largest rivers comprise 17% of the global continental drainage area and deliver approximately 33% of all sediment transported to the oceans. However, despite the global importance of big rivers, our present knowledge of their morphology, flow, deposits and evolution is surprisingly deficient. Our study of the Rio Paraná aims to help address this gap in knowledge, and inform the global debate on the nature and future management of the World’s big rivers. The Rio Paraná is the 6 th largest river in the world. Receiving water and sediment from the Brazilian Shield and the mighty Andes, the Rio Paraná generates a wide variety of landform shapes, creating a multi-channel or ‘braided’ river, with adjacent floodplain wetlands, that host one of the most diverse ecosystems on the surface of the planet. The Rio Paraná transports huge quantities of sediment, much originating from the Rio Bermejo, to the La Plata Estuary. Throughout its history, the dynamic Rio Paraná has shifted in its position, responding to both changing climate and tectonic land movements. In order to understand better how the Rio Paraná will change in the future, it is thus essential to monitor its present form and processes and search back into the recent geological past to examine how the river has evolved. Records from the present and past can then be combined with new numerical models to make predictions about the future of this mighty waterway. International Collaboration Our experienced team has worked together on the Rio Paraná since 2001, and we believe it is only through such professional and friendly international collaboration that we can tackle such an ambitious and exciting project in one of the World’s largest rivers. Our new project runs for three years from January 2008 and brings together nine different institutions from Argentina, UK and USA. Objectives The overall objective of the project is to produce an improved quantitative understanding of the interactions between flow, sediment transport, morphology, erosion and deposition in the Rio Paraná. Specifically, the project will address three main themes: (1) what controls water and sediment movement at different flood stages?; (2) what is the changing form of the river channel and how is this controlled by, or interacts with, the water flow?, and, 3) how can this knowledge be used to understand and interpret the formation and preservation of the deposits of such large rivers? Tackling these questions will permit us to study the activity of the present Rio Paraná, its past evolution over tens of thousands of years and provide input to understanding its future change and influence on the stability of this very special ecosystem. Methods and Outcomes In order to achieve these aims, our study will utilize the complementary approaches of state-of-the-art field study and numerical modelling. In particular we will use: i) multibeam echo sounding to measure the bed of the Rio Paraná and provide unprecedented detailed mapping of the river channel; ii) acoustic Doppler current profiling that enables accurate, rapid and complete mapping of the flow of water; iii) geophysical Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and resistivity surveys, allied with sedimentary coring and radiocarbon dating, to map the three-dimensional sedimentary structure of deposits, both within the current river and in abandoned floodplain areas; and, iv) numerical modelling of the river channels, using field data as input, that will seek to examine and model both short-term (month-years) and longer term (centuries to thousands of years) channel evolution. Dissemination We aim to present our results at a range of conferences, both within Argentina and internationally, publish our work in the best scientific journals and report our work in local and national papers. The project database will be made available at the end of the project: in this way, we hope to address both the significant research questions we have set, and provide a data source accessible to all that can aid future interdisciplinary studies of the Rio Paraná. Participating Institutions University of Birmingham, UK; University of Brighton, UK; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina; University of Durham, UK; University of Exeter, UK; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; University of Illinois, USA; Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; University of Leeds, UK. Visit our website at: www.brighton.ac.uk/parana Email: [email protected] (International Team Leader) or [email protected] (Argentinean Team Leader) Project funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council September 2008

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Page 1: Dynamics of the Rio Paraná - University of Brightonabout.brighton.ac.uk/parana/news/docs/Press release leaflet.pdfDynamics of the Rio Paraná: measuring the present, interpreting

 

Dynamics of the Rio Paraná: measuring the present, interpreting the ancient and

helping understand the future Background The World’s ten largest rivers comprise 17% of the global continental drainage area and deliver approximately 33% of all sediment transported to the oceans. However, despite the global importance of big rivers, our present knowledge of their morphology, flow, deposits and evolution is surprisingly deficient. Our study of the Rio Paraná aims to help address this gap in knowledge, and inform the global debate on the nature and future management of the World’s big rivers.

