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Visit Eurocord 7-1-2010
Dyneema®, the world’s strongest fiber™
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The strongest fiber in the world
ü 15 times stronger than steel
ü Lighter than water
ü Extremely durable
So it can:
ü Stop bullets
ü Pull oil tankers
ü Help to sail around the world in 50 days
Dyneema®, the world’s strongest fiber™
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Applications with Dyneema®
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Applications with Dyneema®
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The basics
Dyneema is a fiber made from Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Normal Polyethylene, low orientation, low molecular weight, crystalinity < 60%
Dyneema®, very high molecular orientation and weigth, crystalinity approximately 95%
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Dyneema® Gel Spinning process
suspension UHMW-PE
continuous extrusion
metering pump
spinneret oven
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Some yarn basics How is Dyneema yarn build up? • Yarn consists our of multiple filaments. • The amount and diameter of the filaments determine the diameter of the yarn. • The diameter of filaments of Dyneema® grades is between 9 and 30 µm.
What does dtex mean? • Dtex is a measure for fiber weight (thickness) and is defined as dtex = gram / 10.000m • The dtex of Dyneema® fibers range between
– 55 dtex (=25x monofilaments of 2,2 dtex each) – 2640 dtex (=780x monofilaments of 2.2dtex each)
What is a yarn construction? • Multiple yarns can be combined into a construction - linear (like a rope) or 3D (like a
shape). • Variables: grade, dtex, textile process (braiding, weaving, knitting, …), stitch density, … • Various pre- and post treatment options have been developed by DSM Dyneema • Every specific construction has specific mechanical characteristics => opportunity to tailor! • EuroFibers helps to translate your mechanical needs into specific constructions.
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Microscopic view of a braid made of 16 yarns, each yarn consisting of about 100 filaments
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Typical properties of Dyneema®
Extremely strong
Soft as silk
High fatigue resistance
Low density
High abrasion resistance
High chemical resistance
Low melting point (~150°C)
Creeps under constant load
Cut and tear resistance
High pliability
Low coefficient of friction
Electrical insulator
Hydrophobic
Low elongation
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Conventional Fibers Vs. Performance Fibers
PES • Dacron®
• Diolen®
• Trevira®
• No brand name
HMPE • Dyneema®
• Spectra®
Aramid • Kevlar®
• Twaron®
• Technora®
• Nomex®
PA • Nylon®
• Enkalon®
• Perlon®
• No brand name
PBO • Zylon®
LCP • Vectran®
Conventional fibers
High performance fibers
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There is a big difference in tenacity of fibers…
* Tested according to ISO 2062 ** Literature value
Dyneema® Zylon®
Diolen®
Technora®
Steel* 25 Km 77 Km
227 Km
346 Km 349 Km
247 Km Twaron® 200 Km
Vectran®
Free breaking length
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…as well as in the elongation of materials
5X
Diolen®Twaron®
Technora® Zylon®Dyneema®Vectran®
12%
3,1%4,0%
3,3% 2,8%3,5%
Elongation at break* Synthetic fibers tested according to ISO 2062
** Literature value
Steel**
3,0%
* Literature value
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Dyneema® is the only floating fiber
Floats
Sinks
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Spec
ific
grav
ity*
g/cm
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* Literature values
Diolen ® (PES) Twaron ® (Aramid) Technora Vectran ® (LCP) Zylon ® (PBO) Dyneema ® (HMPE)
Steel
® (Aramid)
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Aging of pure fibers differs quite a bit
*Aged according to ASTM G–155
*Tested according to ISO 2062
% original strength retained after aging 336 hrs*
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Diolen ® (PES) Twaron ® (Aramid) Technora ® (Aramid)
Vectran ® (LCP) Zylon ® (PBO)
Dyneema ® (HMPE)
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Cut resistance
Polyethylene cables flatten when placed under tension. This property makes the fiber highly cut resistant.
Dyneema® filament stretched over the edge of a razorblade (SEM)
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Abrasion resistance
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10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
nr. o
f cyc
les
to b
reak
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
nr. o
f cyc
les
to b
reak
Test on emery paper @ 25 ° C*
*Tested at “ Staatliches Pruefamt fuer das Textilgewerbe ” M ü nchberg
Diolen ® (PES) Twaron ® (Aramid) Technora Vectran ® (LCP) Zylon ® (PBO) Dyneema ® (HMPE)
® (Aramid)
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Bending of an LCP filament
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Bending of an aramid filament
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Bending of a PBO filament
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Bending of a Dyneema® filament
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Comparison of fiber properties
Abrasion
Diolen ® (PES)
Twaron ® ( Aramid )
Technora ® ( Aramid )
Vectran ® (LCP)
Zylon ® (PBO)
Dyneema ® (HMPE) Properties
Tenacity ( cN/dTex )
Elongation (%)
Specific gravity (Kg/dm 3 )
Aging
7,6 19,6 22,3 24,2 33,9 34,2
1,38 1,39 1,39 1,41 1,56 0,97
Very good Very poor Very poor Good Poor Poor
12,3 3,1 4,0 3,3 2,8 3,4
Very good Very good Poor Poor Very poor Very poor
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Overview of titers and grades
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Contact
EuroFibers BV P.O.Box 599 6200 AN Maastricht The Netherlands [email protected] www.eurofibers.com +31 43 30 40 014