Catch and Tame the Cat!

Vocabulary

33000

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VStudy 33000

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abase

v

떨어 뜨리다, 낮추다; 창피를 주다

lower; humiliate

His refusal to abase himself in the eyes of his followers irritated the king, who wanted to humiliate him.

abash

v

당황시키다, 창피스럽게 만들다

embarrass

He was not at all abashed by her open admiration.

abdicate

v

포기하다, 저버리다

renounce, give up

When Edward VIII abdicated the British throne, he surprised the entire world.

abettor

n

사주자, 범죄를 부추기는 사람

a person who encourages criminal activities

He was accused of being an aider and abettor of the criminal.

abeyance

n

중지, 정지

suspended action

The deal was held in abeyance until his arrival.

abhor

v

혐오하다

detest, hate

He abhorred all forms of bigotry.

abjure

v

저버리다

renounce upon oath

He abjured his allegiance to the king.

ablution

n

씻기; 종교예식에서 몸을 깨끗이 씻음

washing of the body

His daily ablutions were accompanied by loud noises which he humorously labeled "Opera in the Bath."

abominate

v

혐오하다

loathe, hate

Moses abominated idol worship.

aboriginal

a

원산의, 원주민의, 토착의

native, endemic

His studies of the primitive art forms of the aboriginal Indians were widely reported in the scientific journals.

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abortive

a

실패한, 결실이 전혀 없는

unsuccessful; fruitless

We had to abandon our abortive attempts.

abrade

v

마찰시키다, 긁히다; 찰과상을 입다; 깍여 나가다

wear away by friction; erode

The skin of his leg was abraded by the sharp rocks.

abrogate

v

폐지하다

abolish

He intended to abrogate the decree issued by his predecessor.

abscond

v

몰래 도망치다

depart secretly and hide

The teller absconded with the bonds issued by his predecessor.

absolve

v

용서하다; 면죄시키다

pardon (an offense), aquit, exonerate, exculpate

The father absolved the confessor of his sins.

abstemious

a

절제적인; 담배, 술등을 삼가는

sparing in drinking, smoking, etc.; temperate, abstinent

The drunkards mocked him because of his abstemious habits.

abstinence

n

절제; 금주, 금식

restraint from eating or drinking

The doctor recommended total abstinence from alcoholic beverages.

abstract

a

이론적인; 추상적인

theoretical; not concrete; nonrepresentational

To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal.

abstruse

a

난해한; 심오한

profound; difficult to understand, obscure

Baffled by the abstruse philosophical texts assigned in class, Dave asked Lexy to explain Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.

abusive

a

입버릇이 사나운, 독설의; 남용된; 학대받은; 부패한

coarsely insulting; physically harmful

An abusive parent damages a child both mentally and physically.

abut

v

접경하다; 접촉하다; 기대다

border upon; adjoin

Where our estates abut, we must build a fence.

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abysmal

a

심연의;끝없이 깊은

bottomless

His arrogance is exceeded only by his abysmal ignorance.

abyss

n

심연, 심원; 나락의 밑바닥, 지옥

enormous chasm; vast, bottomless pit

Darth Vader seized the evil emperor and hurled him into the abyss.

academic

a

학구적인, 학문의

related to a school; not practical or directly useful

The dean's talk about reforming academic policies was only an academic discussion

accede

v

응하다, 동의하다

agree

If I accede to this demand for blackmail, I am afraid that I will be the victim of future demands.

accelerate

v

가속하다

move faster

In our science class, we learn how falling bodies accelerated.

accessible

a

접근하기 쉬운, 도달할 수 있는, 얻기 쉬운

easy to approach; obtainable

We asked our guide whether the ruins were accessible on foot.

accessory

n

부속물(품), 장신구

additional object; useful but not essential thing

She bought an attractive handbag as an accessory for her dress.

acclaim

v

갈채를 보내다, 환호하며 맞이하다, 인정하다(선언하다)

applaud; announce with great approval

The sportscasters acclaimed every American victory in the Olympics and decried every American defeat.

acclimate

v

새 풍토(환경)에 길들이다

adjust to climate or environment; adapt

One of the difficulties of our present air age is the need of travelers to acclimate themselves to their new and often strange environments.

acclivity

n

오르막길, 치받이 경사

sharp upslope of a hill

The car could not go up the acclivity in high gear.

accolade

n

중세기사의 작위 수여(식); 명예, 표창

award of merit

In Hollywood, an "Oscar" is the highest accolade.

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accommodate

v

(남)에게 친절히 하다, 편의를 도모하다; 수용하다

oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt

Mitch always did everything possible to accommodate his elderly relatives, from driving them to medical appointments to helping them with paperwork.(secondary meaning)

accomplice

n

공범자, 연루자

partner in crime

Because he had provided the criminal with the lethal weapon, he was arrested as an accomplice in the murder.

accord

n

일치, 합치; 조화

agreement; harmony

She was in complete accord with the verdict.

accost

v

말을 걸다, 인사말을 건네다

approach and speak first to a person

when the two young men accosted me, I was frightened because I thought they were going to attack me.

accouter

v

차려입다, 착용하다; (특히)군장(軍裝)하다

equip

The fisherman was accoutered with the best that the sporting goods store could supply.

accretion

n

증식, 증대; 첨가

growth; increase

Over the years Bob put on weight; because of this accretion of flesh, he went from size M to size XL.

accrue

v

증가하다; (이자 따위가)붙다

come about by addition

You must pay the interest that has accrued on your debt as well as the principal sum.

acerbity

n

쓴 맛, 신맛; 가혹함, 신랄함

bitterness of speech and temper

The meeting of the United Nations Assembly was marked with such acerbity that observers held little hope of reaching any useful settlement of the problem.

acetic

a

초산의, 시큼한; 신랄한

vinegary; biting

The salad had an exceedingly acetic flavor.

acidulous

a

시큼한, 신맛이 나는; 통렬한, 신랄한

slightly sour; sharp; caustic

James was unpopular because of his sarcastic and acidulous remarks.

acknowledge

v

인정하다, 승인하다, 자인하다, 자백하다

recognize; admit

Although I acknowledge that the Beatles' tunes sound pretty dated nowadays, I still prefer them to the gangster rap songs my brothers play.

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acme

n

정상, 절정; 극도, 최정점

peak; pinnacle; highest point

Welles's success in Citizen Kane marked the acme of his career as an actor; never again did he achieve such popular acclaim.

acoustics

n

(단수로) 음향학; (복수로) 음향 효과

science of sound; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in

Carnegie Hall is liked by music lovers because of its fine acoustics.

acquiesce

v

묵인하다, 묵종하다, 마지못해 따르다

assent; agree passively

Although she appeared to acquiesce to her employer's suggestions, I could tell she had reservations about the changes he wanted made.

acquittal

n

무죄 방면, 석방; 면소; (부채의)변제

deliverance from a charge

His acquittal by the jury surprised those who had thought him guilty.

acrid

a

매운, 쓴; 격렬한, 신랄한

sharp; bitterly pungent

The acrid odor of burnt gunpowder filled the room after the pistol had been fired.

acrimonious

a

신랄한, 격렬한, 독기있는, 독살스러운

bitter in words or manner

The candidate attacked his opponent in highly acrimonious terms.

acrophobia

n

고소 공포증

fear of heights

A born salesman, he could convince someone with a bad case of acrophobia to sign up for a life membership in a sky-diving club.

actuarial

a

보험통계(기사)의

calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics

According to recent actuarial tables, life expectancy is greater today than it was a century ago.

actuate

v

(기계 따위)를 움직이게 하다, 발동시키다

motivate

I fail to understand what actuated you to reply to this letter so nastily.

acuity

n

예리함, 예민함, 날카로움

sharpness

In time his youthful acuity of vision failed him, and he needed glasses.

acumen

n

날카로움, 총명함, 통찰력

mental keenness

Her business acumen helped her to succeed where others had failed.

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acute

a

예리한

quickly perceptive. keen. brief and severe

The acute young doctor realized immediately that the gradual deterioration of her patient's once-acute hearing was due to a chronic illness, not an acute one.

adage

n

속담

wise saying; proverb

There is much truth in the old adage about fools and their money.

adamant

n

견고한, 의지가 굳센, 무정한

hard; inflexible

In this movie Bronson played the part of a revenge-driven man, adamant in his determination to punish the criminals who destroyed his family.

adapt

v

적응(조화)시키다; 개작(각색번안)하다

alter; modify

Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.

addendum

n

부가(물); 부록

addition; appendix to book

Jane's editor approved her new comparative literature text but thought it would be even better with an addendum on recent developments in literary criticism.

addiction

n

중독, 몰두, 탐닉

compulsive, habitual need

His addiction to drugs caused his friends much grief.

addle

v

혼란시키다, 썩다

muddle; drive crazy; become rotten

This idiotic plan is confusing enough to addle anyone.

address

v

연설(설교)하다, (직함 따위로)(남)을 부르다, ~에게 말을 걸다; 신청하다, 청원(건의)하다

direct a speech to; deal with or discuss

At the upcoming convention in July, Brown planned to address the issue of low-income housing in his speech.

adept

a

숙련된, 정통한

adroit, skillful

She was adept at the fine art of irritating people.

adhere

v

들러붙다, 부착(밀착, 점착)하다; 집착(고집)하다

stick fast

I will adhere to this opinion until proof that I am wrong is presented.

adherent

n

신봉자, 추종자

supporter; follower

In the wake of the scandal, the senator's one-time adherents quietly deserted him.

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adjacent

a

근접(인접)한

adjoining; neighboring; close by

Phillip's best friend Jason lived only four houses down the block, near but not immediately adjacent.

adjunct

n

부가물, 부수품; 조수

something (generally nonessential or inferior) added on or attached

Although I don't absolutely need a second computer, I plan to buy a laptop to serve as an adjunct to my desktop model.

adjuration

n

선서; 탄원, 간청

solemn urging

Her adjuration to tell the truth did not change the witnesses' testimony.

adjutant

n

부관, 조수

staff officer assisting the commander; assistant

Though Wellington delegated many tasks to his chief adjutant, Lord Fitroy Somerset, Somerset was in no doubt as to who made all major decisions.

admonish

v

훈계하다, 타이르다, 권고(충고)하다

warn; reprove

He admonished his listeners to change their wicked ways.

adorn

v

꾸미다, 장식하다

decorate

Wall paintings and carved statues adorned the temple.

adroit

a

능숙한, 교묘한; 영리한, 재치있는

skillful, adept

Her adroit handling of the delicate situation pleased her employers.

adulation

n

아양, 아첨, 아부, 추종

flattery; admiration

The rock star thrived on the adulation of his groupies and yes-men.

adulterate

v

(저질품)을 섞다, (섞음질해서)품질을 떨어뜨리다

make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances

It is a crime to adulterate foods without informing the buyer; when consumers learned that Beechnut had adulterated its apple juice by mixing the juice with water, they protested vigorously.

advent

n

출현, 도래, 등장

arrival

Most Americans were unaware of the advent of the Nuclear Age until the news of Hiroshima reached them.

adventitious

a

외래의, 우연히 얻은, 우연의, 우발의

accidental; casual

She found this adventitious meeting with her friend extremely fortunate.

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adversary

n

적, 적수, 적대자, 반대자

opponent; enemy

Batman struggled to save Gotham city from the machinations of his wicked adversary, the Joker

adverse

a

반대의, 역의, 적대적인; 불리한, 불운한, 불행한; 반대쪽의

unfavorable; hostile

The recession had a highly adverse effect on Father's investment portfolio

adversity

n

불운, 불행, 역경, 불우

poverty; misfortune

We must learn to meet adversity gracefully.

advert

v

언급(논급)하다; 주의를 돌리다

refer (to)

Since you advert to this matter so frequently, you must regard it as important.

advocacy

n

변호, 옹호; 지지, 지원

support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something

No threats could dissuade Bishop Desmond Tutu from his advocacy of the human rights of black South Africans.

advocate

v

변호(지지, 주장)하다

urge; plead for

The abolitionists advocated freedom for the slaves.

aegis

n

보호, 비호, 후원; 제우스신의 방패

shield; defense

Under the aegis of the Bill of Rights, we enjoy our most treasured freedoms.

aerie

n

맹금류의 둥지; 높은 곳에 있는 집

nest of large bird of prey (eagle, hawk)

The mother eagle swooped down on the rabbit and bore it off to her aerie high in the Rocky Mountains.

aesthetic

a

미의, 미술의, 미학의, 심미적인

artistic; dealing with or capable of appreciating the beautiful

The beauty of Tiffany's stained glass appealed to Alice's aesthetic sense.

affable

a

사귀기 쉬운, 붙임성 있는; 싹싹한, 사근사근한, 상냥한, 온화한

easily approachable; warmly friendly

Accustomed to cold, aloof supervisors, Nicholas was amazed at how affable his new employer was.

affected

a

영향 받은; 침범 된; (병 따위에)걸린; 뽐낸, 잘난 체하는, 가식의

artificial; pretended; assumed in order to impress

His affected mannerisms - his "Harvard" accent, his air of boredom, his use of obscure foreign words - bugged us

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affidavit

n

(법률)선서공술서, 공술서

written statement made under oath

The court refused to accept her statement unless she presented it in the form of an affidavit.

affiliation

n

입회, 제휴

joining; associating with

His affiliation with the political party was of short duration for he soon disagreed with his colleagues.

affinity

n

인척관계, 친밀성

kinship

She felt an affinity with all who suffered; their pains were her pains.

affirmation

n

확언, 단언

solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath

The Constitution of this country provides for oath or affirmation by officeholders.

affix

v

첨부하다, (우표 따위)를 붙이다; (도장 따위)를 찍다

attach or add on; fasten

First the registrar had to affix his signature to the license; then he had to affix his official seal.

affliction

n

고통, 불행; 박해

state of distress; cause of suffering

Even in the midst of her affliction, Elizabeth tried to keep up the spirits of those around her.

affluence

n

풍부, 부유

abundance; wealth

Foreigners are amazed by the affluence and luxury of the American way of life.

affray

n

싸움, 소란

public brawl

He was badly mauled by the fighters in the affray.

affront

n

모욕, 창피

insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect

When Mrs. Proudie was not seated beside the Archdeacon at the head table, she took it as a personal affront and refused to speak to her hosts for a week.

agape

d

입을 딱 벌리고, 아연하여

with one's mouth open out of surprise

She stared, agape, at the many strange animals in the zoo.

agenda

n

의사일정

items of business at a meeting

We had so much difficulty agreeing upon an agenda that there was very little time for the meeting.

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agglomeration

n

덩어리로 만듦, 응집작용; 집적, 뭉침

collection; heap

It took weeks to assort the agglomeration of miscellaneous items she had collected on her trip.

aggrandize

v

크게하다; 강화하다

increase or intensify

The history of the past quarter century illustrates how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs without considering the wishes of Congress.

aggregate

a

총계의

sum; total

The aggregate wealth of this country is staggering to the imagination.

aghast

d

깜짝 놀라, 혼비백산하여

horrified

He was aghast at the nerve of the speaker who had insulted his host.

agility

n

민첩

nimbleness

The agility of the acrobat amazed and thrilled the audience.

agitate

v

흔들다, 선동하다.

stir up; disturb

Her fiery remarks agitated the already angry mob.

agnostic

n

불가지론자

one who is skeptical of the existence or knowability of a god

The agnostic demanded proof before she would accept the statement of the minister.

agrarian

a

농경의; 농지의, 토지의

pertaining to land or its cultivation

The country is gradually losing its agrarian occupation and turning more and more to an industrial point of view.

alacrity

n

민첩, 활기

cheerful promptness

He demonstrated his eagerness to serve by his alacrity in executing the orders of his master.

alchemy

n

연금술 (science나 chemistry의 사이비적 형식이라는 뜻으로 쓰임)

medieval chemistry

The changing of baser metals into gold was the goal of the students of alchemy.

alcove

n

우묵 들어간 곳, 후미진 구석 (고급 주택의 서재에 해당하는 곳으로 우리말 뜻의 부정적 의미는 없음)

nook; recess

Though their apartment lacked a full-scale dining room, an alcove adjacent to the living room made an adequate breakfast nook for the young couple.

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alias

n

가명

an assumed name

John Smith's alias was Bob Jones.

alienate

v

멀리하다, 이간하다; 고립시키다

make hostile; separate

Her attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other.

alimentary

a

영양의, 소화의

supplying nourishment

The alimentary canal in our bodies is so named because digestion of foods occurs there.

alimony

n

이혼 수당

payment by a husband to his divorced wife

Mrs. Jones was awarded $200 monthly alimony by the court when she was divorced from her husband.

allay

v

진정시키다, <고통, 슬픔 등을>완화하다

calm; pacify

The crew tried to allay the fears of the passengers by announcing that the fire had been controlled.

allege

v

단언하다, 우겨대다

state without proof

It is alleged that she had worked for the enemy.

allegiance

n

충성, 충의, 충실

loyalty

Not even a term in prison could shake Lech Walesa's allegiance to Solidarity, the Polish trade union he had helped to found.

allegory

n

비유

story in which characters are used as symbols; fable

"Pilgrim's Progress" is an allegory of the temptations and victories of man's soul.

alleviate

v

(심신의 고통)을 완화 시키다, 경감하다, 부드럽게 하다

relieve

This should alleviate the pain; if it does not, we shall have to use stronger drugs.

alliteration

n

두운(법)

repetition of beginning sound in poetry

"The furrow followed free" is an example of alliteration.

allocate

v

할당하다, 배분하다; 배치하다, 위치를 정하다

assign

Even though the Red Cross had allocated a large sum for the relief of the sufferers of the disaster, many people perished.

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alloy

n

합금, 비(卑)금속, 혼합물, 불순물

a mixture as of metals

Alloys of gold are used more frequently than the pure metal.

alloy

v

합금을 만들다; (불순물을 섞어서)질을 떨어뜨리다; (기쁨 따위)를 줄이다

mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate

Our delight at the Mets' victory was alloyed by our concern for Dwight Gooden, who injured his pitching arm in the game.

allude

v

언급하다, 넌지시 비치다, 암시하다

refer indirectly

Try not to mention divorce in Jack's presence because he will think you are alluding to his marital problems with Jill.

allure

v

꾀어내다, 사주하다, 끌어드리다

entice; attract

Allured by the song of the sirens, the helmsman steered the ship toward the reef.

allusion

n

암시, 빗대어 말하기; 인유

indirect reference

When Amanda said to the ticket scalper, "One hundred bucks? What do you want, a pound of flesh?," she was making an allusion to Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice.

alluvial

a

충적의, 퇴적사토의

pertaining to soil deposits left by running water

The farmers found the alluvial deposits at the mouth of the river very fertile.

aloft

a

위로 높이

upward

The sailor climbed aloft into the rigging.

aloof

a

냉담한, 무관심한; 떨어져서, 멀어져서

apart; reserved

Shy by nature, she remained aloof while all the rest conversed.

altercation

n

언쟁, 말다툼, 격론

noisy quarrel; heated dispute

In that hot-tempered household, no meal ever came to a peaceful conclusion; the inevitable altercation sometimes even ended in blows.

altruistic

a

이타적인

unselfishly generous; concerned for others

In providing tutorial assistance and college scholarships for hundreds of economically disadvantaged youths, Eugene Lang performed a truly altruistic deed.

amalgamate

v

합병(연합)하다; (금속)을 (수은과의)합금으로 하다

combine; unite in one body

The unions will attempt to amalgamate their groups into one national body.

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amass

v

(재산을)모으다, 축적하다, 쌓다

collect

The miser's aim is to amass and hoard as much gold as possible.

amazon

n

아마존(그리스신화; 흑해 부근에 살았다는 여인족의 전사)

female warrior

Ever since the days of Greek mythology we refer to strong and aggressive women as amazons.

ambidextrous

a

양손잡이의; 아주 솜씨가 있는; 표리부동한, 간교한

capable of using either hand with equal ease

a switch-hitter in baseball should be naturally ambidextrous.

ambience

n

환경; 분위기

environment; atmosphere

She went to the restaurant not for the food but for the ambience.

ambiguous

a

(의미가)애매한, 모호한, 불명확한

unclear or doubtful in meaning

His ambiguous instructions misled us; we did not know which road to take.

ambivalence

n

애증(愛憎)이 반반씩 있는 상태; 반대감정 양립, 이중의식

the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes

Torn between loving her parents one minute and hating them the next, she was confused by the ambivalence of her feelings.

amble

n

느린 걸음, 가벼운 걸음

moving at an easy pace

When she first mounted the horse, she was afraid to urge the animal to go faster than a gentle amble.

ambrosia

n

(그리스, 로마신화의 불로불사 한다는)신의 음식; 맛있는 음식

food of the gods

Ambrosia was supposed to give immortality to any human who ate it.

ambulatory

a

보행의, 보행에 알맞은, 보행할 수 있는; (의학)외래의

able to walk; not bedridden

Calvin was a highly ambulatory patient; not only did he refuse to be confined to bed, but also he insisted on riding his skateboard up and down the halls.

ameliorate

v

개량(개선)하다

improve

Many social workers have attempted to ameliorate the conditions of people living in the slums.

amenable

a

유순한, 다루기 쉬운; 지켜야 할, 받아야 할, 법적의무가 있는

readily managed or willing to be led; answerable or accountable legally

Although the ambassador was usually amenable to friendly suggestions, he balked when we hinted he should pay his parking tickets. As a foreign diplomat, he claimed he was not amenable to minor local laws.

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amend

v

고치다, 변경(수정)하다, 개선(정정)하다

correct; change, generally for the better

Hoping to amend his condition, he left Vietnam for the United States.

amenities

n

생활을 즐겁게 해주는 여러 설비; 즐거움; 예의, 공손함

convenient features; courtesies

In addition to the customary amenities for the business traveler - fax machines, modems, a health club - the hotel offers the services of a butler versed in the social amenities.

amiable

a

상냥한, 붙임성 있는, 온화한

agreeable; lovable; warmly friendly

In Little Women, Beth is the amiable daughter whose loving disposition endears her to all who know her.

amicable

a

우호적인, 사이 좋은, 원만한, 온화한

politely friendly; not quarrelsome

Beth's sister Jo is the hot-tempered tomboy who has a hard time maintaining amicable relationships with those around her. Jo's quarrel with her friend Laurie finally reaches an amicable settlement, but not because Jo turns amiable overnight.

amiss

a

틀린, 잘못인, 잘못된; 부적당한

wrong; faulty

Seeing her frown, he wondered if anything were amiss.

amity

n

친선, 친교, 우호관계

friendship

Student exchange programs such as the Experiment in International Living were established to promote international amity.

amnesia

n

건망증, 기억상실

loss of memory

Because she was suffering from amnesia, the police could not get the young girl to identify herself.

amnesty

n

사면

pardon

When his first child was born, the king granted amnesty to all in prison.

amok(amuck)

a

미쳐 날뛰는

in a state of rage

The police had to be called in to restrain him after he ran amok in the department.

amoral

a

도덕성이 없는, 도덕과 관계없는

nonmoral

The amoral individual lacks a code of ethics; he cannot tell right from wrong. The immoral person can tell right from wrong; he chooses to de something he knows is wrong.

amorous

a

다정다감한; 호색적인, 사랑의

moved by sexual love; loving

"Love them and leave them" was the motto of the amorous Don Juan.

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amorphous

a

무정형의, 애매한; 비결정질의

formless; lacking shape or definition

As soon as we have decided on our itinerary, we shall send you a copy; right now, our plans are still amorphous.

amphibian

a

양서류의; 수륙양용의

able to live both on land and in water

Frogs are classified as amphibian.

amphitheater

n

원형경기장

oval building with tiers of seats

The spectators in the amphitheater cheered the gladiators.

ample

a

큰, 넓은; 충분한, 풍부한

abundant

Bond had ample opportunity to escape. Why, then, did he let us capture him?

amplify

v

확대하다, 확장하다; (서술, 설명)을 부연하다; 과장하다

broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make stronger

Charlie Brown tried to amplify his remarks, but he was drowned out by jeers from the audience. Lucy was smarter

amputate

v

(외과수술에서 팔 다리 따위)를 절단하다

cut off part of body; prune

When the doctors had to amputate Ted Kennedy's leg to prevent the spread of cancer, he did not let the loss of his leg keep him from participating in sports.

amulet

n

부적, 호신부

charm; talisman

Around her neck she wore the amulet that the witch doctor had given her.

anachronism

n

시대착오의 것, 시대에 맞지 않는 것(사람)

something or someone misplaced in time

Shakespeare's reference to clocks in Julius Caesar is an anachronism; no clocks existed in Caesar's time.

analgesic

a

진통시키는; 통증이 없는

causing insensitivity to pain

The analgesic qualities of this lotion will provide temporary relief.

analogous

a

비슷한, 유사한

comparable

She called our attention to the things that had been done in an analogous situation and recommended that we do the same.

analogy

n

유사, 비슷함; 유추(법)

similarity; parallelism

a well-known analogy compares the body's immune system with an army whose defending troops are the lymphocytes or white blood cells.

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anarchist

n

무정부주의자; 폭력혁명가

person who seeks to overturn the established government; advocate of abolishing authority

Denying she was an anarchist, Katya maintained she wished only to make changes in our government, not to destroy it entirely.

anarchy

n

무정부 상태; 무질서 상태; 무질서, 혼란

absence of governing body; state of disorder

The assassination of the leaders led to a period of anarchy.

anathema

n

파문; 저주, 악담, 심한 매도

solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse

The Ayatollah Khomeini heaped anathema upon "the Great Satan," that is, the United States. To the Ayatollah, America and the West were anathema; he loathed the democratic nations, cursing them in his dying words.

ancestry

n

조상, 선조; 명문, 문벌; 가계

family descent

David can trace his ancestry as far back as the seventeenth century, when one of his ancestors was a court trumpeter somewhere in Germany.

anchor

v

닻으로 고정시키다; 단단히 붙잡아 매다; 앉다, 머무르다

secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place

We set the post in concrete to anchor it in place.

ancillary

a

보조적인, 부수적인

serving as an aid or accessory; auxiliary

In an ancillary capacity Doctor Watson was helpful; however, Holmes could not trust the good doctor to solve a perplexing case on his own.

anecdote

n

일화, 기담; 비사(秘史)

short account of an amusing or interesting event

Rather than make concrete proposals for welfare reform, President Reagan told anecdotes about poor people who became wealthy despite their impoverished backgrounds.

anemia

n

빈혈

condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles

The doctor ascribes her tiredness to anemia.

anesthetic

n

마취제

substance that removes sensation with or without loss of consciousness

His monotonous voice acted like an anesthetic; his audience was soon asleep.

anguish

n

고통, 고뇌, 비통

acute pain; extreme suffering

Visiting the site of the explosion, the president wept to see the anguish of the victims and their families.

angular

a

모난, 각을 이룬; (태도가)어색한, 딱딱한;(정신적으로)완고한

sharp-cornered; stiff in manner

Mr. Spock's features, though angular, were curiously attractive, in a Vulcan way.

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animadversion

n

비평, 비판, 혹평

critical remark

He resented the animadversions of his critics, particularly because he realized they were true.

animated

a

활기에 찬, 활발한; 살아있는 것 같은

lively; spirited

Jim Carrey's facial expressions are highly animated

animosity

n

원한, 증오, 적의, 적개심

active enmity

He incurred the animosity of the ruling class because he advocated limitations of their power.

animus

n

적의, 원한, 증오; 의도, 목적

hostile feeling or intent

The animus of the speaker became obvious to all when he began to indulge in sarcastic and insulting remarks.

annals

n

연대기, 연보, 정기간행물

records; history

In the annals of this period, we find no mention of democratic movements.

anneal

v

(유리, 도자기, 금속 따위)를 달구다; 단련하다

reduce brittleness and improve toughness by heating and cooling

After the glass is annealed, it will be less subjected to chipping and cracking.

annex

v

부가(첨가)하다; (영토 따위)를 합병하다; 수반하게 하다

attach; take possession of

Mexico objected to the United States' attempts to annex the territory that later became the state of Texas.

annihilate

v

파괴하다, 몰살(전멸)시키다

destroy

The enemy in its revenge tried to annihilate the entire population.

annotate

v

주석을 달다

comment; make explanatory notes

In the appendix to the novel, the critic sought to annotate many of the more esoteric references.

annuity

n

연금; 연금 수령권

yearly allowance

The annuity she set up with the insurance company supplements her social security benefits so that she can live very comfortably without working.

annul

v

취소(폐지)하다; 소멸시키다, 제거하다

make void

The parents of the eloped couple tried to annul the marriage.

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anodyne

n

진통제; 완화물

drug that relieves pain; opiate

His pain was so great that no anodyne could relieve it.

anoint

v

기름을 바르다; (교회)성유(聖油)를 뿌려 정하게 하다

consecrate

The prophet Samuel anointed David with oil, crowning him king of Israel.

anomalous

a

변칙적인; 이례적인, 예외적인

abnormal; irregular

She was placed in the anomalous position of seeming to approve procedures that she despised.

anomaly

n

변칙, 예외

irregularity

A bird that cannot fly is an anomaly.

anonymity

n

익명, 무명, 작자 불명

state of being nameless; anonymousness

The donor of the gift asked the college not to mention her by name; the dean readily agreed to respect her anonymity.

antagonism

n

적대심, 적의; 대립, 반대

hostility; active resistance

Barry showed his antagonism toward his new stepmother by ignoring her whenever she tried talking to him.

antecede

v

선행하다, 앞서다

precede

The invention of the radiotelegraph anteceded the development of television by a quarter of a century.

antediluvian

a

예스러운, 고풍의; 태고의, 원시시대의

antiquated; extremely ancient

Looking at his great-aunt's antique furniture, which must have been cluttering up her attic since before Noah’s flood, the young heir exclaimed, "Heavens! How positively antediluvian!"

anthem

n

축가, 송가; 찬송가, 성가

song of praise or patriotism

Let us how now all join in singing the national anthem.

anthology

n

명시선집; (한 작가의)선집, 작품집

book of literary selections by various authors

The anthology of science fiction was compiled by the late Isaac Asimov.

anthropoid

a

유인원의

manlike

The gorilla is the strongest of the anthropoid animals.

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anthropologist

n

인류학자

student of the history and science of humankind

Anthropologists have discovered several relics of prehistoric humans in this area.

anthropomorphic

a

인간의 형상을 한

having human form or characteristics

Primitive religions often have deities with anthropomorphic characteristics.

anticlimax

n

점강법(漸降法); 용두사미

letdown in thought or emotion

After the fine performance in the first act, the rest of the play was an anticlimax.

antidote

n

해독제, 소독약

remedy to counteract a poison or disease

When Marge's child accidentally swallowed some cleaning fluid, the local poison control hotline instructed Marge how to administer the antidote.

antipathy

n

혐오감; (뿌리깊은)반감

aversion; dislike

Tom's extreme antipathy for disputes keeps him from getting into arguments with his temperamental wife. Noise in any form is antipathetic to him. Among his other antipathies are honking cars, boom boxes, and heavy metal rock.

antiquated

a

낡은, 구식의; 못 쓰게 된, 시대에 뒤진

obsolete; outdated

Accustomed to editing his papers on word processors, Philip thought typewriters were too antiquated for him to use.

antiseptic

n

방부제

substance that prevents infection

It is advisable to apply an antiseptic to any wound, no matter how slight or insignificant.

antithesis

n

대조, 대립; 정반대; 대조법

contrast; direct opposite of or to

This tyranny was the antithesis of all that he had hoped for, and he fought it with all his strength.

anvil

n

모루

iron block used in hammering out metals

After heating the iron horseshoe in the forge, the blacksmith picked it up with his tongs and set it on the anvil.

apathy

n

무감동, 냉담, 무관심

lack of caring; indifference

a firm believer in democratic government, she could not understand the apathy of people who never bothered to vote.

ape

v

흉내내다

imitate or mimic

In the comedy Young Frankenstein, when the servant Igor limps off, saying, "Walk this way," the hero apes him, hobbling after Igor in an imitation of his walk.

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aperture

n

구멍, 째진 틈

opening; hole

She discovered a small aperture in the wall, through which the insects had entered the room.

apex

n

정점, 꼭대기; 최고점, 극점

tip; summit; climax

At the apex of his career, the star received offers of leading roles daily; two years later, he was reduced to taking bit parts in B-movies.

aphasia

n

실어증(失語症)

loss of speech due to injury or illness

After the automobile accident, the victim had periods of aphasia when he could not speak at all or could only mumble incoherently.

aphorism

n

금언, 격언, 잠언, 경구

pithy maxim or saying

An aphorism is usually philosophic or scientific, as compared to an adage, which is usually more homely and concrete. "Absolute power corrupts absolutely" is an aphorism. " You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink" is an adage.

apiary

n

양봉장, 꿀벌 사육장

a place where bees are kept

Although he spent many hours daily in the apiary, he was very seldom stung by a bee.

aplomb

n

태연자약, 침착, 평정

poise; assurance

Gwen's aplomb in handling potentially embarrassing moments was legendary around the office; when one of her clients broke a piece of her best crystal, she coolly picked up her own goblet and hurled it into the fireplace.

apocalyptic

a

묵시의, 계시록의

prophetic; pertaining to revelations

The crowd jeered at the street preacher's apocalyptic predictions of doom. The Apocalypse or Book of Revelations of Saint John prophesies the end of the world as we know it and foretells marvels and prodigies that signal the coming doom.

apocryphal

a

(작품 등의)작자나 출처가 의심스러운; 가짜의, 위작의

untrue; made up

To impress his friends, Tom invented apocryphal tales of his adventures in the big city.

apogee

n

최고지점, 극점, 정점; 원지점(遠地點)

highest point

When the moon in its orbit is furthest away from the earth, it is at its apogee.

apolitical

a

정치에 무관심한, 정치적으로 중요하지 않은

having an aversion or lack of concern for political affairs

It was hard to remain apolitical during the Vietnam War; even people who generally ignored public issues felt they had to take political stands.

apologist

n

변명자; 호교론자(護敎論者)

one who writes in defense of a cause or institution

Rather than act as an apologist for the current regime in Beijing and defend its brutal actions, the young diplomat decided to defect to the west.

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apostate

n

배교자, 배신자, 변절자, 탈당자

one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

Because he switched from one party to another, his former friends shunned him as an apostate.

apothecary

n

약제사

druggist

In Holland, apothecaries still sell spices as well as ointments and pills.

apothegm

n

경구, 격언, 잠언

pithy, compact saying

Proverbs are apothegms that have become familiar sayings.

apotheosis

n

신격화; 이상적인 것(사람)

elevation to godhood; an ideal example of something

The apotheosis of a Roman emperor was designed to insure his eternal greatness

appall

v

소름끼치게 하다, 섬뜩하게 하다

dismay; shock

We were appalled by the horrifying conditions in the city's jails.

apparition

n

유령; 환영

ghost; phantom

Hamlet was uncertain about the identity of the apparition that had appeared and spoken to him.

appease

v

<식욕, 공복 등을> 만족시키다, 달래다

pacify; soothe

We have discovered that, when we try to appease our enemies, we encourage them to make additional demands.

appellation

n

명칭; 통칭

name; title

He was amazed when the witches hailed him with his correct appellation.

append

v

덧붙이다

attach

I shall append this chart to my report.

application

n

열심, 몰두

diligent attention

Pleased with how well Tom had whitewashed the fence, Aunt Polly praised him for his application.(secondary meaning)

apposite

a

적절한

appropriate; fitting

He was always able to find the apposite phrase, the correct expression for every occasion.

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appraise

v

<물건, 재산을>값매기다

estimate value of

It is difficult to appraise the value of old paintings; it is easier to call them priceless.

appreciate

v

고맙게 생각하다, 진가를 인정하다, 올바르게 인식하다

be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of

Little Orphan Annie truly appreciated the stocks Daddy Warbucks gave her, whose value appreciated considerably over the years.

apprehend

v

체포하다; 깨닫다

arrest(a criminal); perceive

The police will apprehend the culprit before long.

apprehensive

a

우려하여; 통찰력이 있는

fearful; discerning

His apprehensive glances at the people who were walking in the street revealed his nervousness.

apprise

v

<사람에게 ~를 >통고하다

inform

When he was apprised of the dangerous weather conditions, he decided to postpone his trip.

approbation

n

승인

approval

She looked for some sign of approbation from her parents.

appropriate

v

<공공물을>전유하다, 빼앗다

acquire; take possession of for one's own use

The ranch owners appropriated the lands that had originally been set aside for the Indians' use.

appurtenances

n

부속물

subordinate possessions

He bought the estate and all its appurtenances.

apropos

p

~에 관하여

with reference to; regarding

I find your remarks apropos of the present situation timely and pertinent.

aptitude

n

적절함; 재능

fitness; talent

The counselor gave him an aptitude test before advising him about the career he should follow.

aquiline

a

갈고리 모양으로 굽은

curved, hooked

He can be recognized by his aquiline nose, curved like the beak of the eagle.

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arable

a

경작할 수 있는, 경지의

fit for growing crops

The first settlers wrote home glowing reports of the New World, praising its vast acres of arable land ready for the plow.

arbiter

n

중재인, 조정자

person with power to decide a matter in dispute; judge

As an arbiter in labor disputes, she has won the confidence of the workers and the employers.

arbitrary

a

변덕스러운, 제멋대로인; 전제적인, 독단적인; 임의의

unreasonable or capricious; tyrannical

The coach claimed the team lost because the umpire made some arbitrary calls.

arbitrate

v

중재(조정)하다; (중재자로서)재결하다

act as judge

She was called upon to arbitrate the dispute between the union and the management.

arboretum

n

식물원

place where different varieties of trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited

Walking along the tree-lined paths of the arboretum, Rita noted poplars, firs, and some particularly fine sycamores.

arcade

n

아케이드(지붕있는 상가)

a covered passageway, usually lined with shops

The arcade was popular with shoppers because it gave them protection from the summer sun and the winter rain.

arcane

a

비밀의

secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated

Secret brotherhoods surround themselves with arcane rituals and trappings to mystify outsiders. So do doctors. Consider the arcane terminology they use and the impression they try to give that what is arcane to us is obvious to them.

archaeology

n

고고학, 고대사

study of artifacts and relics of early mankind

The professor of archaeology headed an expedition to the Gobi Desert in search of ancient ruins.

archaic

a

고대의; 고풍의

antiquated

"Me thinks," "thee," and "thou" are archaic words that are no longer part of our normal vocabulary.

archetype

n

원형, 모범

prototype; primitive pattern

The Brooklyn Bridge was the archetype of the many spans that now connect Manhattan with Long Island and New Jersey.

archipelago

n

군도; 군도가 있는 해역

group of closely located islands

When he looked at the map and saw the archipelagoes in the South Seas, he longed to visit them.

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archives

n

공문서; 공문서 보관소

public records; place where public records are kept

These documents should be part of the archives so that historians may be able to evaluate them in the future.

ardor

n

정열, 열성; 열기

heat; passion; zeal

Katya's ardor was contagious; soon all her fellow demonstrators were busily making posters and handing out flyers, inspired by her ardent enthusiasm for the cause.

arduous

a

힘드는, 곤란한; 정력적인, 끈기있는

hard; strenuous

Her arduous efforts had sapped her energy.

argot

n

암호말, 변말, 은어, 곁말

slang; jargon

In the argot of the underworld, she "was taken for a ride."

aria

n

아리아(가극, 오라토리오 중의 반주가 따르는 서정적인 독창가곡)

operatic solo

At her Metropolitan Opera audition, Marian Anderson sang an aria from Norma.

arid

a

마른, 습기가 없는; 불모의, 메마른

dry; barren

The cactus has adapted to survive in an arid environment.

aristocracy

n

귀족, 명문; 귀족사회

hereditary nobility; privileged class

Americans have mixed feelings about hereditary aristocracy. we say all men are created equal, but we describe particularly outstanding people as natural aristocrats.

armada

n

함대

fleet of warships

Queen Elizabeth's navy was able to defeat the mighty armada that threatened the English coast.

aromatic

a

향기로운

fragrant

Medieval sailing vessels brought aromatic herbs from China to Europe.

arraign

v

소환하여 심문하다; 고발(고소, 기소)하다; 비난하다

change in court; indict

After his indictment by the Grand Jury, the accused man was arraigned in the County Criminal Court.

array

v

정렬시키다

marshal; draw up in order

His actions were bound to array public sentiment against him.

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array

v

성장(盛裝)시키다, 곱게 차려 입히다

clothe; adorn

She liked to watch her mother array herself in her finest clothes before going out for the evening.

arrears

n

미불금, 연체금, 부채; (의무, 약속 따위의)지연, 지체

being in debt

He was in arrears with his payments on the car.

arrhythmic

a

불규칙한

lacking rhythm or regularity

The doctors feared his arrhythmic heartbeat might be the first symptom of an imminent heart attack.

arrogance

n

거만, 오만, 건방짐

pride; haughtiness

Convinced that Emma thought she was better than anyone else in the class, Ed rebuked her for her arrogance.

arroyo

n

계곡, 협곡

gully

Until the heavy rains of the past spring, this arroyo had been a dry bed.

arsenal

n

무기고, 병기창, 군수창고

storage place for military equipment

People are forbidden to smoke in the arsenal lest a stray spark set off the munitions stored there.

articulate

a

명료한, 분명한

effective; distinct

Her articulate presentation of the advertising campaign impressed her employers.

artifact

n

인공물(人工物)

object made by human beings, either handmade or mass-produced

Archaeologists debated the significance of the artifacts discovered in the ruins of Asia Minor but came to no conclusion about the culture they represented.

artifice

n

책략, 술책

deception; trickery

The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunning and artifice were often more effective than military might.

artisan

n

(미술)공예가, 장인

a manually skilled worker

Artists and artisans alike are necessary to the development of a culture.

artless

a

속임수가 없는, 솔직한, 순진한; 자연스러운

without guile; open and honest

Red Riding Hood's artless comment, "Grandma, what big eyes you have!" indicates the child's innocent surprise at her "grandmother's" changed appearance.

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ascendancy

n

권세, 우세, 지배

controlling influence

President Marcos failed to maintain his ascendancy over the Philippines.

ascertain

v

확인(규명, 확정)하다

find out for certain

Please ascertain her present address.

ascetic

a

금욕주의의; 고행의; 엄하게 절제하는

practicing self-denial; austere

The wealthy, self-indulgent young man felt oddly drawn to the strict, ascetic life led by members of some monastic orders.

ascribe

v

(원인)을 ~에 돌리다; (성질, 특징)을 ~에 속하는 것으로 생각하다(돌리다)

refer; attribute; assign

I can ascribe no motive for her acts.

aseptic

a

무균의, 방부성의; 무균법의

preventing infection; having a cleansing effect

Hospitals succeeded in lowering the mortality rate as soon as they introduced aseptic conditions.

ashen

a

잿빛의

ash-colored; deadly pale

Her face was ashen with fear.

asinine

a

우둔한, 완고한, 나귀 같은

stupid

Your asinine remarks prove that you have not given this problem any serious consideration.

askance

a

곁눈으로, 비스듬히; 미심쩍은 눈으로

with a sideways or indirect look

Looking askance at her questioner, she displayed her scorn.

askew

a

비스듬한, 기운, 일그러진

crookedly; slanted; at an angle

When the clown placed his hat askew upon his head, the children in the audience laughed.

asperity

n

(천성, 기질의)거침, 가혹, 무뚝뚝함; (처지 따위의)어려움, 고난

sharpness (of temper)

These remarks, spoken with asperity, stung the boys to whom they had been directed.

aspersion

n

중상, 비방, 비난

slanderous remark

Do not cast aspersions on her character.

