E-Books

Practical Approaches ForPreservation And Access

The Problem

• Web has had accidental negative impact on library collections

• Leasing access instead of owning collections• Ownership is building assets for university• Ownership important for long term

preservation and access

Libraries Moving To Electronic

• Save space• Better short term access

Serious long term collection consequences

Libraries Can Build Digital Collections

• Not just lease access, own materials– E- collections don’t take up floor space– E- collections inexpensive to store

• Cancel print and build and preserve local e-collections

The time is NOW

E-journals Were First

• Digital archiving was designed for e-journals• Because journals were online first

– HighWire Press, Stanford University, 1995

Now, E-books Are Taking Off

• The large majority of academic libraries provide e-books, and the average number of e-books available in academic libraries that do provide them was 33,830.

 – From: "The Growing Importance of E-books in

U.S. Library Collections”, Sept 2010http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/887020-264ebook_summit_kicks_off_with.html.csp

Debates Have Begun

• Are there alternatives to the “big deal” for buying e-books?

• Should libraries loan e-book readers?• How will scholars use e-books?

Preservation?

• But questions of preservation are just being raised.

• Is it just like e-journal archiving?• What’s different? What’s the same?

What Are The Goals Of Preservation?

• A lofty goal: preserve record of scholarship– Part of the mission of all research libraries to the world– A responsibility shared by the whole community– Thinking hundred’s of years ahead

• A practical goal: keep your access– Part of the mission of your library to your university– A responsibility within your library– Thinking ten’s of years ahead

• Both goals must be served

What’s Different? What’s The Same?

• What publishers need from archiving• What libraries need from archiving• Archiving terms and rights• Archiving technology• Archiving costs

What Publishers Need From Archiving

• The same for e-books and e-journals: – Trustworthy technology, proven over time– International Approach– Content distributed around the world – Affordable for both librarians and for publishers

What Libraries Need From Archiving

• Same things as the publishers, and…• Ownership versus licensing

– To have the e-books in their hands– Acquire assets for their institution– Not pay perpetually for perpetual access– Keep open access materials free forever

Archiving Terms And Rights

• Different for e-books and e-journals: – Author reversion clause

• Publishing rights revert from the publisher to the author• Author has the right to withdraw book from archive• Expected to be rare, time will tell

Archiving Technology

• The same for e-books and e-journals: – Preservation technology is determined by

publication technology– Publisher have consolidated e-book and e-journal

publishing– One database, same formats. – More efficient for publishers, preservation, readers

Archiving Costs

• The same for e-books and e-journals– Good news!– Archive many e-books for a very low fee

What We’ve Learned

A responsible preservation approach– Keeps fees low– Supports libraries as “memory organizations”– Preserves the original– Separates payment from content access

• Libraries should not pay perpetually for access• Open access content should be free forever

Two Approaches

What Is LOCKSS?

• Empower libraries in the digital environment• Digital “bookshelves” with automatic preservation• Libraries use LOCKSS to

– Maintain relevance as memory organization– Own rather than lease content– Acquire intellectual assets for their University– Have local access, control, and custody of content– 100% perpetual access

Do not pay for access!!!

LOCKSS Program

• Stanford University Libraries (founded 1998)• Standards - OAIS, OpenURL, HTTP, WARC• Preserving all web formats and genres

– Animations, datasets, moving images, still images, software, sound, text …

– Journals, books, blogs, web sites, scanned files, audio, video …

• 450 participating publishers

What’s Needed?

• Library LOCKSS Box• Publisher LOCKSS permission

A LOCKSS Box At Your University

A LOCKSS box is a digital bookshelf

LOCKSS box is approximately an $800 computer

Publisher Archiving Permission

http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-04466-3#section=630975&page=1

Local Collection Into Your LOCKSS Box

Continual Access Without Payment

Publisher unavailable?

What Does It Look Like?

Benefits

• Retain your library’s relevance• Build and preserve your local collections• Provide 100% perpetual access

– Separate payment from access• Show your readers the original artefact• Easy and affordable to participate

Two Approaches

What Is The CLOCKSS Archive?

CLOCKSS is a dark archive founded by the world’s leading libraries and publishers to keep archiving in the hands of the community.

CLOCKSS – Four Unique Benefits

1. Free, open access to ‘triggered’ content2. Globally distributed archive nodes at major

libraries3. Community-governed4. Low participation costs so everyone can

participate

Open Access “Triggered” Content

• Graft– Sage

• Auto/Biography– Sage

• Brief Treatment & Crisis Intervention– OUP

An Article

CLOCKSS Builds Open Access

• Subscription content becomes open access• Open access content remains free forever

Global Stewardship And PreservationAsia/PacificAustralia: ANUChina: University of Hong KongJapan: NIIEuropeGermany: Humboldt University UK: University of EdinburghItaly: Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreNorth AmericaCanada: University of Alberta United States: Indiana University, Rice University, Stanford University, University of Virginia, OCLC

Decentralized Preservation

Libraries preserving content around the globe– Re-enforcing social value as memory organizations– Insuring against geo-social and geo-physical risks

Governed By The Community

CLOCKSS is a tax-exempt, 501(c)3, not-for-profit organization

•Board of Directors•Advisory Council

2007 ALA ALCTS Outstanding Collaboration

Governing Board

American Medical AssociationAmerican Physiological SocietybepressElsevierIOP PublishingNature Publishing Group Oxford University PressSAGE Publications SpringerTaylor & FrancisWiley-Blackwell

Australian National UniversityOCLCIndiana University Humboldt University - BerlinJapan National Institute of

InformaticsRice University Stanford UniversityUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University of AlbertaUniversity of Edinburgh University of Hong KongUniversity of Virginia

Advisory Council

• Each participating library has one delegate• Voice in CLOCKSS Archive governance• Meet quarterly

– Virtually, by geographic regions

Low Fees

•CLOCKSS has already lowered fees•Country-wide discounts

We keep costs low so everyone can participate

Four Unique Values

1. Free, open access to ‘triggered’ archived content– Keep open access content, open access over time– Good for authors, good for societies, good for scholars

2. Globally distributed libraries preserving content– Geo-graphically, geologically, geo-politically – Re-enforce library’s memory role on a worldwide scale

3. Community-governed archive – Librarians and publishers work together as equals

4. Low fees– Leverage library infrastructure– Using LOCKSS technology for preservation

Conclusion

• E-book archiving is not that different, and not too hard. It is important to do it right away, as reliance on e-books grows.

• Libraries have an opportunity now, as e-book licensing model is still under development, to demand an ownership model, no payment for access, and library-friendly archiving.

Discussion Welcome!

Thank you