49-602c.indd
*·**
Sediment Characteristics of the Beach and Subtidal Zone in Shindu
Marine Protected Area
Young Ho Shin* · Jong Cheol Seo**
: 20 9
.
.
, . -
. 1
Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+, 2 Na+Mg2+Ca2+K+ . Na+, Mg2+, K+
, . Ca2+
. --
.
.
: , , , ,
Abstract : We analyzed physical and chemical properties of
sediments from 20 subtidal points and 9 beach points to dene
sedimentary environment between summer and winter of Shindu Marine
Protected Area. Means of particle size in summer were generally ner
than winter’s. ere was distinctively spatial pattern that particle
sizes became increasingly fine as west direction and apart from
beach in summer, but this pattern was not shown in winter. Coarse
sediments were prevailed in winter. To explain these patterns, we
propose possible two causes which are spatially dierent water depth
condition related with seasonal wave climate or ne sediment input
from an estuary located in south of this area during summer rainy
season. Contents of exchangeable cations of sediment in summer were
shown Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ in order, but those of winter were
shown Na+>Mg2+Ca2+>K+. Contents of Na+, Mg2+, and K+ were
related with contents of ne sediment and showed high correlation in
each other. ese relations were not shown between Ca2+ and others.
Our results show that there are spatio-temporal unique sedimentary
environments between subtidal zone, beach, and dune near Shindu
Marine Protected Area. Therefore, we should consider these
spatio-temporal patterns for environmentally sound management of
Shindu coastal system.
Key Words : Shindu coastal dune, Marine Protection Area, beach,
subtidal zone, sediment characteristics
* BK21+ 4-Zero (Post-doc researcher, BK21+ 4-Zero Land Space Cre-
ation Group, Seoul National University),
[email protected]
** (Associate Professor, Department of Geography Education,
Catholic University of Daegu),
[email protected]
- 813 -
1.
(·, 2005).
, ,
,
(French, 2001; Nordstrom,
2000; Viles and Spencer, 1995).
(eg. ·,
2009; , 2012; , 2007).
,
‘ ’
‘1)’ · . 2014
8 9
. ,
( 431
) (2002 10 9)
( 1).
,
(eg. , 2012),
(eg. ,
1999),
(eg. , 2013),
(eg.
, 2011).
·
(eg. , 2007).
,
· ·
.
,
,
-
·
.
·
(eg. , 2007;
, 2012), -
-
-
· , --
.
-
· ,
-
·.
639,170m2,
1 .
·
·
- ( 1).
- 814 -
20(ST1~ST20) 9(B1-1~B3-1)
.
‘ ’(,
2002) .
(Labond-type grab sam-
pler) ,
1cm
.
GPS(Garmin GPS V, USA) 2).
. Ingram(1971)
, 10%
(H2O2) 3).
4Ø(0.064mm)
.
(JISCO J-VSS sieve shak-
er) 5 ,
Micrometrics SediGraph 5100
. Gradistat ver-
1.
.
· .
1.
- 815 -
sion 8.0(Blott and Pye, 2001) , Folk and
Ward(1957) , , ,
.
(K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+)
.
--
-
.
( , 2012; ,
2005; , 2005; Kim and Yu, 2009; van der
Valk, 1974) .
2mm 4g 20ml
(1N, CH3COOHNH4) 1
(ICP, Varian 720-ES)
ArcGIS 10.1
4), SPSS 21 ‘
T-’ ‘’, ‘
’
.
·
2 ,
· 2~9
. --
10~11 .
1()
(ne sand) (medium
silt) , 1
.
,
4
( 2). 2()
(medium sand)
, .
. 1
,
( 3).
.
,
( 4). 2
1 .
(moderately well sorted)
,
( 5).
,
( 4, 5).
13, 17, 18
(negative skewed) . 1
.
(
6). 2
, 4
( 7).
1
(leptokurtic, )
- 816 -
(platykurtic, ),
(mesokurtic, )
( 8). 2
2.