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aspirant

n

(승진, 명예, 지위의)열망자; 지원자

seeker after position or status

Although I am an aspirant for public office, I am not willing to accept the dictates of the party bosses.

aspire

v

열망하다, 대망을 품다

seek to attain; long for

Because he aspired to a career in professional sports, Philip enrolled in a graduate program in sports management.

assail

v

공격(습격, 엄습)하다, 비난하다

assault

He was assailed with questions after his lecture.

assay

v

시금(試金)하다, 시험(분석)하다; 평가하다

analyze; evaluate

When they assayed the ore, they found that they had discovered a very rich vein.

assent

v

동의(찬성)하다

agree; accept

It gives me great pleasure to assent to your request.

assert

v

단언하다, 우기다; (권리 따위)를 주장하다; 옹호하다

state strongly or positively; insist on or demand recognition of (rights, claims, etc.)

When Jill asserted that nobody else in the junior class had such an early curfew, her parents asserted themselves, telling her that if she didn't get home by nine o'clock she would be grounded for the week.

assessment

n

평가; (벌금의)부과; (재산, 수입의)사정(査定)

estimation; appraisal

I would like to have your assessment of the situation in South Africa.

assiduous

a

근면한, 지칠 줄 모르는, 바지런한, 헌신적인

diligent

It took Rembrandt weeks of assiduous labor before he was satisfied with his portrait of his son.

assimilate

v

동화(융합)하다, 일치시키다

absorb; cause to become homogeneous

The manner in which the United States was able to assimilate the hordes of immigrants during the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries will always be a source of pride.

assuage

v

(고통, 노여움, 불안 따위)를 완화(경감)하다; (욕망, 식욕 따위)를 만족시키다, 채우다; (남)을 달래다

ease, lessen, soothe, appease, mollify

Jilted by Jane, Dick tried to assuage his heartache by indulging in ice cream. One gallon later, he had assuaged his appetite but not his grief.

assumption

n

가정, 억설; 인수하기, 떠맡기; (태도 따위를)가장하기

something taken for granted; the taking over or taking possession of

The young princess made the foolish assumption that the regent would not object to her assumption of power.

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assurance

n

보증, 보장; 확신; 자신

promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence

When Guthrie gave Guinness his assurance that rehearsals were going well. he spoke with such assurance that Guinness was convinced.

asteroid

n

소행성

small planet

Asteroids have become commonplace to the readers of interstellar travel stories in science fiction magazines.

astigmatism

n

난시

eye defect that prevents proper focus

As soon as his parents discovered that the boy suffered from astigmatism, they took him to the optometrist for corrective glasses.

astral

a

별의; 별로 이루어진; 방사상의

relating to the stars, sidereal

She was amazed at the number of astral bodies the new telescope revealed.

astringent

a

수렴(긴축)시키는, 수렴성의; 엄한, 격심한; (맛이)떫은

binding; causing contraction; harsh or severe

The astringent quality of the unsweetened lemon juice made swallowing difficult.

astronomical

a

(수, 거리, 양 따위가)거대(방대)한, 천문학적인

enormously large or extensive

The government seemed willing to spend astronomical sums on weapons development.

astute

a

통찰력이 날카로운; 기민한; 빈틈없는; 교활한

wise; shrewd; keen

The painter was an astute observer, noticing every tiny detail of her model's appearance and knowing exactly how important each one was.

asunder

d

낱낱으로(산산이); 따로따로(의), 떨어져, 떨어진

into parts; apart

a fierce quarrel split the partnership asunder

asylum

n

보호소, 수용소; 은신처, 도피처; 피난, 망명, 보호

place of refuge or shelter; protection

The refugees sought asylum from religious persecution in a new land.

asymmetric

a

불균형의, 부조화의, 비대칭적인

not identical on both sides of a diving central line

Because one eyebrow was set markedly higher than the other, William's face had a particularly asymmetric appearance.

atavism

n

격세유전; (이전의 양식으로)돌아감

resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; reversion to an earlier type; throwback

In his love for gardening, Martin seemed an atavism to his Tuscan ancestors who lavished great care on their small plots of soil.

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atheistic

a

무신론(자)의

denying the existence of God

His atheistic remarks shocked the religious worshippers.

atone

v

보상하다, 갚다, 속죄하다

make amends for; pay for

He knew no way in which he could atone for his brutal crime.

atrocity

n

극악, 흉악, 잔학; 악행, 잔학행위

brutal deed

In time of war, many atrocities are committed by invading armies.

atrophy

n

(기능의)퇴화, 쇠퇴

wasting away

Polio victims need physiotherapy to prevent the atrophy of affected limbs.

attentive

a

주의깊은, 조심성 있는; 정중한, 친절한

alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful

Spellbound, the attentive audience watched the final game of the tennis match, never taking their eyes from the ball. a cold wind sprang up; Stan's attentive daughter slipped a sweater over his shoulders without distracting his attention from the game.

attenuate

v

가늘게 하다, 작게하다, 묽게하다; 줄이다, 희석하다

make thin; weaken

By withdrawing their forces, the generals hoped to attenuate the enemy lines.

attest

v

입증(증명, 증언)하다; ~의 증거가 되다, 진실성을 나타내다

testify; bear witness

Having served as a member of a grand jury, I can attest that our system of indicting individuals is in need of improvement.

attribute

v

(원인으로서)~에 돌리다, ~의 탓으로 하다, ~의 덕분으로 돌리다; (성질 따위)가 있다고 생각하다; (

ascribe; explain

I attribute her success in science to the encouragement she received from her parents.

attribute

n

속성, 특질; 부속물, 표상

essential quality

His outstanding attribute was his kindness.

attrition

n

(인원의)자연 감소; 마찰, 마멸

gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the work force without firing employees; wearing aw

In the 1960s urban churches suffered from attrition as members moved from the cities to the suburbs. Rather than fire staff members, church leaders followed a policy of attrition, allowing elderly workers to retire without replacing them.

atypical

a

불규칙한, 이상한; 정형에 맞지않는

not normal

The child psychiatrist reassured Mrs. Keaton that playing doctor was not atypical behavior for a child of young Alex's age. "Perhaps not," she replied, "but charging for house calls is!"

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audacious

a

대담한, 겁이 없는

daring; bold

Audiences cheered as Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia made their audacious, death-defying leap to freedom and escaped Darth Vader's troops.

audit

n

감사; 회계감사; 결산서, 회계보고

examination of accounts

When the bank examiners arrived to hold their annual audit, they discovered the embezzlements of the chief cashier.

augment

v

크게 하다, 증가시키다

increase; add to

Armies augment their forces by calling up reinforcements; teachers augment their salaries by taking odd jobs.

augury

n

전조, 조짐; 복점, 길흉판단

omen; prophecy

He interpreted the departure of the birds as an augury of evil.

august

a

당당한, 위엄있는; 존경할 만한

impressive; majestic; venerable

Visiting the palace at Versailles, she was impressed by the august surroundings in which she found herself.

aureole

n

(천문)광관(光冠); (성상의)후광

sun's corona; halo

Many medieval paintings depict saintly characters with aureoles around their heads.

auroral

a

극광의, 오로라의; 서광의, 새벽의

pertaining to the aurora borealis

The auroral display was particularly spectacular that evening.

auspicious

a

길조의, 전조가 좋은, 행운의, 순조로운, 잘 되어가는

favoring success; propitious

With favorable weather conditions, it was an auspicious moment to set sail. Thomas, however, had doubts about sailing

austere

a

준엄한, 엄숙한, 위엄있는; 엄격한, 금욕적인; 아주 간소한, 꾸밈없는

forbiddingly stern; severely simple and unornamented

The headmaster's demeanor tended to scare off the more timid students, who never visited his study willingly. The room reflected the man, austere and bare, like a monk's cell, with no touches of luxury to moderate its austerity.

authenticate

v

(그림, 서적 따위)의 진짜임을 증명하다; 인증하다

prove genuine

An expert was needed to authenticate the original Van Gogh painting, distinguishing it from its imitation.

authoritarian

a

권위주의의, 독재주의의

subordinating the individual to the state; completely dominating another's will

The leaders of the democratic protest movement. After years of submitting to the will of her authoritarian father, Elizabeth Barrett ran away from home with the poet Robert Browning.

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authoritative

a

권위있는, 믿을만한; 당국의, 관헌의

having the weight of authority; peremptory

Impressed by the young researcher's well-documented presentation, we accepted her analysis of the experiment as authoritative.

autocratic

a

전제의, 독재의

having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial

a person accustomed to exercising authority may become autocratic if his or her power is unchecked. Dictators by definition are autocrats. Bosses who dictate behavior as well as letters can be autocrats too.

automaton

n

자동인형, 로봇; 순전히 기계적으로 행동하는 사람

mechanism that imitates actions of humans

Long before science fiction readers became aware of robots, writers were creating stories of automatons who could outperform humans.

autonomous

a

자치의, 자치적인; 자율적인

self-governing

Although the University of California at Berkeley is just one part of the state university system, in many ways Cal Berkeley is autonomous, for it runs several programs that are not subject to outside control.

autopsy

n

검시, 부검; 현장검증

examination of a dead body; postmortem

The medical examiner ordered an autopsy to determine the cause of death.

auxiliary

a

돕는, 원조하는, 보조의; 부차적인, 부가적인

offering or providing help; additional or subsidiary

To prepare for the emergency, they built an auxiliary power station.

avalanche

n

(눈, 토사, 암석 따위의)사태

great mass of falling snow and ice; landslide

The park ranger warned the skiers to stay on the main trails, where they would be in no danger of being buried beneath a sudden avalanche.

avarice

n

탐욕, 허욕

greediness for wealth

King Midas is a perfect example of avarice; he was so greedy that he wished everything he touched would turn to gold.

avenge

v

복수를 하다, 원수를 갚다, 보복을 하다

take vengeance for something (or on behalf of someone)

Hamlet vowed he would avenge his father's murder and punish Claudius for his horrible crime.

aver

v

확언(단언)하다, 언명(주장)하다; 증언하다

state confidently

I wish to aver that I am certain of success.

averse

a

마지못해 하는; 싫어하는, 꺼리는

reluctant; disinclined

The reporter was averse to revealing the source of his information.

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aversion

n

몹시 싫음, 혐오, 반감

firm dislike

Bert had an aversion to yuppies; Alex had an aversion to punks. Their mutual aversion was so great that they refused to speak to one another.

avert

v

막다, 피하다; ~을 돌리다, 비키다

prevent; turn away

She averted her eyes from the dead cat on the highway.

aviary

n

큰 새장

enclosure for birds

The aviary at the zoo held nearly 300 birds.

avid

a

탐욕스러운, 열망하는; 열심인, 열광적인

greedy; eager for

He was avid for learning and read everything he could get.

avocation

n

부업, 취미삼아 하는 일; 소일거리

secondary or minor occupation

His hobby proved to be so fascinating and profitable that gradually he abandoned his regular occupation and concentrated on his avocation.

avow

v

공언하다; 솔직히 말하다

declare openly

Lana avowed that she never meant to steal Debbie's boyfriend, but no one believed her avowal of innocence.

avuncular

a

아저씨의; 아저씨 같은

like an uncle

Avuncular pride did not prevent him from noticing his nephew's shortcomings.

awe

n

경외

solemn wonder

The tourists gazed with awe at the tremendous expanse of the Grand Canyon.

awl

n

송곳

pointed tool used for piercing

She used an awl to punch additional holes in the leather belt she had bought.

awry

a

뒤틀어져; 구부러져

distorted; crooked

He held his head awry, giving the impression that he had caught cold in his neck during the night.

axiom

n

원리, 공리, 증명을 필요로 하지않는 자명한 진리

self-evident truth requiring no proof; truism

Before a student can begin to think along the lines of Euclidean geometry, he must accept certain principles or axioms.

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azure

a

하늘빛

sky blue

Azure skies are indicative of good weather.

babble

v

<어린애들의>서투른 말로 종알거리다

chatter idly, prattle, prate

The little girl babbled about her doll.

badger

v

(장난삼아)집적대다; 괴롭히다

pester; annoy

She was forced to change her telephone number because she was badgered by obscene phone calls.

badinage

n

농담

teasing conversation

Her friends at work greeted the news of her engagement with cheerful badinage.

baffle

v

<계획, 노력 등을>좌절시키다; 당황하게 하다

frustrate; perplex, nonplus

The new code baffled the enemy agents.

bagatelle

n

하찮은 것

trifle

Trying to reassure Roxanne about his wound, Cyrano claimed it was a mere bagatelle.

bait

v

괴롭히다; 집적거리다

harass; tease

The soldiers baited the prisoners, terrorizing them.

baleful

a

해로운; 불길한

deadly; destructive

The drought was a baleful omen.

balk

v

방해하다

foil

When the warden learned that several inmates were planning to escape, he took steps to balk their attempt.

ballast

n

바닥짐 (배에 실은 짐이 적을때 배의 안전을 위하여 바닥에 싣는 돌, 모래. 안정의 상징으로도 사용됨

heavy substance used to add stability or weight

The ship was listing badly to one side; it was necessary to shift the ballast in the hold to get her back on an even keel.

balm

n

진통제

something that relieves pain

Friendship is the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love.

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balmy

a

향유의; 향기로운

mild; fragrant

A balmy breeze refreshed us after the sultry blast.

banal

a

진부한; 평범한

hackneyed; commonplace; trite

His frequent use of cliches made his essay seem banal.

bane

n

파멸의 원인

cause of ruin

Lack of public transportation is the bane of urban life.

baneful

a

유독한; 유해한

ruinous; poisonous

His baneful influence was feared by all.

bantering

a

농담 섞인, 장난의

good-naturedly ridiculing

They resented his bantering remarks because they misinterpreted his teasing as sarcasm.

bard

n

시인; (고대 켈트족의)음유시인

minstrel, wandering poet

The ancient bard Homer sang of the fall of Troy.

barefaced

v

뻔뻔스러운, 철면피한; 노골적인

shameless; bold; unconcealed

Shocked by Huck Finn's barefaced lies, Miss Watson prayed the good Lord would give him a sense of his unregenerate wickedness.

baroque

a

지나치게 장식한; 기괴한; 바로크식의

highly ornate

Accustomed to the severe, angular lines of modern skyscrapers, they found the flamboyance of baroque architecture amusing.

barrage

n

탄막, 일제 엄호사격; 연속안타

barrier laid down by artillery fire; overwhelming profusion

The company was forced to retreat through the barrage of heavy cannons.

barrister

n

법정 변호사; 법률가

counselor-at-law

Galsworthy started as a barrister, but, when he found the practice of law boring, turned to writing.

barterer

n

물물 교환자

trader

The barterer exchanged trinkets for the natives' furs.

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bask

v

(햇볕이나 난로불 따위)를 쬐다; (애정, 은혜, 행복 따위)를 입다

luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth

Basking on the beach, she relaxed so completely that she fell asleep.

bastion

n

요새, 성채

stronghold; something seen as a source of protection

The villagers fortified the town hall, hoping this improvised bastion could protect them from the guerrilla raids.

bate

v

감하다; (숨을)죽이다, 제한하다, 억제하다

let down; restrain

Until it was time to open the presents, the children had to bate their curiosity.

bauble

n

겉만 번지르르한 싸구려 물건; 시시한 것; 장난감

trinket; trifle

The child was delighted with the bauble she had won in the grab bag.

bawdy

a

외설적인, 음란한

indecent; obscene

Jack took offense at Jill's bawdy remarks. What kind of young man did she think he was?

beatific

a

축복을 주는; 행복에 넘친

giving bliss; blissful

The beatific smile on the child's face made us very happy.

beatitude

n

지복, 더없는 행복, 축복

blessedness; state of bliss

Growing closer to God each day, the mystic achieved a state of indescribable beatitude.

bedizen

v

(화려하게)치장하다

dress with vulgar finery

The witch doctors were bedizened in their gaudiest costumes.

bedraggle

v

흠뻑 젖다; 더럽게 하다

wet thoroughly

We were so bedraggled by the severe storm that we had to change into dry clothing.

beeline

n

일직선의 최단거리

direct, quick route

As soon as the movie was over, Jim made a beeline for the exit.

befuddle

v

(감언, 달변으로)어리둥절하게 하다; 만취시키다

confuse thoroughly

His attempts to clarify the situation succeeded only in befuddling her further.

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beget

v

(아버지가 자식을)보다, 낳다; (결과로서)생기게 하다

father; produce; give rise to

One good turn may deserve another; it does not necessarily beget another.

begrudge

v

아까워하다, 주기 싫어하다; 부러워하다, 시기하다

resent

I begrudge every minute I have to spend attending meetings.

beguile

v

(어린아이 등)을 기쁘게 하다, 위로하다; 현혹시키다; ~을 속이다

mislead or delude; cheat; pass time

With flattery and big talk of easy money, the corn men beguiled Kyle into betting his allowance on the shell game. The men quickly beguiled poor Kyle of his money. Broke, he beguiled himself during the long hours by playing solitaire.

behemoth

n

거대한 짐승; 거인

huge creature; something of monstrous size or power

Sportscasters nicknamed the linebacker "The Behemoth."

beholden

a

은혜를 입은, 신세를 진

obligated; indebted

Since I do not wish to be beholden to anyone, I cannot accept this favor.

behoove

v

~에 어울리다; (~함이)마땅하다

be suited to; be incumbent upon

In this time of crisis, it behooves all of us to remain calm and await the instructions of our superiors.

belabor

v

집요하게 공격하다; 세게 치다, 때리다

explain or go over excessively or to a ridiculous degree; assail verbally

The debate coach warned her student not to bore the audience by belaboring his point.

belated

a

때늦은, 늦어진

delayed

He apologized for his belated note of condolence to the window of his friend and explained that he had just learned of her husband's untimely death.

beleaguer

v

포위(공격)하다; 둘러싸다, ~을 괴롭히다

besiege or attack; harass

The babysitter was surrounded by a crowd of unmanageable brats who relentlessly beleaguered her.

belie

v

허위임을 나타내다, ~을 잘못 전하다

contradict; give a false impression

His coarse, hard-bitten exterior belied his innate sensitivity.

belittle

v

얕보다, 흠잡다; 가치를 떨어뜨리다

disparage; depreciate

Parents should not belittle their children's early attempts at drawing, but should encourage their efforts.

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bellicose

a

싸움을 좋아하는, 호전적인

warlike

His bellicose disposition alienated his friends.

belligerent

a

싸움을 좋아하는, 툭하면 싸우는; 전쟁의, 교전국의

quarrelsome

Whenever he had too much to drink, he became belligerent and tried to pick fights with strangers.

bemoan

v

애도하다, 비탄에 잠기다

lament; express disapproval of

The widow bemoaned the death of her beloved husband. Although critics bemoaned the serious flaws in the author's novels, each year his latest book topped the best-seller list.

bemused

a

멍한, 넋이 나간; 생각에 잠긴

confused; lost in thought; preoccupied

Jill studied the garbled instructions with a bemused look on her face.

benediction

n

축복; (식전, 식후의)감사기도

blessing

The appearance of the sun after the many rainy days was like a benediction.

benefactor

n

재산 기증자; 은인, (학교 따위의)후원자

gift giver; patron

Scrooge later became Tiny Tim's benefactor and gave him gifts.

beneficent

a

친절한; 은혜를 베푸는, 자비로운

kindly; doing good

The overgenerous philanthropist had to curb his beneficent impulses before he gave away all his money and left himself with nothing.

beneficial

a

유용한; 도움을 주는

helpful; useful

Tiny Tim's cheerful good nature had a beneficial influence on Scrooge's once-uncharitable disposition.

beneficiary

n

이익(은혜)을 받는 사람; (유산, 연금, 보험금 등의)수령인

person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or will

In Scrooge's will, he made Tiny Tim his beneficiary

benevolent

a

자애로운, 인정 많은

generous; charitable

Mr. Fezziwig was a benevolent employer who wished to make Christmas merrier for young Scrooge and his other employees.

benign

a

자애로운, 친절한, 상냥한

kindly; favorable; not malignant

Though her benign smile and gentle bearing made Miss Marple seem a sweet little old lady, in reality she was a tough-minded, shrewd observer of human nature.

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benison

n

축도, 축복

blessing

Let us pray that the benison of peace once more shall prevail among the nations of the world.

bent

a

열중한, 결심한; 경향, 성향, 취향

determined; natural talent or inclination

Bent on advancing in the business world, the secretary-heroine of Working Girl had a true bent for high finance.

bequeath

v

(동산)을 유언으로 물려주다, 유증하다; 후세에 남기다

leave to someone by means of a will; hand down

In his will, Father bequeathed his watch to Philip; the bequest meant a great deal to the boy.

berate

v

심하게 꾸짖다

scold strongly

He feared she would berate him for his forgetfulness.

bereavement

n

(육친 등이)먼저 세상을 떠남, 사별

state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved

His friends gathered to console him upon his sudden bereavement.

bereft

a

(물건 등을)빼앗긴; 사별한

deprived of; lacking

The foolish gambler soon found himself bereft of funds.

berserk

a

미친, 광포한

frenzied

Angered, he went berserk and began to wreck the room.

beseech

v

간청하다

beg; plead with

The workaholic executive's wife beseeched him to spend more time with their son.

beset

v

괴롭히다; 공격하다

harass or trouble; hem in

Many vexing problems beset the American public school system. Sleeping Beauty's castle was beset on all sides by dense thickets that hid it from view.

besiege

v

포위하다; 괴롭히다

surround with armed forces; harass (with requests)

When the bandits besieged the village, the villagers holed up in the town hall and prepared to withstand a long siege. Members of the new administration were besieged with job applications from people who had worked on the campaign.

besmirch

v

(명예, 명성, 인격 등을)더럽히다, 욕되게 하다

soil, defile

The scandalous remarks in the newspaper besmirch the reputations of every member of the society.

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bestial

a

짐승의, 야수적인; 무지한, 천한

beastlike; brutal; inhuman

According to legend, the werewolf was able to abandon its human shape and assume a bestial form. The Red Cross sought to put an end to the bestial treatment of prisoners of war.

bestow

v

수여(증여)하다

confer

He wished to bestow great honors upon the hero.

betoken

v

나타내다, 예시하다

signify; indicate

The well-equipped docks, tall piles of cargo containers, and numerous vessels being loaded all betoken Oakland's importance as a port.

betray

v

배반하다, (신뢰)를 저버리다, 속이다; 폭로하다, 무심코 드러내다

be unfaithful; reveal (unconsciously or unwillingly)

The spy betrayed his country by selling military secrets to the enemy. When he was taken in for questioning, the tightness of his lips betrayed his fear of incriminating himself.

betroth

v

약혼시키다

become engaged to marry

The announcement that they had become betrothed surprised their friends who had not suspected any romance.

bevy

n

(새, 사슴 따위의)떼; (소녀, 부인의)작은 무리

large group

The movie actor was surrounded by a bevy of starlets.

bicameral

a

상하 양원제의

two-chambered, as a legislative body

The United States Congress is a bicameral body.

bicker

v

언쟁하다, 하찮은 일로 말다툼하다

quarrel

The children bickered morning, noon and night, exasperating their parents.

biennial

a

2년마다의; 2년 계속되는; 2년생의

every two years

Seeing no need to meet more frequently, the group held biennial meetings instead of annual ones. Plants that bear flowers biennially are known as biennials.

bifurcated

a

두 갈래의, 두 갈래로 나누어진

divided into two branches; forked

With a bifurcated branch and a piece of elastic rubber, he made a crude but effective slingshot.

bigotry

n

고집, 편협

stubborn intolerance

Brought up in a democratic atmosphere, the student was shocked by the bigotry and narrowness expressed by several of his classmates.

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bilious

a

담즙 이상에서 생기는; 성미 까다로운

suffering from indigestion; irritable

His bilious temperament was apparent to all who heard him rant about his difficulties.

bilk

v

속이다, 사기치다

swindle; cheat

The con man specialized in bilking insurance companies.

billowing

a

부풀어 오른, 불룩한; 놀처럼 파도치는, 소용돌이치는

swelling out in waves; surging

Standing over the air vent, Marilyn Monroe tried vainly to control her billowing skirts.

bivouac

n

야영(지), 노숙

temporary encampment

While in bivouac, we spent the night in our sleeping bags under the stars.

bizarre

a

기괴한, 별난, 괴이한; (색깔이)두드러지게 대조되는

fantastic; violently contrasting

The plot of the novel was too bizarre to be believed.

blanch

v

희게 하다, 바래다, 표백하다

bleach; whiten

Although age had blanched his hair, he was still vigorous and energetic.

bland

a

(약, 담배 따위가)순한; (기후가)온화한; (말씨, 태도가)상냥한, 부드러운

soothing or mild; agreeable

Jill tried a bland ointment for her sunburn. However, when Jack absentmindedly patted her on the sunburned shoulder, she couldn't maintain her bland persona.

blandishment

n

아첨, 감언

flattery

Despite the salesperson's blandishment, the customer did not buy the outfit.

blare

n

(나팔 따위의)울려 퍼짐, 외침, 포효; 눈부신 빛, 강한 광채, 눈부심

loud, harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light

I don't know which is worse

blase

a

향락에 지친; 살 맛을 잃은

bored with pleasure or dissipation

Although Beth was as thrilled with the idea of a trip to Paris as her classmates were, she tried to act supercool and blase, as if she'd been abroad hundreds of times.

blasphemy

n

모독, 불손한 언동, 욕설

irreverence; sacrilege; cursing

In my father's house, the Dodgers were the holiest of holies; to cheer for another team was to utter words of blasphemy.

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blatant

a

주제넘은, 뻔뻔스러운

extremely obvious; loudly offensive

Caught in a blatant lie, the scoundrel had only one regret

bleak

a

한랭한; 적막한

cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable

The frigid, inhospitable Aleutian Islands are bleak military outposts. It's no wonder that soldiers assigned there have a bleak attitude toward their posting.

blighted

a

(식물을)시들게 하는; 해치는; 순순히 부수는

suffering from a disease; destroyed

The extent of the blighted areas could be seen only when viewed from the air.

blithe

a

유쾌한, 쾌활한

gay; joyous

Shelley called the skylark a "blithe spirit" because of its happy song.

bloated

a

부풀어오른, 부은; 거만해진

swollen or puffed as with water or air

Her bloated stomach came from drinking so much water.

blowhard

n

허풍선이; 떠버리

talkative boaster

After all Sol's talk about his big show business connections led nowhere, Sally decided he was just another blowhard.

bludgeon

n

곤봉, 머리부분이 무거운 무기

club; heavy-headed weapon

Attacked by Dr. Moriarty, Holmes used his walking stick as a bludgeon to defend himself. "Watson," he said, "I fear I may have bludgeoned Moriarty to death."

bluff

a

무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운

rough but good-natured

Jack had a bluff and hearty manner that belied his actual sensitivity; he never let people know thin-skinned he really was.

bluff

n

허세 부리기; 엄포; 절벽, 낭떠러지

pretense (of strength); deception; high cliff

Claire thought Lord Byron's boast that he would swim the Hellespont was just a bluff; she was astounded when he dove from the high bluff into the waters below.

blunder

n

큰 실수, 큰 실패, 터무니없는 실수

error

The criminal's fatal blunder led to his capture.

blurt

v

불쑥 말하다, 무심코 말하다, 누설하다

utter impulsively

Before she could stop him, he blurted out the news.

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bluster

v

거세게 몰아치다, 거칠게 일다; 고함치다, 마구 뽐내다, 위협하다

blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully

"Let the stormy winds bluster," cried Jack, "we'll set sail tonight." Jill let Jack bluster

bode

v

전조가 되다, 예시되다

foreshadow; portend

The gloomy skies and the sulfurous odors from the mineral springs seemed to bode evil to those who settled in the area.

bogus

a

가짜의, 위조의

counterfeit; not authentic

The police quickly found the distributors of the bogus twenty-dollar bills.

bohemian

a

전통에 얽매이지 않는, 자유분방한

unconventional (in an artistic way)

Gertrude Stein ran off to Paris to live an eccentric, bohemian life with her writer friends. Oakland was not bohemian

boisterous

a

사나운, 난폭한, 거친, 떠들썩한

violent; rough; noisy

The unruly crowd became even more boisterous when he tried to quiet them.

bolster

v

지지하다, 후원하다; 튼튼하게 하다

support; reinforce

The debaters amassed file boxes full of evidence to bolster their arguments.

bolt

n

빗장; 수나사, 볼트; (직물, 벽지의)한 필(통)

door bar; fastening pin or screw; length of fabric

bolt

v

돌진하다, 발사하다; 빗장을 질러 잠그다; 통째로 삼키다

dash or dart off; fasten(a door); gobble down

Jack was set to bolt out the front door, but Jill bolted the door. "Eat your breakfast," she said, "don't bolt your food."

bombardment

n

포격, 폭격; 질문공세, 논란

attack (as with missiles)

The enemy bombardment demolished the town. Members of the opposition party bombarded the prime minister with questions about the enemy attack.

bombastic

a

과장된, 허황된

pompous; using inflated language

Puffed up with conceit, the orator spoke in such a bombastic manner that we longed to deflate him.

boon

n

은혜, 혜택; 큰 이익

blessing; benefit

The recent rains that filled our empty reservoirs were a boon to the whole community.

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boorish

a

거친; 야비한, 촌스러운

rude; insensitive

Though Mr. Potts constantly interrupted his wife, she ignored his boorish behavior, for she had lost hope of teaching him courtesy.

bouillon

n

(쇠고기, 닭고기 따위의)맑은 수프

clear beef soup

The cup of bouillon served by the stewards was welcomed by those who had been chilled by the cold ocean breezes.

bountiful

a

자애로운, 관대한; 윤택한, 풍부한

abundant; graciously generous

Thanks to the good harvest, we had a bountiful supply of food and we could be as bountiful as we liked in distributing food to the needy.

bourgeois

n

중산계급의 시민; 유산자; 속물근성인 사람

middle class; selfishly materialistic; dully conventional

Technically, anyone who belongs to the middle class is bourgeois, but, given the word's connotations, most people resent it if you call them that.

bovine

a

소 같은; 둔한, 느릿한

cowlike; placid and dull

Nothing excites Esther; even when she won the state lottery, she still preserved her air of bovine calm.

bowdlerize

v

불온한 부분을 함부로 삭제(정정)하다

expurgate

After the film editors had bowdlerized the language in the script, the motion picture's rating was changed from "R" to "PG."

boycott

v

불매운동을 하다

refrain from buying or using

To put pressure on grape growers to stop using pesticides that harmed the farm workers' health, Cesar Chavez called for consumers to boycott grapes.

brackish

a

소금기가 있는; 맛없는

somewhat saline

He found the only wells in the area were brackish; drinking the water made him nauseous.

braggadocio

n

큰 허풍

boasting

He was disliked because his manner was always full of braggadocio.

braggart

n

허풍선이, 호언장담가

boaster

Modest by nature, she was no braggart, preferring to let her accomplishments speak for themselves.

brandish

v

(무기 따위를)휘두르다

wave around; flourish

Alarmed, Doctor Watson wildly brandished his gun until Holmes told him to put the thing away before he shot himself.

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bravado

n

허풍; 허세

swagger; assumed air of defiance

The bravado of the young criminal disappeared when he was confronted by the victims of his brutal attack.

brawn

n

억센 근육, 완력, 체력

muscular strength; sturdiness

It takes brawn to become a champion weight-lifter.

brazen

a

뻔뻔스러운, 파렴치한

insolent

Her brazen contempt for authority angered the officials.

breach

n

(법률, 의무, 약속 등의) 불이행; (요새, 방어선 등의) 터진 구멍, 돌파구

breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap

Jill sued Jack for breach of promise, claiming he had broken their engagement. The attackers found a breach in the enemy's fortifications and penetrated their lines.

breadth

n

넓이, 폭, 크기

width; extent

We were impressed by the breadth of her knowledge.

brevity

n

간결

conciseness

Brevity is essential when you send a telegram or cablegram; you are charged for every word.

brindled

a

얼룩무늬의; 얼룩진

tawny or grayish with streaks or spots

He was disappointed in the litter because the puppies were brindled; he had hoped for animals of a uniform color.

bristling

a

털이 뻣뻣한; 성난

rising like bristles; showing irritation

The dog stood there, bristling with anger.

brittle

a

부서지기 쉬운, 약한; (태도가)완고한, 차가운

easily broken; difficult

My employer's brittle personality made it difficult for me to get along with her.

broach

v

(말을)꺼내다, (문제를)내놓다

introduce; open up

Jack did not even try to broach the subject of religion with his in-laws. If you broach a touchy subject, the result may be a breach.

brocade

n

(아름다운 무늬를 넣어 짠)비단, 금단, 능라

rich, figured fabric

The sofa was covered with expensive brocade.

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brochure

n

팜플렛, 소책자

pamphlet

This brochure on farming was issued by the Department of Agriculture.

brooch

n

브로치, 장식 핀

ornamental clasp

She treasured the brooch because it was an heirloom.

brook

v

견디다, 참다

tolerate; endure

The dean would brook no interference with his disciplinary action.

browbeat

v

(얼굴, 말 따위로) 을러대다, 위협하다

bully; intimidate

Billy resisted Ted's attempts to browbeat him into handing over his lunch money.

browse

v

(소 따위가) 새싹 따위를 먹다; 아무데나 마음 내키는 대로 읽다

graze; skim or glance at casually

"How now, brown cow, browsing in the green, green grass." I remember lines of verse that I came across while browsing through the poetry section of the local bookstore.

brunt

n

(공격의)주력, 예봉

main impact or shock

Tom Sawyer claimed credit for painting the fence, but the brunt of the work fell on others, However, Tom bore the brunt of Aunt Polly's complaints when the paint began to peel.

brusque

a

무뚝뚝한, 퉁명스러운

blunt; abrupt

She was offended by his brusque reply.

buccaneer

n

해적

pirate

At Disneyland the Pirates of the Caribbean sing a song about their lives as bloody buccaneers.

bucolic

a

목가적인, 전원생활의

rustic; pastoral

Filled with browsing cows and bleating sheep, the meadow was a charmingly bucolic sight.

buffet

v

치다, 때리다; (풍파, 역경 따위와)싸우다

slap; batter; knock about

To buffet something is to rough it up. (Buffet rhymes with Muffett.) Was Miss Muffett buffeted by the crowd on the way to the buffet tray?

buffoonery

n

익살, 해학

clowning

In the Ace Ventura movies, Jim Carrey's buffoonery was hilarious

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bugaboo

n

도깨비; 까닭 없는 공포

bugbear; object of baseless terror

If we become frightened by such bugaboos, we are no wiser than the birds who fear scarecrows.

bullion

n

금괴, 은괴; 순금(은)

gold and silver in the form of bars

Much bullion is stored in the vaults at Fort Knox.

bulwark

n

성채, 보루; 보호자

earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends

The navy is our principal bulwark against invasion.

bungle

v

서투른 짓을 하다, 실수하다

mismanage; blunder

Don't botch this assignment, Bumstead; if you bungled the job, you're fired!

buoyant

a

뜨기 쉬운, 부력이 있는; 쾌활한, 낙천적인

able to float; cheerful and optimistic

When the boat capsized, her buoyant life jacket kept Jody afloat. Scrambling back on board, she was still in a buoyant mood, certain that despite the delay she'd win the race.

bureaucracy

n

관료주의; 번잡한 수속 절차

overregulated administrative system marked by red tape

The Internal Revenue Service is the ultimate bureaucracy

burgeon

v

싹트다

grow forth; send out buds

In the spring, the plants that burgeon are a promise of the beauty that is to come.

burlesque

v

익살부리다

give an imitation that ridicules

In his caricature, he burlesqued the mannerisms of his adversary.

burly

a

퉁명스러운; <몸이>억센

husky; muscular

The burly mover lifted the packing crate with ease.

burnish

v

(금속 등에) 광택을 내다, 반짝 거리게 하다

make shiny by rubbing; polish

They burnished the metal until it reflected the lamplight.

buttress

n

부벽; 버팀

support or prop

The huge cathedral walls were supported by flying buttresses.

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buxom

a

포동포동한; 건강하고 쾌활한; 명랑한

plump; vigorous; jolly

The soldiers remembered the buxom nurse who had always been so pleasant to them.

cabal

n

음모단, 비밀결사

small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests

The cabal was defeated when their scheme was discovered.

cache

n

은닉처

hiding place

The detectives followed the suspect until he led them to the cache where he had stored his loot.

cacophony

n

불협화음

discord

Some people seem to enjoy the cacophony of an orchestra that is tuning up.

cadaver

n

동물의 시체, 주검

corpse

In some states, it is illegal to dissect cadavers.

cadaverous

a

시체같은; 새파랗게 질린

like a corpse; pale

By his cadaverous appearance, we could see how the disease had ravaged him.

cadence

n

(목소리의)하강조, 리듬, 억양, 박자

rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds); beat

Marching down the road, the troops sang out, following the cadence set by the sergeant.

cajole

v

감언이설로 속이다; 아첨하다

coax, wheedle

I will not be cajoled into granting you your wish.

calamity

n

재난; 참화

disaster; misery

As news of the calamity spread, offers of relief poured in to the stricken community.

caldron

n

가마솥

large kettle

"Why, Mr. Crusoe," said the savage heating the giant caldron, "we'd love to have you for dinner!"

caliber

n

재간; 도량

ability; capacity

A man of such caliber should not be assigned such menial tasks.

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calligraphy

n

달필; 서법

beautiful writing; excellent penmanship

As we examine ancient manuscripts, we become impressed with the calligraphy of the scribes.

callous

a

<피부가>굳어진; 무감각한

hardened; unfeeling

He had worked in the hospital for so many years that he was callous to the suffering in the wards.

callow

a

미숙한, 경험이 없는

youthful; immature

In that youthful movement, the leaders were only a little less callow than their immature followers.

calorific

a

열을 발생하는

heat-producing

Coal is much more calorific than green wood.

calumniate

v

중상하다

slander

Shakespeare wrote that love and friendship were subject to envious and caluminating time.

calumny

n

비방; 중상

malicious misrepresentation; slander

He could endure his financial failure, but he could not bear the calumny that his foes heaped upon him.

camaraderie

n

우정, 동료애

good-fellowship

What he loved best about his job was the sense of camaraderie he and his co-workers shared.

cameo

n

카메오 세공 (조개 껍질을 재료로 하는 세공의 일종)

shell or jewel carved in relief

Tourists are advised not to purchase cameos from the street peddlers of Rome who sell poor specimens of the carver's art.

camouflage

v

위장하다; 가리다, 숨기다

disguise; conceal

In order to rescue Han Solo, Princess Leia camouflaged herself in the helmet and cloak of a space bandit.

canard

n

헛소문, 유언비어

unfounded rumor; exaggerated report

It is almost impossible to protect oneself from such a base canard.

candor

n

정직, 솔직, 담백함

frankness; open honesty

Jack can carry candor too far

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canine

a

개의; 개 같은

related to dogs; doglike

Some days the canine population of Berkeley seems almost to outnumber the human population.

canker

n

구강 궤양; 폐해, 해독; (마음의)고뇌

any ulcerous sore; any evil

Poverty is a canker in the body politic; it must be cured.

canny

a

빈틈없는, 교활한; 아껴쓰는; 예쁜

shrewd; thrifty

The canny Scotsman was more than a match for the swindlers.

canon

n

(성서의)정전목록; 정전; (문학)진짜 작품; 법령, 법률, 표준; (종교회의나 그 밖의 권위에 의해 공인된

collection or authoritative list of books (e.g., by an author, or accepted as scripture); rule or st

Scholars hotly debated whether the newly discovered sonnet should be accepted as part of the Shakespearean canon.

cant

n

(점잖은 체 하는)위선적인 말투; (도둑, 집시 따위의)변말, 은어

insincere expressions of piety; jargon of thieves

Shocked by news of the minister's extramarital love affairs, the worshippers dismissed his talk about the sacredness of marriage as mere cant. Cant is a form of hypocrisy

cantankerous

a

성미 고약한, 심술궂은, 걸핏하면 싸우는

ill-humored; irritable

Constantly complaining about his treatment and refusing to cooperate with the hospital staff, he was a cantankerous patient.

cantata

n

칸타타(독창, 중창, 합창이 있는 성악곡)

story set to music, to be sung by a chorus

The choral society sang the new cantata composed by its leader.

canter

n

(말의)느린 구보

slow gallop

Because the racehorse had outdistanced its competition so easily, the reporter wrote that the race was won in a canter.

canto

n

(시) 절, 부

division of a long poem

Dante's poetic masterpiece The Divine Comedy is divided into cantos.

canvass

v

(지역·단체에 투표·기부·충고 등을)부탁하다; (투표)를 검토하다

determine or seek opinions, votes, etc.

After canvassing the sentiments of his constituents, the congressman was confident that he represented the majority opinion of his district.

capacious

a

널따란, 큰, 포용력이 있는

spacious

In the capacious areas of the railroad terminal, thousands of travelers lingered while waiting for their train.

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capacity

n

수용력, 재는, 역량, 지위, 자격

mental or physical ability; role; ability to accommodate

Mike had the capacity to handle several jobs at once. In his capacity as president of SelecTronics he marketed an electronic dictionary with a capacity of 200,000 words.

capillary

a

모세관의; 털 모양의

having a very fine bore

The changes in surface tension of liquids in capillary vessels is of special interest to physicists.

capitulate

v

(조건부로)항복하다, 단념하다

surrender

The enemy was warned to capitulate or face annihilation.

caprice

n

변덕, 일시적인 기분

whim

She was an unpredictable creature, acting on caprice, never taking thought of the consequences.

capricious

a

변덕스러운, 예측할 수 없는

unpredictable; fickle

The storm was capricious

caption

n

표제, 제목, 설명문

title; chapter heading; text under illustration

The captions that accompany The Far Side cartoons are almost as funny as the pictures.

captious

a

남을 헐뜯는, 흠잡기를 좋아하는

faultfinding

His criticisms were always captious and frivolous, never offering constructive suggestions.

carafe

n

유리 물병(식탁, 세면장용)

glass water bottle; decanter

With each dinner the patron receives a carafe of red or white wine.

carapace

n

(거북·게 따위의)등껍질, 갑각

shell covering the back (of a turtle, crab, etc.)

At the children's zoo, Richard perched on top of the giant turtle's hard carapace as it slowly made its way around the enclosure.

carat

n

캐럿, 금의 순도(보석 중량 단위, 200mg)

unit of weight for precious stones; measure of fineness of gold

He gave her a diamond that weighed three carats and was mounted in an eighteen-carat gold band.

carcinogenic

a

발암물질의

causing cancer

Many supposedly harmless substances have been revealed to be carcinogenic.

