Upload
devin-stevens
View
213
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
EEmbedded Coachingto Embedded Coaching
Sunny Choi, MA. ED, BCBA
WHY Embedded Coaching?
• Embodies 'the critical role that families play in child learning and development'
• Programs focused on family strategy use were more effective than other family participation methods (Shonkoff & Hauser-Cram, 1987)
• Family involvement results in significantly greater intervention effects (Shonkoff & Hauser-Cram,1987; Ketelaar, Vermeer, Helders, & Hart, 1998)
• 23 other states also utilize this approach
I Have GREAT Ideas! Why Aren't Parents Following Through With Them??!?
Interventions fail to be implemented and sustained when they do not fit the daily routine of the family…when the intervention cannot be incorporated into the daily routine, or when the intervention is not compatible with the goals, values,beliefs of the parents(Bernheimer & Keogh, 1995, p. 424)
Defining Embedded Coaching (EC)
• Parent mediated interventions• Interventions are designed and occur within the
individual, everyday family and community routine activities of the child (Embedded Interventions)
• Support is provided to family members and other important adults to use strategies in-between professional intervention visits (Collaborative Coaching)
** Focus is on the in- between session times
Direct Service Model VS. EC Model
Direct Service • Participants
- child and therapist• Learning
opportunities - typically 1 hour/week during sessions only
EC• Participants
- child, therapist, and parent
• Learning opportunities - more than 10 hours/week, ongoing throughout the day
Misperception!
Parents are not expected to be therapists!
When families use the strategies in meaningful contexts such as natural routine activities and fit into their way of doing, learning opportunities will naturally multiply.
Same Objective, Different Approaches
**** Discriminate 'DOG' ****Direct Service Model : • Using flash cards, the teacher dictates "Point to the
DOG!" • While reading a book side by side, the teacher asks
"Show me the DOG!" and to every opportunity there is a picture of a dog
EC Model: • Mom and child take a stroll in the park. Mom asks,
"What's that?" • While reading a book in mom's arms, mom asks "Point to
the DOG!" and to intermittent opportunities of a picture of a dog
How is teaching occurring?
Two Video Sessions of Speech Therapy <http://jeffline.jefferson.edu/videos/cfsrp/player_001.html>
Focus on the,1) Routine activity2) Physical positioning of the therapist 3) Therapist's feedback
What is an Authentic Assessment?
• What is it? (Please see Appendix 2)a. The first step of embedded coaching. b. An assessment of how the child functions in everyday life.
• What does it reflect?a. What the child knows how to dob. How well the child knows how to do itc. How the child learnsd. The child's overall strengths, needs, interestse. The parents' overall strengths and needsf. How well interventions are working
Facts about the Authentic Assessment Process
Authentic:• Real life• Actual happenings• Uninterrupted• Culturally relevant• Directly related to
IFSP outcome
Assessment: • Gathering
information• Interpreting data• Making decisions
Nolan's Story
This video clip shares how an Occupational Therapist conducted a brief authentic assessment and introduced familiar tools and doable strategies for the family.
<http://www.cde.state.co.us/resultsmatter/RMVideoSeries_JustBeingKids.htm>
What is a Routine Activity?
•• Examples include, playing, eating, traveling,
getting dressed (Please refer to Appendix 3)• Not based on a set time or a specific manner,
but rather the familiarity of the act• Family specific - based on the culture and
values of the family (each family has their own way of 'doing')
Defined as 'Activities that children and their family do during their day'
Contextual Characteristics of Assessment within Routine Activities
What ?
Who ?
Where ?
When ?
How ?
Where to begin?!
Review the IFSP functional outcomes as they should outline
-> specific activities (routine)-> "so that" (priority)
• Henry will stop an activity, look up and maintain eye contact for 2-3 seconds when his name is called so that he can follow directions.
• Evan will sit and eat his meal using a spoon by himself with minimal spillage so that he can participate in meal times with her family.
Principles of EC Intervention Visits
• Focus on priorities• Choose everyday routine activities
individualized to the family (family's 'way of doing')
• Promote child participation and engagement in these routines
• Ensure family is actively participating to understand and appreciate recommended strategies
• Ensure family is confident and competent using strategies in-between visits
When Collaborating With Parents
• Ask questions - Which strategies have you used before? Did they work/Did they not work? Why did you choose those strategies specifically?
• Listen with sensitivity and without judgement
• Brainstorm together
• Model the strategy
• Reinforce their progress!
EC Strategies VS. Homework
EC Strategies• Family determines
what they want to work on
• Individualized to family's needs, culture, way of life
• Fit in with everyday routines
Homework• Therapist alone
determines what activity is assigned
• Based on outside curriculum and goals, not the learner's needs
• Separate from usual daily routines
Strategies should...
Make Sense and be Doable for the Family. •Include materials that belong to the family, fit into the way the routine occurs, or materials are left for the family as a permanent product to be used during the routine. •Easily fits into the routine and feels natural•Should promote repeated opportunities to practice•Make sure that the child actively participates vs. on the sideline•Employ the 'Just Enough Challenge'
• Agreed upon between the family and therapist
• Explained, modeled, and practiced with feedback 'live' and followed up by questions/reservations
*** These tips ensure the use of strategies between visits! ***
Tisha's Intervention Visits (Appendix 1)
What is different between the two therapy sessions? Please underline the answers for each example.
1. When are the PT sessions scheduled?2. Whose toys are being used? 3. How involved is the PT? 4. How involved is Tisha's father? 5. Does the PT provide feedback? If so, how does it
occur? 6. How are expectations for in-between visits and for
next therapy sessions discussed?
Determining Success
What? • What strategies fit the family the best?• What is different about how the child is participating
in the activities?When?• When were the strategies used in between sessions?• How often are they being used?How?• Were strategies used in the same way they were
during the coaching session?• How is the family tracking the child's progress?
In Summary,
EC is an approach to intervention that begins with Authentic, Routine-based Assessment
in order to Create and Implement Embedded
Interventionsusing
Collaborative Coaching so families can effectively apply developmental
strategies in-between visits.