*
(Folk,
1968)
ST-1 2.52 0.33 0.00 0.74 100.00 0.00 0.00 S 2.45 0.48 -0.24 1.44
99.69 0.10 0.21 S
ST-2 2.79 0.59 0.28 0.98 97.87 0.95 1.17 S 3.01 0.64 -0.06 0.74
99.10 0.33 0.57 S
ST-3 4.24 2.06 0.60 2.61 81.03 16.01 2.96 zS 2.54 0.62 -0.05 1.65
98.89 0.64 0.47 S
ST-4 7.05 3.05 -0.81 0.48 41.38 4.46 54.16 sC 3.49 2.22 0.48 1.77
78.88 19.68 1.43 zS
ST-5 2.53 0.38 0.13 0.99 98.08 0.72 1.20 S 2.46 0.45 -0.19 1.18
100.00 0.00 0.00 S
ST-6 2.97 1.09 0.40 1.76 92.68 4.08 3.24 S 2.91 0.92 -0.19 1.32
97.46 1.43 1.12 S
ST-7 4.75 2.71 0.57 0.64 66.56 25.92 7.52 zS 1.82 2.04 -0.30 1.06
93.14 5.96 0.90 S
ST-8 4.91 2.96 0.61 0.72 64.56 17.47 17.97 mS 2.43 0.99 -0.22 2.10
96.93 2.06 1.00 S
ST-9 2.50 0.35 -0.04 0.80 98.27 0.69 1.04 S 2.42 0.50 -0.22 1.32
99.65 0.10 0.25 S
ST-10 2.57 0.47 0.18 1.17 98.22 0.74 1.05 S 2.60 0.66 0.01 1.55
99.34 0.20 0.47 S
ST-11 4.43 2.52 0.77 0.79 73.96 21.45 4.58 zS 2.25 0.93 -0.52 2.40
98.39 1.14 0.47 S
ST-12 4.39 2.54 0.77 1.93 76.09 17.21 6.69 zS 2.79 0.75 0.05 1.09
97.99 0.77 1.24 S
ST-13 2.48 0.49 -0.10 1.33 98.41 0.50 1.09 S 2.42 0.50 -0.21 1.26
98.74 0.31 0.95 S
ST-14 2.55 0.48 0.21 1.27 96.24 1.62 2.14 S 2.45 0.44 -0.19 1.21
100.00 0.00 0.00 S
ST-15 2.91 1.41 0.49 2.50 90.56 5.14 4.31 S 2.69 0.91 -0.07 1.81
98.35 0.76 0.89 S
ST-16 3.67 2.10 0.67 2.37 82.23 14.24 3.54 zS 2.68 0.93 -0.09 1.81
98.58 0.69 0.73 S
ST-17 2.48 0.39 -0.11 0.95 97.53 0.95 1.52 S 2.20 0.72 -0.41 1.48
100.00 0.00 0.00 S
ST-18 2.36 0.52 -0.23 1.11 97.72 1.63 0.64 S 2.44 0.46 -0.17 1.13
99.71 0.11 0.18 S
ST-19 2.50 0.56 0.02 1.46 97.74 0.98 1.29 S 2.52 0.65 -0.03 1.52
98.84 0.50 0.66 S
ST-20 2.65 0.66 0.15 1.43 95.55 1.50 2.94 S 2.36 1.05 -0.34 2.45
98.69 0.84 0.47 S
3.36 1.28 0.23 1.30 87.23 6.81 5.95 2.55 0.84 -0.15 1.51 97.62 1.78
0.60
1.23 1.02 0.40 0.63 15.71 8.40 12.02 0.34 0.48 0.20 0.44 4.67 4.41
0.43
B1-1 2.41 0.47 -0.20 1.23 100.00 0.00 0.00 S 2.26 0.58 -0.27 1.08
97.46 0.94 1.60 S
B1-2 2.49 0.34 -0.02 0.76 98.11 0.53 1.35 S 2.46 0.47 -0.20 1.22
97.39 1.05 1.56 S
B1-3 2.49 0.33 0.00 0.74 98.50 0.42 1.09 S 2.50 0.35 0.03 0.79