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cardinal

a

주요한, 기본적인

chief

If you want to increase your word power, the cardinal rule of vocabulary-building is to read.

cardiologist

n

심장병 전문의

doctor specializing in ailments of the heart

When the pediatrician noticed Philip had a slight heart murmur, she referred him to a cardiologist for further tests.

careen

v

(배가)한쪽으로 기울다, (차가 빨리 달리는 동안)좌우로 흔들리다

lurch; sway from side to side

The taxicab careened wildly as it rounded the corner.

caricature

n

풍자 만화, 풍자하는 글

distortion; burlesque

The caricatures he drew always emphasized personal weaknesses of the people he burlesqued.

carillon

n

편종, 종악

a set of bells capable of being played

The carillon in the bell tower of the Coca-Cola pavilion at the New York World's Fair provided musical entertainment every hour.

carnage

n

대학살

destruction of life

The film The Killing Fields vividly depicts the carnage wreaked by Pol Pot's followers in Cambodia.

carnal

a

육체의, 속세의

fleshly

Is the public more interested in carnal pleasures than in spiritual matters? Compare the number of people who read Playboy daily to the number of those who read the Bible every day.

carnivorous

a

육식(성)의

meat-eating

The lion's a carnivorous beast; a hunk of meat makes up his feast. A cow is not a carnivore; she likes the taste of grain, not gore.

carousal

n

흥청거리는 주연, 술잔치

drunken revel

The party degenerated into an ugly carousal.

carping

n

흠잡기

petty criticism; fault-finding

Welcoming constructive criticism, Lexy appreciated her editor's comments, finding them free of carping.

carrion

n

썩은 고기, 불결한 물건

rotting flesh of a dead body

Buzzards are nature's scavengers; they eat the carrion left behind by other predators.

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cartographer

n

지도 제작자

map-maker

Though not a professional cartographer, Tolkien was able to construct a map of his fictional world.

cascade

n

작은 폭포, 인공폭포

small waterfall

We were too tired to appreciate the beauty of the many cascades because we had to detour around them to avoid being drenched by the torrents cascading down.

caste

n

카스트 제도, 특권계급의

one of the hereditary classes in Hindu society, social stratification; prestige

The differences created by caste in India must be wiped out if true democracy is to prevail in that country.

castigation

n

징벌, 엄벌, 혹평

punishment; severe criticism

Sensitive even to mild criticism, Woolf could not bear the castigation that she found in certain reviews.

casualty

n

불의의 상해, 사상자, 재해, 피해자

serious or fatal accident

The number of automotive casualties on this holiday weekend was high.

cataclysm

n

대홍수, (정치·사회적)대변동, 격변

deluge; upheaval

A cataclysm such as the French Revolution affects all countries.

catalyst

n

촉매, 기폭제

agent that brings about a chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged

Many chemical reactions cannot take place without the presence of a catalyst.

catapult

n

새총, 사출장치

slingshot; hurling machine

Airplanes are sometimes launched from battleships by catapults.

cataract

n

큰 폭포, 격류, 대홍수, 백내장

great waterfall; eye abnormality

She gazed with awe at the mighty cataract known as Niagara Falls.

catastrophe

n

돌연한 큰 변동, 파국, 파멸, 대단원

calamity; disaster

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a catastrophe that destroyed most of the city. A similar earthquake striking today could have even more catastrophic results.

catcall

n

(집회·극장 따위에서 불만을 나타내는)고양이 울음소리 같은 소리, 날카로운 휘파람 소리

shout of disapproval; boo

Every major league pitcher has off days during which he must learn to ignore catcalls and angry hisses from the crowd.

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categorical

a

단언적인, 무조건적인, 절대적인

without exceptions; unqualified; absolute

Though the captain claimed he was never, never sick at sea, he finally qualified his categorical denial

catharsis

n

카타르시스, 정화(淨化)

purging or cleansing of any passage of the body

Aristotle maintained that tragedy created a catharsis by purging the soul of base concepts.

cathartic

n

하제(下制)

purgative

Some drugs act as laxatives when taken in small doses but act as cathartics when taken in much larger doses.

catholic

a

폭 넓은, 마음이 넓은, 관대한

universal; wide-ranging liberal

He was extremely catholic in his taste and read everything he could find in the library.

caucus

n

(정당의)비공식 간부회의

private meeting of members of a party to select officers or determine policy

At the opening of Congress the members of the Democratic Party held a caucus to elect the majority leader of the House and the party whip.

caulk

v

(틈을)메우다

to make watertight (by plugging seams)

When water from the shower leaked into the basement, we knew it was time to caulk the tiles at the edges of the shower stall.

causal

a

원인의, 인과관계의

implying a cause-and-effect relationship

The psychologist maintained there was a causal relationship between the nature of one's early childhood experiences and one's adult personality.

caustic

a

부식성의, 통렬한, 신랄한

burning; sarcastically biting

The critic's caustic remarks angered the hapless actors who were the subjects of his sarcasm.

cauterize

v

뜸을 뜨다, 부식하다

burn with hot iron or caustic

In order to prevent infection, the doctor cauterized the wound.

cavalcade

n

행렬, (기마)행진

procession; parade

As described by Chaucer, the cavalcade of Canterbury pilgrims was a motley group.

cavalier

a

거만한, 오만한

casual and offhand; arrogant

Sensitive about having her ideas taken lightly, Marcia felt insulted by Mark's cavalier dismissal of her suggestion.

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cavil

v

트집잡다, 시시한 소리로 따지고 들다

make frivolous objections

I respect your sensible criticisms, but I dislike the way you cavil about unimportant details.

cede

v

양도하다, 양보하다

yield (title, territory) to; surrender formally

Eventually the descendants of England's Henry II were forced to cede their French territories to the King of France.

celerity

n

신속, 민첩, 속력

speed; rapidity

Hamlet resented his mother's celerity in remarrying within a month after his father's death.

celestial

a

천국의, 하늘의, 내세의

heavenly

She spoke of the celestial joys that awaited virtuous souls in the hereafter.

celibate

a

금욕하고 있는, 독신(주의)의

abstaining from sexual intercourse; unmarried

Though the late Havelock Ellis wrote extensively about sexual customs and was considered an expert in such matters, recent studies maintain he was celibate throughout his life.

censor

n

검열관. 까다롭게 남의 흠을 잡는 사람

overseer of morals; person who reads to eliminate inappropriate remarks

Soldiers dislike having their mail read by a censor but understand the need for this precaution.

censorious

a

지나치게 비판적인, 트집잡는

critical

Censorious people delight in casting blame.

censure

v

비난하다, 책망하다

blame; criticize

The senator was censured for behavior inappropriate to a member of Congress.

centaur

n

켄타우로스(그리스 신화의 반인반마)

mythical figure, half man and half horse

I was particularly impressed by the statue of the centaur in the Roman Hall of the museum.

centigrade

a

섭씨의

denoting a widely used temperature scale (basically same as Celsius)

On the centigrade thermometer, the freezing point of water is zero degrees.

centrifugal

a

원심성(력)의

radiating; departing from the center

Many automatic drying machines remove excess moisture from clothing by centrifugal force.

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centripetal

a

구심성(력)의

tending toward the center

Does centripetal force or the force of gravity bring orbiting bodies to the earth's surface?

centurion

n

(고대 로마군)백인대장

Roman army officer

Because he was in command of a company of one hundred soldiers, he was called a centurion.

cerebral

a

대뇌의, 지적인

pertaining to the brain or intellect

The content of philosophical works is cerebral in nature and requires much thought.

cerebration

n

사고, 사색, 두뇌작용

thought

Mathematics problems sometimes require much cerebration.

ceremonious

a

격식을 차리는, 엄숙한

marked by formality

Ordinary dress would be inappropriate at so ceremonious an affair.

certitude

n

확신, 확실(필연)성

certainty

Thought there was no certitude of his getting the job, Lou thought he had a good chance of being hired.

cessation

n

정지, 휴지, 휴업

stoppage

The airline's employees threatened a cessation of all work if management failed to meet their demands.

cession

n

(영토의)할양, (권리, 재산의)양도

yielding to another; ceding

The cession of Alaska to the United States is discussed in this chapter.

chafe

v

비벼서 따뜻하게 하다, 쓸려서 벗겨지게 하다

warm by rubbing; make sore (by rubbing)

Chilled, he chafed his hands before the fire. The collar of his school uniform chafed Tom's neck, but not as much the school's strict rules chafed his spirit.

chaff

n

무가치한 것, 왕겨, 여물

worthless products of an endeavor

When you separate the wheat from the chaff, be sure you throw out the chaff.

chaffing

a

희롱하는, 놀리는

bantering; joking

Sometimes Chad's flippant, chaffing remarks annoy us. Still, Chad's chaffing keeps us laughing.

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chagrin

n

분함, 원통함

vexation (caused by humiliation or injured pride); disappointment

Embarrassed by his parents' shabby, working-class appearance, Doug felt their visit to his school would bring him nothing but chagrin. A person filled with chagrin doesn't grin

chalice

n

술잔, 성배(聖杯)

goblet; consecrated cup

In a small room adjoining the cathedral, many ornately decorated chalices made by the most famous European goldsmiths were on display.

chameleon

n

카멜레온, 변덕쟁이, 경박한 사람

lizard that changes color in different situations

Like the chameleon, he assumed the political coloration of every group he met.

champion

v

옹호하다, 지지하다; (투사로서)싸우다

support militantly

Martin Luther King, Jr., won the Novel Peace Prize because he championed the oppressed in their struggle for equality.

chaotic

a

혼돈 된, 무질서한

in utter disorder

He tried to bring order into the chaotic state of affairs.

charisma

n

카리스마; (신에게서 받은)천부적 재능, 통솔력; 매력

divine gift; great popular charm or appeal

Political commentators have deplored the importance of a candidate's charisma in these days of television campaigning.

charlatan

n

(전문적인 지식·기교가 있는 것처럼 과시하는)허풍선이, 사기꾼; 돌팔이 의사

quack; pretender to knowledge

When they realized that the Wizard didn't know how to get them back to Kansas, Dorothy and her friends were sure they'd been duped by a charlatan.

chary

a

신중한; 삼가는; 부끄럼 타는; 인색한

cautious; sparing or restrained about giving

A prudent, thrifty New Englander, DeWitt was as chary of investing money in junk bonds as he was chary of paying people unnecessary compliments.

chase

v

(금속 면을)조각으로 장식하다; …에 (나선상의)홈을 파다

ornament a metal surface by indenting

With his hammer, he carefully chased an intricate design onto the surface of the chalice.

chasm

n

깊이 갈라진 틈, 균열

abyss

They could not see the bottom of the chasm.

chassis

n

(자동차 따위의)섀시, 차대

framework and working parts of an auto mobile

Examining the car after the accident, the owner discovered that the body had been ruined but that the chassis was unharmed.

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chaste

a

순결한; (사상·언어가)고상한, 간결한; 우아한

pure; virginal; modest

To ensure that his bride would stay chaste while he was off to the wars, the crusader had her fitted out with a chastity belt.

chasten

v

단련하다, 벌하다, (잘 되라고)혼내주다

discipline; punish in order to correct

Whom God loves, God chastens.

chastise

v

혼내주다, 징벌하다

punish

I must chastise you for this offense.

chauvinist

n

광신적 배타주의자, 맹목적 애국자

blindly devoted patriot; zealous adherent of a group or cause

A chauvinist cannot recognize any faults in his country, no matter how flagrant they may be. Likewise, a male chauvinist cannot recognize how biased he is in favor of his own sex, no matter how flagrant that bias may be.

check

v

저지하다, 방해하다; 억제하다, 견제하다

stop motion; curb or restrain

Thrusting out her arm, Grandma checked Bobby's lunge at his sister. "Young man," she said, "you'd better check your temper."

checkered

a

변화가 풍부한; 파란만장한; 알록달록한

marked by changes in fortune

During his checkered career he had lived in palatial mansions and in dreary boardinghouses.

cherubic

a

천사 같은, 순진한, 귀여운

angelic; innocent-looking

With her cheerful smile and rosy cheeks, she was a particularly cherubic child.

chicanery

n

교활한 수법, 속임수, 변명

trickery; deception

Those sneaky lawyers misrepresented what occurred, made up all sorts of implausible alternative scenarios to confuse the jurors, and in general depended on chicanery to win the case.

chide

v

꾸짖다, 잔소리하다

scold

Grandma began to chide Steven for his lying.

chimerical

a

상상의, 공상적인

fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; imaginative

As everyone expected, Ted's chimerical scheme to make a fortune by raising ermines in his backyard proved a dismal failure.

chisel

n

끌

wedgelike tool for cutting

With his hammer and chisel, the sculptor chipped away at the block of marble.

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chisel

v

사기치다, 속이다; 끌로 자르다

swindle or cheat; cut with a chisel

That crook chiseled me out of a hundred dollars when he sold me that "marble" statue he'd chiseled out of some cheap hunk of rock.

chivalrous

a

예의 바른, (여성에게)정중한, 용감한

courteous; faithful; brave

Chivalrous behavior involves noble words and good deeds.

choleric

a

화를 잘 내는, 성마른

hot-tempered

His flushed, angry face indicated a choleric nature.

choreography

n

무용, 안무(법); 무용술

art of representing dances in written symbols; arrangement of dances

Merce Cunningham has begun to use a computer in designing choreography

chortle

v

(혼자 기뻐서)킬킬거리다, 신이 나서 웃다

chuckle with delight

When she heard that her rival had just been jailed for embezzlement, she chortled with joy. She was not a nice lady.

chronic

a

장기에 걸친, 만성적인, 고질병이 있는

long established, as a disease

The doctors were finally able to attribute his chronic headaches and nausea to traces of formaldehyde gas in his apartment.

chronicle

v

연대순으로 기록하다; 연대기에 싣다

report; record (in chronological order)

The gossip columnist was paid to chronicle the latest escapades of the socially prominent celebrities.

churlish

a

천한; 야비한

boorish; rude

Dismayed by his churlish manners at the party, the girls vowed never to invite him again.

ciliated

a

솜털이 있는, 속눈썹이 있는

having minute hairs

The paramecium is a ciliated, one-celled animal.

cipher

n

암호

secret code

Lacking his code book, the spy was unable to decode the message sent to him in cipher.

cipher

n

변변치 않은 사람(물건)

nonentity; worthless person or thing

She claimed her ex-husband was a total cipher and wondered why she had ever married him.

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circlet

n

작은 원; 장식고리

small ring; band

This tiny circlet is very costly because it is set with precious stones.

circuitous

a

빙도는, 우회적인

roundabout

Because of the traffic congestion on the main highways, she took a circuitous route.

circumlocution

n

에둘러말함; 핑계

indirect or roundabout expression

He was afraid to call a spade a spade and resorted to circumlocutions to avoid direct reference to his subject.

circumscribe

v

제한하다; 한계를 정한다

limit; confine

Although I do not wish to circumscribe your activities, I must insist that you complete this assignment before you start anything else.

circumspect

a

신중한; 조심성있는

prudent; cautious

Investigating before acting, she tried always to be circumspect.

circumvent

v

일주하다, 포위하다; 피하다

outwit; baffle; avoid

In order to circumvent the enemy, we will make two preliminary starting our major campaign.

cistern

n

천수조(天水槽) 또는 물통

reservoir or water tank

The farmers were able to withstand the dry season by using rainwater they had stored in an underground cistern.

citadel

n

성채, 요새

fortress

The citadel overlooked the city like a protecting angel.

cite

v

인용하다, 예로 들다

quote; commend

She could cite passages in the Bible from memory.

civil

a

시민의, 민간의; 공손한, 예의 바른

having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite

Although Internal Revenue Service agents are civil servants, they are not always civil to suspected tax evaders.

clairvoyant

a

통찰력이 있는, 천리안의

having foresight; fortuneteller

Cassandra's clairvoyant warning was not heeded by the Trojans.

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clamber

v

힘들여 기어오르다

climb by crawling

She clambered over the wall.

clamor

n

소란스러운 소리, 아우성; 소동, 소란

noise

The clamor of the children at play outside made it impossible for her to take a nap.

clandestine

a

비밀의

secret

After avoiding their chaperon, the lovers had a clandestine meeting.

clangor

n

땡땡(땡그랑·쨍그랑)하는 연속음(금속성의 소리)

loud, resounding noise

The blacksmith was accustomed to the clangor of hammers on steel.

clapper

n

(종·방울의)추(錘)

striker (tongue) of a bell

Wishing to be undisturbed by the bell, Dale wound his scarf around the clapper to muffle its striking.

clarion

n

날카롭고 낭랑한 나팔 소리; 클라리온(옛날 전쟁 때 사용한 트럼펫의 일종)

shrill, trumpetlike sound

We woke to the clarion call of the bugle.

claustrophobia

n

밀실공포증

fear of being locked in

His fellow classmates laughed at his claustrophobia and often threatened to lock him in his room.

clavicle

n

쇄골(鎖骨)

collarbone

Even though he wore shoulder pads, the football player broke his clavicle during a practice scrimmage.

cleave

v

쪼개다, 찢다; 달라붙다, 충실히 붙어 있다

split or sever; cling to; remain faithful to

With her heavy cleaver, Julia Child can cleave a whole roast duck in two. Soaked through, the soldier tugged at the uniform that cleaved annoyingly to his body. He would cleave to his post, come rain or shine.

cleft

n

쪼개진 틈(조각)

split

Trying for a fresh handhold, the mountain climber grasped the edge of a cleft in the sheer rockface.

clemency

n

온순, 인자, 관대한 조치, 온화

disposition to be lenient; mildness, as of the weather

The lawyer was pleased when the case was sent to Judge Smith's chambers because Smith was noted fore her clemency toward first offenders.

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cliche

n

진부한 상투 어구

phrase dulled in meaning by repetition

High school compositions are often marred by such cliche? as "strong as an ox."

clientele

n

(변호사의)소송 의뢰인들, 단골손님, 부하들

body of customers

The rock club attracted a young, stylish clientele.

climactic

a

절정의, 점층법의

relating to the highest point

When he reached the climactic portions of the book, he could not stop reading.

clime

n

지방; 기후, 풍토

region; climate

His doctor advised him to move to a milder clime.

clique

n

(배타적인)도당, 파벌

small, exclusive group

Fitzgerald wished that he belonged to the clique of popular athletes and big men on campus who seemed to run Princeton's social life.

cloister

n

수도원; 은둔생활

monastery or convent

The nuns lived in the cloister.

clout

n

권력, 영향력

great influence (especially political or social)

Gatsby wondered whether he had enough clout to be admitted to the exclusive club.

cloying

a

싫증나게 하는, 물리게 하는

distasteful (because excessive); excessively sweet or sentimental

Disliking the cloying sweetness of standard wedding cakes, Jody and Tom chose a homemade carrot cake for their reception.

coagulate

v

응고(응결)시키다, 굳히다

thicken; congeal; clot

Even after you remove the pudding from the burner, it will continue to coagulate as it stands.

coalesce

v

아물어 붙다; 합치다, 합동하다

combine; fuse

The brooks coalesce into one large river. When minor political parties coalesce, their coalescence may create a major coalition.

coalition

n

합동, 연합, 제휴, 연립

partnership; league; union

The Rainbow Coalition united people of all races in a common cause.

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coda

n

악장 또는 악곡의 종지부; (소설·희극에서의)매듭짓기

concluding section of a musical or literary composition

The piece concluded with a distinctive coda that strikingly brought together various motifs.

coddle

v

응석부리게 하다, (병자나 아이 등을)잘 돌보다

treat gently; pamper

Don't coddle the children so much; they need a taste of discipline.

codicil

n

유언 보충서; 추가 조항, 부록

supplement to the body of a will

Miss Havisham kept her lawyers busy drawing up codicils to her already complicated will.

codify

v

법전화 하다; 분류·정리하다

arrange (laws, rules) as a code; classify

We need to take the varying rules and regulations of the different health agencies and codify them into a national health code.

coercion

n

강제, 억압, 위압; 탄압정치

use of force to get someone to obey

The inquisitors used both physical and psychological coercion to force Joan of Arc to recant her assertions that her visions were sent by God.

coeval

a

동시대의, 때를 같이 하는

living at the same time as; contemporary

Coeval with the dinosaur, the pterodactyl flourished during the Mesozoic era.

cog

n

톱니바퀴

tooth projection from a wheel

A bicycle chain moves through a series of cogs in order to propel the bike.

cogent

a

설득력 있는, 유력한

convincing

It was inevitable that David chose to go to Harvard

cogitate

v

숙고하다, 궁리(계획)하다

think over

Cogitate on this problem; the solution will come.

cognate

a

같은 어족의, 같은 혈족의, 동족의, 같은 계통의

related linguistically; allied by blood; similar or akin in nature

The English word "mother" is cognate the Latin word "mater," whose influence is visible in the words "maternal" and "maternity."

cognitive

a

인식의, 인식작용의

having to do with knowing or perceiving related to the mental processes

Though Jack was emotionally immature, his cognitive development was admirable; he was very advanced intellectually.

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cognizance

n

인식, 인지, 지식

knowledge

During the election campaign, the two candidates were kept in full cognizance of the international situation.

cohabit

v

공동 서식하다

live together

Many unwed couples who cohabit peacefully for years wind up fighting night and day once they marry.

cohere

v

밀착하다, 응집하다, 결합하다

stick together

Solids have a greater tendency to cohere than liquids.

cohesion

n

결합(력), 단결(력), 응집(력)

tendency to keep together

A firm believer in the maxim "Divide and conquer," the emperor, by lies and trickery, sought to disrupt the cohesion of the free nations.

cohorts

n

군대

armed band

Caesar and his Roman cohorts conquered almost all of the known world.

coiffure

n

머리 형, 이발 양식

hairstyle

You can make a statement with your choice of coiffure

coin

v

화폐를 주조하다; (말 따위)를 새로 만들어 내다

make coins; invent or fabricate

Mints coin good money; counterfeiters coin fakes. Slanderers coin nasty rumors; writers coin words. A neologism is a newly coined expression.

coincidence

n

(우연의)일체, 부합, 합치, 동시 발생

the chance occurrence, at the same time, of two or more seemingly connected events

Was it just a coincidence that John and she had met at the market for three days running, or was he deliberately trying to seek her out?

colander

n

(부엌용)여과기

utensil with perforated bottom used for straining

Before serving the spaghetti, place it in a colander to drain it.

collaborate

v

협조하다, 협동하다

work together

Two writers collaborated in preparing this book.

collage

n

콜라쥬(사진, 신문, 철사 등의 조각을 붙여 만드는 작품 기법)

work of art put together from fragments.

Scraps of cloth, paper dollies, and old photographs all went into her collage.

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collate

v

대조하다, 비교하다; 정열하다

examine in order to verify authenticity; arrange in order

They collated the newly found manuscripts to determine their age.

collateral

n

담보물, 부가 저당

security given for loan

The sum you wish to borrow is so large that it must be secured by collateral.

collation

n

간단한 식사; 대조, 조합

a light meal

Tea sandwiches and cookies were offered at the collation.

colloquial

a

대화체의, 구어체적인

pertaining to conversational or common speech

Your use of colloquial expressions in a formal essay such as the one you have presented spoils the effect you hope to achieve.

colloquy

n

담화, 대화

informal discussion

I enjoy our colloquies, but I sometimes wish that they could be made more formal and more searching.

collusion

n

공모, 음모

conspiring in a fraudulent scheme; conspiracy

The swindlers were found guilty of collusion.

colossal

a

엄청나게 큰, 거대한

huge, gargantuan, gigantic

Radio City Music Hall has a colossal stage that can accommodate up to 15,000 people.

colossus

n

거상,거대한 물건

gigantic statue

The legendary Colossus of Rhodes, a bronze statue of the sun god that dominated the harbor of the Greek seaport, was one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

comatose

a

혼수상태의, 몹시 졸리운

in a coma; extremely sleepy

The long-winded orator soon had his audience in a comatose state.

combustible

a

연소할 수 있는

easily burned

After the recent outbreak of fires in private homes, the fire commissioner ordered that all combustible materials be kept in safe containers.

comely

a

매력적인, 보기좋은

attractive; agreeable

I would rather have a poor and comely wife than a rich and homely one.

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comestible

n

식료품

something fit to be eaten

The roast turkey and other comestible, the wines, and the excellent service made this Thanksgiving dinner particularly memorable.

comeuppance

n

천벌, 인과응보

rebuke; deserts

After his earlier rudeness, we were delighted to see him get his comeuppance.

comity

n

예의바름, 공손

courtesy; civility

A spirit of comity should exist among nations.

commandeer

v

징발하다

to draft for military purposes; to take for public use

The policeman commandeered the first car that approached and ordered the driver to go to the nearest hospital.

commemorative

a

기념할 만한

remembering; honoring

The new commemorative stamps honors the late Martin Luther King, Jr.

commensurate

a

동량의, ~에 상당하는

equal in extent

Your reward will be commensurate with your effort.

commiserate

v

동정하다, 불쌍히 여기다

feel or express pity or sympathy for

Her friends commiserated with the widow.

commodious

a

널찍하고 편리한

spacious and comfortable

After sleeping in small roadside cabins, they found their hotel suite commodious.

communal

a

공동사회의, 공동의,공용의

held in common; of a group of people

When they were divorced, they had trouble dividing their communal property.

compact

a

압축된,단단한,소형의

tightly packed; firm; brief

His short, compact body was better suited to wrestling than to basketball.

compact

n

조약,협약,계약

agreement, contract

The signers of the Mayflower Compact were establishing a form of government.

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compatible

a

양립할 수 있는, 서로 어울리는

harmonious; in harmony with

They were compatible neighbors, never quarreling over unimportant matters.

compelling

a

강력한, 압도적인

overpowering; irresistible in effect

The prosecutor presented a well-reasoned case, but the defense attorney's compelling arguments for leniency won over the jury.

compendium

n

요약

brief, comprehensive summary

This text can serve as a compendium of the tremendous amount of new material being developed in this field.

compensatory

a

보상적인

making up for; repaying

Can a compensatory education program make up for the inadequate schooling he received in earlier years?

compilation

n

편찬, 자료정리

listing of statistical information in tabular or book form

The compilation of available scholarships serves a very valuable purpose.

complacent

a

자기 만족적인, 느긋한

self-satisfied

There was a complacent look on his face as he examined his paintings.

complaisant

a

상냥한, 고분고분한

trying to please; obliging

The courtier obeyed the king's orders in a complaisant manner.

complement

v

보충하다, 보완하다

complete; consummate; make perfect

The waiter recommended a glass of port to complement the cheese.

compliance

n

부응, 일치, 따름

conformity in fulfilling requirements; readiness to yield

The design for the new school had to be in compliance with the local building code.

compliant

a

순응하는, 복종적인

yielding

He was compliant and ready to go along with his friend's desires.

complicity

n

공모, 연루

participation; involvement

You cannot keep your complicity in this affair secret very long; you would be wise to admit your involvement immediately.

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component

n

부품, 부분

element; ingredient

I wish all the components of my stereo system were working at the same time.

comport

v

행동하다, 처신하다

bear one's self; behave

He comported himself with great dignity

composure

n

냉정, 침착

mental calmness

Even the latest work crisis failed to shake her composure.

compound

v

합성하다, 섞다; 복리로 계산하다; 더 복잡하게 만들다

combine; constitute; pay interest; increase

The makers of the popular cold remedy compounded a nasal decongestant with an antihistamine.

comprehensive

a

종합적인

thorough; inclusive

This book provides a comprehensive review of verbal and math skills for the GRE.

compress

v

압축하다; 꽉 조이다

close; squeeze; contract

She compressed the package under her arm.

compromise

v

타협하다, 조정하다; 위협하다, 위험에 빠뜨리다

adjust; endanger the interests or reputation of

Your presence at the scene of the dispute compromises our claim to neutrality in this matter.

compunction

n

후회, 참회

remorse

The judge was especially severe in his sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no compunction for his heinous crime.

compute

v

계산하다

reckon; calculate

He failed to compute the interest, so his bank balance was not accurate.

concatenate

v

줄지어 연결하다

link as in a chain

It is difficult to understand how these events could concatenate as they did without outside assistance.

concave

a

오목한, 움푹 들어간

hollow

The back-packers found partial shelter from the storm by huddling against the concave wall of the cliff.

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conceit

n

기행, 기발한 생각; 지나친 비유

whimsical idea; extravagant metaphor

He was an entertaining companion, always expressing himself in amusing conceits and witty turns of phrase.

concentric

a

동심원적인

having a common center

The target was made of concentric circles.

conception

n

생각을 품음, 개념을 형성함

beginning; forming of an idea

At the first conception of the work, he was consulted.

concerted

a

협조적인, 힘을 합쳐 이루어진

mutually agreed on; done together

The Girl Scouts in the troop made a concerted effort to raise funds for their annual outing, and emitted a concerted sigh when their leader announced that they had reached their goal.

concession

n

양보

an act of yielding

Before they could reach an agreement, both sides had to make certain concessions.

conciliatory

a

화해적인, 위무적인, 달래는

reconciling; soothing

She was still angry despite his conciliatory words.

concise

a

간결한, 간략한

brief and compact

When you define a new word, be concise

conclave

n

비밀 모임

private meeting

He was present at all their conclaves as an unofficial observer.

conclusive

a

결정적인

decisive; ending all debate

When the stolen books turned up in John's locker, we finally had conclusive evidence of the identity of the mysterious thief.

concoct

v

조리하다, 만들어 내다; 생각 등을 짜내다

prepare by combining; make up in concert

How did the inventive chef ever concoct such a strange dish?

concomitant

a

부수물; 부수적인

that which accompanies; accompanying

Culture is not always a concomitant of wealth.

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concord

n

일치; 조화

harmony

Watching Tweedledum and Tweedledee battle, Alice wondered why the two brothers could not manage to live in concord.

concur

v

동의하다, 일치하다

agree

Did you concur with the decision of the court or did you find it unfair?

concurrent

a

동시 발생적인

happening at the same time

In America, the colonists were resisting the demands of the mother country; at the concurrent moment in France, the middle class was sowing the seeds of rebellion.

condescend

v

겸손하게 처신하다; 자신을 낮추다

bestow courtesies with a superior air

The king condescended to grant an audience to the friends of the condemned man.

condign

a

적절한

adequate; deservedly severe

The public approved the condign punishment for the crime.

condiments

n

양념, 조미료

seasonings; spices

Spanish food is full of condiments.

condole

v

조의를 표하다, 문상하다, 위로하다

express sympathetic sorrow

His friends gathered to condole with him over his loss.

condone

v

용서하다, 관대히 보아주다, 눈감아 주다; (어떤 행위가)죄의 갚음이 되다

overlook; forgive; give tacit approval; excuse

Unlike Widow Douglas, who condoned Huck's minor offenses, Miss Watson did nothing but scold.

conducive

a

도움이 되는, 촉진하는, …에 좋은

helpful; contributive

Rest and proper diet are conducive to good health.

conduit

n

도관, 수로(水路)

aqueduct; passageway for fluids

Water was brought to the army in the desert by an improvised conduit from the adjoining mountain.

confidant

n

믿을 수 있는 벗

trusted friend

He had no confidants with whom he could discuss his problems at home.

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confine

v

가두다, 제한하다

shut in; restrict

The terrorists had confined their prisoner in a small room. However, they had not chained him to the wall or done anything else to confine his movements.

confiscate

v

몰수하다

seize, commandeer

The army confiscated all available supplies of uranium.

conflagration

n

큰 화재

great fire

In the conflagration that followed the 1906 earthquake, much of San Francisco was destroyed.

confluence

n

합류(점); 군중

flowing together; crowd

They built the city at the confluence of two rivers.

conformity

n

조화, 일치, 순응

harmony; agreement

In conformity with our rules and regulations, I am calling a meeting of our organization.

confound

v

혼동하다; 어리둥절하게 하다, 당황 시키다

confuse; puzzle

No mystery could confound Sherlock Homes for long.

congeal

v

얼(리)다, 응결하다(시키다)

freeze; coagulate

His blood congealed in his veins as he saw the dread monster rush toward him.

congenial

a

기분 좋은; 붙임성 있는

pleasant; friendly

My father loved to go out for a meal with congenial companions.

congenital

a

타고난, 선천적인

existing at birth

Doctors are able to cure some congenital deformities such as cleft palates by performing operations on infants.

conglomeration

n

(덩어리 모양의)집적, 집계, 병합

mass of material sticking together

In such a conglomeration of miscellaneous statistics, it was impossible to find a single area of analysis.

congruence

n

합동; 일치(성), 조화

correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship

The student demonstrated the congruence of the two triangles by using the hypotenuse-am theorem.

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conifer

n

침엽수; 구과식물

pine tree; cone-bearing tree

According to geologists, the conifers were the first plants to bear flowers.

conjecture

n

추측, 짐작, 억측

surmise; guess

I will end all your conjectures; I admit I am guilty as charged

conjugal

a

혼인상의, 결혼의, 부부(사이)의

pertaining to marriage

Their dreams of conjugal bliss were shattered as soon as their temperaments clashed.

conjure

v

(주문으로 악마 등을) 불러내다; 생각해내다, 상기시키다

summon a devil; practice magic; imagine; invent

He conjured up an image of a reformed city and had the voters completely under his spell.

connivance

n

묵인, 묵허, 위법행위의 묵인

pretense of ignorance of something wrong; assistance; permission to offend

With the connivance of his friends, he plotted to embarrass the teacher.

connoisseur

n

(미술품 따위의)감정가; 예술품 애호가

person competent to act as a judge of art, etc; a lover of an art

connotation

n

언외의 뜻, 함축, 내포

suggested or implied meaning of an expression

Foreigners frequently are unaware of the connotations of the words they use.

connubial

a

결혼의, 혼인의; 부부의

pertaining to marriage or the matrimonial state

In his telegram, he wished the newlyweds a lifetime of connubial bliss.

consanguinity

n

혈족, 인척(관계)

kinship

The lawsuit developed into a test of the consanguinity of the claimant to the estate.

conscientious

a

진지한, 신중한; 꼼꼼한, 세심한

scrupulous; careful

A conscientious editor, she checked every definition for its accuracy.

conscript

n

징모병, 신병, 징집병

draftee; person forced into military service

Did Rambo volunteer to fight in Vietnam, or was he a conscript, drafted against his will?

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consecrate

v

봉헌하다; (어떤 목적에)~을 바치다, 전념하다

dedicate; sanctify

We shall consecrate our lives to this noble purpose.

consensus

n

(여론, 의견 따위의)일치, 합의; 대다수의 의견,여론

general agreement

The consensus indicates that we are opposed to entering into this pact.

consequential

a

거만한, 거드름 피우는; 중대한, 중요한

pompous; self-important

convinced of his own importance, the actor strutted about the dressing room with a consequential air.

conservatory

n

미술학교, 음악학교

school of the fine arts(especially music or drama)

A gifted violinist, Marya was selected to study at the conservatory.

consign

v

위탁하다, 맡기다; ~을 제처놓다, 할당하다

deliver officially; entrust; set apart

The court consigned the child to her paternal grandmother's care.

consistency

n

일관성, 언행일치; 단단함, 견고

absence of contradictions; dependability; uniformity; degree of thickness

Holmes judged puddings and explanations on their consistency

console

v

(슬픔을)달래다, 위안하다, 위문하다

lessen sadness or disappointment; give comfort

When her father died, Marius did his best to console Cosette.

consonance

n

조화, 일치

harmony; agreement

Her agitation seemed out of consonance with her usual calm.

consort

v

사귀다; 조화하다

associate with

We frequently judge people by the company with whom they consort.

consort

n

(국왕, 여왕 등의)배우자; 벗, 동료

husband or wife

The search for a consort for the young Queen Victoria ended happily.

conspiracy

n

(반역, 살인 따위의) 공모, 음모, 모의

treacherous plot

Brutus and Cassius joined in the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar.

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constituent

n

선거인, 선거구, 주민; 구성요소, 성분

supporter

The congressman received hundreds of letters from angry constituents after the Equal Rights Amendment failed to pass.

constraint

n

제한, 속박; 압박감, 강제

compulsion; repression of feelings

There was a feeling of constraint in the room because no one dared to criticize the speaker.

construe

v

(문장)의 구문법을 설명하다; 해석하다, 분석하다

explain; interpret

If I construe your remarks correctly, you disagree with the theory already advanced.

consummate

a

완성된, 완전한; 순전한, 터무니없는

complete

I have never seen anyone who makes as many stupid errors as you do; you must be a consummate idiot.

contagion

n

전염, 감염, 전염병; 감화, 영향

infection

Fearing contagion, they took drastic steps to prevent the spread of the disease.

contaminate

v

오염시키다; 약에 물들게 하다

pollute

The sewage system of the city so contaminated the water that swimming was forbidden.

contempt

n

경멸, 멸시, 모욕

scorn; disdain

Even if you feel superior to others, it is unwise to show your contempt for them.

contend

v

싸우다, 다투다; 경쟁하다; 주장하다

struggle; compete; assert earnestly

In Revolt of the black Athlete, sociologist Harry Edwards contends that young black athletes have been exploited by some college recruiters.

contentious

a

다투기 좋아하는, 논쟁을 좋아하는

quarrelsome

We heard loud and contentious noises in the next room.

context

n

(글의)전후 관계, 문맥; (사건의)상황, 배경

writings preceding and following the passage quoted

Because these lines are taken out of context, they do not convey the message the author intended.

contiguous

a

접촉하는, 인접하는

adjacent to; touching upon

The two countries are contiguous for a few miles; then they are separated by the gulf.

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continence

n

자제; (특히 성욕의)절제, 금욕

self-restraint; sexual chastity

She vowed to lead a life of continence.

contingent

n

조건부인, ~여하에 달린; 있을 수 있는; 부수적인

conditional

The continuation of this contract is contingent on the quality of your first output.

contortion

n

뒤틀림

deformation

contraband

n

암거래 (품)

smuggled goods,

contravene

v

위반하다

violate; infract

contrite

a

죄를 뉘우치는

apologetic

contrived

a

부자연한

manufactured, nonnatural

controvert

v

논박하다,부인하다.

refute

contumacious

a

복종하지 않는,고집부리는

refractory

contusion

n

타박상, 좌상

discoloration, shiner

conundrum

n

수수께끼

enigma

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convene

v

소환하다

summon

conventional

a

전통적인

traditional

converge

v

모이다,집중하다

meet, approach

conversant

a

정통한, 잘 알고 있는

skilled

converse

n

반대 ,역

contrary, reverse

convert

n

개종자,전향자

apostate

convex

a

볼록면의

swollen, rounded

conveyance

n

운송기관

transportation

conviction

n

신념,확신

opinion, dogma

convivial

a

연회의,연회를 좋아하는

sociable, festal

convoke

v

( 회의를)소집하다

meet, gather

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convoluted

a

얽히고 설킨,복잡한

snaky, winding, complicated

copious

a

방대한, 많은

abundant, ample

coquette

n

요염한 여자,바람둥이 여자.

vamp

cordial

a

정중한; 진심에서 우러나오는,따듯한

polite; hearty, affectionate

cordon

n

비상 경계선

barrier, barricade

cornice

n

처마 돌림띠

cornucopia

n

풍요의 뿔

horn of plenty; abundance

corollary

n

결과, 필연적 귀결

aftermath, outcome

corporeal

a

신체의, 육신의

bodily, physical

corpulent

a

뚱뚱한,비대한

obese, plump

correlation

n

상호관계

interrelationship

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corroborate

v

확실하게 하다.확증하다

prove, verify

corrosive

a

부식성의

corrodible

corrugated

a

물결모양의 , 골진

fluted, bent into fold

cosmic

a

우주의 ,무한한

extraterrestrial, interstellar

coterie

n

(문예)동인,동아리

clique, faction, camp, crowd

countenance

v

인정하다, 너그럽게 보다.

endorse, support, encourage

countermand

v

취소하다. 소환하다

recall, call back

counterpart

n

서로 보완하는 2개 중의 하나,대응하는 것.비슷한 것.

a thing that completes another; things very much alike

Night and day are counterparts.

coup

n

(장사,사업등에서의) 대성공,쿠데타

highly successful action or sudden attack

As the news of his coup spread throughout Wall Street, his fellow brokers dropped by to congratulate him.

couple

v

결혼하다.결합하다.연결하다.

join, unite,

The Flying Karamazovs couple expert juggling and amateur joking in their nightclub act.

courier

n

급사,급한 소식을 전하는 사람,(관광 회사의)가이드,여행안내인.

messenger

The publisher sent a special courier to pick up the manuscript.

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covenant

n

계약,서약.

agreement

We must comply with the terms of the covenant.

covert

a

은밀한.숨겨진,암시된.

secret; hidden; implied.

She could understand the covert threat in the letter.

covetous

a

턱 없이 탐욕스러운,탐내는, 열망하는.

avaricious; eagerly desirous of.

The child was covetous by nature and wanted to take the toys belonging to his classmates.

cow

v

(폭력 따위로)...울 으르다. 위협하다.

terrorize; intimidate.

The little boy was so cowed by the hulking bully that he gave up his lunch money without a word of protest.

cower

v

(부끄러움,공포 때문에)움츠리다.위축되다.

shrink quivering, as from fear.

The frightened child cowered in the corner of the room.

coy

a

수줍어 하는,요염한.

shy, modest, coquettish

She was coy in her answers to his offer.

cozen

v

속이다.기만하다.

cheat, hoodwink, swindle.

He was the kind of individual who would cozen his friends in a cheap card game but remain eminently ethical in all his business dealings.

crabbed

a

성미가 까다로운.기분이 언짢은,(문제 따위가)난해한.

sour, peevish.

The children avoided the crabbed old man because he scolded them when they made noise.

crass

a

거친, 상스런,우둔한.어리석은.

very unrefined, grossly insensible.

The philosophers deplored the crass commercialism.

craven.

a

겁많은,비겁한. 비열한,

cowardly

When he saw the enemy troops advancing, he had a craven impulse to run for his life.

credence

n

믿음,신용, 신뢰.

belief

Do not place any credence in his promises.

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credo

n

신조,사도신경.

creed

I believe we may best describe his credo by saying that it approximates the Golden Rule.

credulity

n

남을 너무 잘 믿음

belief on slight evidence.

The witch doctor took advantage of the credulity of the superstitious natives.

creed

n

교의,신조,주의.

system of religious of ethical belief.

In any loyal American's creed, love of democracy must be emphasized.

crescendo

n

점강음,점점세짐.클라이막스.

increase in the volume or intensity, as in a musical passage. climax.

The overture suddenly changed from a quiet pastoral theme to a crescendo featuring blaring trumpets and clashing cymbals.

crestfallen

a

풀이 죽은,의기소침한,

dejected, dispirited,

We were surprised at his reaction to the failure of his project; instead of being crestfallen, he was busily engaged in planning new activities.

cull

v

고르다, 추려내다

pick out, single out

Every month the farmer culls the nonlaying hens from his flock and sells them to the local butcher.

culmination

n

최고점, 전성기

attainment of highest point

His inauguration as president of the United States marked the culmination of his political career.

culpable

a

비난 받을 만한, 과실이 있는

deserving blame

Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally culpable.

culvert

n

암거, 지하수로

artificial channel for water

If we build a culvert under the road, we will reduce the possibility of the road's being flooded during the rainy season.

cumbersome

a

무거운, 다루기 어려운

heavy, hard to manage

He was burdened down with cumbersome parcels

cumulative

a

점증적인, 누가적인

growing by addition

Vocabulary building is a cumulative process.

