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Effect of cage management on stress hormones in the black-necked stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus)
Chainarong Punkong , Uraiwan Ratchaya, Piyarat Vichian , Buunyapoom Aong-arch and Audomsin Chayapat
In several years ago, the Khao Kheow Open Zoo has taken efforts in breeding black-necked stork by studying the factors associated with breeding success(1,2), included that sex hormone, stress hormone, nutrition and behavior. The study found that in black-necked stork population had more stress hormone in summer season both male and female. And prior to this study, several reports have shown that the habitat environment is one of the factors that affects the stress level in wildlife and can lead to a negative impact on the physiological processes.
Introduction
In this study aimed to investigate effect of cage management with stress hormone level in Black-necked Storks by focusing on differences in condition of the cage, the cage size, and the attempts to minimize stress level of the black-necked storks in during summer season.
Objective
● Animals in this study included 3 males and 5 females Black necked stork at Storks captive breeding zone in Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Thailand ● Determine stress hormone including cortisol and corticosterone hormone by using a single and double antibody ELISA techniques compared between two different sizes of the cage with shade area. ● Stress hormonal detected in animals, when used the water
sprinkler system for summer season.(3)
● Statistical analysis was calculated using paired sample T-Test.
Materials & Methods
Study site: Storks captive breeding zone in
Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Thailand
20 m
10 m
W x L x H = 10 x 20 x 6 m.
Bigger cage and more shade area
Smaller cage and no shade area
13 m
10 m
W x L x H = 10 x 13 x 4 m.
Results from using water sprinkler system:The study found that, when the installation of water sprinkler
system and its usage during the daytime in summer season can reduce the secretion of stress hormones in both male and female black-necked stork.
There were significant different (P<0.05) in stress hormonelevel between used and none-used sprinkler, especially in females
Vs.
Results from the study in cage differences :All observed stress hormones in five females were
significantly different between different cage size and availability of including shaded area. Females in smaller cage with no tree cover had stress hormone level higher than females in bigger cage with tree cover (P<0.05).
The results in males found that, there was none-significant different (P>0.05) between different cage conditions, however stress level in a smaller cage is slightly higher than in a bigger cage with more shaded area.
Results (1)
Picture 1. Stress hormone data in both male and female black-necked storks compared between before and after the installation of water sprinkler system .
Picture 2. There was none-significant difference (P>0.05) in stress hormone concentration between using a single Ab EIA and Two Ab EIA techniques in this study.
The average ratio of corticosterone level in the Black-neckedStork was 4.5 fold of cortisol was detected (range 2.5-10 fold). Thisresult showed that corticosterone can be detected more thancortisol in a group of Black-necked Stork.
The study demonstrated that, the corticosterone levels weresignificantly difference between different cage size and condition ofthe cage. The high temperature in summer season is one factorthat can affect the GCs level increasing in Blacked-necked stork.
The 2 factors that can stimulate the corticosterone level ofcaptive animals are environment and cage management. Finally,stress and distress in captive wildlife may be reduced by cagemanagement.
Conclusions and Discussion
Paired Samples Test
59.1635 134.1753 24.4970 17.5401 100.7870 2.415 29 .022BEFORE - AFTERPair 1
Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean Lower Upper
90% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
23.7.58
3.8.58
11.8.58
15.8.58
20.8.58
25.8.58
31.8.58
7.9.58
14.9.58
26.9.58
1.8.58
7.8.58
13.8.58
17.8.58
23.8.58
27.8.58
4.9.58
9.9.58
20.9.58
27.9.58
23.7.58
9.8.58
17.8.58
23.8.58
31.8.58
7.9.58
20.9.58
27.9.58
17.12…
24.12…
16.12…
18.12…
22.12…
ng/g
of
dry
fec
es
Single Ab EIA Two Ab EIA
Paired Samples Test
36.6185 84.7907 18.9598 -3.0648 76.3018 1.931 19 .068BEFORE - AFTERPair 1
Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-tailed)Male
Female
Referen ce fro m h ttp ://ch en g h ia n g .wo rd press.co m/ 2 0 08 /08 /16 /bla ck-n ecked -sto rk-ep h ip pio rhyn ch u s-a siaticu s/
Family Ciconidae
There are 2 subspecies of the Black-necked Stork
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus australis
Status
• Evaluated as “Near Threatened” on the
IUCN Red List.
• Extinction in the wild of Thailand.
Classification
Ref er ence f r om Hancock, J . A. , Kushl an, J . A. and Kahl , M . P. ( 1992) . Bl acknecked
St or k. STROKS, I BI SES and SPOONBI L LS of t he Wor l d.
Results (2)
ReferencesAltmann, J. (1974). Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods. Behaviour, Vol. 49, No.3/4, pp. 227-267. BRILL.Brown, J., Walker, S, and Steinman, K. (2004). Endocrine manual for the reproductive assessment of domestic and non-domestic species, 2nd edition, USA: Smithsonian Institution.Goymann, W. and Eiermann, S.J. (2005). Analysis of Hormones in Droppings and Egg York of Birds. Introduction to the European Science Foundation Technical Meeting. Ann, N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1046, 1-4.
New Tork Academy of Sciences.Hancock, J.A., Kushlan, J.A. and Kahl, M.P. (1992). Blacknecked Stork. STROKS, IBISES and SPOONBILLS of the World. Brehm Foundation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, London. pp 109-113.Lehner, P.N. (1996). Sampling Methods. Hand Book of Ethological Methods. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. pp. 189-194.
E-mail: [email protected]
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