98.19 0.57 1.24 S
B2-1 2.47 0.41 -0.14 1.03 97.39 0.76 1.85 S 2.28 0.56 -0.25 1.06
98.22 0.61 1.17 S
B2-2 2.44 0.43 -0.17 1.13 100.00 0.00 0.00 S 2.44 0.46 -0.18 1.14
97.18 1.11 1.71 S
B2-3 2.50 0.33 0.00 0.74 98.74 0.27 0.99 S 2.47 0.42 -0.15 1.07
97.25 0.90 1.85 S
B3-1 2.43 0.45 -0.17 1.13 98.54 0.76 0.71 S 2.25 0.58 -0.25 1.01
97.14 1.24 1.62 S
B3-2 2.47 0.40 -0.13 1.00 97.86 0.85 1.30 S 2.33 0.53 -0.25 1.11
98.22 0.68 1.10 S
B3-3 2.48 0.40 -0.13 1.00 98.66 0.54 0.80 S 2.43 0.48 -0.18 1.15
96.76 1.80 1.44 S
2.47 0.40 -0.11 0.97 98.64 0.46 0.90 2.38 0.49 -0.19 1.07 97.53
0.99 1.48
0.03 0.05 0.08 0.18 0.88 0.32 0.61 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.54 0.38
0.26
* S: sand, zS: silty sand, sC: sandy clay, mS: muddy sand
- 817 -
2. (1) 3. (2)
4. (1) 5. (2)
6. (1) 7. (2)
- 818 -
tic) ,
.
,
(
9).
.
( 2). 1
(S, sand) (zS,
silty sand) , (mS; muddy sand)
(sC, sandy Clay) 1 ( 10).
(sC) 4
.
(mS) (zS) 6
. 2
(zS) 4
(S) ( 11).
,
.
8. (1) 9. (2)
10. (1) 11. (2)
- 819 -
2)
3 .
(Na+Mg2+Ca2+K+)5)
.
1
Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+ , 2
3. (: mg/kg)
1 2
ST-1 166.1 45.9 58.6 305.8 139.7 68.1 86.6 530.2
ST-2 255.2 57.9 88.1 464.2 97.0 89.5 127.6 875.6
ST-3 258.5 87.5 137.5 767.8 76.3 76.8 84.8 487.3
ST-4 315.7 180.4 288.2 1716.0 225.5 124.3 167.2 1177.0
ST-5 261.8 53.8 81.2 418.0 84.8 88.7 167.2 1155.0
ST-6 211.2 62.5 88.4 463.1 145.2 108.4 139.7 822.8
ST-7 257.4 97.2 147.4 799.7 75.8 64.6 56.9 338.8
ST-8 283.8 89.8 140.8 870.1 107.5 78.9 95.8 661.1
ST-9 185.9 46.3 72.3 391.6 97.8 75.7 144.1 1053.8
ST-10 221.1 45.9 54.8 269.5 70.1 84.0 133.1 870.1
ST-11 260.7 134.2 223.3 1397.0 110.0 77.0 83.9 553.3
ST-12 202.4 87.8 119.9 684.2 76.0 71.4 109.2 646.8
ST-13 222.2 44.2 60.6 309.1 76.7 56.1 72.6 510.4
ST-14 235.4 45.0 62.0 298.1 75.7 70.1 99.9 712.8
ST-15 155.1 52.0 52.7 272.8 56.2 58.2 89.1 546.7
ST-16 269.5 80.9 135.3 729.3 89.5 56.4 72.9 463.1
ST-17 227.7 49.0 82.1 460.9 119.9 67.5 136.4 869.0
ST-18 337.7 43.5 72.7 348.7 102.6 62.6 107.9 693.0
ST-19 297.0 49.5 88.9 433.4 113.3 75.9 145.2 924.0