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cupidity

n

탐욕

greed

The defeated people could not satisfy the cupidity of the conquerors.

curator

n

관리자, 감독

superintendent, manager

The members of the board of trustees of the museum expected the new curator to plan popular events and exhibitions.

curmudgeon

n

구두쇠

churlish, miserly individual

Although he was regarded by many as a curmudgeon, a few of us were aware of his kindnesses and acts of charity.

cursive

a

흘려 쓴, 초서체의

flowing, running

In normal writing we run our letters together in cursive form.

cursory

a

피상적인, 겉핥기식의

casual, hastily done

A cursory exam. of the ruins indicates the possibility of arson.

curtail

v

단축하다, 삭감하다

shorten, reduce

During the coal shortage, we must curtail our use of this vital commodity.

cynical

a

냉소적인, 남을 믿지 않는

skeptical, distrustful of human motives

Cynical at all times, he was suspicious of all altruistic actions of others.

cynosure

n

남의 이목을 끄는 것, 찬미의 대상

the object of general attention

As soon as the movie star entered the room, she became the cynosure of all eyes.

dais

n

(귀빈, 강연자를 위한) 단, 연단

raised platform for guests of honor

When he approached the dais, he was greeted by cheers from the people who has come to honor him.

dally

v

희롱하다, 가지고 놀다; 꾸물거리다.

trifle with, procrastinate

Laertes told Ophelia that Hamlet could only dally with her affection.

dank

a

축축한, 습기가 많은

damp

The walls of the dungeon were dank and slimy.

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dapper

a

산뜻한, 말쑥한

neat and trim

An excessively dapper soul who could not stand to have a hair out of place.

dappled

a

얼룩 덜룩한

spotted

The sunlight filtering through the screens created a dappled effect on the wall.

daub

v

칠하다

smear(as with paint)

He daubed his paint on the canvas.

daunt

v

-을 위협하다, 겁나게 하다.

intimidate

Your threats can not daunt me.

dauntless

a

대담한, 두려움을 모르는

bold

The dauntless soldier volunteered for the assignment.

dawdle

v

시간을 낭비하다. 꾸물거리다.

loiter, waste time

Inasmuch as we must meet a deadline, do not dawdle over this work.

deadlock

n

막다른 상태, 정체

standstill, stalemate

The negotiations had reached a deadlock.

deadpan

a

무표정의

wooden, impassive

We wanted to see how long he could maintain his deadpan expression.

dearth

n

부족, 결핍

scarcity

The dearth of skilled labor compelled the employers to open trade schools.

debacle

n

와해, 대몰락

breaking up, downfall

This debacle in the government can only result in anarchy.

debase

v

(인격 따위를) 떨어 뜨리다.

reduce to lower state

Do not debase yourself by becoming maudlin.

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debauch

v

-을 타락시키다, 유혹하다.

corrupt, make intemperate

A vicious newspaper can debauch public ideals.

debilitate

v

약화시키다.

weaken, enfeeble

Overindulgence debilitates character as well as physical stamina.

debonair

a

예의가 바른, 공손한

friendly, aiming to please

The debonair youth was liked by all who met him.

debris

n

(파괴물의) 파편, 잔해

rubble

A full year after the earthquake in Mexico, they were still carting away the debris.

debunk

v

-의 정체를 폭로하다.

expose as false, exaggerated, worthless

Reporters debunked the candidate's claim that he was a fervent environmentalist.

debutante

n

첫 무대를 밟는 여배우

young woman making formal entrance into society

As a debutante, she was often mentioned in the society columns of the newspapers.

decadence

n

쇠퇴, 타락

decay

The moral decadence of the people was reflected in the lewd literature of the period.

decant

v

(술 따위를) 가만히 따르다.

pour off gently

Be sure to decant this wine before serving it.

decapitate

v

목을 베다, 참수형에 처하다.

behead

They did not hang Lady Jane Grey; they decapitated her.

decelerate

v

감속하다

slow down

Seeing the emergency blinkers in the road ahead, he decelerated quickly.

deciduous

a

낙엽송의

falling off, as of leaves

The oak is a deciduous tree.

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decimate

v

대량학살하다, 10명중 1명꼴로 죽이다

kill, usually one out of ten.

We do more to decimate our population in automobile accidents than we do in war,

decipher

v

암호를 풀다, 암호해독하다

decode

I could not decipher the doctor's handwriting.

declivity

n

내리막, 경사

downward slope

The children loved to ski down the declivity.

decollete

a

(옷에서) 목이 깊이 파인

having a low-cut neckline.

Fashion decrees that evening gowns be decollete this season; bare shoulders are again the vogue.

decomposition

n

분해; 썩음

decay.

Despite the body's advanced state of decomposition, the police were able to identify the murdered man.

decorum

n

예절

propriety ;seemliness

Shocked by the unruly behavior, the teacher criticized the class for it's lack of decorum

decoy

n

미끼

lure or bait

The wild ducks were not fooled by the decoy.

decrepitude

n

헐어빠짐; 아주 낡아 못 씀

state of collapse caused by illness or old age

I was unprepared for the state of decrepitude in which I had found my old friend ; he seemed to have aged twenty years in six months.

decry

v

비난하다, 욕하다, 경멸하다

express strong disapproval of; disparage.

The founder of the Children's Defense Fund, Marian Wright Edelman, strongly decries the lack of financial and moral support for children in America today.

deducible

a

추론가능한

derived by reasoning.

If we accept your premise, your conclusions are easily deducible.

deface

v

명예를 실추시키다

mar; disfigure

If you deface a library book, you will have to pay a hefty fine.

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defamation

n

오명을 씌움; 비방

harming a person's reputation.

Such defamation of character may result in a slander suit.

default

n

(법) 결석; 돈을 갚지 못함

failure to do

As a result of her husband's failure to appear in court, she was granted a divorce by default

defeatist

a

패배주의적인

resigned to defeat; accepting defeat as a natural outcome.

If you maintain your defeatist attitude, you will never succeed.

defection

n

망명

desertion

The children, who had made him an idol, were hurt most by his defection from our cause.

deference

n

존경의 표시, 머리 숙임

courteous regard for another's wish.

In deference to his desires, the employers granted him a holiday.

defile

v

더럽히다; 신성모독하다

pollute; profane.

The hoodlums defiled the church with their scurrilous writing.

definitive

a

확정적인

most reliable or complete.

Carl Sandburg's Abraham Lincoln may be regarded as the definitive work on the life of the Great Emancipator.

deflect

v

피해가다; 튕겨 나가다

turn aside.

His life was saved when his cigarette case deflected the bullet.

defoliate

v

숲을 없애다, 삼림을 제거하다

destroy leaves.

In Vietnam the army made extensive use of chemical agents to defoliate the woodlands.

defray

v

지불하다; 변제하다

provide for the payment of.

Her employer offered to defray the costs of her postgraduate education

defrock

v

신부직을 박탈하다

to strip a priest or minister of church authority.

We knew the minister had violated church regulations, but we had not realized his offense was serious enough to cause him to be defrocked.

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deft

a

솜씨 좋은

neat; skillful

The deft waiter uncorked the champagne without spilling a drop.

defunct

a

죽은; 기능이 정지된

dead; no longer in use or existence.

The lawyers sought to examine the books of the defunct corporation.

degenerate

a

타락한; 쇠퇴한

become worse; deteriorate.

As the fight dragged on, the champion's style degenerated until he could barely keep on his feet.

degraded

a

강등된; 명예가 실추된

lowed in rank; debased.

The degraded wretch spoke only of his past glories and honors.

dehydrate

v

탈수시키다; 말리다

remove water from; dry out.

Vigorous dancing quickly dehydrates the body; between dances, be sure to drink more water than normal.

deify

v

신격화하다

turn into a god; idolize.

Admire the rock star all you want; just don't deify him.

deign

v

감히...하다; 겸손히 행하다

condescend.

He felt that he would debase himself if he deigned to answer his critics.

delete

v

삭제하다

erase; strike out.

If you delete this paragraph, the composition will have more appeal.

deleterious

a

해로운

harmful

Workers in nuclear research must avoid the deleterious effects of radioactive substances.

deliberate

v

숙고하다

consider; ponder.

Offered the new job, she asked for time to deliberate before she made her decision.

delineate

v

묘사하다

portray.

He is a powerful storyteller, but he is weakest when he attempts to delineate character.

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delirium

n

발광; 광적인 기쁨

mental disorder marked by confusion.

The drunkard in his delirium saw strange animals.

delta

n

델타, 삼각주

flat plain of mud or sand between branches of a river.

His dissertation discussed the effect of intermittent flooding on the fertility of Nile delta.

delude

v

속이다; 헛된 생각을 갖게 하다

deceive.

Do not delude yourself into believing that he will relent.

deluge

n

홍수

flood; rush.

When we advertised the position, we received a deluge of applications.

delusion

n

망상

false belief; hallucination

This scheme is a snare and a delusion.

delusive

a

망상적인; 속임수적인

deceptive; raising vain hopes.

Do not raise your hopes on the basis of his delusive promises.

delve

v

탐구하다; 깊히 조사하다

dig; investigate.

Delving into old books and manuscripts is part of a researcher's job.

demagogue

n

선동자

person who appeals to people's prejudice; false leader.

He was accused of being a demagogue because he made premises that aroused futile hopes in his listeners.

demean

v

품위를 떨어뜨리다,수치를 주다

degrade, humiliate

He felt that he would demean himself if he replied to the scurrilous letter.

demeanor

n

행실, 품행, 태도

behavior; bearing

His sober demeanor quieted the noisy revelers.

demented

a

정신을 잃은, 실성한, 발광한

insane

Doctor Demento was a radio personality who liked to act as if he were truly demented, if you're demented, your mental state is out of whack; in other words, you're wacky.

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demise

n

사망, 서거; (재산권 등의)양도

death

Upon the demise of the dictator, a bitter dispute about succession to power developed.

demographic

a

인구 통계학(상)의, 인구 통계학적인

related to population balance

In conducting a survey, one should take into account demographic trends in the region.

demolition

n

파괴, 해체, 폭파

destruction

One of the major aims of the air force was the complete demolition of all means of transportation by the bombing of rail lines and terminals.

demoniac

a

악마의, 악마같은; 흉악한, 포악한

fiendish

The Spanish Inquisition devised many demoniac means of torture.

demotic

a

민중의, 통속적인

pertaining to the people

He lamented the passing of aristocratic society and maintained that a demotic society would lower the nation's standards.

demur

v

반대하다, 이의를 제기하다; 망설이다, 주저하다

object (because of doubts, scruples); hesitate

When offered a post on the board of directors, David demurred

denigrate

v

검게 하다; 더럽히다, 모욕하다

blacken

All attempts to denigrate the character of our late President have failed; the people still love him and cherish his memory.

denizen

n

주민, 주거자, 공민, 거류민

inhabitant or resident; regular visitor

IN the Untouchables, Eliot Ness fights Al Capone and the other denizens of Chicago's underworld. Ness's fight against corruption was the talk of all the denizens of the local bars.

denotation

n

표시; 명찰; 의미

meaning; distinguishing by name

A dictionary will always give us the denotation of a word; frequently, it will also give us its connotation.

denouement

n

대단원; 해결, 낙착

outcome; final development of the plot of a play or other literary work

The play was childishly written; the denouement was obvious to sophisticated theatergoers as early as the middle of the first act.

denounce

v

(공공연히)…을 비난하다, 규탄하다; 고발하다, 적발하다

condemn; criticize

The reform candidate denounced the corrupt city officers for having betrayed the public's trust.

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depict

v

묘사하다, 그리다

portray

In this sensational expose, the author depicts Beatle John Lennon as a drug-crazed neurotic. Do you question the accuracy of this depiction of Lennon?

deplete

v

써버리다, (저장하고 있는 것을)격감시키다

reduce; exhaust

We must wait until we deplete our present inventory before we order replacements.

deplore

v

깊이 후회하다; 애통해 하다, 한탄하다

regret

Although I deplore the vulgarity of your language, I defend your language, I defend your right to express yourself freely.

deploy

v

전개하다, 배치하다

spread out [troops] in an extended though shallow battle line

The general ordered the battalion to deploy in order to meet the enemy offensive.

depose

v

면직하다, (왕)을 퇴위시키다

dethrone; remove from office

The army attempted to depose the king and set up a military government.

deposition

n

면직, 폐위; 공탁, 기탁; 증언(공술)서; 선서 증언

testimony under oath

She made her deposition in the judge's chamber.

depravity

n

타락, 부패, 비행

extreme corruption; wickedness

The depravity of Caligula's behavior eventually sickened even those who had willingly participated in his earlier, comparatively innocent orgies.

deprecate

v

비난하다, 반대하다, …을 헐뜯다, 경시하다

express disapproval of; protest against; belittle

A firm believer in old-fashioned courtesy, Miss Post deprecated the modern tendency to address new acquaintances by their first names.

depreciate

v

(가치를)저하시키다, (특히 시장)가격을 떨어뜨리다

lessen in value

If you neglect this property, it will depreciate.

depredation

n

약탈; 파괴흔적, 약탈행위

plundering

After the depredations of the invaders, the people were penniless.

deranged

a

혼란한; 미친

insane

He had to be institutionalized because he was deranged.

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derelict

a

유기된, 버려진; 직무 태만의

abandoned; negligent

The derelict craft was a menace to navigation. Whoever abandoned it in the middle of the harbor was derelict in living up to his responsibilities as a boat owner.

deride

v

비웃다, 조롱하다

ridicule; make fun of

The critics derided his pretentious dialogue and refused to consider his play seriously.

derision

n

비웃음, 조소

ridicule

They greeted her proposal with derision and refused to consider it seriously.

derivative

a

유래된, 파생된, 2차적인; 유도적인, 끌어낸

unoriginal; obtained from another source

Although her early poetry was clearly derivative in nature, the critics thought she had promise and eventually would find her own voice.

dermatologist

n

피부병 의사

one who studies the skin and its diseases

I advise you to consult a dermatologist about your acne.

derogatory

a

품위가 없는, 품위를 손상시키는

ADJ. expressing a low opinion

I resent your derogatory remarks.

descry

v

식별하다, 알아보다

V. catch sight of

In the distance, we could barely descry the enemy vessels.

desecrate

v

신성함을 더럽히다.

V. profane; violate the sanctity of

The soldiers desecrated the temple.

desiccate

v

습기를 제거하다.

V. dry up

A tour of this smokehouse will give you an idea of how the pioneers used to desiccate food in order to preserve it.

desolate

v

황폐케하다, 저버리다.

V. rob of joy; lay waste to; forsake. ADJ.

The bandits desolated the countryside, burning farms and carrying off the harvest.

despicable

a

비열한, 경멸스런

ADJ. contemptible

Your despicable remarks call for no reply.

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despise

v

경멸하다.

V. scorn.

I despise your attempts to ruin the burgeoning atmosphere of mutual respect.

despoil

v

약탈하다

V. plunder

If you do not yield, I am afraid the enemy will despoil the countryside.

despondent

a

낙심한, 풀이죽은

ADJ. depressed; gloomy. despondency, N.

To the dismay of his parents, he became more and more despondent every day.

despotism

n

압제, 독제, 억압

tyranny

The people rebelled against the despotism of the king.

destitute

a

가난한, 궁핍한

extremely poor

The illness left the family destitute.

desuetude

n

무용, 쓰이지 않음

disused condition

The machinery in the idle factory was in a state of desuetude.

desultory

a

체계성이 없는, 마구잡이식의

aimless; unsystematic; jumping around

The animals' desultory behavior indicated that they had no awareness of their predicament.

detached

a

공정한, 초연한

ADJ. emotionally removed; calm and objective; indifferent.

A psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of view and stay uninvolved with her patients' personal lives.

detergent

n

세제

cleansing agent

Many new detergents have replaced soap.

determinate

a

확정적인, 확고한

ADJ. having a fixed order of procedure; invariable.

At the royal wedding, the procession of the nobles followed a determinate order of precedence.

deterrent

n

방해물

N. something that discourages; hindrance.

Does the threat of capital punishment serve as a deterrent to potential killers?

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detonation

n

폭발

explosion

The detonation could be heard miles away.

detraction

n

중상, 비방

slandering; aspersion

He is offended by your frequent detractions from his ability as a leader.

detriment

n

해, 저해, 방해

harm; damage

Your acceptance of his support will ultimately prove to be a detriment rather than an aid to your cause.

detrimental

a

해로운

ADJ. harmful; damaging.

Your acceptance of her support will ultimately prove detrimental rather than helpful to your cause.

deviate

v

일탈하다, 벗어나다

turn away from

Do not deviate from the truth.

devious

a

일탈적인, 비정상적인, 악한

going astray; erratic

Your devious behavior in this matter puzzles me since you are usually direct and straightforward.

devoid

a

결핍된,없는, 부족한

lacking

He was devoid of any personal desire for gain in his endeavor to secure improvement in the community.

devolve

v

위임하다, 맡기다

deputize; pass to others

It devolved upon us, the survivors, to arrange peace terms with the enemy.

devotee

n

헌신자, 열성자

enthusiastic follower

A devotee of the opera, he bought season tickets every year.

devout

a

독신한, 헌신적인

pious

The devout man prayed daily.

dexterous

a

솜씨가 좋은, 손재주가 좋은

skillful

The magician was so dexterous that we could not follow his movements as he performed his tricks.

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diabolical

a

사악한, 악마의

devilish

This scheme is so diabolical that I must reject it.

diadem

n

왕관

crown

The king's diadem was on display at the museum.

dialectic

n

논리적 토론술; 변증법

art of debate

I am not skilled in dialectic and, therefore, cannot answer your arguments as forcefully as I wish.

diaphanous

a

투명한, 비치는

sheer; transparent

They saw the burglar clearly through the diaphanous curtain.

diatribe

n

통렬한 비난

N. bitter scolding; invective.

During the lengthy diatribe delivered by his opponent he remained calm and self-controlled.

dichotomy

n

분지, 나누어짐

N. branching into two parts.

The dichotomy of our legislative system provides us with many safeguards.

dictum

n

선언, 언명

N. authoritative and weighty statement.

She repeated the statement as though it were the dictum of the most expert worker in the group.

didactic

a

교훈적인, 훈시적인

ADJ. teaching; instructional; preaching or moralizing

The didactic qualities of his poetry overshadow its literary qualities; the lesson he teaches is more memorable than the lines.

die

n

금형

N. device for stamping or impressing; mold

In coining pennies, workers at the old mint squeezed sheets of softened copper between two dies.

diffidence

n

자신없음, 수줍음

N. shyness

You must overcome your diffidence if you intend to become a salesperson.

diffusion

n

확산

N. wordiness; spreading in all directions like a gas.

Your composition suffers from a diffusion of ideas; try to be more compact.

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digression

n

본론에서 벗어남

N. wandering away from the subject

Nobody minded when Professor Renoir's lectures wandered away from their official theme; his digressions were always more fascinating than the topic of the day.

dilapidated

a

황폐한, 파손된

ADJ. ruined because of neglect

We felt that the dilapidated building needed several coats of paint.

dilate

v

팽창시키다.

V. expand

In the dark, the pupils of your eyes dilate.

dilatory

a

꾸물거리는, 지체하는

ADJ. delaying

Your dilatory tactics may compel me to cancel the contract.

dilemma

n

궁지

N. problem; choice of two unsatisfactory alternatives

In this dilemma, he knew no one to whom he could turn for advice.

dilettante

n

문학·예술 애호가; 아마추어 평론가

aimless follower of the arts; amateur; dabbler

He was not serious in his painting; he was rather a dilettante.

diligence

a

부지런함, 근면; 노력

steadiness of effort; persistent hard work

Her employers were greatly impressed by her diligence and offered her a partnership in the firm.

dilute

v

묽게 하다, 희석하다; 희박하게 하다

make less concentrated; reduce in strength

She preferred her coffee diluted with milk.

diminution

n

감소, 축소, 단축

lessening; reduction in size

Old Jack was as sharp at eighty as he had been at fifty; increasing age led to no diminution of his mental acuity.

din

n

시끄러운 소리, 소음

continued loud noise

The din of the jackhammers outside the classroom window drowned out the lecturer's voice.

dinghy

n

(대형 배·요트 따위에 딸려있는)작은 배

small boat (often ship's boat)

In the film Lifeboat, an ill-assorted group of passengers from a sunken ocean liner are marooned at sea in a dinghy.

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dingy

a

거무스레한, 우중충한, 음산한

dull; not fresh; cheerless

Refusing to be depressed by her dingy studio apartment, Bea spent the weekend polishing the floors and windows and hanging bright posters on the walls.

dint

n

힘, 노력; 수단

means; effort

By dint of much hard work, the volunteers were able to control the raging forest fire.

diorama

n

(작은 입체 모형에 의한)실경, 축소세트

life-size, three-dimensional scene from nature or history

Because they dramatically pose actual stuffed animals against realistic painted landscapes, the dioramas at the Museum of Natural History particularly impress high school biology students.

dire

a

무서운, 불길한; 비참한; 절박한, 긴급한

disastrous

People ignored her dire predictions of an approaching depression.

dirge

n

장송가, 애가, 비가

lament with music

The funeral dirge stirred us to tears.

disabuse

v

미혹을 풀어주다, 깨우치다

correct a false impression; undeceive

I will attempt to disabuse you of your impression of my client's guilt; I know he is innocent.

disaffected

a

불평(불만)을 품은, 정나미가 떨어진

disloyal

Once the most loyal of Gorbachev's supporters, Sheverdnaze found himself becoming increasingly disaffected.

disapprobation

n

불찬상, 부동, 불만; 부인; 비난

disapproval; condemnation

The conservative father viewed his daughter's radical boyfriend with disapprobation.

disarray

n

난맥, 혼잡, 혼란

disorderly or untidy state

After the New Year's party, the once orderly house was in total disarray.

disavowal

n

거부, 부인

denial; disclaiming

His disavowal of his part in the conspiracy was not believed by the jury.

disband

v

(조직)을 해산하다; (군대)를 해체시키다; …을 제대시키다

dissolve; disperse

The chess club disbanded after its disastrous initial season.

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disburse

v

지불하다

pay out

When you disburse money on the company's behalf, be sure to get a receipt.

discernible

a

인정할 수 있는, 인식(식별)할 수 있는; 분별(분간)할 수 있는

distinguishable; perceivable

The ships in the harbor were not discernible in the fog.

discerning

a

통찰력이 있는, 총명한

mentally quick and observant; having insight

Though no genius, the star was sufficiently discerning to distinguish her true friends from the countless phonies who flattered her.

disclaim

v

(권리 따위를)포기하다; (책임 따위를)부인하다

disown; renounce claim to

If I grant you this privilege, will you disclaim all other rights?

disclose

v

폭로하다, 들추어내다, 적발하다, 밝혀내다

reveal

Although competitors offered him bribes, he refused to disclose any information about his company's forthcoming product.

discombobulated

a

혼란된, 당황된

confused; discomposed

The novice square dancer became so discombobulated that he wandered into the wrong set.

discomfit

v

패주시키다; 전복(좌절)시키다; 당황하게 하다

put to rout; defeat; disconcert

This ruse will discomfit the enemy.

disconcert

v

당황케 하다; (계획 따위)를 좌절시키다

confuse; upset; embarrass

The lawyer was disconcerted by the evidence produced by her adversary.

disconsolate

a

서글픈, 울적한, 마음 둘 곳 없는

sad

The death of his wife left him disconsolate.

discord

n

부조화, 불일치, 알력, 논쟁

conflict; lack of harmony

Watching Tweedledum battle Tweedledee, Alice wondered what had caused this pointless discord.

discordant

a

조화(일치)하지 않는; (음성이)귀에 거슬리는

not harmonious; conflicting

Nothing is quite so discordant as the sound of a junior high school orchestra tuning up.

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discount

v

고려에 넣지 않다, 도외시하다

disregard

Be prepared to discount what he has to say about his ex-wife.

discourse

n

강연, 설교; 이야기, 담화

formal discussion; conversation

The young Plato was drawn to the Agora to hear the philosophical discourse of Socrates and his followers.

discredit

v

신용을 떨어뜨리다, 믿지 않게 하다; 의심하다

defame; destroy confidence in; disbelieve

The campaign was highly negative in tone; each candidate tried to discredit the other.

discrepancy

n

(진술·계산 따위의)차이, 불일치, 모순

lack of consistency; difference

The police noticed some discrepancies in his description of the crime and did not believe him.

discrete

a

분리된, 불연속의; 추상적인

separate; unconnected

The universe is composed of discrete bodies.

discretion

n

사려 분별, 신중성; 자유재량

prudence; ability to adjust actions to circumstances

Use your discretion in this matter and do not discuss it with anyone.

discriminating

n

식별력, 판별력, 안식, 안목; 편견

able to see differences; prejudiced

A superb interpreter of Picasso, she was sufficiently discriminating to judge the most complex works of modern art.

discursive

a

(이야기가) 종잡을 수 없는, 산만한

digressing; rambling

As the lecturer wandered from topic to topic, we wondered what if any point there was to his discursive remarks.

disdain

v

경멸하다

view with scorn or contempt

In the film Funny Face, the bookish heroine disdained fashion models for their lack of intellectual interests.

disembark

v

상륙시키다; 상륙하다

go ashore; unload cargo from a ship

Before the passengers could disembark, they had to pick up their passports from the ship 's purser.

disenfranchise

v

시민(선거)권을 박탈하다; 특권을 박탈하다

deprive of a civil right

The imposition of the poll tax effectively disenfranchised poor Southern blacks, who lost their right to vote.

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disengage

v

끌다, 놓아주다, (약속·의무로부터)…을 해방시키다; 떨어지다

uncouple; separate; disconnect

A standard movie routine involves the hero's desperate attempt to disengage a railroad car from a moving train.

disfigure

v

형태(외관)를 망가뜨리다, 보기 흉하게 하다, 훼손시키다

mar the appearance of; spoil

An ugly frown disfigured her normally pleasant face.

disgorge

v

(부정 소득 따위)를 마지못해 내놓다; 분출하다, 방출하다, 게우다

surrender something; eject; vomit

Unwilling to disgorge the cash he had stolen from the pension fund, the embezzler tried to run away.

disgruntle

v

기분 상하게 하다

make discontented

The passengers were disgruntled by the numerous delays.

dishearten

v

낙심시키다, 용기를 잃게 하다.

discourage

His failure to pass the bar exam disheartened him.

disheveled

a

(머리털이)흐트러진, 헝클어진, 옷차림이 단정치 못한

untidy

Your disheveled appearance will hurt your chances in the interview.

disinclination

n

마음이 내키지 않음, 싫증

unwillingness

Some mornings I feel a great disinclination to get our of bed.

disingenuous

a

엉큼한, 음흉한, 계산적인,부정직한

not naive, sophisticated

Although he was young, his remarks indicated that he was disingenuous.

disinter

v

(땅속,무덤에서)파내다.

dig up, unearth

They disinterred the body and held an autopsy.

disinterested

a

사심이 없는, 편견이 없는, 공평한, 냉담한

unprejudiced

The only disinterested person in the room was the judge.

disjointed

a

관절이 퉁겨진, 혼란한, 체계가 서지 않은

disconnected

His remarks were so disjointed that we could not follow his reasoning.

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dislodge

v

제거하다, 없애다

remove(forcibly)

dismantle

v

(가구,기구, 설비를)..에서 제거하다, 철거하다, 분해하다.

take apart

When the show closed, they dismantled the scenery before storing it.

dismember

v

팔, 다리를 따로따로 하다, 나라등을 분할, 해체하다.

cut into small parts

When the Austrian Empire was dismembered, several new countries were established.

dismiss

v

포기하다, 제거하다, 잊어버리다

put away from consideration, reject

Believing in John's love for her, she dismissed the notion that he might be unfaithful.

disparage

v

깔보다, 과소 평가하다, 혈뜯다, 비난하다

belittle

do not disparage anyone's contribution ; these little gifts add up to large sums

disparate

a

이종의, 본질적으로 다른, 연관이 없는

basically different, unrelated

It is difficult, if not impossible, to organize these disparate elements into a coherent whole.

disparity

n

불일치, 불평등, 불균형

difference, condition of inequality

The disparity in their ages made no difference at all.

dispassionate

a

감정에 흔들리지 않는, 냉정한, 공정한

calm, impartial

In a dispassionate analysis of the problem, he carefully examined the causes of the conflict and proceeded to suggest suitable remedies.

dispatch

n

(일따위의)재빠른 처리, 신속함, 급속 공문서

speediness, prompt execution, message sent with all due speed

Young Napoleon defeated the enemy with all possible dispatch; he then sent a dispatch to headquarters, informing his commander of the great victory.

dispel

v

쫓아버리다, 사방으로 흩어지게 하다.

scatter

The police fired tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters.

disperse

v

흩어지게 하다, 산란시키다, 산개시키다

scatter

The police fired the tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters.

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dispirited

a

기가 꺽인, 풀이 죽은

lacking in spirit

The coach used all the tricks at his command to buoy up the enthusiasm of his team, which had become dispirited at the loss of the star player.

disport

v

흥겹게 놀다, 즐기다, 장난하다

amuse

The popularity of Florida as a winter resort is constantly increasing; each year, thousands more disport themselves at Miami Palm Beach.

disputatious

a

논쟁적인, 논쟁을 좋아하는, 논쟁하는 대상이 되는

argumentative; fond of argument

People avoided discussing contemporary problems with him because of his disputatious manner.

disquisition

n

탐구, 논문, 논고

a formal systematic inquiry; an explanation of the results of a formal inquiry

In his disquisition, he outlined the steps he had taken in reaching his conclusions.

dissection

n

절개, 해부, 해체, 분석

analysis; cutting apart in order to examine

the dissection of frogs in the laboratory is particularly unpleasant to some students.

dissemble

v

숨기다, 가장하다

disguise; pretend

Even though you are trying to dissemble your motive in joining this group, we can see through your pretense.

disseminate

v

퍼트리다, 전파하다

scatter(like seeds)

The invention of the radio has helped propagandists to disseminate their favorite doctrines very easily.

dissent

v

의견을 달리하다, 동의하지 않다.

disagree

In the recent Supreme Court decision, Justice Marshall dissented from the majority opinion.

dissertation

n

(특히 박사학위)논문, 논설

formal essay

In order to earn a graduate degree from many of our universities, a candidate is frequently required to prepare a dissertation on some scholarly subject.

dissident

a

의견을 달리하는, 반대하는

dissenting; rebellious

In the purge that followed the student demonstrations at Tianamen Square, the government hunted down the dissident students and their supporters.

dissimulate

v

(감정등을) 숨기다, ..인체 하다

pretend; conceal by feigning

She tried to dissimulate her grief by her exuberant attitude.

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dissipate

v

(구름, 안개따위를)흩뜨리다, 낭비하다, 탕진하다

squander

The young man quickly dissipated his inheritance and was soon broke.

dissolution

n

분리, 해체, 해산

disintegration, looseness in morals

The profligacy and dissolution of life in Caligula's Rome appall some historians.

dissonance

n

불협화음, 부조화

discord

some contemporary musicians deliberately use dissonance to achieve certain effects.

dissuade

v

충고하여 단념시키다.

advise against

He could not dissuade his friend from joining the conspirators.

distant

a

(거리적으로) 떨어진, 먼;태도가 쌀쌀한

reserved or aloof; could in manner

His distant greeting made me feel unwelcome from the start.

distend

v

팽창시키다, 부풀다

expand; swell out

I can tell when he is under stress by the way the veins distend on his forehead.

distill

v

증류하다, 정제하다, 만들다

purify; refine; concentrate

A moonshiner distills mash into whisky; an epigrammatist distills thoughts into quips.

distortion

n

왜곡, 뒤틀린 상태, 곡해

twisting out of shape

It is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts of this event because of the distortions and exaggerations written by the reporters.

distrait

a

멍한, 방심상태의

absent-minded

because of his concentration on the problem, the professor often appeared distrait and unconcerned about routine.

distraught

a

마음이 산란한, 미친듯한

upset; distracted by anxiety

The distraught parents frantically searched the ravine for their lost child.

diurnal

a

매일의, 날마다의, 대낮의, 하루동안의

daily

A farmer cannot neglect his diurnal tasks at any time; cows, for example, must be milked regularly.

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diva

n

가극의 주역 여성 가수, 프리마돈나

operatic singer; prima donna

Although world famous as a diva, she did not indulge in fits of temperament.

diverge

v

갈라져 나오다, 분기하다

vary; go in different directions from the same point

The spokes of the wheel diverge from the hub.

divergent

a

벗어난, 이탈하는, 갈라지는, 분기하는

differing, deviating

The two witnesses presented the jury with remarkably divergent accounts of the same episode.

divest

v

벗기다, 박탈하다

strip, deprive

He was divested of his power to act

divination

n

마력의 도움으로 미래를 예시함

foreseeing the future with the aid of magic

I base my opinions not on any special gift of divination but on the laws of probability

divulge

v

폭로하다

reveal

I will not tell you this news because I am sure you will divulge it prematurely

docile

a

순종하는, 쉽게 조종되는

obedient, easily managed

As docile as he seems today, that old lion was once a ferocious, snarling beast.

docket

n

미결소송사건 일람표

program, as for trial; book where such entries are made

The case of Smith vs. Jones was entered in the docket for July 15.

doddering

a

흔들리는, 늙어서 떨리는

shaky, infirm from old age

Although he is not as yet a doddering and senile old man, his ideas and opinions no longer can merit the respect we gave them years ago.

doff

v

벗다

take off

He doffed his hat to the lady

doggerel

n

보잘것 없는 시

poor verse

Although we find occasional snatches of genuine poetry in his writing is mere doggerel.

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dogmatic

a

적극적인, 독단적인

arbitrary, dictatorial

Do not be so dogmatic about that statement; it can be easily refuted.

dolorous

a

슬픔에 찬

sorrowful

He found the dolorous lamentations of the bereaved family emotionally disturbing and he left as quickly as he could.

dolt

n

바보같은 사람

stupid person

I thought I was talking to a mature audience; instead, I find myself addressing a pack of dolts and idiots.

domicile

n

집, 주소

home

Although his legal domicile was in New York city, his work kept him away from his residence for many years.

dormant

a

잠자는, 혼수상태의, 동면한

sleeping, lethargic, torpid

Sometimes dormant talents in our friends surprise those of us who never realized how gifted acquaintances really were.

dorsal

a

(동물의) 등의

relating to the back of an animal

A shark may be identified by its dorsal in which projects above the surface of the ocean.

dotage

n

노쇠, 망령

senility

In his dotage, the old man bored us with long tales of events in his childhood.

doughty

a

용기있는

courageous

Many folk tales have sprung up about this doughty pioneer who opened up the New World for his followers.

dour

a

부루뚱한, 완고한

sullen, stubborn

The man was dour and taciturn.

dregs

n

침전물, 무가친한 잔재

sediment, worthless residue

The dregs of society may be observed in this slum area of the city.

droll

a

우스꽝스러운

queer and amusing

He was a popular guest because his droll anecdotes were always entertaining.

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dross

n

폐기물, 무가치한 불순물

waste matter, worthless impurities

Many methods have been devised to separate the valuable metal from the dross.

drudgery

n

힘드는 육체 노동

menial work

Cinderella's fairy godmother rescued her from a life of drudgery.

dubious

a

의심스런

doubtful

He has the dubious distinction of being the lowest ranked member of his class.

duenna

n

소녀감독부, 여성보호자

attendant of young female, chaperone

Their romance could not flourish because of the presence of her duenna.

dulcet

a

감미로운 소리가 나는

sweet sounding

The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were soon drowned out by the roar of traffic passing our motel.

duplicity

n

이중성, 위선

double-dealing, hypocrisy

People were shocked and dismayed when they learned of his duplicity in this affair for he had always seemed honest and straightforward.

durance

n

억제, 감금

restraint, imprisonment

The lecturer spoke of a "durance vile" to describe his years in the prison camp.

duress

n

강제구속, 감금; 협박

forcible restraint, especially unlawfully

The hostages were held under duress until the prisoners' demands were met.

dutiful

a

공손한, 예의바른; 순종하는, 충실한

respectful; obedient

The dutiful child grew up to be a conscientious adult, aware of his civic obligations.

dwindle

v

줄다; 감소하다

shrink; reduce

They spent so much money that their funds dwindled to nothing.

dynamic

a

동력의, 역동적인, 역학의, 동태적인

active; efficient

A dynamic government is necessary to meet the demands of a changing society.

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dyspeptic

a

소화 불량의; 위병에 걸린; 우울한

suffering from indigestion

All the talk about rich food made him feel dyspeptic.

earthy

a

거친, 야비한, 상스러운; 자연 그대로의, 꾸밈없는

unrefined; coarse

His earthy remarks often embarrassed the women in his audience.

ebb

v

감퇴하다, 쇠퇴하다

recede; lessen

His fortunes began to ebb during the recession.

ebullient

a

(원기 따위가) 끓어 넘치는, 용솟음치는

showing excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm

His ebullient nature could not be repressed; he was always exuberant.

eccentric

a

괴상한, (행동 따위가) 상궤를 벗어난; 변덕스러운; 불규칙적인

odd; whimsical; irregular

The comet passed close by the earth in its eccentric orbit.

eccentricity

n

(옷차림, 행동 따위의) 괴벽, 기괴함, 괴이한 짓

oddity; idiosyncrasy

Some of his friends tried to account for his rudeness to strangers as the eccentricity of genius.

ecclesiastic

a

(그리스도) 교회에 관한, 성직의

pertaining to the church

The minister donned his ecclesiastic garb and walked to the pulpit.

eclectic

a

(여러가지 재료에서)취사 선책하는; 절충주의의, 절충적인

selective; composed of elements drawn from disparate sources

His style of interior decoration was eclectic

eclipse

v

(빛을)어둡게 하다; (남의 명성의) 빛을 잃게 하다, (남을) 능가하다

darken; extinguish; surpass

The new stock market high eclipsed the previous record set in 1985.

ecologist

n

생태학자

person concerned with the interrelationship between living organisms and their environment

The ecologist was concerned that the new dam would upset the natural balance of the creatures living in Glen Canyon.

economy

n

절약, 절용; 경제; (하늘의) 섭리, 신려

efficiency or conciseness in using something

Reading the epigrams of Pope, I admire the economy of his verse

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ecstasy

n

무아의 경지, 황홀경; 미칠듯한 기쁨

rapture, joy; any overpowering emotion

The announcement that the war had ended brought on an ecstasy that resulted in many uncontrolled celebrations.

eddy

n

소용돌이, 회오리바람

swirling current of water, air, etc

The water in the tide pool was still, except for an occasional eddy.

edify

v

덕성을 기르다, 교화(계발)하다

instruct; correct morally

Although his purpose was to edify and not to entertain his audience, many of his listeners were amused and not enlightened.

eerie

a

등골이 오싹하는, 무시무시한

weird

In that eerie setting, it was easy to believe in ghosts and other supernatural beings.

efface

v

지우다, 말살하다, 삭제하다

rub out

The coin had been handled so many times that its date had been effaced.

effectual

a

유효한, 효과 있는; 충분한

efficient

If we are to succeed, we must seek effectual means of securing our goals.

effervescence

v

(탄산수 따위가) 비등하다, 거품이 일며 나오다; (사람이) 흥분하다

inner excitement; exuberance

Nothing depressed her for long; her natural effervescence soon reasserted itself.

effete

a

무력해진, 쇠퇴한; 생산력이 없는

worn out; exhausted; barren

The literature of the age reflected the effete condition of the writers; no new ideas were forthcoming.

efficacy

n

효험, 효능, 유효

power to produce desired effect

The efficacy of this drug depends on the regularity of the dosage.

effigy

n

초상; 우상, 인형

dummy

The mob showed its irritation by hanging the judge in effigy.

effluvium

n

악취, 취기; 증발

noxious smell

Air pollution has become a serious problem in our major cities; the effluvium and the poisons in the air are hazards to life.

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effrontery

n

뻔뻔스러움

shameless boldness

She had the effrontery to insult the guest.

effusion

n

(액체의) 유출(물); (언어, 감정 따위의) 토로

pouring forth; gushing

Her effusive manner of greeting her friends finally began to irritate them.

egoism

n

이기주의, 이기심

excessive interest in one's self; belief that one should be interested in one's self rather than in

His egoism prevented him from seeing the needs of his colleagues.

egotism

n

자기중심의 성벽; 자만, 자부, 자기 본위

conceit; vanity

She thought so much of herself that we found her egotism unwarranted and irritating.

egregious

a

지독한, 언어 도단의, 얼토당토 않는

notorious; conspicuously bad; shocking

She was an egregious liar; we all knew better than to believe a word she said.

egress

n

(특히 격리된 곳에서)밖으로 나감; 출구

exit

Barnum's sign "To the Egress" fooled many people who thought they were going to see an animal and instead found themselves in the street.

ejaculation

n

갑작스런 외침(탄성); 사출, 사정

exclamation

He could not repress an ejaculation of surprise when he heard the news.

elaboration

n

퇴고; 공들인 마무름; 정교

addition of details; intricacy

Tell what happened simply, without any elaboration.

elated

a

신이 난, 우쭐대는, 의기양양한

overjoyed; in high spirits

Grinning from ear to ear, Bonnie Blair was clearly elated by her Olympic victory.

elegy

n

(남의 죽음을 애도하는)애가; (명상적인)비가

poem or song expressing lamentation

On the death of Edward King, Milton composed the elegy "Lycidas."

elicit

v

(진리 따위를) 끌어내다, 자아내다, 유도하다

draw out by discussion

The detectives tried to elicit where he had hidden his loot.

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elixir

n

만병통치약; 정수, 진수

cure-all; something invigorating

The news of her chance to go abroad acted on her like an elixir.

ellipsis

n

(문법)생략(법); 생략부호

omission of words from a text

Sometimes an ellipsis can lead to a dangling modifier, as in the sentence "Once dressed, you should refrigerate the potato salad."

elliptical

a

타원의, 장원의; 생략한, 생략적인

oval; ambiguous, either purposely or because key words have been left out

An elliptical billiard ball wobbles because it is not perfectly round; an elliptical remark baffles because it is not perfectly clear.

eloquence

n

설득력, 웅변, 능변, 달변

expressiveness; persuasive speech

The crowds were stirred by Martin Luther King's eloquence.

elucidate

v

(사실, 의도를) 명백히 하다, 설명하다

explain; enlighten

He was called upon to elucidate the disputed points in his article.

elusive

a

회피하는; 알 수 없는

evasive; baffling; hard to grasp

His elusive dreams of wealth were costly to those of his friends who supported him financially.

elysian

a

자복의, 더할 나위없이 즐거운

relating to paradise; blissful

An afternoon sail on the bay was for her an elysian journey.

emaciated

a

야윈, 쇠약한, 마른

thin and wasted

His long period of starvation had left him emaciated.

emanate

v

발산하다, 퍼지다; 나오다

issue forth

A strong odor of sulfur emanated from the spring.

emancipate

v

해방하다, 석방하다

set free

At first, the attempts of the Abolitionists to emancipate the slaves were unpopular in New England as well as in the South.

embark

v

(사업에) 나서다, 착수하다; ~을(배, 비행기 따위에)태우다, 싣다, 승선시키다, 탑승시키다

commence; go on board a boat; begin a journey

In devoting herself to the study of gorillas, Dian Fossey embarked on a course of action that was to cost her life.