The Rio Paraná is the 6th largest river in the world. Receiving water and sediment from the Brazilian Shield and the mighty Andes, the Rio Paraná generates a wide variety of landform shapes, creating a multi-channel or ‘braided’ river, with adjacent floodplain wetlands, that host one of the most diverse ecosystems on the surface of the planet. The Rio Paraná transports huge quantities of sediment, much originating from the Rio Bermejo, to the La Plata Estuary. Throughout its history, the dynamic Rio Paraná has shifted in its position, responding to both changing climate and tectonic land movements. In order to understand better how the Rio Paraná will change in the future, it is thus essential to

monitor its present form and processes and search back into the recent geological past to examine how the river has

evolved. Records from the present and

past can then be combined with new numerical models to make predictions about the future of this mighty waterway. International Collaboration Our experienced team has worked together on the Rio Paraná since 2001, and we believe it is only through such professional and friendly international collaboration that we can tackle such an ambitious and exciting project in one of the World’s largest rivers. Our new project runs for three years from January 2008 and brings together nine different institutions from Argentina, UK and USA. Objectives The overall objective of the project is to produce an improved quantitative understanding of the interactions between flow, sediment transport, morphology, erosion and deposition in the Rio Paraná. Specifically, the project will address three main themes: (1) what controls water and sediment movement at different flood stages?; (2) what is the changing form of the river channel and how is this controlled by, or interacts with, the water flow?, and, 3) how can this knowledge be used to understand and interpret the formation and preservation of the deposits of such large rivers? Tackling these questions will permit us to study the activity of the present Rio Paraná, its past evolution over tens of thousands of years and provide input to understanding its future change and influence on the stability of this very special ecosystem.

Methods and Outcomes In order to achieve these aims, our study will utilize the complementary approaches of state-of-the-art field study and numerical modelling. In particular we will use: i) multibeam echo sounding to measure the bed of the Rio Paraná and provide unprecedented detailed mapping of the river channel; ii) acoustic Doppler current profiling that enables accurate, rapid and complete mapping of the flow of water; iii) geophysical Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and resistivity surveys, allied with sedimentary coring and radiocarbon dating, to map the three-dimensional sedimentary structure of deposits, both within the current river and in abandoned floodplain areas; and, iv) numerical modelling of the river channels, using field data as input, that will seek to examine and model both short-term (month-years) and longer term (centuries to thousands of years) channel evolution. Dissemination

We aim to present our results at a range of conferences, both within Argentina and internationally, publish our work in the best scientific journals and report our work in local and national papers. The project database will be made available at the end of the project: in this way, we hope to address both the significant research questions we have set, and provide a data source accessible to all that can aid future interdisciplinary studies of the Rio Paraná. Participating Institutions University of Birmingham, UK; University of Brighton, UK; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina; University of Durham, UK; University of Exeter, UK; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; University of Illinois, USA; Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; University of Leeds, UK. Visit our website at: www.brighton.ac.uk/parana Email: [email protected] (International Team Leader) or [email protected] (Argentinean Team Leader) Project funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council September 2008

Page 2: Dynamics of the Rio Paraná - University of Brightonabout.brighton.ac.uk/parana/news/docs/Press release leaflet.pdfDynamics of the Rio Paraná: measuring the present, interpreting

 

Dinámica del río Paraná: midiendo el presente, interpretando el pasado y

ayudando a comprender el futuro Antecedentes Los 10 ríos más grandes del planeta cubren 17% del área de drenaje continental y acarrean cerca del 33% de todo el sedimento transportado a los océanos. A pesar de la importancia global de los grandes ríos, el conocimiento actual de su morfología, flujo, depósitos y evolución es sorprendentemente deficiente. Nuestro estudio del río Paraná pretende corregir este vacío de información y dar a conocer la naturaleza actual y posibilidades futuras en el manejo de grandes ríos.