ST-20 180.4 68.3 113.3 610.5 102.7 71.0 102.9 665.5
240.2 71.1 108.4 600.5 102.1 76.3 111.1 727.8
48.8 35.2 59.8 380.3 37.0 16.9 32.1 234.5
B1-1 258.5 44.0 71.2 361.9 126.5 70.5 122.1 920.7
B1-2 229.9 54.0 96.8 513.7 84.5 65.5 102.1 694.1
B1-3 229.9 56.5 107.1 595.1 124.3 73.8 128.7 929.5
B2-1 237.6 51.6 97.2 498.3 95.4 55.6 79.1 598.4
B2-2 239.8 54.0 103.7 581.9 104.9 64.1 97.5 674.3
B2-3 196.9 56.0 99.2 533.5 88.2 61.6 94.5 671.0
B3-1 234.3 51.7 84.7 419.1 63.0 57.5 114.4 930.6
B3-2 235.4 46.1 74.6 416.9 104.2 68.9 113.3 875.6
B3-3 251.9 54.2 96.0 529.1 91.5 62.3 108.6 781.0
234.9 52.0 92.3 494.4 98.1 64.4 106.7 786.1
17.2 4.3 12.6 79.2 19.8 6.0 15.2 130.9
- 820 -
2 Ca2+
.
Ca2+
.
kg ( 3). Ca2+
4 18, 19 ,
1, 9, 15, 20 .
196.9~258.5mg/kg
.
18 19
Ca2+
( 12). 2 Ca2+ 56.2
~225.5mg/kg , 63.0
~126.5mg/kg ( 3). 2
Ca2+ 1
. 4 1
, 15 1
15 ( 13).
1 K+ 43.5~180.4mg/kg
( 3). K+ 4
11 ,
1, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18 .
44.0~56.5mg/kg
( 14).
( 14). 2
K+ 56.4~124.3mg/kg 1
( 3).
4 6 1 4
. K+ 55.6~ 73.8mg/kg
(
15).
1
( 15). 1
2 K+
,
.
( 3). 4 11
, 1, 10, 13, 14, 15 .
Mg2+ 71.2~107.1mg/kg
( 16).
12. Ca2+ (1) 13. Ca2+ (2)
- 821 -
14. K+ (1) 15. K+ (2)
16. Mg2+ (1) 17. Mg2+ (2)
18. Na+ (1) 19. Na+ (2)
- 822 -
( 16). 2 Mg2+
56.9~167.2mg/kg ( 3).
4 5 1
4 .
. Mg2+
79.1~128.7mg/kg
. 2 1
(
17).
4 11 K+, Mg2+
,
10, 13, 14, 15 K+, Mg2+
. Na+ 361.9~595.1mg/kg
,
. K+, Mg2+
( 18). 2
Na+ 338.8~1,177.0mg/kg 1
( 3). 4, 5, 9, 19
1 4
,
7 . Na+
598.4~930.6mg/kg ,
. 2
1
( 19).
4.
1 2 ,
T- ( 4).
.
, 1
3.36Ø(, very fine sand),
2.5~3.0Ø 13
4Ø 6
( 20).
2 2.47Ø (medium
sand), 2.0~3.0Ø
19
( 20).
(, 2002; , 2001)
. 21 22 2001
4 2002 7
. 2002 7
( 22) 2013 8
( 2)
. , 2001 4
, 2014 1
( 21).
(2002) 6) (2002
7, 2013 8, 2014 1)
. 5
. 10 2013 8
2002
, 2014
1
. , 10
( 20).
.
- 823 -
4. T-
1 *-2 * .17251 .27640 .05133 .06737 .27764 3.361 28 .002
1 *-2 * .07749 .51956 .09648 -.12014 .27512 .803 28 .429
1 -2 .28483 .44493 .08262 .11559 .45407 3.447 28 .002 1 -2 -.17690
.62013 .11516 -.41278 .05899 -1.536 28 .136
*:
20.