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embed

v

꽂아(끼워) 넣다, 묻다; (이야기 따위를) 윤색하다; 수식하다

enclose; place in something

Tales of actual historical figures like King Alfred have become embedded in legends.

embellish

v

장식하다, 아름답게 꾸미다; (이야기 따위를) 윤색하다; 수식하다

adorn

My mother-in-law's stories about her journey from Russia made us laugh because she embellished the bare facts of her travels with humorous anecdotes.

embezzlement

n

착복, 횡령

stealing

The bank teller confessed his embezzlement of the funds.

embroil

v

휩쓸어 넣다; 사이가 틀어지게 하다

throw into confusion; involve in strife; entangle

He became embroiled in the heated discussion when he tried to arbitrate the dispute.

embryonic

a

배에 관한; 태아의, 태생의; 미숙한, 무르익지 않은

undeveloped; rudimentary

The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in an embryonic state; otherwise, it may grow to dangerous proportions.

emend

v

교정하다, 수정하다

correct, usually a text

The critic emended the book by retranslating several passages.

emendation

n

교정, 수정; 교정한 곳

correction of errors; improvement

Please initial all the emendations you have made in this contract.

emetic

n

구토제

substance causing vomiting

The use of an emetic like mustard is useful in cases of poisoning.

eminent

a

신분이 높은, 고위의; 저명한; 뛰어난

high; lofty

After his appointment to this eminent position, he seldom had time for his former friends.

emissary

n

사절, 특사; 밀사, 간첩

agent; messenger

The Secretary of State was sent as the President's special emissary to the conference on disarmament.

emollient

n

완화제, 연화제

soothing or softening remedy

He applied an emollient to the inflamed area.

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emolument

n

수입, 이득, 봉급

salary; compensation

In addition to the emolument this position offers, you must consider the social prestige it carries with it.

empirical

a

경험적, 경험상의, 경험주의의

based on experience

He distrusted hunches and intuitive flashes; he placed his reliance entirely on empirical data.

emulate

v

경쟁하다, (우열을) 다투다; 모방하다

rival; imitate

As long as our political leaders emulate the virtues of the great leaders of this country, we shall flourish.

enamored

a

반한, 매혹된; 사랑에 빠진

in love

Narcissus became enamored of his own beauty.

enclave

n

다른 나라의 영토에 둘려싸인 영토; 고립된 장소

territory enclosed within an alien land

The Vatican is an independent enclave in Italy.

encomiastic

a

칭찬하는; 아첨하는

praising; eulogistic

Some critics believe that his encomiastic statements about Napoleon were inspired by his desire for material advancement rather than by an honest belief in the Emperor's genius.

encomium

n

칭찬하는 말, 찬사

high praise; eulogy

Uneasy with the encomiums expressed by his supporters, Tolkien felt unworthy of such high praise.

encompass

v

에워싸다, 포위하다

surround

Although we were encompassed by enemy forces, we were cheerful for we were well stocked and could withstand a siege until our allies joined us.

encroachment

n

잠식, 침해, 침입

gradual intrusion

The encroachment of the factories upon the neighborhood lowered the value of the real estate.

encumber

v

방해하다, (…에게)부담이 되다

burden

Some people encumber themselves with too much luggage when they take short trips.

endearment

n

애정; 친애의 표시, 애무

fond word or act

Your gifts and endearments cannot make me forget your earlier insolence.

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endemic

a

한 지방에 특유한, 지방(풍토)의; 풍토병의

prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area or country

This disease is endemic in this part of the world; more than 90 percent of the population are at one time or another affected by it.

endorse

v

시인(승인)하다; 지지하다

approve; support

Everyone waited to see which one of the rival candidates for the city council the mayor would endorse.

endue

v

부여하다, 주다

provide with some quality; endow

He was endued with a lion's courage.

enduring

a

지속하는, 영원의; 참을성 있는

lasting; surviving

Keats believed in the enduring power of great art, which would outlast its creators' brief lives.

energize

v

정력을 주다, 격려하다, 생기를 불어넣다

invigorate; make forceful and active

Rather than exhausting Maggie, dancing energized her.

enervate

v

힘을 약하게 하다, 기운을 빼앗다

weaken

She was slow to recover from her illness; even a short walk to the window enervated her.

enfranchise

v

참정권(선거권)을 주다; (도시에)자치권을 주다

admit to the rights of citizenship (especially the right to vote)

Although blacks were enfranchised shortly after the Civil War, women did not receive the right to vote until 1920.

engage

a

매력적인, 상냥한, 기분 좋은

attract; hire; pledge oneself; confront

Your case has engaged my interest, my lord, said Holmes. "You may engage my services."

engaging

a

남의 마음을 끄는, 매력 있는, 애교 있는

charming; attractive

Everyone liked Nancy's pleasant manners and engaging personality.

engender

v

생기게 하다, 발생시키다, 낳다, 초래하다

cause; produce

To receive praise for real accomplishments engenders self-confidence in a child.

engross

v

전념케 하다, 매진하다; …을 똑똑하게 쓰다; 독점하다

occupy fully

John was so engrossed in his studies that he did not hear his mother call.

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enhance

v

향상하다; 높이다, 올리다

increase; improve

You can enhance your chances of being admitted to the college of your choice by learning to write well; an excellent essay will enhance any application.

enigma

n

수수께끼(같은 사람)

puzzle; mystery

What do women want? asked Dr. Sigmund Freud. Their behavior was an enigma to him.

enjoin

v

명령하다; 금지하다; (의무로서)분부하다; 부과하다

command; order; forbid

The owners of the company asked the court to enjoin the union from picketing the plant.

enmity

n

적의, 앙심, 증오, 적대

ill will; hatred

At Camp David President Carter labored to bring an end to the enmity that prevented Egypt and Israel from living in peace.

ennui

n

권태, 지루함, 나른함

boredom

The monotonous routine of hospital life induced a feeling of ennui which made her moody and irritable.

enormity

n

극악, 무법, 범죄 행위, 큰 죄; 대단함

hugeness (in a bad sense)

He did not realize the enormity of his crime until he saw what suffering he had caused.

enrapture

v

황홀하게 하다, 기뻐서 어쩔 줄 모르게 하다

please intensely

The audience was enraptured by the freshness of the voices and the excellent orchestration.

ensconce

v

감추다, 숨기다; 편히 앉히다, 안정시키다

settle comfortably

Now that their children were ensconced safely in the private school, the jetsetting parents decided to leave for Europe.

ensue

v

후에 일어나다, 잇달아 일어나다, 계속하다

follow

The evils that ensued were the direct result of the miscalculations of the leaders.

entail

v

필요로 하다; 수반하다; (노력·비용 등을)들게 하다, 부과하다

require; necessitate; involve

Building a college-level vocabulary will entail some work on your part.

enterprising

a

진취적인, 모험적인

full of initiative

By coming up with fresh ways to market the company's products, Mike proved himself to be an enterprising businessman.

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enthrall

v

노예(상태)로 만들다, 마음을 사로잡다

capture; enslave

From the moment he saw her picture, he was enthralled by her beauty.

entice

v

유혹하다, 유인하다, 꾀어들이다

lure; attract; tempt

She always tried to entice her baby brother into mischief.

entity

n

실재, 실체, 본질

real being

As soon as the charter was adopted, the United Nations became an entity and had to be considered as a factor in world diplomacy.

entomology

n

곤충학

study of insects

Kent found entomology the most annoying part of his biology course; studying insects bugged him.

entrance

v

넋을 잃게 하다, 황홀하게 하다, 매료시키다

put under a spell; carry away with emotion

Shafts of sunlight on a wall could entrance her and leave her spellbound.

eulogy

n

칭찬, 찬양, 찬사

expression of praise, often on the occasion of someone's death

Instead of delivering a spoken eulogy at Genny's memorial service, Jeff sang a song he had written in her honor.

euphemism

n

완곡어법; 완곡 어구

mild expression in place of an unpleasant one

The expression "he passed away" is a euphemism for "he died."

euphony

n

듣기 좋은 음조; 어조(어감)가 좋음; 듣기 좋음

sweet sound

Noted for its euphony even when it is spoken, the Italian language is particularly pleasing to the ear when sung.

euphoria

n

행복감; 다행증(多幸症), 병적 쾌감

feeling of exaggerated (or unfounded) well-being

Jill's been on cloud nine ever since Jack asked her out, said Betty, dismissing her friend's euphoria.

euthanasia

n

편안한 죽음, 극락 왕생; 안락사(술)

mercy killing

Many people support euthanasia for terminally ill patients who wish to die.

evanescent

a

차츰 사라져 가는; 속절없는, 덧없는; 극히 미미한

fleeting; vanishing

For a brief moment, the entire skyline was bathed in an orange-red hue in the evanescent rays of the sunset.

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evasive

a

회피적인; 잡기 어려운; 핑계의, 속임수의

not frank; eluding

Your evasive answers convinced the judge that you were withholding important evidence.

evenhanded

a

공평한, 공명정대한

impartial; fair

Do men and women receive evenhanded treatment from their teachers, or as recent studies suggest, do teachers pay more attention to male students than to females?

evince

v

나타내다, 명시하다, 분명하게 보여주다

show clearly

When he tried to answer the questions, he evinced his ignorance of the subject matter.

evocative

a

환기시키는

tending to call up (emotions, memories)

Scent can be remarkably evocative

evoke

v

(감정 따위를)불러 일으키다, 환기시키다, (웃음 따위를)자아내다

call forth

He evoked much criticism by his hostile manner.

ewe

n

암양(羊)

female sheep

The flock of sheep was made up do dozens of ewes, together with only a handful of rams.

exacerbate

v

악화시키다; (남을)격분시키다

worsen; embitter

The latest bombing exacerbated England's already existing bitterness against the IRA, causing the Prime Minister to break off the peace talks abruptly.

exacting

a

(요구 따위가)엄한, 가혹한; 몹시 힘드는, 고된

extremely demanding

Cleaning the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was an exacting task, one that demanded extremely meticulous care on the part of the restorers.

exalt

v

(지위·명예·권력 따위)를 높이다, 승진시키다; …을 칭찬하다, 찬미하다

raise in rank or dignity; praise

The actor Alec Guinness was exalted to the rank of knighthood by the Queen; he now is known as Sir Alec Guinness.

exasperate

v

성나게 하다, 분격시키다; 악화시키다

vex

Johnny often exasperates his mother with his pranks.

exceptionable

a

이의가 있는, 비난의 여지가 있는

objectionable

Do you find the punk rock band Green Day a highly exceptionable, thoroughly distasteful group, or do you think they are exceptionally talented performers?

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excerpt

n

발췌록, 인용구

selected passage (written or musical)

The cinematic equivalent of an excerpt from a novel is a clip from a film.

exchequer

n

재무성; 국고; 재원

treasury

He had been Chancellor of the Exchequer before his promotion to the office he now holds.

excise

v

절개하다, 잘라내다, 삭제하다

cut away; cut out

When you excise the dead and dying limbs of a tree, you not only improve its appearance but also enhance its chances of bearing fruit.

exclaim

v

외치다, 소리(고함)치다, 소리지르다

cry out suddenly

Watson! Behind you! Holmes exclaimed, seeing the assassin hurl himself on his friend.

excoriate

v

거죽을 벗기다, 피부를 벗기다, 까다; 몹시 비난하다

scold with biting harshness; strip the skin off

exculpate

v

무죄로 하다, (억울한 죄명을)풀어주다, 죄를 면하게 하다

clear from blame

She was exculpated of the crime when the real criminal confessed.

execrable

a

밉살스러운, 지긋지긋한, 저주할; 몹시 나쁜

very bad

The anecdote was in such execrable taste that the audience was revolted.

execrate

v

저주하다; 몹시 싫어하다, 지긋지긋해 하다

curse; express abhorrence for

The world execrates the memory of Hitler and hopes that genocide will never again be the policy of any nation.

execute

v

(계획·명령·일 따위)를 실행(실시)하다; (약속)을 이행하다

put into effect; carry out

The choreographer wanted to see how well she could execute a pirouette.

exegesis

n

(특히 성서·경전의)해설, 주석

explanation, especially of biblical passages

I can follow your exegesis of this passage to a limited degree; some of your reasoning eludes me.

exemplary

a

모범적인, 훌륭한, 본보기의

serving as a model; outstanding

At commencement the dean praised Ellen for her exemplary behavior as class president.

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exemplify

v

예증하다, 예시하다; …의 좋은 예가 되다

show by example; furnish an example

Three-time winner of the Super Bowl, Joe Montana exemplifies the ideal quarterback.

exempt

v

(의무를)면제하다

not subject to a duty or obligation

Because of his flat feet, Foster was exempt from serving in the armed forces.

exertion

n

노력; (힘의)발휘; (권력·능력을)쓰기, 행사

effort; expenditure of much physical work

The exertion involved in unscrewing the rusty bolt left her exhausted.

exhilarating

a

기분을 돋우는, 상쾌한

invigorating and refreshing; cheering

Though some of the hikers found tramping through the snow tiring, Jeffrey found the walk on the cold, crisp day exhilarating. His exhilaration was so great that, at the hike's end, he wanted to walk another five miles.

exhort

v

열심히 당부하다; 훈계하다; 권하다

urge

The evangelist exhorted all the sinners in the audience to reform.

exhume

v

발굴하다, 공개하다, 파내다

dig out of the ground; remove from the grave

Could evidence that might identify the serial killer have been buried with his victim? To answer this question, the police asked the authorities for permission to exhume the victim's body.

exigency

n

긴급, 위급, 급박(상황)

urgent situation

In this exigency, we must look for aid from our allies.

exiguous

a

근소한, 약간, 얼마 안되는

small; minute

Grass grew there, an exiguous outcropping among the rocks.

existential

a

존재의(에 관한); 실체론상의, 실존주의의

pertaining to existence; pertaining to the philosophy of existentialism

To the existential philosopher, human reason is inadequate to explain an irrational, meaningless universe.

exodus

n

외출; 출국; 출발; 출애굽기

departure

The exodus from the hot and stuffy city was particularly noticeable on Friday evenings.

exonerate

v

용서하다; 무죄로 하다; 면제하다

acquit; exculpate

The defense team feverishly sought fresh evidence that might exonerate their client.

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exorbitant

a

엄청난, 터무니 없는

excessive

The people grumbled at his exorbitant prices but paid them because he had a monopoly.

exorcise

v

(마귀를)쫓아내다, 액풀이하다

drive out evil spirits

By incantation and prayer, the medicine man sought to exorcise the evil spirits that had taken possession of the young warrior.

exotic

a

외국산의; 이국풍의; 별난, 이상한

not native; strange

Because of his exotic headdress, he was followed in the streets by small children who laughed at his strange appearance.

expansive

a

마음이 넓은, 활달한, 개방적인; 널찍한, 광대한; 팽창력 있는, 확장적인

outgoing and sociable; broad and extensive; able to increase in size

Mr. Fezziwig was in an expansive humor, cheerfully urging his guests to join in the Christmas feast. Looking down on his expansive paunch he sighed

expatiate

v

상세히 설명하다, 장황하게 늘어놓다

talk at length

At this time, please give us a brief resume of your work; we shall permit you to expatiate later.

expatriate

n

망명(추방)자, 국적상실자

exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land

Henry James was an American expatriate who settled in England.

expedient

a

합당한, 시기적절한; (수단이)편의적인

suitable; practical; politic

A pragmatic politician, she was guided by what was expedient rather than by what was ethical.

expedite

v

진척시키다, 촉진시키다; 신속히 처리하다

hasten

Because we are on a tight schedule, we hope you will be able to expedite the delivery of our order. The more expeditious you response is, the happier we'll be.

expenditure

n

지출, 경비, 소비; 비용

payment or expense; output

When you are operating on an expense account, you must keep receipts for all you expenditures. If you don't save your receipts, you won't get repaid without the expenditure of a lot of energy arguing with the firm's accountants.

expertise

n

전문가적 의견(기술, 지식)

specialized knowledge; expert skill

Although she was knowledgeable in a number of fields, she was hired for her particular expertise in computer programming.

expiate

v

속죄하다; 보상하다

make amends for (a sin)

He tried to expiate his crimes by a full confession to the authorities.

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expletive

n

욕설; (무의미한)감탄사, 군더더기말

interjection; profane oath

The sergeant's remarks were filled with expletives that offended the new recruits.

explicate

v

(논지·원리 따위)를 명백히 하다, 설명하다

explain; interpret; clarify

Harry Levin explicated James Joyce's novels with such clarity that even Finnegan's Wake seemed comprehensible to his students.

explicit

a

명시된, 뚜렷한; 숨김 없는

totally clear; definite; outspoken

Don't just hint around that you're dissatisfied

exploit

n

위업, 공훈; 아슬아슬한 묘기

deed or action, particularly a brave deed

Raoul Wallenberg was noted for his exploits in rescuing Jews from Hitler's forces.

exploit

v

(자원)을 개발하다; (남을 자기에게 유리하도록)이용하다

make use of, sometimes unjustly

Cesar Chavez fought attempts to exploit migrant farm workers in California.

expository

a

설명적인, 해설적인

explanatory; serving to explain

The manual that came with my VCR was no masterpiece of expository prose

expostulation

n

충고, 타이름, 간언; 훈계

protest; remonstrance

Despite the teacher's scoldings and expostulations, the class remained unruly.

exposure

n

(위험, 공격 등에)몸을 드러냄; 발각, 탄로, 폭로;드러남, 노출

risk, particularly of being exposed to disease or to the elements; unmasking; act of laying som

Exposure to sun and wind had dried out her hair and weathered her face. She looked so changed that she no longer feared exposure as the notorious Irene Adler, one-time antagonist of Sherlock Holmes.

expropriate

v

(토지 등을)수용(징발)하다, 몰수하다

take possession of

He questioned the government's right to expropriate his land to create a wildlife preserve.

expunge

v

삭제하다, 씻어 없애다, 말소하다

cancel; remove

If you behave, I will expunge this notation from your record.

expurgate

v

(책 따위의 온당치 못한 부분을)삭제하다; 깨끗이 하다

clean; remove offensive parts of a book

The editors felt that certain passages in the book had to be expurgated before it could be used in the classroom.

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extant

a

(문서·기록 따위가)남아있는, 현존하는

still in existence

Although the book is out of print, some copies are still extant. Unfortunately, all of them are in libraries or private collections; none is for sale.

extemporaneous

a

즉석의, 즉흥적인; 임시변통의, 일시적인

not planned; impromptu

Because her extemporaneous remarks were misinterpreted, she decided to write all her speeches in advance.

extenuate

v

가볍게 하다, 정상을 참작하다, 변명하다

weaken; mitigate

It is easier for us to extenuate our own shortcomings than those of others.

extirpate

v

근절하다, 뿌리뽑다

root up

The Salem witch trials were a misguided attempt to extirpate superstition and heresy.

extol

v

칭찬(찬양)하다

praise; glorify

The president extolled the astronauts, calling them the pioneers of the Space Age.

extort

v

강제로 탈취하다, 위협에 의해서 돈을 짜내다

wring from; get money by threats, etc.

The blackmailer extorted money from his victim.

extradition

n

도망범 인도, 본국 송환

surrender of prisoner by one state to another

The lawyers opposed the extradition of their client on the grounds that for more than five years he had been a model citizen.

extraneous

a

외부로부터의; 무관계한, 이질의

not essential; superfluous

No wonder Ted can't think straight! His mind is so cluttered up with extraneous details, he can't concentrate on the essentials.

extrapolation

n

추정, 추측; 연장; 부연

projection; conjecture

Based on their extrapolation from the results of the primaries on Super Tuesday, the networks predicted that George Bush would be the Republican candidate for the presidency.

extricate

v

탈출시키다, 구해내다, 해결하다

free; disentangle

Icebreakers were needed to extricate the trapped whales from the icy floes that closed them in.

extrinsic

a

외부의; 고유하지 않은; 외부로부터의

external; not essential; extraneous

A critically acclaimed extrinsic feature of the Chrysler Building is its ornate spire. The judge would not admit the testimony, ruling that it was extrinsic to the matter at hand.

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extrovert

n

외향적인 사람

person interested mostly in external objects and actions

A good salesperson is usually an extrovert who likes to mingle with people.

extrude

v

밀어내다; 돌출하다; 쫓아내다

force or push out

Much pressure is required to extrude these plastics.

exuberance

a

무성한; 기운찬; (상상력·재능 따위가)풍부한

overflowing abundance; joyful enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness

I was bowled over by the exuberance of Amy's welcome. Cheeks glowing, she was the picture of exuberant good health.

exude

v

스며나오다, 스며나오게 하다

discharge; give forth

The maple syrup is obtained from the sap that the trees exude in early spring.

exult

v

크게 기뻐하다, 환희하다, 기뻐 날뛰다

rejoice

We exulted when our team won the victory.

fabricate

v

맞추어 만들다, 조립하다; 꾸며내다, 날조하다

build; lie

If we fabricate the buildings in this project out of standardized sections, we can reduce construction costs considerably. Because of Jack's tendency to fabricate, Jill had trouble believing a word he said.

facade

n

(건물의)정면; (사물의)겉보기

front (of building); superficial or false appearance

The ornate facade of the church was often photographed by tourists, who never bothered to walk around the building to view its other sides. Cher's outward show of confidence was just a facade she assumed to hide her insecurity.

facet

n

(결정체·보석의)작은 면; (커트 글라스의)자른 면; (일의)일면, 양상

small plane surface (of a gem); a side

The stonecutter decided to improve the rough diamond by providing it with several facets.

facetious

a

익살맞은, 우스운

joking (often inappropriately); humorous

I'm serious about this project; I don't need any facetious, smart-alecky cracks about do-good little rich girls.

facile

a

수월한, 간편한; 유창한; 전문적인

easily accomplished; ready or fluent; superficial

Words came easily to Jonathan

facilitate

v

(일을)용이하게 하다; 촉진(조장)하다; 돕다

help bring about; make less difficult

Rest and proper nourishment should facilitate the patient's recovery.

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facsimile

n

(책·그림·필적 따위의)정확한 모사(복사); 사진 전송(법)

copy

Many museums sell facsimiles of the works of art on display.

faction

n

도당, 파벌; 당쟁, 내분

party; clique; dissension

The quarrels and bickering of the two small factions within the club disturbed the majority of the members.

factious

a

당파심이 강한, 당쟁을 일삼는

inclined to form factions; causing dissension

Your statement is factious and will upset the harmony that now exists.

factitious

a

인위적인, 모조의; 가짜의

artificial; sham

Hollywood actresses often create factitious tears by using glycerin.

factotum

n

잡역꾼, 막일하는 사람

handyman; person who does all kinds of work

Although we had hired him as a messenger, we soon began to use him as a general factotum around the office.

faculty

n

(정신적·신체적)기능; 능력, 뛰어난 재능(솜씨)

mental or bodily powers; teaching staff

s he grew old, Professor Twiggly feared he might lose his faculties and become unfit to teach. However, while he was in full possession of his faculties, the school couldn't kick him off the faculty.

fallacious

a

그릇된, 오류의; 믿을 수 없는

false; misleading

Paradoxically, fallacious reasoning does not always yield erroneous results

fallible

a

오류에 빠지기 쉬운, 잘못을 면치 못하는

liable to err

I know I am fallible, but I feel confident that I am right this time.

fallow

a

(발 따위를)묵혀둔, 경작하지 않은; 개간하지 않은

plowed but not sowed; uncultivated

Farmers have learned that it is advisable to permit land to lie fallow every few years.

falter

v

망설이다, 움찔하다, 뒷걸음질 치다

hesitate

When told to dive off the high board, she did not falter, but proceeded at once.

fanaticism

n

열광, 광신

excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause

When Islamic fundamentalists demanded the death of Salman Rushdie because his novel questioned their faith, world opinion condemned them for their fanaticism.

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fancied

a

상상의, 가공의, 근거없는

imagined; unreal

You are resenting fancied insults. No one has ever said such things about you.

fancier

n

(꽃·새·개 따위의)애호가; (장사 속의)사육자

breeder or dealer of animals

The dog fancier exhibited her prize collie at the annual Kennel Club show.

fanciful

a

공상적인; 변덕스러운

whimsical; visionary

This is a fanciful scheme because it does not consider the facts.

fanfare

n

과시, 허세; 선전; (트럼펫 따위의)화려한 취주

call by bugles or trumpets; showy display

The exposition was opened with a fanfare of trumpets and the firing of cannon.

farce

n

소극(笑劇), 광대극; 어리석은 짓, 웃음거리

broad comedy; mockery

Nothing went right; the entire interview degenerated into a farce.

fastidious

a

까다로운, 괴팍스러운

difficult to please; squeamish

Bobby was such a fastidious eater that he would eat a sandwich only if his mother first cut off every scrap of crust.

fatalism

n

운명(숙명)론

belief that events are determined by forces beyond one's control

With fatalism, he accepted the hardships that beset him.

fathom

v

(남의 마음)을 헤아리다, 통찰하다

comprehend; investigate

I find his motives impossible to fathom; in fact, I'm totally clueless about what goes on in his mind.

fatuous

a

얼빠진, 어리석은, 천치의; 실체 없는

foolish; inane

She is far too intelligent to utter such fatuous remarks.

fauna

n

(한 지방·시대의)동물군(상)

animals of a period or region

The scientist could visualize the fauna of the period by examining the skeletal remains and the fossils.

fawning

a

알랑거리는, 아첨하는

courting favor by cringing and flattering

She was constantly surrounded by a group of fawning admirers who hoped to win some favor.

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faze

v

당황하게 하다, 겁먹게 하다

disconcert; dismay

No crisis could faze the resourceful hotel manager.

feasible

a

실행할 수 있는; 그럴듯한, 있음직한; 편리한

practical

Is it feasible to build a new stadium for the Yankees on New York's West Side? Without additional funding, the project is clearly unrealistic.

febrile

a

열병의, 열이 나는

feverish

In his febrile condition, he was subject to nightmares and hallucinations.

fecundity

n

생산력; 다산; 비옥, 풍부

fertility; fruitfulness

The fecundity of her mind is illustrated by the many vivid images in her poems.

feign

v

가장하다, …인 체하다, (핑계를)꾸며대다

pretend

Lady Macbeth feigned illness in the courtyard although she was actually healthy.

feint

n

가장; (권투·펜싱 따위에서)공격하는 체하기, 견제 행동

trick; shift; sham blow

The boxer was fooled by his opponent's feint and dropped his guard.

felicitous

a

(표현이)들어맞는, 적절한, 잘 선택한

apt; suitably expressed; well chosen

He was famous for his felicitous remarks and was called upon to serve as master-of-ceremonies at many a banquet.

felicity

n

행복, 지복(至福)

happiness; appropriateness (of a remark, choice, etc.)

She wrote a note to the newlyweds wishing them great felicity in their wedded life.

fell

a

잔인한; 치명적인, 파괴적인

cruel; deadly

The newspapers told of the tragic spread of the fell disease.

fell

v

(나무를)베어 넘어뜨리다; (사람을)쳐서 넘어뜨리다, 쓰러뜨리다; 죽이다

cut or knock down; bring down (with a missile)

Crying "Timber!," Paul Bunyan felled the mighty redwood tree. Robin Hood loosed his arrow and felled the king's deer.

felon

n

중죄인; 악인

person convicted of a grave crime

A convicted felon loses the right to vote.

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feral

a

야생의, 야성적인; 흉포한

not domestic; wild

Abandoned by their owners, dogs may revert to their feral state, roaming the woods in packs.

ferment

n

효소; 발효; 소란, 소요

agitation; commotion

With the breakup of the Soviet Union, much of Eastern Europe was in a state of ferment.

ferret

v

(비밀·범인 따위를)찾아내다, 탐색하다

drive or hunt out of hiding

She ferreted out their secret.

fervent

a

불타는, 열렬한, 뜨거운

ardent; hot

She felt that the fervent praise was excessive and somewhat undeserved.

fervid

a

불타는 듯한, 열정적인

ardent

Her fervid enthusiasm inspired all of us to undertake the dangerous mission.

fervor

n

열정, 열렬

glowing ardor; intensity of feeling

At the protest rally, the students cheered the strikers and booed the dean with equal fervor.

fester

v

(마음)을 아프게 하다, 괴롭히다

rankle; produce irritation or resentment

Joe's insult festered in Anne's mind for days, and made her too angry to speak to him.

festive

a

즐거운, 법석대는; 축제의, 축제일 같은

joyous; celebratory

Their wedding in the park was a festive occasion.

fete

v

(…을 위하여)잔치를 차려 경축하다, 축하하다

honor at a festival

The returning hero was feted at a community supper and dance.

fetid

a

악취가 나는, 냄새가 고약한

malodorous

The neglected wound became fetid.

fetter

v

족쇄를 채우다

shackle

The prisoner was fettered to the wall.

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fiasco

n

대실패, 완전한 실패, 불명예스러운 실패

total failure

Our ambitious venture ended in a fiasco and we were forced to flee.

fiat

n

명령, 엄명; 인가

command

I cannot accept government by fiat; I feel that the wishes of the citizens must be consulted.

fickle

a

변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운

changeable; faithless

As soon as Romeo saw Juliet, he forgot all about his old girlfriend Rosaline. Was Romeo fickle?

fictitious

a

소설적인, 가공의, 상상의

imaginary

Although this book purports to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are fictitious.

fidelity

n

충실, 성실; 원래의 것과 똑같음

loyalty

A dog's fidelity its owner is one of the reasons why that animal is a favorite household pet.

figment

n

꾸며낸 이야기, 허구

invention; imaginary thing

That incident never took place; it is a figment of your imagination.

figurative

a

비유적인, 은유의; 상징적인, 표상적인

not literal, but metaphorical; using a figure of speech

To lose one's marbles is a figurative expression; if you're told Jack has lost his marbles, no one expects you to rush out to buy him a replacement set.

figurine

n

(금속·도토(陶土)로 만든)작은 입상(立像)

small ornamental statuette

In The Maltese Falcon, Sam Spade was hired to trace the missing figurine of a black bird.

filch

v

훔치다, 좀도둑질하다

steal

The boys filched apples from the fruit stand.

filial

a

자식으로서의, 자식다운

pertaining to a son or daughter

Many children forget their filial obligations and disregard the wishes of their parents.

filibuster

v

(소수파가 긴 연설 따위로)의사 진행을 방해하다; 약탈하다

block legislation by making long speeches

Even though we disapproved of Senator Foghorn's political goals, we were impressed by his ability to filibuster endlessly to keep an issue from coming to a vote.

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filigree

n

매우 섬세한 것, (금·은·구리 따위의)선(線)세공

delicate, lacelike metalwork

The pendant with gold filigree that she wore round her neck trembled with each breath she took.

filing

n

줄밥; 줄질, 줄로 다듬기

particle removed by a file

As the prisoner filed away at the iron bar on the cell window, a small heap of filings accumulated on the window sill.

finale

n

종맘, 종국, 대단원

conclusion

It is not until we reach the finale of this play that we can understand the author's message.

finesse

n

교묘한 처리(기교), 미묘한 솜씨

delicate skill

The finesse and adroitness of the surgeon impressed the observers in the operating room.

finicky

a

(옷 따위에)지나치게 신경을 쓰는, 까다로운; 젠체하는

too particular; fussy

The little girl was finicky about her food, leaving anything that wasn't to her taste.

finite

a

한정된

limited

It is difficult for humanity with its finite existence to grasp the infinite.

firebrand

n

횃불; 말썽꾼

hothead; troublemaker

The police tried to keep track of all the local firebrands when the President came to town.

fissure

a

갈라진 틈

crevice

The mountain climbers secured footholds in tiny fissures in the rock.

fitful

a

발작적인; 단속적인

spasmodic; intermittent

After several fitful attempts, he decided to postpone the start of the project until he felt more energetic.

flaccid

a

(근육이)흐느적거리는, 축 늘어진, 연약한

flabby

His sedentary life had left him with flaccid muscles.

flag

v

축 늘어지다; 시들다

droop; grow feeble

When the opposing hockey team scored its third goal only minutes into the first quarter, the home team's knotted flagged.

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flagellate

v

채찍질하다; 힐난하다

flog; whip

The Romans used to flagellate criminals with a whip that had three violations of the rules.

flagrant

a

극악한

conspicuously wicked

We cannot condone such flagrant violations of the rules.

flail

v

도리깨질하다

thresh grain by hand; strike or slap

In medieval times, warriors flailed their foe with a metal ball attached to a handle.

flair

n

재능

talent

She has an uncanny flair for discovering new artists before the public has become aware of their existence.

flamboyant

a

화려한

ornate

Modern architecture has discarded the flamboyant trimming on buildings and emphasizes simplicity of line.

flaunt

v

과시하다

display ostentatiously

She is not one of those actresses who flaunt their physical charms; she can act.

flay

v

(짐승의)가죽을 벗기다; 약탈하다, 빼앗다; 비난하다

strip off skin; plunder

The criminal was condemned to be flayed alive.

fleck

v

반점을 넣다, 얼룩덜룩하게 하다

spot

Her cheeks, flecked with tears, were testimony to the hours of weeping.

fledgling

a

미숙한

inexperienced

While it is necessary to provide these fledgling poets with an opportunity to present their work, it is not essential that we admire everything they write.

fleece

v

(남)에게서 (돈·재산 따위)를 강탈하다, 속여 빼앗다

rob; plunder

The tricksters fleeced him of his inheritance.

fleece

n

양털

wool coat of a sheep

They shear sheep of their fleece, which they then comb into separate strands of wool.

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flick

n

가볍게 때리기(튀기기)

light stroke as with a whip

The horse needed no encouragement; only one flick of the whip was all the jockey had to apply to get the animal to run at top speed.

flinch

v

주춤하다, 움찔하다, 물러서다

hesitate; shrink

he did not flinch in the face of danger but fought back bravely.

flippancy

n

경솔

trifling gaiety

Your flippancy at this serious moment is offensive.

flippant

a

경솔한, 건방진

lacking proper seriousness

When Mark told Mona he loved her, she dismissed his earnest declaration with a flippant "Oh, you say that to all the girls!"

flit

v

재빨리 날아가다; 날아가다

dart lightly; pass swiftly by; fly

Like a bee flitting from flower to flower, Rose flitted from one boyfriend to the next

floe

n

유빙

mass of floating ice

The ship made slow progress as it battered its way through the ice floes

flora

n

[한 지역 또는 한 시대에 특유한]식물[군]

plants of a region or era

Because she was a botanist, she spent most of her time studying the flora of the desert

florid

a

붉그레한; 붉은

ruddy; reddish; flowery

If you go to Florida and get a sunburn, your complexion will look florid.

flotsam

n

표류하는 부스러기[쓰레기]

drifting wreckage

Beachcombers eke out a living by salvaging the flotsam and jetsam of the sea

flounder

v

몸부림치다; 서툴게 진행하다

struggle and thrash about; proceed clumsily or falter

Up to his knees in the bog, Floyd floundered about, trying to regain his footing

flourish

v

번성하다; 잘 자라다

grow well; prosper; make sweeping gestures

The orange trees flourished in the sun

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flout

v

거부하다; 비웃다; 무시하다

reject; mock

The headstrong youth flouted all authority; he refused to be curbed

fluctuate

v

흔들리다; 이동하다

waver; shift

The water pressure in out shower fluctuates wildly; you start rinsing yourself off with a trickle, and two minutes later a blast of water nearly knocks you off your feet. I'll never get used to these fluctuations

fluency

n

유창함; 달변

smoothness of speech

She spoke French with fluency and ease

fluke

n

요행수

unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune

When Douglas defeated Tyson for the heavyweight championship, some sportscasters dismissed his victory as a fluke

fluster

v

당황하게 만들다

confuse

The teacher's sudden question flustered him and he stammered his reply

fluted

a

홈이 있는

having vertical parallel grooves(as in a pillar)

All that remained of the ancient building were the fluted columns

flux

n

흐름

flowing; series of changes

While conditions are in such a state of flux, I do not wish to commit myself too deeply in this affair

fodder

n

가축의 먹이

coarse food for cattle, horses, etc

One of Nancy's chores at the ranch was to put fresh supplies of fodder in the horses' stalls

foible

n

사소한 실수

weakness; slight fault

We can overlook the foibles of our friends; no one is perfect

foil

n

대조

contrast

In Star Wars, dark, evil Darth Vader is a perfect foil for fair-haired, naive Luke Skywalker

foist

v

몰래 써넣다; 떠맡기다, 속여서 팔다

insert improperly; palm off

I will not permit you to foist such ridiculous idea upon the membership of this group

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foliage

n

(집합적으로) 잎

masses of leaves

Every autumn before the leaves fell he promised himself he would drive through New England to admire the colorful fall foliage

foment

v

선동하다, 유발하다

stir up; instigate

Cher's archenemy Heather spread some nasty rumors that fomented trouble in the club. Do you think Cher's foe meant to foment such discord?

foolhardy

a

무모한, 무작정한

rash

Don't be foolhardy. Get the advice of experienced people before undertaking this venture

foppish

a

멋 부리는, 맵시내는

vain about dress and appearance

He tried to imitate the foppish manner of the young men of the court

foray

n

습격, 공습

raid

The company staged a midnight foray against the enemy outpost

forbearance

n

인내

patience

We must forbearance in dealing with him because he is still weak from his illness

ford

n

여울

place where a river can be crossed on foot

Rather than risk using the shaky rope bridge, David walked a half-mile downstream until he came to the nearest ford

forebears

n

조상

ancestors

Reverence for one's forebears(sometimes referred to as ancestor worship) plays an important part in many Oriental cultures

foreboding

n

육감, 예감, 불길한 일의 전조

premonition of evil

Suspecting no conspiracies against him, Caesar gently ridiculed his wife's forebodings about the Ides of March

forensic

a

법정의; 변론의, 토론의

suitable to debate or courts of law

In her best forensic manner, the lawyer addressed the jury

foreshadow

v

예시하다, 징조를 보이다, -의 전조가 되다

give an indication beforehand; portend; prefigure

In retrospect, political analysts realized that Yeltsin's defiance of the attempted coup foreshadowed his emergence as the dominant figure of the new Russian republic

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foresight

n

예지

ability to foresee future happenings; prudence

A wise investor, she had the foresight to buy land just before the current real estate boom

forestall

v

방지하다

prevent by taking action in advance

By setting up a prenuptial agreement, the prospective bride and groom hoped to forestall any potential arguments about money in the event of a divorce

forgo

v

포기하다

give up; do without

Determined to lose weight for the summer, Ida decided to forgo dessert until she could fit into a size eight again

forlorn

a

슬프고 외로운; 비참한

sad and lonely; wretched

Deserted by her big sisters and her friends, the forlorn child sat sadly on the steps awaiting their return

formality

n

의례; 형식적임

ceremonious quality; something done just for form's sake

The president received the visiting heads of state with due formality

formidable

a

위협적인

menacing; threatening

We must not treat the battle lightly for we are facing a formidable foe

forsake

v

버리다; 포기하다

desert; abandon; renounce

No one expected Foster to forsake his wife and children and run off with another woman

forswear

v

포기하다

renounce; abandon

The captured knight could escape death only if he agreed to forswear Christianity and embrace Islam as the one true faith

forte

n

장점, 장기; 특기

strong point or special talent

I'm not eager to play this rather serious role, for my forte is comedy

forthright

a

직접적인; 솔직한

straightforward; direct; frank

I prefer Jill's forthright approach to Jack's tendency to beat around the bush

fortitude

n

용감; 용기

bravery; courage

He was awarded the medal for his fortitude in the battle

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fortuitous

a

우연한

accidental; by chance

Though he pretend their encounter was fortuitous, he'd actually been hanging around her usual haunts for the past two weeks, hoping she'd turn up

foster

v

기르다; 양육하다; 조장하다

rear; encourage

According to the legend, Romulus and Remus were fostered by a she-wolf that raised the abandoned infants as her own

founder

v

완전히 실패하다, 침몰하다; (회사나 협회 등의) 발기인

fail completely, sink; person who establishes(an organization, business)

After hitting the submerged iceberg, the Titanic started taking in water rapidly and soon foundered; Among those drowned when the Titanic sank was the founder of Abraham & Straus chain

fracas

n

혼란; 혼전; 난투

brawl, melee

The military police stopped the fracas in the bar and arrested the belligerents

fractious

a

날뛰는, 고분고분하지 않은, 규칙을 지키지 않는

unruly

The fractious horse unseated its rider

frail

a

허약한, 가냘픈, 부서지기 쉬운

weak

The delicate child seemed too frail to lift the heavy carton

franchise

n

사용권, 독점판매권, 선거권

right granted by authority; right to vote; license to sell a product in a particular territory

The city issue a franchise to the company to operate surface transit lines on the streets for 99 years ; For most of American history women lacked the right to vote

frantic

a

미친 듯한, 광란한; 지독한

wild

At the time of the collision, many people became frantic with fear

fraudulent

a

사기의

cheating; deceitful

The government seeks to prevent fraudulent and misleading advertising

fraught

v

...으로 찬; ..을 내포한

filled

Since this enterprise is fraught with danger, I will ask for volunteers who are willing to assume the risks

fray

n

소란, 말다툼, 언쟁

brawl

The three musketeers were in the thick of the fray

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frenetic

a

미친, 광적인

frenzied, frantic

His frenetic activities convinced us that he had no organized plan of operation

frenzied

a

광적인, 열광적인

madly excited

As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied animals milled about in their cages

fresco

n

프레스코화법(회반죽 위에 그리는 수채화법)

painting on plaster(usually fresh)

The cathedral is visited by many tourists who wish to admire the frescoes by Giotto

fret

v

귀찮게하다; 속타게 하다; 초조하게 하다

to be annoyed or vexed

To fret over your poor grades is foolish; instead, decide to work harder in the future

friction

n

(의견)충돌; 마찰, 불화

clash in opinion; rubbing against

At this time when harmony is essential, we cannot afford to have any friction in our group

frieze

n

소벽(조각으로 장식한 경우가 많음); 띠 모양의 장식

ornamental band on a wall

The frieze of the church was adorned with sculpture

frigid

a

몹시 추운

intensely cold

Alaska is in the frigid zone

fritter

v

낭비하다

waste

He could not apply himself to any task and frittered away his time in idle conversation

frivolous

a

천박(경박)한; 사소한

lacking in seriousness; self-indulgently carefree; relatively unimportant

Though Nancy enjoyed Bill's frivolous, lighthearted companionship, she sometimes wondered whether he could ever be serious

frolicsome

a

쾌활한; 명랑한; 장난을 좋아하는

prankish; gay

The frolicsome puppy tried to lick the face of its master

frond

n

양치류 식물의 잎

fern leaf; palm or banana leaf

After the storm the beach was littered with the fronds of palm trees

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fructify

v

열매를 맺다

bear fruit

This peach tree should fructify in three years

frugality

n

절약

thrift; economy

In these economically difficult days business must practice frugality or risk bankruptcy

fruition

n

결실; 실현

bearing of fruit; fulfillment; realization

This building marks the fruition of all our aspirations and years of hard work

frustrate

v

방해하다; 좌절시키다

thwart; defeat

We must frustrate this dictator's plan to seize control of the government

fugitive

a

사라져(없어져) 버리는

fleeting or transitory; roving

The film brought a few fugitive images to her mind, but on the whole it made no lasting impression upon her

fulcrum

n

지렛목; 지레받침

support on which a lever rests

If we use this stone as a fulcrum and the crowbar as a lever, we may be able to move this boulder

fulminate

v

폭발음을 내다; 소리지르다, 야단치다

thunder; explode

The people against whom she fulminated were innocent of any wrongdoing

fulsome

a

<아첨 등이> 지나친, 집요한

disgustingly excessive

His fulsome praise of the dictator annoyed his listeners

functionary

n

공무원

official

As his case was transferred from one functionary to another, he began to despair of ever reaching a settlement

fundamental

a

기본적인; 근원의

basic; primary; essential

The committee discussed all sorts of side issues without ever getting down to addressing the fundamental problem

funereal

a

슬픈; 장송의

sad; solemn

I fail to understand why there is such a funereal atmosphere; we have lost a battle, not a war

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furor

n

열광; 격렬한 감격

frenzy; great excitement

The story of her embezzlement of the funds created a furor on the stock exchange

furtive

a

몰래 하는; 은밀한

stealthy; sneaky

Nothing the furtive glance the customer gave the diamond bracelet on the counter, the jeweler wondered whether he had a potential shoplifter on his hands

fusillade

n

일제 사격; (질문,비난의) 연발

simultaneous firing or outburst(of missiles, questions, etc)

Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture concludes with a thunderous fusillade of cannon fire

fusion

n

융해; 연합

union; coalition

The opponents of the political party in power organized a fusion of disgruntled groups and became an important element in the election

futile

a

효과없는; 쓸데없는; 무익한

useless; hopeless; ineffectual; trifling

It is futile for me to try to get any work done around here while the telephone is ringing every 30 seconds

gadfly

n

등에; 귀찮은 사람

animal-biting fly; an irritating person

Like a gadfly, he irritated all the guests at the hotel; within forty-eight hours, everyone regarded him as an annoying busybody

gaffe

n

(사교,외교상의) 과실, 실수

social blunder

According to Miss Manners, to call your husband by your lover's name is worse than a mere gaffe; it is a tactical mistake

gainsay

v

반대(반박)하다; 부정하다

deny

She was too honest to gainsay the truth of the report.

gait

n

걸음걸이, 걷는 모양; 걷는 속도, 보조

manner of walking or running; speed

The lame man walked with an uneven gait.

galaxy

n

화려한 모임; 은하, 은하수

large, isolated system of starts, such as the Milky Way; a collection of brilliant personali

Science fiction speculates about the possible existence of life in other galaxies. The deaths of such famous actors as John Candy and George Burns tells us that the galaxy of Hollywood superstars is rapidly disappearing.

gale

n

강풍; 폭소, 환희, 흥분상태

windstorm; gust of wind; emotional outburst (laughter, tears)

The Weather Channel warned viewers about a rising gale, with winds of up to 60 miles per hour.