El Paraná es el 6° río más grande del mundo. Con agua y sedimento del Escudo Brasileño y de la formidable cordillera de los Andes, genera una amplia variedad y tamaño de geoformas creando un curso multicanalizado o “entrelazado”, con extensos humedales en la planicie de inundación adyacente que aloja uno de los ecosistemas más diversos sobre la superficie del planeta. El Paraná transporta enormes cantidades de sedimento, en gran medida incorporados por el río Bermejo, al estuario del Río de la Plata. A través de su historia, el Paraná modificó su localización respondiendo tanto a cambios climáticos como a movimientos tectónicos. A fin de prever

posibles cambios del Paraná en el futuro, resulta esencial conocer sus formas y procesos actuales como también explorar el pasado geológico reciente para comprender su

evolución. Por ello, registros del presente y del pasado pueden ser combinados con nuevos modelos numéricos para realizar predicciones sobre el futuro de esta soberbia hidrovía. Colaboración internacional Nuestro experimentado equipo trabaja en conjunto desde 2001, y creemos que esto fue posible solo mediante una colaboración internacional basada en el rigor científico y la amistad, lo cual nos ha permitido afrontar este ambicioso y apasionante estudio. Nuestro proyecto actual comenzó en 2008 y tiene 3 años de duración, reuniendo nueve instituciones de Argentina, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos de América. Objetivos El objetivo general de este proyecto es producir y mejorar cuantitativamente el conocimiento de las interacciones entre flujo, transporte de sedimentos, morfología, erosión y sedimentación en el río Paraná. Específicamente el proyecto enfoca tres preguntas centrales: (1) qué controla el movimiento de agua y sedimento en diferentes estados hidrológicos?, (2) cuál es el cambio de forma del canal fluvial y cómo está controlado?, y, (3) cómo puede ser usado este conocimiento para interpretar la formación y preservación de los depósitos de estos grandes ríos? Responder a tales preguntas permitirá conocer la dinámica del Paraná actual, su evolución pasada a través de decenas de miles de años y aportar a la

comprensión de posibles cambios e influencias futuras sobre la estabilidad de este particular ecosistema. Métodos y expectativas Para alcanzar las metas propuestas utilizaremos estrategias complementarias en los estudios de campo y modelado numérico, en particular: i) ecosonda multihaz para registrar el lecho del río Paraná y generar mapas sin precedentes del fondo del canal; ii) perfilador de corriente acústico Doppler que reúne precisión, rapidez y registro completo del flujo de agua; iii) radar geofísico de penetración terrestre (GPR) y registro de resistividad combinado con testigos de subsuelo y datación radiocarbónica para mapear la estructura tridimensional de los depósitos sedimentarios, tanto en el río actual como en áreas aluviales abandonadas; y, iv) modelado numérico de los canales fluviales usando los datos tomados en el campo para examinar y modelar la evolución del canal actual tanto a corto plazo (meses/años) como en plazos más largos (cientos o miles de años).

Diseminación Pretendemos presentar nuestro trabajo en conferencias ofrecidas dentro y fuera de Argentina, publicar nuestra contribución en las mejores revistas científicas e informar los resultados a los medios de comunicación local y nacional. La base de datos del proyecto estará disponible al final del mismo, esperando satisfacer tanto los objetivos científicos enunciados como proveer una fuente de datos accesible a todos y que pueda ayudar a futuros estudios interdisciplinarios del río Paraná. Instituciones participantes Universidad de Birmingham, UK; Universidad de Brighton, UK; Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina; Universidad de Durham, UK; Universidad de Exeter, UK; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Universidad de Illinois, USA; Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Universidad de Leeds, UK. Visite nuestro sitio web en: www.brighton.ac.uk/parana Email: [email protected] (Líder internacional del Proyecto) o [email protected] (Líder argentino del Proyecto) Proyecto financiado por UK Natural Environment Research Council

Septiembre de 2008