(2002 7 (2002)
22. 2002 7
(, 2002)
. (2002)
.
,
(Chun et
al., 1998; Lee et al., 1999),
(·, 1998; , 1999;
, 2000) .
,
.
.
-
( , 1996; ·, 2005)
(, 2011; 2010)
.
. (2011)
( 23).
.
2m ( 24).
.
2m
,
.
. ,
,
(open-coast area) (embayment coastal
area) (,
2011). ,
,
.
3 ,
5. (LSD)
(I)** (J) (I-J) 95%
2013 8 2014 1 .23413* .09834 .021 .0372 .4311 2002 7 .01433 .09834
.885 -.1826 .2113
2014 1 2013 8 -.23413* .09834 .021 -.4311 -.0372 2002 7 -.21979*
.09834 .029 -.4167 -.0229
2002 7 2013 8 -.01433 .09834 .885 -.2113 .1826 2014 1 .21979*
.09834 .029 .0229 .4167
*: 0.05
**:
( 25). 24
,
,
,
.
(2011) (sM, sandy mud)
,
.
.
.
(a) (b)
( 1:25,000 ,
, )
25.
(map.naver.com )
- 826 -
()
T
( 6),
Ca2+ Na+. Ca2+ 26
.
18 19
. Na+
(
27). 4
11
. K+ Mg2+ 2
.
, 4 11
Na+ (
28, 29). Ca2+
.
Ca2+
.
(, )
(Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), (,
) (, )
. 7
30 . 1 K+, Mg2+, Na+, ,
, 2 Ca2+
.
Ca2+
, Ca2+
.
,
K+, Mg2+, Na+
(
-Mg2+(r2=0.768), -K+(r2=0.904),
-Na+(r2=0.784)).
.
(2012) .
(2012)
Ca2+
Ca2+
,
( 31, 32).
.
6. T-
1 Ca2+-2 Ca2+ 137.7310 43.7912 8.1318 121.0737 154.3883 16.937 28
.000
1 K+-2 K+ -7.4241 25.5243 4.7397 -17.1331 2.2848 -1.566 28
.128
1 Mg2+–2 Mg2+ -6.3690 56.6754 10.5244 -27.9271 15.1892 -.605 28
.550 1 Na+–2 Na+ -178.3517 379.1070 70.3984 -322.5563 -34.1471
-2.533 28 .017
- 827 -
,
. -
-
Ca2+
.
. Ca2+
,
.
(eg. )
26. Ca2+ 1-2 27. K+ 1-2
28. Mg2+ 1-2 29. Na+ 1-2
- 828 -
.
.
,
.
(, 2001; , 2010; , 2011; Rhew
and Yu, 2009; , 2002). ,
-
.
. -
.
.
,
. ,
. ,
(
,
)
.
, Mg2+, K+, Na+
Ca2+ .
30. Biplot
7.
Ca2+ 0.155 0.895
K+ 0.907 -0.261
Mg2+ 0.869 -0.245
0.354 0.173
Mg2+, K+, Na+
. ,
Mg2+,
K+, Na+
.
.
Na+
. Na+
, (2005)
(2012) Ca2+Na+Mg2+K
Na+
.
,
, Ca2+
. ,
Na+
.
.
Ca2+
( )
,
.
.
(2005) (2005)
Ca2+
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
(French, 2001).
31.
Ca2+( , 2012)
32.
Ca2+( , 2012)
- 830 -
---
,
.
,
.
-
·
.
5.
20 9
·
.
.
1 2.41~2.50Ø( 2.5Ø), 2 2.25~2.50Ø
( 2.4Ø) .
,
.
, , , 4
,
. ·
. ,
·
.
.
.
,
.
1
Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+ , 2
Na+Mg2+Ca2+K+ .
1 2 Ca2+
. Ca2+
. Mg2+, K+, Na+
. Ca2+
.
Ca2+
.
-
· ·
,
.
-
‘ ’
‘ ’
.
.
, ,
- 831 -
, .