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gall

n

쓴 맛; 쓰라린 느낌; 불쾌, 지겨움; 증오; 뻔뻔스러움

bitterness; nerve

The knowledge of his failure filled him with gall.

gall

v

화나게 하다, 애태우다

annoy; chafe

Their taunts galled him.

galleon

n

큰 항해선, 갈레온선

large sailing ship

The Spaniards pinned their hopes on the galleon, the large warship; the British, on the smaller and faster pinnace.

galvanize

v

갑자기 기운을 내게 하다, 활기 띠게 하다

stimulate by shock; stir up; revitalize

News that the prince was almost at their door galvanized the ugly stepsisters into a frenzy of combing and primping.

gambit

n

초판의 수, (행동·거래의)선수, 시작; 책략

opening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed

The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see.

gambol

v

뛰놀다, 장난치다

romp; skip about; leap playfully

Watching the children gambol in the park, Betty marveled at their youthful energy and zest.

gamely

d

용감하게, 감투정신을 가지고

in a spirited manner; with courage

Because he had fought gamely against a much superior boxer, the crowd gave him a standing ovation when he left the arena.

gamut

n

전범위, 전영역, 전반

entire range

In this performance, the leading lady was able to demonstrate the complete gamut of her acting ability.

gape

v

입을 크게 벌리다; 하품하다

open widely

The huge pit gaped before him; if he stumbled, he would fall in. Slack-jawed in wonder, Huck gaped at the huge stalactites hanging from the cling of the limestone cavern.

garbled

a

부당한 취사 선택을 하는, 멋대로 고친, 함부로 왜곡하는

mixed up; jumbled; distorted

A favorite party game involves passing a whispered message from one person to another; by the time it reaches the last player, the message has become totally garbled.

gargantuan

a

거대한

huge; enormous

The gargantuan wrestler was terrified of mice.

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gargoyle

n

이무기 돌(고딕 건축에서 괴수의 머리 모양을 한 지붕의 홈통 주둥이)

waterspout carved in grotesque figures on a building

The gargoyles adorning the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris are amusing in their grotesqueness.

garish

a

유난히 번쩍거리는; (옷 따위가)야한; 화려한

overbright in color; gaudy

She wore a rhinestone necklace with a garish red and gold dress trimmed with sequins.

garner

v

모으다, 저축하다, 저장하다, 축적하다

gather; store up

She hoped to garner the world's literature in one library.

garnish

v

장식하다; (요리에)야채나 해초 따위를 곁들이다

decorate

Parsley was used to garnish the boiled potato.

garrulous

a

수다스러운, 말 많은; 시끄럽게 지저귀는, 끊임없이 소리 내어 흐르는

loquacious; wordy; talkative

My Uncle Henry can out-talk any other three people I know. He is the most garrulous person in Cayuga County.

gastronomy

n

미식학, 요리법; 식도락

science of preparing and serving good food

One of the by-products of his trip to Europe was his interest in gastronomy; he enjoyed preparing and serving foreign dishes to his friends.

gauche

a

서투른; 버릇없는, 눈치 없는

clumsy; coarse and uncouth

Compared to the sophisticated young ladies in their elegant gowns, tomboyish Jo felt gauche and out of place.

gaudy

a

번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 야한; 속된, 겉만 그럴 듯한

flashy; showy

The newest Trump skyscraper is typically gaudy, covered in gilded panels that gleam in the sun.

gaunt

a

몹시 여윈, 수척한; (장소가)황량한, 쓸쓸한; 무시무시한

lean and angular; barren

His once-round face looked surprisingly gaunt after he had lost weight.

gavel

n

의사봉; 경매진행자의 망치

hammerlike tool; mallet

Sold! cried the auctioneer, banging her gavel on the table to indicate she'd accepted the final bid.

gawk

v

멍청히 바라보다; 바보 짓을 하다

stare foolishly; look in open-mouthed awe

The country boy gawked at the skyscrapers and neon lights of the big city.

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gazette

n

관보, 학보; 신문지, …신문

official periodical publication

He read the gazettes regularly for the announcement of his promotion.

genealogy

n

가계, 혈통; 족보연구; 계보

record of descent; lineage

He was proud of his genealogy and constantly referred to the achievements of his ancestors.

generality

n

일반론, 개설; 보편성

vague statement

This report is filled with generalities; you must be more specific in your statements.

generate

v

낳다, 발생시키다, 야기하다, 초래하다

cause; produce; create

In his first days in office, President Clinton managed to generate a new mood of optimism; we hoped he could also generate a few new jobs.

generic

a

총칭적인, 일반적인, 포괄적인

characteristic of an entire class or species

Sue knew so many computer programmers who spent their spare time playing fantasy games that she began to think that playing Dungeons & Dragons was a generic trait.

genesis

n

기원, 발생, 창시

beginning; origin

Tracing the genesis of a family is the theme of "Roots."

geniality

n

친절, 다정, 상냥함; 쾌적

cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy

This restaurant is famous and popular because of the geniality of the proprietor, who tries to make everyone happy.

genre

n

(문학·예술 작품의)장르; 종류, 유형, 풍속화

particular variety of art of literature

Both a short story writer and a poet, Langston Hughes proved himself equally skilled in either genre.

genteel

a

가문이 좋은; 예의 바른; 품위 있는; 멋진

well-bred; elegant

We are looking for a man with a genteel appearance who can inspire confidence by his cultivated manner.

gentility

n

명문 태생; 상류 사회; 양반티; 고상함

those of gentle birth; refinement

Her family was proud of its gentility and elegance.

gentry

n

귀족 다음가는 계급의 사람들, 상류 사회, 신사 계급

people of standing; class of people just below nobility

The local gentry did not welcome the visits of the summer tourists and tried to ignore Their presence in the community.

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genuflect

v

무릎을 꿇다(구부리다), 굴복하다

bend the knee as in worship

A proud democrat, he refused to genuflect to any man.

germane

a

밀접한 관계가 있는, 적절한

pertinent; bearing upon the case at hand

The lawyer objected that the testimony being offered was not germane to the case at hand.

germinal

a

처음의, 원시의, 본원의, 근원의; 어린 싹의

pertaining to a germ; creative

Such an idea is germinal; I am certain that it will influence thinkers and philosophers for many generations.

germinate

v

싹이 트다

cause to sprout; sprout

After the seeds germinate and develop their permanent leaves, the plants may be removed from the cold frames and transplanted to the garden.

gerontocracy

n

장로 정치, 장로제; 노인정부

government ruled by old people

Gulliver visited a gerontocracy in which the young people acted as servants to their elders, all the while dreaming of the day they would be old enough to have servants of their own.

gerrymander

v

<선거구를>자기 당에 유리하게 개정하다

change voting district lines in order to favor a political party

The illogical pattern of the map of this congressional district is proof that the State Legislature gerrymandered this area in order to favor the majority party.

gestate

v

잉태하다

evolve, as in prenatal growth

While this scheme was being gestated by the conspirators, they maintained complete silence about their intentions.

gesticulation

n

몸짓하기

motion; gesture

Operatic performers are trained to make exaggerated gesticulation because of the large auditoriums in which they appear.

ghastly

a

무시무시한

horrible

The murdered man was a ghastly sight.

gibber

v

영문 모를 말을 지껄이다

speak foolishly

The demented man gibbered incoherently.

gibberish

n

뜻 모를 말, 횡설수설, 별 뜻 없이 없는(쓸데없는) 말

nonsense; babbling

Did you hear that foolish boy spouting gibberish about monsters from outer space?

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gibbet

n

교수대

gallows

The bodies of the highwaymen were left dangling from the gibbet as a warning to other would-be transgressors.

gibe

v

놀려대다

mock

As you gibe at their superstitious beliefs, do you realize that you, too, are guilty of similarly foolish thoughts?

giddy

a

현기증 나는; 아찔한

light-herted; dizzy

He felt his giddy youth was past.

gingerly

d

아주 신중하게

very carefully

She was asked to give the gist of the essay in two sentences.

girth

n

둘레의 치수(거리), 허리 둘레

distance around something; circumference

It took an extra-large cummerbund to fit around Andrew Carnegie's considerable girth.

gist

n

요점, 핵심

essence

She was asked to give the gist of the essay in two sentences.

glacial

a

빙하의, 빙원의; 몹시 추운; 얼음처럼 쌀쌀한, 냉담한

like a glacier; extremely cold

Never a warm person, when offended Hugo could seem positively glacial.

glaring

a

눈에 잘 띄는; 아주 명백한, 틀림없는; 몹시 눈부신, 화려한

highly conspicuous; harshly bright

Glaring spelling or grammatical errors in your resume will unfavorably impress potential employers.

glaze

v

윤택한 빛깔을 칠하다; …에 유리를 끼우다

cover with a thin and shiny surface

The freezing rain glazed the streets and made driving hazardous.

glean

v

<이삭을>줍다, 모으다

gather leavings

After the crops had been barvested by the machines, the peasants were permitted to glean the wheat left in the fields.

glib

a

진지함이 없이 말만 잘하는

fluent without serious intention

He is a glib speaker.

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glimmer

v

깜박거리다, 가물하다; 어렴풋이 빛나다, 미광을 내다

shine erratically; twinkle

In the darkness of the cavern, the glowworms hanging from the cavern roof glimmered like distant stars.

gloat

v

고소한 듯이 바라보다; 자못 흡족한듯이 바라보다

express evil satisfaction; view malevolently

As you gloat over your ill-gotten wealth, do you think of the many victims you have defrauded?

gloss over

v

그럴싸하게 설명하다, 억지 해석을 내리다; 둘러대다

explain away

No matter how hard he tried to talk around the issue, President Bush could not gloss over the fact that he had raised taxes after all.

glossary

n

용어 사전; 어휘, 용어 해석

brief explanation of words used in the text

I have found the glossary in this book very useful; it has eliminated many trips to the dictionary.

glossy

a

광택이 나는

smocth and shining

I want this photograph printed on glossy paper.

glower

v

상을 찡그리다

scowl

The angry boy glowered at his father.

glut

v

과도하게 공급하다; 과도하게 채우다

overstock; fill to excess

The many manufacturers glutted the market and could not find purchasers for the many articles they had produced.

glutinous

a

아교질의; 점착성의

sticky; viscous

Molasses is a glutinous substance.

glutton

n

욕심장이; 열중하는 사람

someone who eats too much

When Mother saw that Bobby had eaten all the cookies, she called him a little glutton.

gnarled

a

마디(혹)투성이의; 뒤틀린; 옹이가 많아 울퉁불퉁한

twisted

The gnarled oak tree had been a landmark for years and was mentioned in several deeds.

gnome

n

난장이, 땅 신령

dwarf; underground spirit

In medieval mythology, gnomes were the special guardians and inhabitants of subterranean mines.

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gnome

n

난쟁이; 땅 신령

dwarf; underground spirit

The gluttonous boy ate all the cookies.

goad

v

선동하다, 자극하다

urge on, prod

He was goaded by his friends until he yielded to their wishes.

gorge

v

게걸스럽게 먹다, 배불리 먹다

stuff oneself

The gluttonous guest gorged himself with food as though he had not eaten for days.

gorge

n

(절벽 사이의)골짜기, 작은 협곡

narrow canyon; steep, rocky cleft

Terrified of heights, George could not bring himself to peer down into the gorge to see the rapids below.

gory

a

유혈이 낭자한, 피비린내 나는, 잔학한

bloody

The audience shuddered as they listened to the details of the gory massacre.

gossamer

a

얇은 천 같은, 얇고 가벼운; 섬세한; 가냘픈

sheer; like cobwebs

Nylon can be woven into gossamer or thick fabrics.

gouge

v

속이다, 돈을 착취하다

overcharge

During the World Series, ticket scalpers tried to gouge the public, asking astronomical prices even for bleacher seats.

gouge

v

후벼내다

tear out

In that fight, all the rules were forgotten; the adversaries bit, kicked, and tried to gouge each other's eyes out.

gourmand

n

대식가

epicure; person who takes excessive pleasure in food and drink

Gourmands lack self-restraint; if they enjoy a particular cuisine, they eat far too much of it.

gourmet

n

식도락가, 미식가

connoisseur of food and drink

The gourmet stated that this was the best onion soup she had ever tasted.

graduated

a

단계를 지은, 누진적인; 눈금을 매긴, 등급별로 배열한

arranged by degrees (of height, difficulty, etc.)

Margaret loved her graduated set of Russian hollow wooden dolls; she spent hours happily putting the smaller dolls into their larger counterparts.

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granary

n

곡식 창고; 곡창; 곡창지대

storehouse for grain

We have reason to be thankful, for our crops were good and our granaries are full.

grandeur

n

위대함, 위엄; 고상함, 심원함; 장대함

impressiveness; stateliness; majesty

No matter how often he hiked through the mountains, David never failed to be struck by the grandeur of the Sierra Nevada range.

grandiloquent

a

과장된, 호언장담하는

pompous; bombastic; using high-sounding language

The politician could never speak simply; she was always grandiloquent.

grandiose

a

장대(웅장)한, 숭고(장엄)한; 과장의, 젠체하는

pretentious; high-flown; ridiculously exaggerated; impressive

The aged matinee idol still had grandiose notions of his supposed importance in the theatrical world.

granulate

v

알갱이 (모양)으로 하다(되다); (상처에)새살이 나(오)다.

form into grains

Sugar that has been granulated dissolves more readily than lump sugar.

graphic

a

묘사된, 사실적인; 도표의, 도해의

pertaining to the art of delineating; vividly described

I was particularly impressed by the graphic presentation of the storm.

grapple

v

격투하다; (어려운 문제와)씨름하다; (붙)잡다, 쥐다, 파악하다

wrestle; come to grips with

He grappled with the burglar and overpowered him.

grate

v

불쾌한 소리를 내다, 귀에 거슬리다; 신경을 건드리다

make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; shred

The screams of the quarreling children grated on her nerves.

gratify

v

만족시키다, 기쁘게 하다; (욕망 따위를)채우다

please

Lori's parents were gratified by her successful performance on the GRE.

gratis

a

무료의, 공짜의

free

The company offered to give one package gratis to every purchaser of one of their products.

gratuitous

a

무료의; 불필요한; 정당성이 없는; 까닭 없는

given freely; unwarranted; uncalled for

Quit making gratuitous comments about my driving; no one asked you for your opinion.

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gratuity

n

사례금, 팁; 선물; 급여금

tip

Many service employees rely more on gratuities than on salaries for their livelihood.

gravity

n

진지함; 중대성; 위험성

seriousness

We could tell we were in serious trouble from the gravity of her expression. (secondary meaning)

gregarious

a

(사람이)사교적인, 군거(군생)하는

sociable

Typically, party-throwers are gregarious; hermits are not.

grievance

n

불평(불만·고충)의 씨; (부정에 대한)노여움, 불만

cause of complaint

When her supervisor ignored her complaint, she took her grievance to the union.

grill

v

(경찰 등이)엄하게 문초하다; 뜨거운 열을 쏘이다

question severely

In violation of the Miranda law, the police grilled the suspect for several hours before reading him his rights. (secondary meaning)

grimace

n

얼굴을 찌푸림, 찌푸린 얼굴

a facial distortion to show feeling such as pain, disgust, etc.

Even though he remained silent, his grimace indicated his displeasure.

grisly

a

소름 끼치는(끼칠 만큼의), 무서운; 기분 나쁜

ghastly

She shuddered at the grisly sight.

grotesque

a

기괴한, 그로테스크한; 우스꽝스러운, 엉뚱한

fantastic; comically hideous

On Halloween people enjoy wearing grotesque costumes.

grotto

n

자그마한 동굴, 석굴

small cavern

The Blue Grotto in Capri can be entered only by small boats rowed by natives through a natural opening in the rocks.

grouse

v

불평하다, 투덜대다

complain; fuss

Students traditionally grouse about the abysmal quality of "mystery meat" and similar dormitory food.

grovel

v

기다, 엎드리다, 자기를 낮추다, 굴복하다; 저속한 일에 열중하다

crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate

Even though we have been defeated, we do not have to grovel before our conquerors.

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grudging

a

마음 내키지 않는, 마지못해 하는; 인색한

unwilling; reluctant; stingy

We received only grudging support from the mayor despite his earlier promises of aid.

gruel

n

우유나 물에 삶은 오트밀을 넣어 만든 죽

thin, liquid porridge

Our daily allotment of gruel made the meal not only monotonous but also unpalatable.

grueling

a

기진맥진하게 하는; 엄한

exhausting

The marathon is a grueling race.

gruesome

a

오싹하는, 소름 끼치는

grisly; horrible

His face was the stuff of nightmares

gruff

a

거친, 퉁명스러운

rough-mannered

Although he was blunt and gruff with most people, he was always gentle with children.

guffaw

n

(갑작스러운)너털웃음, 큰 웃음

boisterous laughter

The loud guffaws that came from the closed room indicated that the members of the committee had not yet settled down to serious business.

guile

n

교활, 음흉함, 간계

deceit; duplicity; wiliness; cunning

Lago uses considerable guile to trick Othello into believing that Desdemona has been unfaithful.

guileless

a

간계가 없는, 정직한, 고지식한

without deceit

He is naive, simple, and guileless; he cannot be guilty of fraud.

guise

n

외관, 외양; 복장; 용도; 가장, 변장

appearance; costume

In the guise of a plumber, the detective investigated the murder case.

gull

v

속이다

trick; hoodwink

Confident no one could gull him, Paul prided himself on his skeptical disposition.

gullible

a

속기 쉬운

easily deceived

He preyed upon gullible people, who believed his stories of easy wealth.

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gustatory

a

미각의, 미각에 영향을 미치는

affecting the sense of taste

The Thai restaurant offered an unusual gustatory experience for those used to a bland cuisine.

gusto

n

취미, 기호; 즐거움, 기쁨

enjoyment; enthusiasm

He accepted the assignment with such gusto that I feel he would have been satisfied with a smaller salary.

gusty

a

돌풍의; 폭풍우가 휘몰아치는

windy

The gusty weather made sailing precarious.

guy

n

(기중기에 실린 짐을 안정시키는)받침 줄, 밧줄; (전주의)받침 쇠줄

cable or chain attached to something that needs to be braced or steadied

If the guys holding up the mast on that derrick snap, the mast will topple.

gyroscope

n

자이로스코프(회전의)

apparatus used to maintain balance, ascertain direction, etc.

By using a rotating gyroscope, they were able to stabilize the vessel, counteracting the rolling movements of the sea.

habituate

v

길들이다

accustom or familiarize; addict

Macbeth gradually habituated himself to murder, shedding his scruples as he grew accustomed to his bloody deeds.

hackles

n

개의 등이나 목에 난 털

hairs on back and neck, especially of a dog

The dog's hackles rose and he began to growl as the sound of footsteps grew louder.

hackneyed

a

진부한

commonplace. trite

The English teacher criticized her story because of its hackneyed and unoriginal plot.

haggard

a

야윈, 수척한; 말라빠진

wasted away; gaunt

After his long illness, he was pale and haggard.

haggle

v

(값·조건 따위를)깎다; 언쟁하다, 입씨름하다

argue about prices

I prefer to shop in a store that has a one-price policy because, whenever I haggle with a shopkeeper, I am never certain that I paid a fair price for the articles I purchased.

halcyon

a

고요한, 평온한, 평화로운

calm; peaceful

In those halcyon days, people were not worried about sneak attacks and bombings.

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hale

a

(비교적 나이가 많은 사람에 대하여)강건한, 원기 왕성한, 정정한

healthy

After a brief illness, he was soon hale.

hallowed

a

축복 받은, 신성한

blessed; consecrated

Although the dead girl's parents had never been active churchgoers, they insisted that their daughter be buried in hallowed ground.

hallucination

n

환각; 허깨비, 환영

delusion

I think you were frightened by a hallucination that you created in your own mind.

halting

a

망설이는, 주저하는; 막히는, 더듬거리는

hesitant; faltering

Novice extemporaneous speakers often talk in a halting fashion as they grope for the right words.

hamper

v

방해하다, 애 먹이다; 억누르다

obstruct

The new mother hadn't realized how much the effort of caring for an infant would hamper her ability to keep an immaculate house.

hap

n

요행, 우연(히 일어난 일), 운(運)

chance; luck

In his poem Hap, Thomas Hardy objects to the part chance plays in our lives.

haphazard

a

우연한

random. by chance

His haphazard reading left him unacquainted with the authors of the book.

hapless

a

운이 나쁜, 불운한

unfortunate

This hapless creature had never known a moment's pleasure.

harangue

n

(열렬한)연설, 열변; 장광설

long, passionate, and vehement speech

In her lengthy harangue, the principal berated the offenders.

harass

v

괴롭히다, 성가시게 굴다; 속썩이다; 침략하다

annoy by repeated attacks

When he could not pay his bills as quickly as he had promised, he was harassed by his creditors.

harbinger

n

선구자, 선구, 징조, 전조

forerunner

The crocus is an early harbinger of spring.

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harbor

v

피난처를 제공하다, 감싸주다; 숨기다

provide a refuge for; hide

The church harbored illegal aliens who were political refugees.

hardy

a

튼튼한, 억센, 강한, 고단함을 이겨낼 수 있는

sturdy; robust; able to stand inclement weather

We asked the gardening expert to recommend particularly hardy plants that could withstand our harsh New England winters.

harping

n

지루하게 늘어놓는 것, 되풀이해서 말함

tiresome dwelling on a subject

After he had reminded me several times about what he had done for me, I told him to stop his harping on my indebtedness to him.

harrowing

a

애통한, 가슴이 미어질 듯한, 비참한

agonizing; distressing; traumatic

At first Terry Anderson did not wish to discuss his harrowing months of captivity as a political hostage.

harry

v

약탈하다, 침략하다, 습격하다; 괴롭히다

harass, annoy, torment; raid

The guerrilla band harried the enemy nightly.

hatch

n

(마루·지붕 따위에 맨)출입구; (비행기나 우주선의)출입구

deck opening; lid covering a deck opening

The latch on the hatch failed to catch, so the hatch remained unlatched.

haughtiness

n

거만, 건방짐, 당당함

pride; arrogance

When she realized that Darcy believed himself too good to dance with his inferiors, Elizabeth took great offense at his haughtiness.

haven

n

피난처, 안식처

place of safety; refuge

For Ricardo, the school library became his haven, a place to which he could retreat during chaotic times.

hazardous

a

모험적인, 위험한, 아슬아슬한

dangerous

Your occupation is too hazardous for insurance companies to consider your application.

hazy

a

흐릿한, 짙은 안개 낀, 흐리멍텅한

slightly obscure

In hazy weather, you cannot see the top of this mountain.

headlong

a

신속한; 성급한, 앞뒤를 가리지 않는

hasty; rash

The slave seized the unexpected chance to make a headlong dash across the border to freedom.

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headstrong

a

고집 센, 옹고집의; (행동 등이)제멋대로인

stubborn; willful; unyielding

Because she refused to marry the man her parents had chosen for her, everyone scolded Minna and called her a foolish, headstrong girl.

heckler

n

괴롭히는 사람; 야유하는 사람; 질문공세를 퍼붓는 사람

person who verbally harasses others

The heckler kept interrupting the speaker with rude remarks.

hedonist

n

쾌락(향락)주의자

one who believes that pleasure is the sole aim in life

A thoroughgoing hedonist, he considered only his own pleasure and ignored any claims others had on his money or time.

heedless

a

부주의한, 무시하는, 조심성 없는

not noticing; disregarding

She drove on, heedless of the warnings that the road was dangerous.

hegemony

n

정치적 지배권, 헤게모니; 지도력

dominance, especially of one nation over others

As one Eastern European nation after another declared its independence, commentators marveled at the sudden breakdown of the once monolithic Soviet hegemony.

heinous

a

가증스러운, 흉악(극악)한; 괘씸한

atrocious; hatefully bad

Hitler's heinous crimes will never be forgotten.

herbivorous

a

초식의

grain-eating

Some herbivorous animals have two stomachs for digesting their food.

heresy

n

이교, 이단, 반대론

opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion contrary to accepted religion

Galileo's assertion that the earth moved around the sun directly contradicted the religious teachings of his day; as a result, he was tried for heresy.

hermetic

a

밀봉(밀폐)된

sealed by fusion so as to be airtight

After you sterilize the bandage, place them in a container and seal it with a hermetic seal to protect them from contamination by airborne bacteria.

hermetic

a

신비한, 심원한

obscure and mysterious; occult

It is strange to consider that modern chemistry originated in the hermetic teachings of the ancient alchemists. (secondary meaning)

hermitage

n

암자, 은자의 집; 외딴 집

home of a hermit

Even in his remote hermitage he could not escape completely from the world.

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herpetologist

n

파충류학자

one who studies reptiles

As a boy, Indiana Jones had a traumatic experience involving snakes; sensibly enough, he studied to be an archaeologist, not a herpetologist.

heterodox

a

정통이 아닌, 이단의

unorthodox; unconventional

To those who upheld the belief that the earth did not move, Galileo's theory that the earth circled the sun was disturbingly heterodox.

heterogeneous

a

이종의, 이질의

dissimilar; mixed

This year's entering class is a remarkably heterogeneous body

hew

v

자르다; 잘라서 만들다, 토막 내다; 베어 넘어뜨리다

cut to piece with ax or sword

The cavalry rushed into the melee and hewed the enemy with their swords.

heyday

n

(건강·기운·아름다움·번영 따위의)전성기, 한창때, 절정

time of greatest success; prime

In their heyday, the San Francisco Forty-Niners won the Super Bowl two years running.

hiatus

n

중단, 끊김; 틈, 벌어진 틈; 휴게, 휴식

gap; pause

Except for a brief two-year hiatus, during which she enrolled in the Peace Corps, Ms. Clements has devoted herself to her medical career.

hibernal

a

겨울의; 한랭한

wintry

Bears prepare for their long hibernal sleep by overeating.

hibernate

v

동면하다, 겨울잠을 자다

sleep throughout the winter

Bears are one of the many species of animals that hibernate.

hierarchy

n

계급 제도; 교권 통치

arrangement by rank or standing; authoritarian body divided into ranks

To be low man on the totem pole is to have an inferior place in the hierarchy.

hieroglyphic

n

상형문자 표기법; 상형문자의 문서

picture writing

The discovery of the Rosetta Stone enabled scholars to read the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.

hilarity

n

즐겁게 놀기, 환락

boisterous mirth

This hilarity is improper on this solemn day of mourning.

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hindmost

a

가장 뒤쪽의, 맨 뒤의

furthest behind

The coward could always be found in the hindmost lines whenever a battle was being waged.

hindrance

n

훼방, 방해; 장애

block; obstacle

Stalled cars along the highway are a hindrance to traffic that tow trucks should remove without delay.

hinterlands

n

배후지; (연안에 근접한)내륙지역; 오지, 시골, 지방

back country

They seldom had visitors, living as they did way out in the hinterlands.

hireling

n

돈 때문에 일하는 사람; 고용인

one who serves for hire (usually used contemptuously)

In a matter of such importance, I do not wish to deal with hirelings; I must meet with the chief.

hirsute

a

털이 거친, 털이 많은

hairy

He was a hirsute individual with a heavy black beard.

histrionic

a

배우의; 연극의, 연극 같은; 부자연스러운

theatrical

He was proud of his histrionic ability and wanted to play the role of Hamlet.

hoard

v

저장하다; 매점하다

stockpile; accumulate for future use

Whenever there are rumors of a food shortage, people are tempted to hoard food.

hoary

a

(나이 먹어)머리가 하얗게 된, 백발의; 아주 오래된

white with age

The man was hoary and wrinkled when he was 70.

hoax

n

짓궂은 장난; 남을 속이기

trick; practical joke

Embarrassed by the hoax, she reddened and left the room.

holocaust

n

대화재, 대학살, 전멸; (유대교의)전번제

destruction by fire

Citizens of San Francisco remember that the destruction of the city was caused not by the earthquake but by the holocaust that followed.

holster

n

(가죽으로 만든)권총집

pistol case

Even when he was not in uniform, he carried a holster and pistol under his arm.

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homage

n

존경; 경의; 충성의 맹세

honor; tribute

In her speech she tried to pay homage to a great man.

homeostasis

n

항상성(생체 내의 균형을 유지하려는 경향)

tendency of a system to maintain relative stability

A breakdown of the body's immune system severely undermines the body's ability to maintain homeostasis.

homespun

a

손으로 짠; 거친; 평범한, 수수한

domestic; made at home

Homespun wit, like homespun cloth, was often coarse and plain.

homily

n

설교, 훈계

sermon; serious warning

His speeches were always homilies, advising his listeners to repent and reform.

homogeneous

a

동종의, 동질의, 동성의

of the same kind

Because the student body at Elite Prep was so homogeneous, Sara and James decided to send their daughter to a school that offered greater cultural diversity.

hone

v

숫돌로 갈다

sharpen

To make shaving easier, he honed his razor with great care.

hoodwink

v

속이다; 눈속임하다

deceive; delude

Having been hoodwinked once by the fast-talking salesman, he was extremely cautious when he went to purchase a used car.

horde

n

무리; (중앙 아시아 초원의)유목민 집단

crowd

Just before Christmas the stores are filled with hordes of shoppers.

hortatory

a

권고적인, 장려적인, 충고의

encouraging; exhortive

The crowd listened to his hortatory statements with ever-growing excitement; finally they rushed from the hall to carry out his suggestions.

horticultural

a

원예의

pertaining to cultivation of gardens

When he bought his house, he began to look for flowers and decorative shrubs, and began to read books dealing with horticultural matters.

hostility

n

적의, 적개심; 적대 행위

unfriendliness; hatred

A child who has been the sole object of his parents' affection often feels hostility toward a new baby in the family, resenting the newcomer who has taken his place.

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hovel

n

판자집, 오두막; 광, 곳간

shack; small, wretched house

She wondered how poor people could stand living in such a hovel.

hover

v

서성거리다, 배회하다; 한곳을 선회하다; 붙어다니다

hand about; wait nearby

The police helicopter hovered above the accident.

hubbub

n

와글와글한 함성; 소동, 큰 법석

confused uproar

The marketplace was a scene of hubbub and excitement; in all the noise, we could not distinguish particular voices.

hubris

n

(자기 과잉 따위에 의한)오만, 자만; (그리스극)신들에 대한 불손

arrogance; excessive self-conceit

Filled with hubris, Lear refused to heed his friends' warnings.

hue

n

색, 색조; (의견 따위의)특색, 특성, 경향

color; aspect

The aviary contained birds of every possible hue.

hue and cry

n

(추적·공격의)고함소리, 함성

outcry

When her purse was snatched, she raised such a hue and cry that the thief was captured.

humane

a

친절한, 인도적인, 인정 있는

marked by kindness or consideration

It is ironic that the Humane Society sometimes must show its compassion toward mistreated animals by killing them to end their misery.

humdrum

a

지루한, 단조로운; 평범한

dull; monotonous

After her years of adventure, she could not settle down to a humdrum existence.

humid

a

습기가 있는, 눅눅한

damp

She could not stand the humid climate and moved to a drier area.

humility

n

겸손, 겸양; 겸손한 행위

humbleness of spirit

He spoke with a humility and lack of pride that impressed his listeners.

hummock

n

작은 산, 언덕; 빙원 위의 얼음산

small hill

The ascent of the hummock is not difficult and the view from the hilltop is ample reward for the effort.

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humus

n

부식토

substance formed by decaying vegetable matter

In order to improve his garden, he spread humus over his lawn and flower beds.

hurtle

v

돌진하다; 부딪치다, 충돌하다

crash; rush

The runaway train hurtled toward disaster.

husband

v

절약하다

use sparingly; conserve; save

Marathon runners must husband their energy so that they can keep going for the entire distance.

husbandry

n

절약, 검약; 농업; 경작, 살림살이

frugality; thrift; agriculture

He accumulated his small fortune by diligence and husbandry.

hybrid

n

잡종; 혼성물

mongrel; mixed breed

Mendel's formula explains the appearance of hybrids and pure species in breeding.

hydrophobia

n

광견병, 공수병(물에 대한 공포)

fear of water; rabies

A dog that bites a human being must be observed for symptoms of hydrophobia.

hyperbole

n

과장(법)

exaggeration; overstatement

As far as I'm concerned, Apple's claims about the new computer are pure hyperbole

hypercritical

a

혹평의; 흠잡는; 지나치게 까다로운

excessively exacting

You are hypercritical in your demands for perfection; we all make mistakes.

hypochondriac

n

우울증; 우울증 환자

person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness

The doctor prescribed chocolate pills for her patient who was a hypochondriac.

hypocritical

a

위선의, 위선적인

pretending to be virtuous; deceiving

Because he believed Eddie to be interested only in his own advancement, Greg resented Eddie's hypocritical protestations of friendship.

hypothetical

a

가설의, 가정의

based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed

Suppose you are accepted by Harvard, Stanford, and Yale. Which graduate school will you choose to attend? Remember, this is only a hypothetical situation.

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ichthyology

n

어류학

study of fish

Jacques Cousteau's programs about sea life have advanced the cause of ichthyology.

icon

n

(그리스 정교)성화; 초상화; 우상

religious image; idol

The icons on the walls of the church were painted in the 13th century.

iconoclastic

a

구습 타파의; 우상 파괴의

attacking cherished traditions

Deeply iconoclastic, Jean Genet deliberately set out to shock conventional theatergoers with his radical plays.

ideology

n

관념학, 이념

system of ideas characteristic of a group or culture

For people who had grown up believing in the Communist ideology, it was hard to adjust to capitalism.

idiom

n

관용어, 숙어; 방언; 특색

expression whose meaning as a whole differs from the meanings of its individual words; distin

The phrase "to lose one's marbles" is an idiom

idiosyncrasy

n

개성; 특징; 특이성, 특이체질

individual trait, usually odd in nature; eccentricity

One of Richard Nixon's little idiosyncrasies was his liking for ketchup on cottage cheese. One of Hannibal Lecter's little idiosyncrasies was his liking for human flesh.

idolatry

n

우상숭배; 맹목적인 숭배, 심취

worship of idols; excessive admiration

Such idolatry of singers of country music is typical of the excessive enthusiasm of youth.

idyllic

a

목가(풍)의, 전원시(풍)의

charmingly carefree; simple

Far from the city, she led an idyllic existence in her rural retreat.

igneous

a

불에 의해 생긴, 화산의, 불 같은

produced by fire; volcanic

Lava, pumice, and other igneous rocks are found in great abundance around Mount Vesuvius near Naples.

ignite

v

점화하다, 발화(시키다)하다

kindle; light

When Desi crooned, "Baby, light my fire," literal-minded Lucy looked around for some paper to ignite.

ignoble

a

상스러운, (비)천한, 수치스러운

unworthy; not noble

A true knight, Sir Galahad never stooped to perform an ignoble deed.

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ignominy

n

면목없음, 불명예, 모욕; 수치스러운 행위, 추행

deep disgrace; shame or dishonor

To lose the Ping-Pong match to a trained chimpanzee! How could Rollo endure the ignominy of his defeat?

illicit

a

부정한; 위법의, 금지된

illegal

The defense attorney claimed that the police had entrapped his client; that is, they had elicited the illicit action of which they now accused him.

illimitable

a

한없는, 광대한, 끝없는

infinite

Human beings, having explored the far corners of the earth, are now reaching out into illimitable space.

illuminate

v

비추다, 밝게 하다; (문제를)분명하게 하다; 계몽하다, 교화하다

brighten; clear up or make understandable; enlighten

Just as a lamp can illuminate a dark room, a perceptive comment can illuminate a knotty problem.

illusion

n

환각, 환영, 착각; 망상

misleading vision

It is easy to create an optical illusion in which lines of equal length appear different.

illusive

a

착각을 일으키게 하는; 착각하기 쉬운

deceiving

This is only a mirage; let us not be fooled by its illusive effect.

illusory

a

속이는, 착각(환상)을 일으키게 하는; 환상적인, 가공의

deceptive; not real

Unfortunately, the costs of running the lemonade stand were so high that Tom's profits proved illusory.

imbalance

n

불균형, 불안정

lack of balance or symmetry; disproportion

To correct racial imbalance in the schools, school boards have bused black children into white neighborhoods and white children into black ones.

imbecility

n

저능, 우둔; 허약; 어리석은 짓

weakness of mind

I am amazed at the imbecility of the readers of these trashy magazines.

imbroglio

n

(일의)얽힘, 분규; 복잡한 줄거리

complicated situation; painful or complex misunderstanding; entanglement; confused mass (as

The humor of Shakespearean comedies often depends on cases of mistaken identity that involve the perplexed protagonists in one comic imbroglio after another.

imbue

v

스며들게 하다, 불어넣다

saturate, fill

His visits to the famous Gothic cathedrals imbued him with feelings of awe and reverence.

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immaculate

a

순결한, 오점이 없는, 흠없는

pure; spotless

The West Point cadets were immaculate as they lined up for inspection.

imminent

a

절박한, 임박한, 위급한

near at hand; impending

Rosa was such a last-minute worker that she could never start writing a paper till the deadline was imminent.

immobility

n

부동, 고정, 정지

state of being immovable

Modern armies cannot afford the luxury of immobility, as they are vulernable to attack while standing still.

immolate

v

제물로 바치다, 희생시키다

offer as a sacrifice

The tribal king offered to immolate his daughter to quiet the angry gods.

immune

a

면역성의; (공격, 괏, 방해 따위로 부터)벗어난, 면제된

exempt

He was fortunately immune from the disease and could take care of the sick.

immure

v

감금하다, 가두다

imprison; shut up in confinement

For the two weeks before the examination, the student immured himself in his room and concentrated upon his studies.

immutable

a

불변의, 불역의

unchangeable

Scientists are constantly seeking to discover the immutable laws of nature.

impair

v

(가치 따위를) 줄이다, 손상시키다

worsen; diminish in value

This arrest will impair her reputation in the community.

impale

v

푹 찌르다, 꿰뚫다

pierce

He was impaled by the spear hurled by his adversary.

impalpable

a

만져보아도 알 수 없는; 미세한; 무형의; 이해하기 어려운

imperceptible; intangible

The ash is so fine that it is impalpable to the touch but it can be seen as a fine layer covering the window ledge.

impasse

n

막다른 골목, 난국, 곤경

predicament from which there is no escape

In this impasse, all turned to prayer as their last hope.

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impassive

a

고통을 느끼지 않는, 무감각의, 의식을 잃은, 둔감한; 냉정한

without feeling; not affected by pain

The Navtive American had been incorrectly depicted as an impassive individual, undemonstrative and stoical.

impeach

v

탄핵하다; 고소하다, 헐뜯다

charge with crime in office; indict

The angry congressman wanted to impeach the President for his misdeeds.

impeccable

a

결점 없는, 완벽한; 죄를 범하지 않은

faultless

He was proud of his impeccable manners.

impecunious

a

돈이 없는, 가난한

without money

Now that he was wealthy, he gladly contributed to funds to assist impecunious and disabled persons.

impede

v

방해하다, 훼방놓다

hinder; block

The special prosecutor determined that the Attorney General, though inept, had not intentionally set out to impede the progress of the investigation.

impediment

n

방해, 장애, 장애물; 신체적 장애, (특히)언어장애

hindrance; stumbling-block

She had a speech impediment that prevented her from speaking clearly.

impending

a

임박한, 절박한

nearing; approaching

The entire country was saddened by the news of his impending death.

impenetrable

a

꿰뚫을 수 없는; 이해할 수 없는

not able to be pierced or entered beyond understanding

How could the murderer have gotten into the locked room? To Watson, the mystery, like the room, was impenetrable.

impenitent

a

뉘우치지 않는, 완고한

not repentant

We could see by his brazen attitude that he was impenitent.

imperial

a

황제의; 권세를 휘두르는; 오만한

like an emperor; related to an empire

When hotel owner Leona Helmsley appeared in ads as Queen Leona standing guard over the Palace Hotel, her critics mocked her imperial fancies.

imperiousness

n

오만함, 거만함

lordliness; domineering manner; arrogance

His imperiousness indicated that he had long been accustomed to assuming command.