.
’, ‘’, ‘’
.
2) GPS ,
cm
,
GPS
m
.
3)
.
.
,
.
5) () . Cl-
(55.04%)Na+(30.62%)SO4 2-(7.68%)Mg2+(3.69%)
Ca2+(1.15%)K+(1.10%)HCO3 -(0.41%) (Beer, 1983;
White et al., 1992 ).
6) (2002)
,
.
:
, .
,”
, 13(1), 43-53.
,” :
, 4(2), 127-135.
,” ,
26(6), 584-596.
,” , 40, 93-118.
···, 2012, “VRS/RTK GPS
- ,”
, 19(2), 161-172.
, .
: ,”
, 17(1), 85-93.
,” , 12(2), 87-98.
“ ,”
, 8(6), 59-68.
, 2013, “
,” , 15, 493-
500.
, .
··, 2005, “
,” , 45, 165-183.
, 47(2), 193-207.
,” , 29(4), 326-344.
, .
, 16(2), 1-13.
: ,”
: , 4(2), 117-126.
, 3(3), 149-157.
,”
, 19(2), 17-27.
,” , 18(1),
37-45.
,” : ,
5(2), 105-118.
, 2001, ·
.
tion to the Behaviour of Coastal Waters, Pergamon Press.
Blott, S.J. and Pye, K., 2001, GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution
and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated
sediments, Earth surface pro-
cesses and Landforms, 26(11), 1237-1248. Chun, S.S., Lee, H.J.,
Ryu, S.O., and Yang, B.C., 1998,
Seasonal and local variation of sedimentation on the wave-dominated
tidal ats, southwestern coast of Korea: comparison between
inner-bay and open tidal f lats, 15th International
Sedimentological
Congress, Alicante, Spain. Folk, R.L. and Ward, W.C., 1957, Brazos
river bar: A study
in the significance of grain size parameters, Jour-
nal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27(1), 2-26. French, P.W., 2001,
Coastal Defences: Processes, Problems
and Solutions, Routledge. Ingram, R.L., 1971, Sieve analysis, In
Carver, R.E.(ed.),
Procedures in sedimentary petrology, Wiley-Inter Science, New York,
49-67.
Kim, D. and Yu, K.B., 2009, A conceptual model of coast-
al dune ecology synthesizing spatial gradient of vegetation, soil,
and geomorphology, Plant Ecol-
ogy, 202(1), 135-148. Lee, H.J., Chu, Y.S., and Park, Y.A., 1999,
Sedimentary
processes of fine-grained material and the effect of seawall
construction in the Daeho macrotidal f lat-nearshore area, northern
west coast of Korea, Marine Geology, 157(3-4), 171-184.
Nordstrom, K.F., 2000, Beaches and Dunes of Developed
Coasts, Cambridge University Press. Rhew, H.S. and Yu, K.B., 2009,
Pattern of aeolian sand
transport and morphological change in the fore- dune ridge, Shindu
Duneeld, Korea: a case study during the winter, December 2000 to
March 2001, Journal of Coastal Research, 25(4), 1015- 1024.
Seo, J.C., 2004, The effective wind velocity and the pat- terns of
morphological change in the coastal dune area, Journal of the
Korean Association of Regional
Geographers, 10(3), 667-681. Viles, H. and Spencer, T., 1995,
Coastal Problems: Geomor-
phology, Ecology and Society at the Coast, Oxford University
Press.
White, I.D., Mottershead, D.N. and Harrison, S.J., 1992,
Environmental Systems: an introductory text(2nd
ed.), Chapman & Hall. Woo, H.J., Seo, J.C., Kweon, S.J., and
Je, J.-G., 2002,
Seasonal patterns of sediment supply to coastal foredune of
Seungbong Island, Korea, Ocean and
Polar Research, 24(1), 39-45.
13-13, (: jcseo@
chol.com, : 053-850-3741)
2014. 11. 5
2014. 12. 8
2014. 12. 31