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impermeable

a

스며들지 않는, 불침투성의

impervious; not permitting passage through its substance

This new material is impermeable to liquids.

impertinent

a

주제넘은, 건방진, 뻔뻔스러운; 관계없는

insolent

I regard your remarks as imperitinent and I resent them.

imperturbable

a

침착한, 냉정한, 태연한

calm; placid

Wellington remained imperturbable and in full command of the situation in spite of the hysteria and panic all around him.

impervious

a

(물, 공기가)소통하지 않는, 불침투성의; 둔감한, (정신 따위에)영향 받지 않은

not penetrable; not permitting passage through

You cannot change their habits for their minds are impervious to reasoning.

impetuous

a

성급한, 충동적인; 격렬한

violent; hasty; rash

We tried to curb his impetuous behavior because we felt in his haste he might offend some people.

impetus

n

힘, 추진력, 기동력; 충돌, 자극

moving force; incentive; stimulus

A new federal highway program would create jobs and give added impetus to our economic recovery.

impiety

n

불신앙; 불효; 사악한 행위(언행)

irreverence; wickedness

We must regard your blasphemy as an act of impiety.

impinge

v

범하다, 침해하다; 부딪치다, 충돌하다

infringe; touch; collide with

How could they be married without impinging on one another's freedom?

impious

a

경건치 않은; 사악한

irreverent

The congregation was offended by her impious remarks.

implacable

a

달래기(화해하기) 어려운, 용서 없는, 엄한, 앙심 깊은

incapable of being pacified

Madame Defarge was the implacable enemy of the Evremonde family.

implausible

a

그럴 듯하지 않은; 받아들이기 어려운

unlikely; unbelievable

Though her alibi seemed implausible, it in fact turned out to be true.

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implement

v

도구를 공급하다; 이행하다, 계획대로 실천하다; 보충(보완)하다

put into effect; supply with tools

The mayor was unwilling to implement the plan until she was sure it had the governor's backing.

implement (v)

v

실행하다, 시행하다; 장구를 제공하다

supply what is needed; furnish with tools

I am unwilling to implement this plan until I have assurance that it has the full approval of your officials.

implicate

v

(범죄 등에)연루시키다, 관련시키다; 포함(함축)하다

incriminate; show to be involved

Here's the deal

implication

n

함축, 내포된 뜻, 암시

something hinted at or suggested

When Miss Watson said she hadn't seen her purse since the last time Jim was in the house, the implication was that she suspected Jim had taken it.

implicit

a

함축적인, 은연중 내포한, 절대적인, 맹목적인

understood but not stated

Jack never told Jill he adored her; he believed his love was implicit in his deeds.

implode

v

안쪽으로 파열하다(내파하다)

burst inward

If you break a vacuum tube, the glass tube implodes.

implore

v

간청하다, 애원하다

beg

He implored her to give him a second chance.

imply

v

함축적으로 의미하다, 암시하다

suggest a meaning not expressed; signify

Even though your statement does not declare that you are at war with that country, your actions imply that that is the actual situation.

impolitic

a

어리석은, 지각 없는

not wise

I think it is impolitic to raise this issue at the present time because the public is too angry.

imponderable

a

무게가 없는, 무게를 알 수 없는; 평가할 수 없는, 헤아릴 수 없는

weightless; unfathomable

I can evaluate the data gathered in this study; the imponderable items are not so easily analyzed.

import

n

중요성, 의미, 취지

significance

I feel that you have not grasped the full import of the message sent to us by the enemy.

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importunate

a

귀찮은, 추근추근한

urging; demanding

He tried to hide from his importunate creditors until his allowance arrived.

importune

v

성가시게 졸라대다, 청하다; 괴롭히다

beg persistently

Democratic and Republican phone solicitors importuned her for contributions so frequently that she decided to give nothing to either party.

imposture

n

사기, 협잡

assuming a false identity; masquerade

She was imprisoned for her imposture of a doctor.

impotent

a

약한, 비효과적인

weak; ineffective

Although he wished to break the nicotine habit, he found himself impotent in resisting the craving for a cigarette.

imprecation

n

저주; (재난 등의)기원

curse

Roused from bed at what he considered an ungodly hour, Roy muttered imprecations under his breath.

impregnable

a

난공 불락의, (유혹 따위에)흔들리지 않는, 견고한

invulnerable

Until the development of the airplane as a military weapon, the fort was considered impregnable.

impromptu

a

즉석에서의, 준비 없이 하는; 즉흥적인

without previous preparation; off the cuff; on the spur of the moment

The judges were amazed that she could make such a thorough, well-supported presentation in an impromptu speech.

impropriety

n

적당(온당)치 않음, 부정, 잘못, 품행이 단정치 못함

improperness; unsuitableness

Because of the impropriety of the punk rocker's slashed T-shirt and jeans, the management refused to admit him to the hotel's very formal dining room.

improvident

a

절약심이 없는, 앞일을 생각지 않는; 선견지명이 없는, 부주의한

thriftless

He was constantly being warned to mend his improvident ways and begin to "save for a rainy day."

improvise

v

(시·음 따위를)즉석에서 짓다(연주하다), 임시 변통으로 만들다

compose on the spur of the moment

She would sit at the piano and improvise for hours on themes from Bach and Handel.

imprudent

a

사려가 없는, 경솔한, 신중치 못한, 무모한

lacking caution; injudicious

It is imprudent to exercise vigorously and become overheated when you are unwell.

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impudence

n

뻔뻔스러움, 건방짐, 몰염치

impertinence; insolence

Kissed on the cheek by a perfect stranger, Lady Catherine exclaimed, "Of all the nerve! Young man, I should have you horsewhipped for your impudence."

impugn

v

의심하다; 비난(공격)하다

dispute or contradict (often in an insulting way); challenge; gainsay

Our treasurer was furious when the finance committee's report impugned the accuracy of his financial records and recommended that he take bonehead math.

impuissance

n

무능, 무기력, 허약

powerlessness; feebleness

The lame duck President was frustrated by his shift from enormous power to relative impuissance.

impunity

n

형벌(해)을 받지 않음, 무사(히 넘김)

freedom from punishment or harm

A 98-pound weakling can't attack a beachfront bully with impunity

impute

v

탓으로 돌리다, 전가하다

attribute; ascribe

If I wished to impute blame to the officers in charge of this program, I would state my feelings definitely and immediately.

inadvertently

d

부주의하게; 무심코, 우연히

unintentionally; by oversight; carelessly

Judy's great fear was that she might inadvertently omit a question on the exam and mismark her whole answer sheet.

inalienable

a

양도할 수 없는, 침해할 수 없는, 빼앗을 수 없는

not to be taken away; nontransferable

The Declaration of Independence mentions the inalienable rights that all of us possess.

inane

a

어리석은; 무의미한, 텅 빈, 공허한

silly; senseless

There's no point in what you're saying. Why are you bothering to make such inane remarks?

inanimate

a

생명이 없는, 죽은; 활기 없는

lifeless

She was asked to identify the still and inanimate body.

inarticulate

a

발음이 분명치 않은; 생각을 분명하게 표현하지 못하는

speechless; producing indistinct speech

She became inarticulate with rage and uttered sounds without meaning.

inaugurate

v

(정식으로)…을 시작하다, 개시하다; …의 취임식을 올리다

begin formally; install in office

The candidate promised that he would inaugurate a new nationwide health care plan as soon as he was inaugurated as president.

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incandescent

a

백열의, 백열광을 내는; 빛나는, 밝은; 훌륭한, 멋진, 총명한

strikingly bright; shining with intense heat

If you leave on an incandescent light bulb, it quickly grows too hot to touch.

incantation

n

주문, 마법, 마술

singing or chanting of magic spells; magical formula

Uttering incantations to make the brew more potent, the witch doctor stirred the liquid in the caldron.

incapacitate

v

무능력하게 하다; …로부터 자격을 빼앗다

disable

During the winter, many people were incapacitated by respiratory ailments.

incarcerate

v

감금하다, 투옥하다, 유폐하다

imprison

The civil rights workers were willing to be arrested and even incarcerated if by their imprisonment they could serve the cause.

incarnate

a

육신을 갖춘, 사람의 모습을 한

endowed with flesh; personified

Your attitude is so fiendish that you must be a devil incarnate.

incarnation

n

인간화, 화신

act of assuming a human body and human nature

The incarnation of Jesus Christ is a basic tenet of Christian theology.

incendiary

n

방화범, 선동자

arsonist

The fire spread in such an unusual manner that the fire department chiefs were certain that it had been set by an incendiary.

incense

v

몹시 화나게 하다, 격분시키다

enrage; infuriate

Cruelty to defenseless animals incensed Kit

incentive

n

자극, 유인, 동기

spur; motive

Mike's strong desire to outshine his big sister was all the incentive he needed to do well in school.

inception

n

시작, 개시, 발단

start; beginning

She was involved with the project from its inception.

incessant

a

그칠새 없는, 끊임없는

uninterrupted; unceasing

In a famous TV commercial, the frog's incessant croaking goes on and on until eventually it turns into a single word

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inchoate

a

방금 시작된, 미발달된, 미완성의

recently begun; rudimentary; elementary

Before the Creation, the world was an inchoate mass.

incidence

n

범위; 빈도; 발생, 사건; 부담

rate of occurrence; particular occurrence

Health professionals expressed great concern over the high incidence of infant mortality in major urban areas.

incidental

a

주요하지 않은, 임시의; 부수하여 일어나는, 흔히 있는

not essential; minor

The scholarship covered his major expenses at college and some of his incidental expenses as well.

incipient

a

시초의, 초기의, 발단의

beginning; in an early stage

I will go to sleep early for I want to break an incipient cold.

incisive

a

날카로운, 예리한, 신랄한

cutting; sharp

Her incisive remarks made us see the fallacy in our plans.

incite

v

자극하다, 고무하다, 선동하다

arouse to action; goad; motivate; induce to exist

In a fiery speech, Mario incited his fellow students to go out on strike to protest the university's anti-affirmative-action stand.

inclement

a

(기후가)모진, 한랭한, 매서운, 혹심한

stormy; unkind

In inclement weather, I like to curl up on the sofa with a good book and listen to the storm blowing outside.

incline

v

기울이다, 경사시키다; (마음)을 돌리다, 기울이다

slope; slant

The architect recommended that the nursing home's ramp be rebuilt because its incline was too steep for wheelchairs.

inclined

a

생각이 있는, 경향이 있는

tending or leaning toward; bent

Though I am inclined to be skeptical, the witness's manner inclines me to believe his story.

inclusive

a

모든 것을 포함(가산)한

tending to include all

The comedian turned down the invitation to join the Players' Club, saying any club that would let him in was too inclusive for him.

incognito

d

신분을 숨기고, 익명으로

with identity concealed; using an assumed name

The monarch enjoyed traveling through the town incognito and mingling with the populace.

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incoherent

a

조리가 닿지 않는, 앞뒤가 맞지 않는, 모순된

unintelligible; muddled; illogical

The excited fan blushed and stammered, her words becoming almost incoherent in the thrill of meeting her favorite rock star face to face.

incommodious

a

비좁고 옹색한, 불편한

not spacious; inconvenient

In their incommodious quarters, they had to improvise for closet space.

incompatible

a

성미가 맞지 않는, 양립하기 어려운, 모순된

inharmonious

The married couple argued incessantly and finally decided to separate because they were incompatible.

incongruity

n

불일치, 부조화, 부적당

lack of harmony; absurdity

The incongruity of his wearing sneakers with formal attire amused the observers.

inconsequential

a

대수롭지 않은; 불합리한

insignificant; unimportant

Brushing off Ali's apologies for having broken the wine glass, Tamara said, "Don't worry about it; it's inconsequential."

inconsistency

n

불일치, 모순; 주견 없음; 모순된 사물

state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness

How are lawyers different from agricultural inspectors? Where lawyers check inconsistencies in witnesses' statements, agricultural inspectors check inconsistencies in Grade A eggs.

incontinent

a

자제할 수 없는, (비밀 따위를)지키지 못하는

lacking self-restraint; licentious

His incontinent behavior off stage shocked many people and they refused to attend the plays and movies in which he appeared.

incontrovertible

a

논쟁할 여지 없는, 다툴 나위 없는, 명백한

indisputable; not open to question

Unless you find the evidence against my client absolutely incontrovertible, you must declare her not guilty of this charge.

incorporate

v

통합(합동)시키다, 합병하다, 결합하다; 가입시키다

introduce something into a larger whole; combine; unite

Breaking with precedent, President Truman ordered the military to incorporate blacks into every branch of the armed services.

incorporeal

a

형체 없는, 무형의, 영적인

lacking a material body; insubstantial

Although Casper the friendly ghost is an incorporeal being, he and his fellow ghosts make quite an impact on the physical world.

incorrigible

a

교정(선도)할 수 없는, 어쩔 도리 없는

uncorrectable

Though Widow Douglass hoped to reform Huck, Miss Watson pronounced him incorrigible and said he would come to no good end.

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incredulity

a

쉽사리 믿지 않음, 의심이 많음, 회의심

a tendency to disbelief

Your incredulity in the face of all the evidence is hard to understand.

incredulous

a

쉽사리 믿지 않는, 의심 많은

withholding belief; skeptical

When Jack claimed he hadn't eaten the jelly doughnut, Jill took an incredulous look at his smeared face and laughed.

increment

n

증가, 증대, 인상, 증액; 이익

increase

The new contract calls for a 10 percent increment in salary for each employee for the next two years.

incriminate

v

죄를 뒤집어 씌우다, 유죄로 만들다, …의 탓으로 지탄하다

accuse; serve as evidence against

The witness's testimony against the racketeers incriminates some high public officials as well.

incrustation

n

외피로 덮음; 피각, 겉껍질, 딱지; 상감, 겉치장

hard coating or crust

In dry dock, we scraped off the incrustation of dirt and barnacles that covered the hull of the ship.

incubate

v

부화시키다; 곰곰이 생각하다

hatch; scheme

Inasmuch as our supply of electricity is cut off, we shall have to rely on the hens to incubate these eggs.

incubus

n

부담, 마음의 부담; 악몽

burden; mental care; nightmare

The incubus of financial worry helped bring on her nervous breakdown.

inculcate

v

가르쳐주다, 깨우치다

teach

In an effort to inculcate religious devotion, the officials ordered that the school day begin with the singing of a hymn.

incumbent

a

현직의, 재직의; 의무로서 지워지는

obligatory; currently holding an office

It is incumbent upon all incumbent elected officials to keep accurate records of expenses incurred in office.

incur

v

(위험·비난 따위)를 (스스로)초래하다, 가져오다; (부채)를 걸머지다

bring upon oneself

His parents refused to pay any future debts he might incur.

incursion

n

일시적인 침략, 습격

temporary invasion

The nightly incursions and hit-and-run raids of our neighbors across the border tried the patience of the country to the point where we decided to retaliate in force.

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indefatigable

a

지치지(싫증내지) 않는, 끈기 있는

tireless

Although the effort of taking out the garbage exhausted Wayne for the entire morning, when it came to partying, he was indefatigable.

indelible

a

지울(씻을) 수 없는; 잊혀지지 않는

not able to be erased

The indelible ink left a permanent mark on my shirt. Young Bill Clinton's meeting with President Kennedy made an indelible impression on the youth.

indemnify

v

(법률적으로)보증(보장)하다; 배상(보상)하다

make secure against loss; compensate for loss

The city will indemnify all home owners whose property is spoiled by this project.

indentation

n

톱니 모양, 오목함, 벤 자국; 톱니 모양으로 함

notch; deep recess

You can tell one tree from another by noting the differences in the indentations along the edges of the leaves.

indenture

v

(노역)계약서로 정하다, 도제살이에 넣다

bind as servant or apprentice to master

Many immigrants could come to America only after they had indentured themselves for several years.

indeterminate

a

확정한, 부정(不定)의, 막연한

uncertain; not clearly fixed; indefinite

That interest rates shall rise appears certain; when they will do so, however, remains indeterminate.

indicative

a

암시하는, 지시하는, 표시하는

suggestive, implying

A lack of appetite may be indicative of a major mental or physical disorder.

indices

n

표시, 지침, 지표; 색인

sings; indications

Many college admissions officers believe that SAT scores and high school grades are the best indices of a student's potential to succeed in college.

indict

v

기소(고발)하다

charge

The district attorney didn't want to indict the suspect until she was sure she had a strong enough case to convince a jury.

indifferent

a

냉담한, 무감동의, 관심이 없는

unmoved or unconcerned by; mediocre

Because Ann felt no desire to marry, she was indifferent to Carl's constant proposals. Not only was she indifferent to him personally, but she felt that, given his general inanity, he would make an indifferent husband.

indigence

n

가난, 빈궁, 빈곤, 궁핍

poverty

Neither the economists nor the political scientists have found a way to wipe out the inequities of wealth and eliminate indigence from our society.

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indigenous

a

토착의, 본토산의, 그 고장 고유의

native

Cigarettes are made of tobacco, a plant indigenous to the New World.

indigent

a

궁핍(빈곤)한; 결함이 있는, 불완전한

poor; destitute

Someone who is truly indigent can't even afford to buy a pack of cigarettes. [Don't mix up indigent and indigenous.]

indignation

n

(부정·비열 따위에 대한)분노, 분개, 의분

anger at an injustice

She felt indignation at the ill-treatment of the helpless animals.

indignity

n

경멸, 모욕, 무례, 냉대

offensive or insulting treatment

Although he seemed to accept cheerfully the indignities heaped upon him, he was inwardly very angry.

indiscriminate

a

무차별의; 혼잡한, 난잡한

choosing at random; confused

She disapproved of her son's indiscriminate television viewing and decided to restrict him to educational programs.

indisputable

a

의문의 여지가 없는, 명백한

too certain to be disputed

In the face of these indisputable statements, I withdraw my compliant.

indissoluble

a

(관계·인연 따위가)영속적인, 확고한; 분해할 수 없는

permanent

The indissoluble bonds of marriage are all too often being dissolved.

indite

v

(시·연설문 따위를)짓다, 쓰다

write; compose

Cyrano indited many letters for Christian.

indolent

a

나태한, 게으른

lazy

Couch potatoes lead an indolent life lying back in their Lazyboy recliners watching TV.

indomitable

a

굽히지 않는, 불굴의, 꿋꿋한

unconquerable; unyielding

Focusing on her game despite all her personal problems, tennis champion Steffi Graf displayed an indomitable will to win.

indubitable

a

의심할 여지 없는, 확실(명백)한

unable to be doubted; unquestionable

Auditioning for the chorus line, Molly was an indubitable hit

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induce

v

(남)을 권유(설득)하여 …을 시키다, 권유하다, 유도하여 …하게 하다

persuade; bring about

After the quarrel, Tina said nothing could induce her to talk to Tony again.

inductive

a

귀납적인; 유도의

pertaining to induction or proceeding from the specific to the general

The discovery of the planet Pluto is an excellent example of the results that can be obtained from inductive reasoning.

indulgent

a

응석받는, 엄하지 않은, 관대한

humoring; yielding; lenient

Jay's mom was excessively indulgent

industrious

a

근면한, 부지런한, 애쓰는

diligent; hard-working

Look busy when the boss walks by your desk; it never hurts to appear industrious.

inebriated

n

음주벽; 술취한 상태, 술취하게 함

habitually intoxicated; drunk

Abe was inebriated more often than he was sober. Because of his inebriety, he was discharged from his job as a bus driver.

ineffable

n

말로 표현할 수 없는 말; 말하기에는 너무 거룩(신성)한

unutterable; cannot be expressed in speech

Such ineffable joy must be experienced; it cannot be described.

ineffectual

a

효과적이 아닌; 무익한, 헛된; 무능한

not effective; weak

Because the candidate failed to get across her message to the public, her campaign was ineffectual.

ineluctable

a

불가항력의, 피할 수 없는

irresistible; not to be escaped

He felt that his fate was ineluctable and refused to make any attempt to improve his lot.

inept

a

부적당한, 터무니 없는; 무능력한

lacking skill; unsuited; incompetent

The inept glovemaker was all thumbs.

inequity

n

불공평, 불공정

unfairness

In demanding equal pay for equal work, women protest the basic inequity of a system that allots greater financial rewards to men.

inerrancy

n

잘못(오류)이 없음, 절대로 옳음

infallibility

Jane refused to believe in the pope's inerrancy, reasoning

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inert

a

불활성의; 둔한, 활발치 못한, 느린

inactive; lacking power to move

Get up, you lazybones, Tina cried to Tony, who lay in bed inert.

inevitable

a

피할 수 없는, 필연적인

unavoidable

Though death and taxes are both supposedly inevitable, some people avoid paying taxes for years.

inexorable

a

냉혹(무정)한, 가차없는

relentless; unyielding; implacable

After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inexorable and gave the convicted man the maximum punishment allowed by law.

infallible

a

전혀 잘못이 없는; 절대로 과실이 없는; 확실한

unerring

We must remember that none of us is infallible; we all make mistakes.

infamous

a

파렴치한, 악명 높은

notoriously bad

Chales Manson and Jffrey Dahmer are two examples of infamous killers.

infantile

a

어린애 같은; 유치한

childish; infantlike

When will he outgrow such infantile behavior?

infer

v

결론짓다, 추정하다, 추론하다

deduce; conclude

From the students' glazed looks, it was easy for me to infer that they were bored out of their minds.

infernal

a

지옥의, 지옥에 사는; 악마 같은, 극악무도한

pertaining to hell; devilish

Batman was baffled

infidel

n

무신론자, 신앙심이 없는 사람; 이교도

unbeliever

The Saracens made war against the infidels.

infiltrate

v

침투하다, 스며들다

pass into or through; penetrate (an organization) sneakily

In order to infiltrate enemy lines at night without being seen, the scouts darkened their faces and wore black coveralls.

infinitesimal

a

미소한, 무한소의, 미분의

very small

In the twentieth century, physicists have made their greatest discoveries about the characteristics of infinitesimal objects like the atom and its parts.

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infirmity

n

허약, 쇠약; 결점, 약점; 병

weakness

Her greatest infirmity was lack of willpower.

inflated

n

과장된; 부푼; (가격이)폭등한

exaggerated; pompous; enlarged (with air or gas)

His claims about the new product were inflated; it did not work as well as he had promised.

influx

n

흘러듦, 유입, 쇄도, 도래

flowing into

The influx of refugees into the country has taxed the relief agencies severely.

infraction

n

위반, 침해

violation (of a rule or regulation); breach

When basketball star Dennis Rodman butted heads with the referee, he committed a clear infraction of NBA rules.

infringe

v

(권리)를 침해하다, …를 어기다, 위반하다

violate; encroach

I think your machine infringes on my patent and I intend to sue.

ingenious

a

교묘한, 정교한; 현명한

clever; resourceful

Kit admired the ingenious way that her computer keyboard opened up to reveal the built-in CD-ROM below.

ingenuous

a

순진한

naive. young. unsophisticated

These remarks indicate that you are ingenuous and unaware of life's harsher realities.

ingrained

a

뿌리깊은, 철저한; 타고난

deeply established; firmly rooted

Try as they would, the missionaries were unable to uproot the ingrained superstitions of the natives.

ingrate

n

은혜를 모르는(배은망덕한) 사람

ungrateful person

That ingrate Bob sneered at the tie I gave him.

ingratiate

v

환심을 사다, 마음에 들도록 하다

become popular with

He tried to ingratiate himself into her parents' good graces.

inherent

a

고유의, 본래의, 선천적인

firmly established by nature or habit

Katya's inherent love of justice caused her to champion anyone she considered to be treated unfairly by society.

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inhibit

v

금하다, 방해하다, 억제하다

restrain; retard or prevent

Only two things inhibited him from taking a punch at Mike Tyson

inimical

a

적의를 품은, 적대시하는, 불화한

unfriendly; hostile; harmful; detrimental

I've always been friendly to Martha. Why is she so inimical to me?

inimitable

a

흉내낼 수 없는, 비길 데 없는

matchless; not able to be imitated

We admire Auden for his inimitable use of language; he is one of a kind.

iniquitous

a

부정(불법)의; 사악(간악)한

wicked; immoral; unrighteous

Whether or not King Richard III was responsible for the murder of the two young princes in the Tower, it was an iniquitous deed.

initiate

v

(일)을 시작하다, 창시하다; (남)에게 가입을 승인하다, (남)을 입회시키다

begin; originate; receive into a group

The college is about to initiate a program for reducing math anxiety among students.

injurious

a

해로운, 나쁜 결과를 낳는; 부당한, 불법의

harmful

Smoking cigarettes can be injurious to your health.

inkling

n

어렴풋이 알아차리기; 암시

hint

This came as a complete surprise to me as I did not have the slightest inkling of your plans.

innate

a

타고난, 천부적인

inborn

Mozart's parents soon recognized young Wolfgang's innate talent for music.

innocuous

a

해(독) 없는

harmless

An occasional glass of wine with dinner is relatively innocuous and should have no ill effect on most people.

innovation

n

혁신, 쇄신; 새 제도

change; introduction of something new

Although Rechard liked to keep up with all the latest technological innovations, he didn't always abandon tried and true techniques in favor of something new.

innuendo

n

풍자, 빗대어 말하기, 비꼼

hint; insinuation

I can defend myself against direct accusations; innuendoes and oblique attacks on my character are what trouble me.

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inopportune

a

때(형편)가 좋지 않은, 시기를 놓친

untimely; poorly chosen

A rock concert is an inopportune setting for a quiet conversation.

inordinate

a

과도한; 무제한의

unrestrained; excessive

She had an inordinate fondness for candy, eating two or three boxes in a single day.

inquisitor

n

심문관, 조사관

questioner (especially harsh); investigator

Fearing being grilled ruthlessly by the secret police, Marsha faced her inquisitors with trepidation.

insalubrious

a

건강에 나쁜, 몸에 해로운

unwholesome; not healthful

The mosquito-ridden swamp was an insalubrious place, a breeding ground for malarial contagion.

insatiable

a

만족할 줄 모르는, 탐욕스러운

not easily satisfied; unquenchable; greedy

The young writer's thirst for knowledge was insatiable; she was always in the library.

inscrutable

a

불가사의한, 이해할 수 없는

impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious

Experienced poker players try to keep their expressions inscrutable, hiding their reactions to the cards behind a so-called poker face.

insensate

a

무감각한, 비정의, 무정한

without feeling

She lay there as insensate as a log.

insensible

a

무감각한, 감수성이 없는, 냉담한

unconscious; unresponsive

Sherry and I are very different; at times when I would be covered with embarrassment, she seems insensible to shame.

insidious

a

틈을 엿보는, 음험한, 교활한

treacherous; stealthy; sly

The fifth column is insidious because it works secretly within our territory for our defeat.

insightful

a

통찰력이 있는, 지각할 수 있는

discerning; perceptive

Sol thought he was very insightful about human behavior, but actually he was clueless as to why people acted the way they did.

insinuate

v

빗대어 말하다, 넌지시 말하다

hint; imply; creep in

When you said I looked robust, did you mean to insinuate that I'm getting fat?

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insipid

a

맛없는; 지루한, 재미없는, 무미건조한

lacking in flavor; dull

Flat prose and flat ginger ale are equally insipid

insolence

n

건방짐, 거만함, 오만

impudent disrespect; haughtiness

How dare you treat me so rudely! The manager will hear of your insolence.

insolvent

a

파산(자)의; 지불불능의

bankrupt; lacking money to pay

When rumors that he was insolvent reached his creditors, they began to press him for payment of the money due them.

insomnia

n

불면, 불면증

wakefulness; inability to sleep

She refused to join us in a midnight cup of coffee because she claimed it gave her insomnia.

insouciant

a

부주의한, 무관심한

indifferent; without concern or care

Your insouciant attitude at such a critical moment indicates that you do not understand the gravity of the situation.

instigate

v

시작하다. 일으키다

urge. start. provoke

I'm afraid that this statement will instigate a revolt.

insubordination

n

(권력 따위에)순종하지 않는, 반항하는

disobedience; rebelliousness

At the slightest hint of insubordination from the sailors on the Bounty, Captain Bligh had them flogged; finally, they mutinied.

insubstantial

a

실체가 없는, 비현실적인, 환상적인; 약한

lacking substance; insignificant; frail

His hopes for a career in acting proved insubstantial; no one would cast him, even in an insubstantial role.

insularity

n

섬나라 근성, 편협

narrow-mindedness; isolation

The insularity of the islanders manifested itself in their suspicion of anything foreign.

insuperable

a

이겨내기 어려운, 극복하기 어려운

insurmountable; unbeatable

Though the odds against their survival seemed insuperable, the Apollo 13 astronauts reached earth safely.

insurgent

a

반란을 일으키는, 밀려오는

rebellious

Because the insurgent forces had occupied the capital and had gained control of the railway lines, several of the war correspondents covering the uprising predicted a rebel victory.

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insurmountable

a

능가할 수 없는, 이겨내기 어려운

overwhelming; unbeatable; insuperable

Facing almost insurmountable obstacles, the members of the underground maintained their courage and will to resist.

insurrection

n

폭동, 반란, 모반

rebellion; uprising

In retrospect, given how badly the British treated the American colonists, the eventual insurrection seems inevitable.

intangible

a

만질 수 없는; 막연한, 불명료한

not able to be perceived by touch; vague

Though the financial benefits of his Oxford post were meager, Lewis was drawn to it by its intangible rewards

integral

a

완전한, 빠진 것이 없는; 필수의

complete; necessary for completeness

Physical education is an integral part of our curriculum; a sound mind and a sound body are complementary.

integrate

v

(부분·요소를)전체로 합치다, 결합시키다, 통합하다

make whole; combine; make into one unit

She tried to integrate all their activities into one program.

integrity

n

고결함, 성실; 완전함, 무결

uprightness; wholeness

Lincoln, whose personal integrity has inspired millions, fought a civil war to maintain the integrity of the republic, that these United States might remain undivided for all time.

intellect

n

지력, 지성, 이지

higher mental powers

He thought college would develop his intellect.

intelligentsia

n

지식계급, 인텔리겐차

intellectuals; members of the educated elite [often used derogatorily]

She preferred discussions about sports and politics to the literary conversations of the intelligentsia.

inter

v

매장하다

bury

They are going to inter the body tomorrow at Broadlawn Cemetery.

interdict

v

금지하다, 막다, 방해하다

prohibit; forbid

Civilized nations must interdict the use of nuclear weapons if we expect our society to live.

interim

n

한동안, 중간기; 짬, 잠시

meantime

The company will not consider our proposal until next week; in the interim, let us proceed as we have in the past.

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interloper

n

남의 일에 참견하는 사람, 주제넘은 사람; 무허가 영업자

intruder

The merchant thought of his competitors as interlopers who were stealing away his trade.

interminable

a

끝없는, 무한한

endless

Although his speech lasted for only twenty minutes, it seemed interminable to his bored audience.

intermittent

a

주기적인, 간헐적인

periodic; on and off

The outdoor wedding reception had to be moved indoors to avoid the intermittent showers that fell on and off all afternoon.

internecine

a

서로 죽이는, 많은 사상자를 내는, 피비린내 나는

mutually destructive

The rising death toll on both sides indicates the internecine nature of this conflict.

interpolate

v

끼워넣다, (어구 따위)를 써넣다

insert between

She talked so much that I could not interpolate a single remark.

interregnum

n

(국왕·원수 등의)궐위기간; (내각 경질에 따른)정치의 공백기간; (일반적의로)정지 기간

period between two reigns

Henry VIII desperately sought a male heir because he feared the civil strife that might occur if any prolonged interregnum succeeded his death.

interrogate

v

심문하다, 질문하다; 반대 심문하다

question closely; cross-examine

Knowing that the Nazis would interrogate him about his background, the secret agent invented a cover story that would help him meet their questions.

intervene

v

사이에 끼여들다; 중재하다, 간섭하다

come between

When two close friends get into a fight, be careful if you try to intervene; they may join forces and gang up on you.

intimate

v

암시하다, 넌지시 비추다

hint

She intimated rather than stated her preferences.

intimidate

v

위협(협박)하다

frighten

I'll learn karate and then those big bullies won't be able to intimidate me anymore.

intractable

a

다루기 힘든, 고집 불통의, 옹고집의

unruly; stubborn; unyielding

Charlie Brown's friend Pigpen was intractable

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intransigence

n

(정치상의)비타협(적인 태도), 타협(양보)하지 않음

refusal of any compromise; stubbornness

The negotiating team had not expected such intransigence from the striking workers, who rejected any hint of a compromise.

intrepid

a

용맹스러운, 대담한

fearless

For her intrepid conduct nursing the wounded during the war, Florence Nightingale was honored by Queen Victoria.

intrinsic

a

본질적인, 원래의, 고유의

essential; inherent; built-in

Although my grandmother's china has little intrinsic value, I shall always cherish it for the memories it evokes.

introspective

a

내성적인, 내향적인, 자기관찰(분석)의

looking within oneself

Though young Francis of Assisi led a wild and worldly life, even he had introspective moments during which he examined his soul.

introvert

n

내성적인 사람

one who is introspective; inclined to think more about oneself

In his poetry, he reveals that he is an introvert by his intense interest in his own problems.

intrude

v

침해하다, 부단히 침입하다, 끼여들다, 떠맡기다, 무리하게 강요하다

trespass; enter as an uninvited person

She hesitated to intrude on their conversation.

intuition

n

진리, 직관

immediate insight; power of knowing without reasoning

Even though Tony denied that anything was wrong, Tina trusted her intuition that something was bothering him.

inundate

v

범람시키다, 물에 잠기게 하다, 침수시키다

overwhelm; flood; submerge

This semester I am inundated with work

inured

a

익숙한; 단련된

accustomed; hardened

He became inured to the Alaskan cold.

invalidate

v

무효로 만들다

weaken; destroy

The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document.

invective

n

비난, 욕설, 장광설

abuse, harangue

He had expected criticism but not the invective which greeted his proposal.

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inveigh

v

통렬히 비난하다; 욕설하다

denounce; utter censure or invective

He inveighed against the demagoguery of the previous speaker and urged that the audience reject his philosophy as dangerous.

inveigle

v

꾀다; 솔깃한 말로 속이다

lead astray; wheedle

She was inveigled into joining the club.

inverse

a

반대의

opposite

There is an inverse ratio between the strength of light and its distance.

invert

v

거꾸로 하다

turn upside down or inside out

When he inverted his body in a hand stand, he felt the blood rush to his head.

inveterate

a

뿌리깊은; 상습적인

deep-rooted; habitual

She is an inveterate smoker.

invidious

a

사악한

designed to create ill will or envy

We disregarded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was.

invincible

a

무적의

unconquerable

Superman is invincible.

inviolability

n

신성 불가침

security from being destroyed, corrupted or profaned

They respected the inviolability of her faith and did not try to change her manner of living.

invoke

v

빌다; 호소하다

call upon; ask for

She invoked her advisor's aid in filling out her financial aid forms.

invulnerable

a

상하게 할 수 없는

incapable of injury

Achilles was invulnerable except in his heel.

iota

n

아주 조금, 미소량

very samll quantity

She hadn't an iota of common sense.

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irascible

a

성마른; 성급한

irritable; easily angered

His irascible temper frightened me.

irate

a

성난

angry

When John's mother found out that he had overdrawn his checking account for the third month in a row, she was so irate floated on the surface of the water.

iridescent

a

무지개 빛깔의

exhibiting rainbowlike colors

She admired the iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water.

irksome

a

싫증나는; 지루한

annoying; tedious

He found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform.

ironic

a

반어의

resulting in an unexpected and contrary manner

It is ironic that his success came when he least wanted it.

irony

n

풍자; 반어법

hidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that convey a meaning opposite to the literal meaning

Gradually his listeners began to realize that the excessive praise he was lavishing was merely irony; he was actually denouncing his opponent.

irreconcilable

a

화해할 수 없는; 융화하기 어려운

incompatible; not able to be resolved

Because the separated couple were irreconcilable, the marriage counselor recommended a divorce.

irrefragable

a

엉뚱한; 무관계한

not to be disproved; indisputable

This statement is irrelevant and should be disregarded by the jury.

irrefutable

a

반박할 수 없는

indisputable; incontrovertible; undeniable

No matter how hard I tried to find a good comeback for her argument, I couldn't think of one

irrelevant

a

부적절한, 엉뚱한, 빗나간

not applicable; unrelated

No matter how irrelevant the patient's mumblings may seem, they give us some indications of what is on his mind.

irremediable

a

불치의; 회복할 수 없는

incurable; uncorrectable

The error she made was irremediable; she could see no way to repair it.

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irreparable

a

수선할 수 없는

not able to be corrected or repaired

Your apology cannot atone for the irreparable damage you have done to her reputation.

irrepressible

a

억누를 수 없는

unable to be restrained or held back

Her high spirits were irrepressible.

irreproachable

a

비난할 여지가 없는, 결점 없는, 흠잡을 데 없는

blameless; impeccable

Homer's conduct at the office party was irreproachable; even Marge had nothing bad to say about how he behaved.

irresolute

a

결단력이 없는; 우유부단한

uncertain how to act; weak

She had no respect for him because he seemed weak-willed and irresolute.

irretrievable

a

회복할 수 없는, 만회할 가망이 없는

impossible to recover or regain; irreparable

The left fielder tried to retrieve the ball, but it flew over the fence, bounced off a wall, and fell into the sewer

irreverence

n

불경, 불손

lack of proper respect

Some people in the audience were amused by the irreverence of the comedian's jokes about the Pope; others felt offended by his lack of respect for their faith.

irreverent

a

불손한

lacking proper respect

The worshippers resented her irreverent remarks about their faith.

irrevocable

a

변경할 수 없는

unalterable

Let us not brood over past mistakes since they are irrevocable.

isotope

n

동위 원소, 동위체

varying form of an element

The study of the isotopes of uranium led to the development of the nuclear bomb.

isthmus

n

지협

narrow neck of land connecting two larger bodies of land

In a magnificent feat of engineering, Goethals and his men cut through the isthmus of Panama in constructing the Panama Canal.

itinerant

a

순회하는, 순력의, 지방 순회의

wandering; traveling

He was an itinerant peddler and traveled through Pennsylvania and Virginia selling his wares.

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itinerary

n

도정, 여행 계획, 여행 안내서

plan of a trip

Disliking sudden changes in plans when she traveled abroad, Ethel refused to make any alterations in her itinerary.

jabber

v

재잘거리다; 깩깩거리다

chatter rapidly or unintelligibly

Why does the fellow insist on jabbering away in French when I can't understand a word he says?

jaded

a

지친, 싫증난

fatigued; surfeited

He looked for exotic foods to stimulate his jaded appetite.

jargon

n

전문 용어, 기술 용어, 은어; 사투리; 뜻을 알 수 없는 말, 횡설수설하는 말

language used by a special group; technical terminology; gibberish

The computer salesmen at the store used a jargon of their own that we simply couldn't follow; we had no idea what they were jabbering about.

jaundiced

a

황달에 걸; 편견을 가진; 시기하는

prejudiced (envious, hostile, or resentful); yellowed

Because Sue disliked Carolyn, she looked at Carolyn's paintings with a jaundiced eye, calling them formless smears. Newborn infants afflicted with jaundice look slightly yellow

jaunt

n

소풍, 들놀이

trip; short journey

He took a quick jaunt to Atlantic City.

jaunty

a

멋부리는, 말쑥한, 멋진; 명랑한, 쾌활한

lighthearted; animated; easy and carefree

In Singing in the Rain, Gene Kelly sang and danced his way through the lighthearted title number in a properly jaunty style.

jeopardize

v

위태롭게 하다

endanger; imperil; put at risk

You can't give me a D in chemistry

jettison

v

(화물·뱃짐을)바다로 던지다; (무익한 것)을 버리다

throw overboard

In order to enable the ship to ride safely through the storm, the captain had to jettison much of his cargo.

jibe

v

조화하다, 일치하다

agree; be in harmony with

Moe says Curly started the fight; Curly insists it was Moe. Their stories just don't jibe.

jingoist

n

맹목적이고 과격한(호전적인) 애국주의

extremely aggressive and militant patriot; warlike chauvinist

Always bellowing "America first!," the congressman was such a jingoist you could almost hear the sabers rattling as he marched down the halls.

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jocose

a

익살맞은, 우스꽝스러운

given to joking

The salesman was so jocose that many of his customers suggested that he become a stand-up comic.

jocular

a

농담으로 말한, 우스꽝스러운, 익살맞은

said or done in jest

Although Bill knew the boss hated jokes, he couldn't resist making one jocular remark; his jocularity cost him the job.

jocund

a

쾌활한, 명랑한, 즐거운

merry

Santa Claus is always cheerful and jocund.

jollity

n

명랑, 즐거움, 환희; 유쾌한 모임, 흥청대기

gaiety; cheerfulness

The festive Christmas dinner was a merry one, and old and young alike joined in the general jollity.

jostle

v

(난폭하게) 떠밀다, 밀어 제치고 나아가다

shove; bump

In the subway he was jostled by the crowds.

jovial

a

유쾌한, 명랑한, 즐거운; 주피터의, 목성의

good-natured; merry

A frown seemed out of place on his invariably jovial face.

jubilation

n

환호, 환희(의 축제)

rejoicing

There was great jubilation when the armistice was announced.

judicious

a

현명한, 사려 깊은

sound in judgment; wise

At a key moment in his life, he made a judicious investment that was the foundation of his later wealth.

juggernaut

n

엄청난 파괴력, 불가항력; 맹목적 미신

irresistible crushing force

Nothing could survive in the path of the juggernaut.

juncture

n

접속, 연결; 전환기, 중대

crisis; joining point

At this critical juncture, let us think carefully before determining the course we shall follow.

junket

n

소풍, (유람)여행; 환락, 연혁

trip, especially one taken for pleasure by an official at public expense

Though she maintained she had gone abroad to collect firsthand data on the Common Market, the opposition claimed that her trip was merely a political junket.

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junta

n

(쿠데타 직후 정권을 장악하는)군사정부; (스페인·남미 등지의)의회

group of persons joined in political intrigue; cabal

As soon as he learned of its existence, the dictator ordered the execution of all of the members of the junta.

jurisprudence

n

법률학, 법률의 지식

science of law

She was more a student of jurisprudence than a practitioner of the law.

justification

n

정당화, (정당하다고 하는)변명, 변명의 사유

good or just reason; defense; excuse

The jury found him guilty of the more serious charge because they could see no possible justification for his actions.

juxtapose

v

나란히 하다, 가지런히 놓다

place side by side

Comparison will be easier if you juxtapose the two objects.

kaleidoscope

n

만화경, 변화 무쌍

tube in which patterns made by the reflection in mirrors of colored pieces of glass, etc., produc

People found a new source of entertainment while peering through the kaleidoscope; they found the ever-changing patterns fascinating.

ken

n

시야; 지력의 범위, 이해

range of knowledge

I cannot answer your question since this matter is beyond my ken.

kernel

n

핵심, 중핵, 요점; (밀 등의)낟알

central or vital part; whole seed (as of corn)

Watson, buried within this tissue of lies there is a kernel of truth; when I find it, the mystery will be solved.

killjoy

n

흥을 깨는 사람

grouch; spoilsport

At breakfast we had all been enjoying our bacon and eggs until that killjoy John started talking about how bad animal fats and cholesterol were for our health.

kindle

v

점화하다; (감정 따위를)부채질하다, 북돋우다, 선동하다

start a fire; inspire

One of the first things Ben learned in the Boy Scouts was how to kindle a fire by rubbing two dry sticks together. Her teacher's praise for her poetry kindled a spark of hope inside Maya.

kindred

a

혈연의, 친척의; 동종의, 유사한

related; similar in nature or character

Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were two kindred spirits.

kinetic

a

운동의, 물리적 동작에 의한

producing motion

Designers of the electric automobile find that their greatest obstacle lies in the development of light and efficient storage batteries, the source of the kinetic energy needed to propel the vehicle.

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kismet

n

운명

fate

Kismet is the Arabic word for "fate."

kleptomaniac

n

절도광, 병적 도벽자

a person who has a compulsive desire to steal

They discovered that the wealthy customer was a kleptomaniac when they caught her stealing some cheap trinkets.

knave

n

악한, 무뢰한

untrustworthy person; rogue, scoundrel

Any politician nicknamed Tricky Dick clearly has the reputation of a knave.

knead

v

혼합하다; 반죽하다

mix; work dough

Her hands grew strong from kneading bread.

knell

n

애도의 종소리, 조종

tolling of a bell, especially to indicate a funeral, disaster, etc.; sound of the funeral bell

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day.

knit

v

(눈살)을 찌푸리다, (이마)에 주름살을 짓다; 이어지다, 연결되다

contract into wrinkles; grow together

Whenever David worries, his brow knits in a frown. <p>When he broke his leg, he sat around the house all day waiting for the bones to knit.

knoll

n

작고 둥근 언덕, 작은 산, 무덤

little, round hill

Robert Louis Stevenson's grave is on a knoll in Samoa; to reach the grave site, you must climb uphill and walk a short distance along a marked path.

knotty

a

얽힌, 곤란한

intricate; difficult; tangled

What to Watson had been a knotty problem to Sherlock Holmes was simplicity itself.

kudos

n

칭찬; 명성, 평판

honor; glory; praise

The singer complacently received kudos on his performance from his entourage.

labile

a

변화를 일으키기 쉬운, 불안정한

likely to change; unstable

ecause the hormonal changes they undergo affect their spirits, adolescents may become emotionally labile and experience sudden shifts of mood.

laborious

a

힘이 드는, 지루한

demanding much work or care; tedious

In putting together his dictionary of the English language, Doctor Johnson undertook a laborious task.

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labyrinth

n

미로, 미궁

maze

Tom and Becky were lost in the labyrinth of secret caves.

lacerate

v

찢다, 상처를 입히다

mangle; tear

Her body was lacerated in the automobile crash.

lachrymose

a

눈물을 질질 흘리는, (부정적 의미로) 구슬픈

producing tears

His voice has a lachrymose quality that is more appropriate at a funeral than a class reunion.

lackadaisical

a

맥빠진, 기운빠진, 나른한

affectedly languid

He was lackadaisical and indifferent about his part in the affair.

lackluster

a

빛바랜, 재미없는

dull

We were disappointed by the lackluster performance.

laconic

a

간결한, 간명한

brief and to the point

Many of the characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood are laconic types

laggard

n

게으름뱅이, 굼뱅이

slow; sluggish

The sailor taught not be laggard in carrying out orders.

lagoon

n

석호; 초호(환초에 둘러싸인 바다)

shallow body of water near a sea; lake

They enjoyed their swim in the calm lagoon.

laity

n

일반인, 일반 신도, 평신도, 속인; 문외한, 아마추어

laypersons; persons not connected with the clergy

The laity does not always understand the clergy's problems.

lambaste

v

때리다; 깎아내리다, 비난하다, 꾸짖다

beat; thrash verbally or physically

It was painful to watch the champion lambaste his opponent, tearing into him mercilessly.

lament

v

슬퍼하다, 비탄하다, 애도하다

grieve; express sorrow

Even advocates of the war lamented the loss of so many lives in combat.

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lampoon

v

풍자하다, (글이나 시로)비방하다

ridicule

This article lampoons the pretensions of some movie moguls.

lancet

n

피침, 바소; 첨두 아치

small surgical tool for making incisions

With the sharp tip of her lancet, Doctor Wheeler cut into the abscess, opening it to let it drain.

languid

a

노곤한, 맥 없는, 활기 없는

weary; sluggish; listless

Her siege of illness left her languid and pallid.

languish

v

생기를 잃다, 힘을 잃다

lose animation or strength

Left at Miss Minchin's school for girls while her father went off to war, Sarah Crewe refused to languish; instead, she hid her grief and actively befriended her less fortunate classmates.

languor

n

노곤함, 권태, 울적함, 무기력, 번민

lassitude; depression

His friends tried to overcome the languor into which he had fallen by taking him to parties and to the theater.

lank

a

여윈, 껑충한; (머리털이)곱슬하지 않은, 곧은

long and thin

Lank, gaunt, Abraham Lincoln was a striking figure.

lap

v

(개·고양이 등이)핥다, 핥아먹다; (술 등을)꿀꺽꿀꺽 마시다; (파도 등이 물가를)씻다, 찰싹거리다

take in food or drink with one's tongue; splash gently

The kitten neatly lapped up her milk. The waves softly lapped against the pier.

larceny

n

절도죄

theft

Because of the prisoner's record, the district attorney refused to reduce the charge from grand larceny to petit larceny.

larder

n

식량 저장실; 저장 식품

pantry; place where food is kept

The first thing Bill did on returning home from school was to check what snacks his mother had in the larder.

largess

n

(많은)증여, 부조; 아량, 후한 선물

generous gift

Lady Bountiful distributed largess to the poor.

lascivious

a

음란한, 호색적인, 정욕을 돋우는

lustful

Because they might arouse lascivious impulses in their readers, the lewd books were banned by the clergy.

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lassitude

n

노곤함, 권태, 피로, 마음이 내키지 않음

languor; weariness

After a massage and a long soak in the hot tub, I surrendered to my growing lassitude and lay down for a nap.

latent

a

숨어 있는, 잠재적인, 보이지 않는

potential but undeveloped; dormant; hidden

Polaroid pictures are popular at parties because you can see the latent photographic image gradually appear before your eyes.

lateral

a

옆(에서)의, 측면의

coming from the side

In order to get good plant growth, the gardener must pinch off all lateral shoots.

latitude

a

편협한 제한에서의 해방; 허용 범위, 한도

freedom from narrow limitations

I think you have permitted your son too much latitude in this matter.

laud

v

칭송하다, 찬미(찬양)하다

praise

The NFL lauded Boomer Esiason's efforts to raise money to combat cystic fibrosis.

lavish

a

아끼지 않는, 마음이 후한; 풍부한

liberal; wasteful

The actor's lavish gifts pleased her.

lax

a

조심성 없는, 단정치 못한; 모호한

careless

We dislike restaurants where the service is lax and inattentive.

leaven

v

발효시키다, 부풀게 만들다

cause to rise or grow lighter; enliven

As bread dough is leavened, it puffs up, expanding in volume.

lechery

n

호색, 색욕

gross lewdness; lustfulness

In his youth he led a life of lechery and debauchery; he did not mend his ways until middle age.

lectern

n

성서대, 연단

reading desk

The chaplain delivered his sermon from a hastily improvised lectern.

leery

a

의심 많은; 교활한, 빈틈없는

suspicious; cautious

Don't eat the sushi at this restaurant; I'm a bit leery about how fresh it is.

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leeway

n

(시간·장소·돈 따위의) 여유; 활동의 여지

room to move; margin

When you set a deadline, allow a little leeway.

legacy

n

유산, 유물

a gift made by a will

Part of my legacy from my parents is an album of family photographs.

legend

n

(삽화·지도 따위의)표제, 해설; 기호

explanatory list of symbols on a map

The legend at the bottom of the map made it clear which symbols stood for rest areas along the highway and which stood for public camp sites. (secondary meaning)

legerdemain

n

속임수, 술책; 교묘한 솜씨

sleight of hand

The magician demonstrated his renowned legerdemain.

leniency

n

인자함, 관대함; 연민, 자비

mildness; permissiveness

Considering the gravity of the offense, we were surprised by the leniency of the sentence.

leonine

a

사자의; 사자 같은; 용맹스러운, 당당한

like a lion

He was leonine in his rage.

lethal

a

치사의, 치명적인

deadly

It is unwise to leave lethal weapons where children may find them.

lethargic

a

혼수 (상태)의, 졸리는; 노곤한; 둔감한, 무기력한

drowsy; dull

The stuffy room made her lethargic

levee

v

제방(둑)을 쌓다

earthen or stone embankment to prevent flooding

As the river rose and threatened to overflow the levee, emergency workers rushed to reinforce the walls with sandbags.

levitate

v

(강령술 따위에서)공중으로 뜨다(떠오르다)

float in the air (especially by magical means)

As the magician passed his hands over the recumbent body of his assistant, she appeared to rise and levitate about three feet above the table.

levity

n

부박, 촐싹거림, 경박함, 변덕

lack of seriousness or steadiness; frivolity

Stop giggling and wriggling around in the pew

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levy

v

(세금 따위)를 부과하다; …을 강탈하다, 거두다

impose (a fine); collect (a payment)

Crying "No taxation without representation!," the colonists demonstrated against England's power to levy taxes.

lewd

a

음탕한; 상스러운, 비열한

lustful

They found his lewd stories objectionable.

lexicographer

n

사전 편집자, 사전 편찬자

compiler of a dictionary

The new dictionary is the work of many lexicographers who spent years compiling and editing the work.

lexicon

n

사전; 어휘(집), 전문어(술어)집

dictionary

I cannot find this word in any lexicon in the library.

liability

n

부담, 의무; 부채, 채무, 빚; 경향

drawback; debts

Her lack of an extensive vocabulary was a liability that she was able to overcome.

liaison

n

두 군대의 중재자로 일하는 연락원; (일반적으로)연락

contact that keeps parties in communication; go-between; secret love affair

As the liaison between the American and British forces during World War II, the colonel had to ease tensions between the leaders of the two armies. Romeo's romantic liaison with Juliet ended in tragedy.

libel

n

중상하는 글; 모욕(불명예)이 되는 것, 모욕

defamatory statement; act of writing something that smears a person's character

If Batman wrote that the Joker was a dirty, rotten, mass-murdering criminal, could the Joker sue Batman for libel?

libertine

n

방탕자, 난봉꾼

debauched person, roue

Although she was aware of his reputation as a libertine, she felt she could reform him and help him break his dissolute way of life.

libidinous

a

호색의, 선정적인, 육욕적인

lustful

They objected to his libidinous behavior.

libido

n

리비도(사람의 모든 행위의 숨은 동기를 이루는 근원적인 욕망), 애욕, 성적 충동

emotional urges behind human activity

The psychiatrist maintained that suppression of the libido often resulted in maladjustment and neuroses.

libretto

n

가극의 가사(대본)

text of an opera

The composer of an opera's music is remembered more frequently than the author of its libretto.

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licentious

a

방탕(음란)한, 방종한, 제멋대로 노는

amoral; lewd and lascivious; unrestrained

Unscrupulously seducing the daughter of his host, Don Juan felt no qualms about the immorality of his licentious behavior.

lien

n

선취특권(先取特權), 유치권; 담보권

legal claim on a property

There was a delay before Ralph could take possession of his late uncle's home; apparently, another claimant had a lien upon the estate.

ligneous

a

나무 같은, 목질의

like wood

Petrified wood may be ligneous in appearance, but it is stonelike in composition.

lilliputian

a

소인국의; 매우 작은

extremely small

Tiny and delicate, the model was built on a lilliputian scale.

limber

a

휘기 쉬운; 나긋나긋한, 유연한

flexible

Hours of ballet classes kept him limber.

limbo

n

지옥의 변방; 유치장, 교도소

region near heaven or hell where certain souls are kept; a prison (slang)

Among the divisions of Hell are Purgatory and Limbo.

limn

v

그리다; 묘사하다

draw; outline; describe

Paradoxically, the more realistic the details this artist chooses, the better able she is to limn her fantastic, other-worldly landscapes.

limpid

a

깨끗한, 맑은, 투명(명쾌)한

clear

A limpid stream ran through his property.

lineage

n

혈통, 가계, 집단; (집합적)자손

descent; ancestry

He traced his lineage back to Mayflower days.

lineaments

n

얼굴 생김새, 인상, 윤곽; 특징, 특수한 양상

features, especially of the face

She quickly sketched the lineaments of his face.

linger

v

하는 일 없이 보내다, 꾸물거리다; 질질 끌다, 좀처럼 사라(버려)지지 않다

loiter or dawdle; continue or persist

Hoping to see Juliet pass by, Romeo lingered outside the Capulet house for hours. Though Mother made stuffed cabbage on Monday, the smell lingered around the house for days.

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linguistic

a

말의, 언어의

pertaining to language

The modern tourist will encounter very little linguistic difficulty as English had become an almost universal language.

lionize

v

(남)을 추어올리다, 명사 취급을 하다; (명소)를 안내하다

treat as a celebrity

She enjoyed being lionized and adored by the public.

liquidate

v

청산하다, 일소하다, (빚을)갚다, 해치우다

settle accounts; clear up

He was able to liquidate all his debts in a short period of time.

list

v

(배 따위가)기울다

tilt; lean over

That flagpole should be absolutely vertical; instead, it lists to one side. (secondary meaning)

listless

a

노곤한, 귀찮은; 마음 내키지 않는; 무관심한

lacking in spirit or energy

We had expected her to be full of enthusiasm and were surprised by her listless attitude.

litany

n

기원, 연도(連禱)

supplicatory prayer

On this solemn day, the congregation responded to the prayers of the priest during the litany with fervor and intensity.

lithe

a

나근나근한, 유연한

flexible; supple

Her figure was lithe and willowy.

litigation

n

소송, 기소

lawsuit

Try to settle this amicably; I do not want to star litigation.

litotes

n

곡언법(반의어의 부정으로 강한 긍정 나타냄)

understatement for emphasis

To say, "He little realizes," when we mean that he does not realize at all, is an example of the kind of understatement we call litotes.

livid

a

납빛의; 검푸른; 격노한

lead-colored; black and blue; enraged

His face was so livid with rage that we were afraid that he might have an attack of apoplexy.

loath

a

싫어하여; 지긋지긋하여

averse; reluctant

They were both loath for him to go.

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loathe

v

몹시 싫어하다

detest

We loathed the wicked villain.

lode

n

광맥

metal-bearing vein

If this lode which we have discovered extends for any distance, we have found a fortune.

lofty

a

매우 높은

very high

They used to tease him about his lofty ambitions.

log

n

항해(항공) 일지; 여행 일기

record of a voyage or flight; record of day-to-day activities

Flogged two seamen today for insubordination, wrote Captain Bligh in the Bounty's log. To see how much work I've accomplished recently, just take a look at the number of new files listed on my computer log.

loiter

v

빈둥거리다; 꾸물거리다

hand around; linger

The policeman told him not to loiter in the alley.

loll

v

축 늘어져 기대다

lounge about

They lolled around in their chairs watching television.

longevity

n

장수

long life

The old man was proud of his longevity.

loom

v

(사물이)매우 중대하게(확대되어) 보이다; (위험·근심 등이)불안하게 다가오다; 어렴풋이 나타나다

appear or take shape (usually in an enlarged or distorted form)

The shadow of the gallows loomed threateningly above the small boy.

lope

v

천천히 달리다(구보하다), 도약하다

gallop slowly

As the horses loped along, we had an opportunity to admire the ever-changing scenery.

loquacious

n

수다스러움

talkative

She is very lonquacious and can speak on the telephone for hours.

lout

n

버릇없는 사람, 시골뜨기; 얼간이

clumsy person

The delivery boy is an awkward lout.

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low

v

(소가)음매하고 울다

moo

From the hilltop, they could see the herd like ants in the distance; they could barely hear the cattle low.

lubricity

n

매끄러움; 애매함

slipperiness; evasiveness

He exasperated the reporters by his lubricity; they could not pin him down to a definite answer.

lucid

a

번쩍이는; 명쾌한

bright; easily understood

His explanation was lucid and to the point.

lucrative

a

유리한, 이윤이 나는

profitable

He turned him hobby into a lucrative profession.

lucre

n

돈

money

Prefering lucre to fame, he wrote stories of popular appeal.

ludicrous

a

우스꽝스러운; 어이없는

laughable; trifling

Let us be serious; this is not a ludicrous issue.

lugubrious

a

애처로운

mournful

The lugubrious howling of the dogs added to our sadness.

lull

n

일시적인 고요

moment of calm

Not wanting to get wet, they waited under the awning for a lull in the rain.

lumber

v

무겁게 이동하다

move heavily or clumsily

Still somewhat torpid after its long hibernation, the bear lumbered through the woods.

luminous

a

빛나는; 밝은

shining; issuing light

The sun is a luminous body.

lunar

a

달의

pertaining to the moon

Lunar craters can be plainly seen with the aid of a small telescope.

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lupine

a

이리같은

like a wolf

She was terrified of his fierce, lupine smile.

lurid

a

거친; <빛깔이>야한

wild; sensational

The lurid stories he told shocked his listeners.

luscious

a

달콤한

pleasing to taste or smell

The ripe peach was luscious.

luster

n

광택; 윤

shine; gloss

The soft luster of the silk in the dim light was pleasing.

lustrous

a

번적번적하는

shining

Her large and lustrous eyes gave a touch of beauty to an otherwise drab face.

luxuriant

a

기름진; 무성한; 화려한

fertile; abundant; ornate

Farming was easy in this luxuriant soil.

macabre

a

무시무시한; 소름끼치는

gruesome; grisly

The city morgue is a macabre spot for the uninitiated.

mace

n

곤봉 모양의 권표, 직장; 철퇴

ceremonial staff; clublike medieval weapon

The Grand Marshal of the parade raised his mace to signal that it was time for the procession to begin.

macerate

v

액체에 적시다; 쇠약케하다

soak, wet; waste away

Cancer macerated his body.

machiavellian

a

권모술수의

carfty; double-dealing

I do not think he will be a good ambassador because he is not accustomed to the machiavellian maneuverings of foreign diplomats.

machinations

n

음모

schemes

I can see through your wily machinations.

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madrigal

n

짧은 연가

pastoral song

His program of folk songs included several madrigals which he sang to the accompaniment of a lute.

maelstrom

n

큰 소용돌이

whirlpool

The canoe was tossed about in the maeistrom.

magnanimous

a

관대한

generous

The philanthropist was most magnanimous.

magnate

n

거물

person of prominence or influence

The steel stories of the trial, the reporters ridiculed the magniloquent speeches of the defense attorney.

magniloquent

a

과장하는; 호언장담하는

boastful; pompous

In their stories of the trial, the reporters ridiculed the magniloquent speeches of the defense attorney.

magnitude

n

크기; 넓이

greatness; extent

It is difficult to comprehend the magnitude of his crime.

maim

v

불구로 만들다; 쓸모없게하다

mutilate; injure

The hospital could not take care of all who had been wounded or maimed in the railroad accident.

maladroit

a

서투룬; 솜씨없는

clumsy; bungling

In his usual maladroit way, he managed to upset the cart and spill the food.

malaise

n

침체, 불쾌

uneasiness; distress

She felt a sudden vague malaise when she heard sounds at the door.

malapropism

n

우습게 잘못 쓰인 말

comic misuse of a word

When Mrs. Malaprop criticizes Lydia for being "as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile," she confuses "allegory" and "alligator" in a typical malapropism.

malcontent

a

<권력, 체제 등에 대한>반항자

person dissatisfied with existing state of affairs

He was one of the few malcontents in Congress; he constantly voiced his objections to the Presidential program.

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malediction

n

저주

curse

The witch uttered maledictions against her captors.

malefactor

n

범인

criminal

We must try to bring these malefactors to justice.

malevolent

a

악의있는

wishing evil

We must thwart his malevolent schemes.

malicious

a

실술궂은

dictated by hatred or spite

The malicious neighbor spread the gossip.

malign

v

헐뜯다; 중상하다

speak evil of; defame

Because of her hatred of the family, she maligns all who are friendly to them.

malignant

a

악의가 있는; 유독성의

having an evil influence; virulent

This is a malignant disease; we may have to use drastic measures to stop its spread.

malingerer

n

꾀병 부리는 사람

one who feigns illness to escape duty

The captain ordered the sergeant to punish all malingerers.

mall

n

나무 그늘이 진 산책길

public walk

The Mall in Central Park has always been a favorite spot for Sunday strollers.

malleable

a

두들겨 펼 수 있는

capable of being shaped by pounding

Gold is a malleable metal.

malodorous

a

고약한 냄새가 나는

foul-smelling

The compost heap was most malodorous in summer.

mammal

n

포유동물

a vertebrate animal whose female suckles its young

Many people regard the whale as a fish and do not realize that it is a mammal.

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mammoth

a

거대한

gigantic

The mammoth corportations of the twentieth century are a mixed blessing.

manacle

v

속박하다; 수갑을 채우다

restrain; handcuff

The police immediately manacled the prisoner so he could not escape.

mandate

n

지시; 위임

order; charge

In his inaugural address, the President stated that he had a mandate from the people to seek an end to social evils such as poverty, poor housing, etc.

mandatory

a

위임의

obligatory

These instructions are mandatory; any violation will be severly punished.

mangy

a

초라한; 비참한

shabby; wrethced

We finally threw out the mangy rug that the dog had destroyed.

maniacal

a

광적인

raving mad

His maniacal laughter frightened us.

manifest

a

명백한; 분명한

understandable; clear

His evil intentions were manifest and yet we could not stop him.

manifestation

n

명시, 표명, 현시; (정당 따위)의 정견 발표, 태도 표명

outward demonstration; indication

Mozart's early attraction to the harpsichord was the first manifestation of his pronounced musical bent.

manifesto

n

선언, 성명, 포고

declaration; statement of policy

The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels proclaimed the principles of modern communism.

manifold

a

다수의, 가지가지의, 다방면의

numerous; varied

I cannot begin to tell you how much I appreciate your manifold kindnesses.

manipulate

v

조종하다, 조작하다, 교묘히 다루다, 처리하다

operate with one's hands; control or play upon (people, forces, etc.) artfully

Jim Henson understood how to manipulate the Muppets. Madonna understands how to manipulate publicity (and men).

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mannered

a

개성있는, 버릇이 있는; 틀에 박힌

affected; not natural

Attempting to copy the style of his wealthy neighbors, Gatsby adopted a mannered, artificial way of speech.

manumit

v

(노예·농노를)해방하다

emancipate; free from bondage

Enlightened slave owners were willing to manumit their slaves and thus put an end to the evil of slavery in the country.

marital

a

결혼의, 부부의

pertaining to marriage

After the publication of his book on marital affairs, he was often consulted by married people on the verge of divorce.

maritime

a

바다의, 해상의; 연해의

bordering on the sea; nautical

The Maritime Provinces depend on the sea for their wealth.

marked

a

현저한, 저명한, 두드러진; 표적(기호)이 있는

noticeable; targeted for vengeance

He walked with a marked limp, a souvenir of an old IRA attack. As British ambassador, he knew he was a marked man.

marred

a

손상된, 망친

damaged; disfigured

She had to refinish the marred surface of the table.

marshal

v

순서대로 정리하다, 배열하다, 정렬시키다; …을 안내하다, 선도하다

put in order

At a debate tournament, extemporaneous speakers have only a minute or two to marshal their thoughts before addressing their audience.

marsupial

n

유대(有袋) 동물

one of a family of mammals that nurse their offspring in a pouch

The most common marsupial in North America is the opossum.

martial

a

전쟁의; 호전적인, 군인다운, 군사의

warlike

The sound of martial music inspired the young cadet with dreams of military glory.

martinet

n

(훈련이)엄한 사람, 규율가

person who requires and enforces strict discipline

No talking at meals! No mingling with the servants! Miss Minchin was a martinet who insisted that the schoolgirls in her charge observe each regulation to the letter.

martyr

n

순교자, 희생자; (병 등으로) 늘 고통받는 사람

one who voluntarily suffers death for his or her religion or cause; great sufferer

By burning her at the stake, the English made Joan of Arc a martyr for her faith. Mother played the martyr by staying home to clean the house while the rest of the family went off to the beach.

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masochist

n

피학성 변태 성욕자

person who enjoys his own pain

The masochist begs, "Hit me." The sadist smiles and says, "I won't."

masticate

v

씹다, 씹어서 잘게 하다

chew

We must masticate our food carefully and slowly in order to avoid digestive disorders.

materialism

n

유물론, 유물주의; 물질주의, 실리주의

preoccupation with physical comforts and things

By its nature, materialism is opposed to idealism, for where the materialist emphasizes the needs of the body, the idealist emphasizes the needs of the soul.

maternal

a

어머니(로서)의, 어머니다운; 외가의

motherly

Many animals display maternal instincts only while their offspring are your and helpless.

matriarch

n

여가장, 여족장; 위엄있는 노부인

woman who rules a family or larger social group

The matriarch ruled her gypsy tribe with a firm hand.

matriculate

v

입학하다; 대학 입학을 허가하다, 대학에 입학시키다

enroll (in college or graduate school)

Incoming students formally matriculate at our college in a special ceremony during which they sign the official register of students.

matrix

n

모체, 발생지; (수학·물리)매트릭스, 행렬; 주형; 자궁; 모암

point of origin; array of numbers or algebraic symbols; mold or die

Some historians claim the Nile Valley was the matrix of Western civilization.

maudlin

a

눈물이 헤픈, 감상적인, 잘 우는

effusively sentimental

Whenever a particularly maudlin tearjerker was playing at the movies, Marvin would embarrass himself by weeping copiously.

maul

v

난폭하게 (거칠게) 다루다; 혹평하다

handle roughly

he rock star was mauled by his overexcited fans.

mausoleum

n

큰 무덤, 능

monumental tomb

His body was placed in the family mausoleum.

mauve

n

연한 자줏빛(의)

pale purple

The mauve tint in the lilac bush was another indication that spring had finally arrived.

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maverick

n

낙인 찍히지 않은 송아지; 독자적인 노선을 걷는 사람

an unbranded animal; rebel, nonconformist

To the masculine literary establishment, George Sand with her insistence on wearing trousers and smoking cigars was clearly a maverick who fought her proper womanly role.

mawkish

a

병적인, 역겨운

sickening; insipid

Your mawkish sighs fill me with disgust.

maxim

n

격언

proverb; a truth pithily stated

His body was placed in the family mausoleum.

mayhem

n

신체 상해; 고의의 상해

injury to body

The riot was marked not only by mayhem, with its attendant loss of life and limb, but also by arson and pillage.

meager

a

적은 양의; 하잘 것 없는

scanty, inadequate

His salary was far too meager for him to afford to buy a new car.

mealy-mouthed

a

말만 부드러운, 가식적인, 속임수를 부리는

indirect in speech; hypocritical; evasive

Rather than tell Jill directly what he disliked, Jack made a few mealymouthed comments and tried to change the subject.

meander

v

구불구불한 모습을 나타내다 (혹은 그런 식으로 움직이다)

to wind or turn in its course

It is difficult to sail up this stream because of the way it meanders through the countryside.

meddlesome

a

참견하기 좋아하는

interfering

He felt his marriage was suffering because of his meddlesome mother-in-law.

mediate

v

중재하다

settle a dispute through the services of an outsider

Let us mediate our differences rahter than engage in a costly strike.

mediocre

a

평범한, 그저그런

ordinary, commonplace

We were disappointed because he gave a rather mediocre performance in this role.

meditation

a

명상, 상념

reflection; thought

She reached her decision only after much meditation.

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medley

n

혼합, 혼성

mixture

The band played a medley of Gershwin tunes.

meek

a

유순한, 온순한

submissive; patient and long-suffering

Mr. Barrett never expected his meek daughter would dare to defy him by eloping with her suitor.

megalomania

n

과대망상증

mania for doing grandiose things.

Developers who spend millions trying to build the world's tallest skyscraper suffer from megalomania.

melee

n

난투, 싸움

fight

The captain ftried to ascertain the cause of the melee that had broken out among the crew members.

mellifluous

a

감미로운, 듣기 좋은; 달변의

flowing smoothly; smooth

Italian is a mellifluous language.

memento

n

표시, 상징, 기념물

token; reminder

Take this book as memento of your visit.

memorialize

v

기념하다, 기리다

commemorate

Let us memorialize his great contribution by dedicating this library in his honor.

mendacious

a

거짓말을 하는, 진실되지 못한

lying; false

He was a pathological liar, and his friends learned to discount his mendacious stories.

mendicant

n

거지; 궁핍한, 구걸을 해야 하는

beggar; poor, penniless

From the moment we left the ship, we were surrounded by mendicants and peddlers.

menial

a

비천한, 저급한

suitable for servants; low

I cannot understand why a person of your ability and talent should engage in such menial activities.

mentor

n

은사, 스승

counselor; teacher

During this very trying period, she could not have had a better mentor, for the teacher was sympathetic and understanding.

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mercantile

a

상업의, 무역의

concerning trade

I am more interested in the opportunities available in the mercantile field than I am in those in the legal profession.

minion

n

꼭두각시; 심복, 앞잡이

a servile dependent

e was always accompanied by several of his minions because he enjoyed their subservience and flattery.

minuscule

a

미세한

extremely small

Why should I involve myself with a project with so minuscule a chance for success?

minute

a

미세한

extremely small

The twins resembled one another closely; only minute differences set them apart.

minutiae

n

상세

petty details

She would have liked to ignore the minutiae of daily living.

mirage

n

신기루; 망상

unreal reflection; optical illusion

The lost prospector was fooled by a mirage in the desert.

mire

v

진흙으로 더럽히다; 진창에 빠뜨리다

entangle; stick in swampy ground

Their rear wheels became mired in mud.

mirth

n

환희; 희희낙락

merriment; laughter

Sober Malvolio found Sir Toby's mirth improper.

misadventure

n

불운; 재난

mischance; ill luck

The young explorer met death by misadventure.

misanthrope

n

염세가

one who hates mankind

We thought the hermit was a misanthrope because he shunned our society.

misapprehension

n

오해; 잘못 생각하기

error; misunderstanding

To avoid misapprehension, I am going to ask all of you to repeat the instructions I have given.

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miscegenation

n

이종족 혼교

intermarriage between races

Some states passed laws against miscegenation.

miscellany

n

문집

mixture of writings on various subjects

This is an interesting miscellany of nineteenth-century prose and poetry.

mischance

n

불운

ill luck

By mischance, he lost his week's salary.

misconstrue

v

잘못해석하다; 오해하다

interpret incorrectly; misjudge

She took the passage serously rather than humorously because she misconstrued the author's ironic tone.

miscreant

n

악한; 이단자

wretch; villain

His kindness to the miscreant amazed all of us who had expected to hear severe punishment pronounced.

misdemeanor

n

경범죄

minor crime

The culprit pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor rather than face trial for a felony.

miserly

a

인색한; 욕심많은

stingy; mean

The miserly old man hoarded his coins not out of prudence but out of greed.

misgivings

n

의심

doubts

Hamlet described his misgivings to Horatio but decided to fence with Laertes despite his foreboding of evil.

mishap

n

<가벼운>사고

accident

With a little care you could have avoided this mishap.

misnomer

n

틀린 명칭; 오칭

wrong name; incorrect designation

his tyrannical conduct proved to all that his nickname, King Eric the Just, was a misnomer.

misogamy

n

결혼을 싫어함

hatred of marriage

He remained a bachelor not because of misogamy but because of ill fat

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misogynist

n

여자를 싫어하는 사람

hater of women

She accused him of being a misogynist because he had been a bachelor all his life.

misogynist

n

결혼혐오자

haterof women

She accused him of being a misogynist because he had been a bachelor all his life.

missile

n

미사일

object to be thrown or projected

Scientists are experimenting with guided missiles.

missive

n

편지

letter

The ambassador received a missive from the Secretary of State.

mite

n

진드기; 잔돈

very small object or creature; small coin

Gnats are annoying mites that sting.

mitigate

v

완화하다

appease

Nothing he did could mitigate her wrath; she was unforgiving.

mnemonic

a

기억의

pertaining to memory

he used mnemonic tricks to master mew words.

mobile

a

이동할 수 있는; 가동성의

movable; not fixed

The mobile blood bank operated by the Red Cross visited our neighborhood today.

mode

n

방식

prevailing style

She was not used to their lavish mode of living.

modicum

a

약간

limited quantity

His story is based on a modicum of truth.

modish

a

유행을 따르는

fashionable

She always discarded all garments which were no longer modish.

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modulation

n

조음; 변조

toning down; changing from one key to another

When she spoke, it was with quiet modulation of voice.

mogul

n

거물

powerful person

The oil moguls made great profits when the price of gasoline rose.

moiety

n

반; 일부분

half; part

There is a slight moiety of the savage in her personality which is not easily perceived by those who do not know her well.

molecule

n

분자

the smallest part of a homogeneous substance

In chemistry, we study how atoms and molecules react to form new substances.

mollify

v

완화시키다

soothe

We tried to mollify the hysterical child by promising her many gifts.

mollycoddle

v

응석받다; 지나치게 귀여워하다

pamper; indulge excessively

Don't mollycoddle the boy, Maud! You'll spoil him.

molt

v

털을 갈다

shed or cast off hair or feathers

The male robin molted in the spring.

molten

a

녹은

melted

The city of Pompeii ws destroyed by volcanic ash rather than by molten lava flowing from Mount Vesuvius.

momentous

a

중대한

very important

On this momentous occasion, we must be very solemn.

momentum

n

운동량; 힘

quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus

The car lost momentum as it tried to ascend the steep hill.

monarchy

n

군주정치

government under a single ruler

England today remains a monarchy.

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monastic

a

수도사의

related to monks

Wanting to live a religiuos life, he took his monastic vows.

monetary

a

금전상의

pertaining to money

She was in complete charge of all monetary matters affecting the household.

monolithic

a

단일체의; 단단한

solidly uniform; unyielding

The patriots sought to present a monolithic front.

monotheism

n

일신교

belief in one God

Abraham was the first to proclaim his belief in monotheism.

monotony

n

단조로움

sameness leading to boredom

He took a clerical job, but soon grew to hate the monotony of his daily routine.

monumental

a

엄청난

massive

Writing a dictionary is a monumental task.

moodiness

n

변덕스러움

fits of depression or gloom

We could not discover the cause of her recurrent moodiness.

moor

n

황무지

marshy wasteland

These moors can only be used for hunting ; they are too barren for agriculture.

moot

a

토론의 여지가 있는

debatable

Our tariff policy is a moot subject.

moratorium

n

지불 연기

legal delay of payment

If we declare a moratorium and delay colletion of debts for six months, I am sure the farmers will be able to meet their bils.

morbid

a

병적인; 음울한

given to unwholesome thought; gloomy

These morbid speculations are dangerous; we must lighten our spirits by emphasizing more pleasant matters.

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mordant

a

날카로운; 비꼬는; 신랄한

biting; sarcastic; stinging

Actors feared the critic's mordant pen.

mores

n

사회적 관습

customs

The mores of Mexico are those of Spain with some modifications.

morganatic

n

귀천 상혼

describing a marriage between a member of a royal family and a commoner in which it is agre

Refusing the suggestion of a morganatic marriage, the king abdicated from the throne when he could not marry the woman he loved.

moribund

a

다 죽어가는; 소멸해 가는

dying

Hearst took a moribund, failing weekly newspaper and transformed it into one of the liveliest, most profitable daily papers around.

morose

a

시무룩한, 침울한

ill-humored; sullen; melancholy

Forced to take early retirement, Bill acted morose for months; then, all of a sudden, he shook off his gloom and was his usual cheerful self.

mortician

n

장의사

undertaker

The mortician prepared the corpse for burial.

mortify

v

굴욕을 느끼게 하다, 마음을 아프게 하다; 억제하다

humiliate; punish the flesh

She was so mortified by her blunder that she ran to her room in tears.

mosaic

n

모자이크 그림(무늬), 모자이크 작품

picture made of small, colorful inlaid tiles

The mayor compared the city to a beautiful mosaic made up of people of every race and religion on earth.

mote

n

티끌; 아주 작은 모임

small speck

The tiniest mote in the eye is very painful.

motif

n

(문학·예술 작품의)주제, 테마

theme

This simple motif runs throughout the score.

motility

n

(생물)운동성, 자동성

ability to move spontaneously

Certain organisms exhibit remarkable motility; motile spores, for example, may travel for miles before coming to rest.

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motley

a

잡색의, 얼룩덜룩한, 혼성의

multicolored; mixed

The jester wore a motley tunic, red and green and blue and gold all patched together haphazardly. Captain Ahab had gathered a motley crew to sail the vessel

mottled

a

잡색의, 얼룩덜룩한

blotched in coloring; spotted

When old Falstaff blushed, his face became mottled, all pink and purple and red.

mountebank

n

엉터리 약장수, 돌팔이 의사

charlatan; boastful pretender

The patent medicine man was a mountebank.

muddle

v

혼란시키다, 뒤죽박죽을 만들다; 낭비하다

confuse; mix up

Her thoughts were muddled and chaotic.

muggy

a

찌는 듯이 더운, 무더운, 후덥지근한

warm and damp

August in New York City is often muggy.

mulct

v

빼앗다, 사취하다; 과료(벌금)에 처하다

defraud a person of something

The lawyer was accused of trying to mulct the boy of his legacy.

multifarious

a

여러 종류의, 다양한; 여러 부분으로 된

varied; greatly diversified

A career woman and mother, she was constantly busy with the multifarious activities of her daily life.

multiform

a

여러가지 모양의, 다양한

having many forms

Snowflakes are multiform but always hexagonal.

multilingual

a

여러 나라 말을 하는, 다수 언어에 의한

having many languages

Because they are bordered by so many countries, the Swiss people are multilingual.

multiplicity

n

다수, 다양성, 가지각색

state of being numerous

She was appalled by the multiplicity of details she had to complete before setting out on her mission.

mundane

a

현세의, 세속적인

worldly as opposed to spiritual; everyday

Uninterested in philosophical or spiritual discussions, Tom talked only of mundane matters such as the daily weather forecast or the latest basketball results.

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munificent

a

아낌 없이 주는, 선심 잘 쓰는, 손이 큰, 푸짐한

very generous

Shamelessly fawning over a particularly generous donor, the dean kept referring to her as "our munificent benefactor."

mural

n

벽화, 벽장식

wall painting

The walls of the Chicano Community Center are covered with murals painted in the style of Diego Rivera, the great Mexican artist.

murky

a

어두운, 음울한; (어둠·안개가)짙은; 말 못할 비밀이 있는, 창피스러운

dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague

The murky depths of the swamp were so dark that you couldn't tell the vines and branches from the snakes.

muse

v

심사숙고하다, 묵상에 잠기다

ponder

For a moment he mused about the beauty of the scene, but his thoughts soon changed as he recalled his own personal problems.

musky

a

사향(질)의, 사향 향기가 나는

having the odor of musk

She left a trace of musky perfume behind her.

muster

v

집합하다, 모이다

gather; assemble

Washington mustered his forces at Trenton.

musty

a

곰팡내 나는, 곰팡이가 핀; 진부한

stale; spoiled by age

The attic was dark and musty.

mutability

n

변하기 쉬움, 무상; 변덕

ability to change in form; fickleness

Going from rags to riches, and then back to rags again, the bankrupt financier was a victim of the mutability of fortune.

muted

a

말을 하지 않는, 가만히 있는

silent; muffled; toned down

Thanks to the thick, sound-absorbing walls of the cathedral, only muted traffic noise reached the worshippers within.

mutilate

v

(손·발 따위를)절단하다, (몸을)불구로 만들다

maim

The torturer threatened to mutilate his victim.

mutinous

a

반항적인, 불온한

unruly; rebellious

The captain had to use force to quiet his mutinous crew.

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myopic

a

근시의

nearsighted; lacking foresight

Stumbling into doors despite the coke-bottle lenses on his glasses, the nearsighted Mr. Magoo is markedly myopic. In playing all summer long and failing to store up food for winter, the grasshopper in Aesop's fable was myopic as well.

myriad

n

1 만; 무수(한 사람·물건)

very large number

Myriads of mosquitoes from the swamps invaded our village every twilight.

nadir

n

천저; 구렁텅이, 최하점

lowest point

Although few people realized it, the Dow-Jones averages had reached their nadir and would soon begin an upward surge.

naivete

n

천진난만, 순진, 소박

quality of being unsophisticated; simplicity; artlessness; gullibility

Touched by the naivete of sweet, convent-trained Cosette, Marius pledges himself to protect her innocence.

narcissist

n

자기 도취자

conceited person

A narcissist is his own best friend.

narrative

a

설화의, 화술의; 이야기체(식)의

related to telling a story

A born teller of tales, Olsen used her impressive narrative skills to advantage in her story "I Stand Here Ironing."

nascent

a

초기의, 발생기의, 미성숙의

incipient; coming into being

f we could identify these revolutionary movements in their nascent state, we would be able to eliminate serious trouble in later years.

natation

n

수영(술)

swimming

The Red Cross emphasizes the need for courses in natation.

natty

a

(복장·외관 따위가)산뜻한, 말쑥한, 멋진; 정교한

neatly or smartly dressed

Priding himself on being a natty dresser, the gangster Bugsy Siegel collected a wardrobe of imported suits and ties.

nauseate

v

욕지기 나게 하다, 몹시 불쾌감을 주다

cause to become sick; fill with disgust

The foul smells began to nauseate her.

nautical

a

항해의; 해상의; 선박의; 선원의

pertaining to ships or navigation

The Maritime Museum contains many models of clipper ships, logbooks, anchors and many other items of a nautical nature.

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navigable

a

(하천·바다 등이)항행할 수 있는; (기구 등이)조종할 수 있는

wide and deep enough to allow ships to pass through; able to be steered

So much sand had built up at the bottom of the canal that the waterway was barely navigable.

nebulous

a

흐린, 막연한

vague; hazy; cloudy

Phil and Dave tried to come up with a clear, intelligible business plan, not some hazy, nebulous proposal.

necromancy

n

(죽은 사람과의 영혼의 교감으로 미래를 점치는)점, 흑마술, 마법

black magic; dealings with the dead

The evil sorcerer performed feats of necromancy, calling on the spirits of the dead to tell the future.

nefarious

a

흉악한, 못된, 괘씸한

very wicked

The villain's crimes, though various, were one and all nefarious.

negate

v

취소하다, 무효로 하다, 부정하다, 부인하다

cancel out; nullify; deny

A sudden surge of adrenaline can negate the effects of fatigue

negligence

n

무관심, 소홀함; 태만

neglect; failure to take reasonable care

Tommy failed to put back the cover on the well after he fetched his pail of water; because of his negligence, Kitty fell in.

negligible

a

하찮은, 대수롭지 않은, 무시해도 좋은

so small trifling, or unimportant as to be easily disregarded

Because the damage to his car had been negligible, Michael decided he wouldn't bother to report the matter to his insurance company.

nemesis

n

천벌, 인과 응보; (N~)복수의 여신

someone seeking revenge

Abandoned at sea in a small boat, the vengeful Captain Bligh vowed to be the nemesis of Fletcher Christian and his fellow mutineers.

neologism

n

신어구, 신어 사용; (신학상의)합리주의

new or newly coined word or phrase

As we invent new techniques and professions, we must also invent neologisms such as "microcomputer" and "astronaut" to describe them.

neophyte

n

신개종자; 초심자, 신참자

recent convert; beginner

This mountain slope contains slides that will challenge experts as well as neophytes.

nepotism

n

친척 등용, 족벌주의

favoritism(to a relative)

John left his position with the company because he felt that advancement was based on nepotism rather than ability.

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nether

a

아래의; 지하에 있는; 지옥의

lower

Tradition locates hell in the nether regions.

nettle

v

초조하게 하다, 화나게 하다; 찌르다

annoy; vex

Do not let her nettle you with her sarcastic remarks.

nexus

n

연결, 유대, 관계

connection

I fail to see the nexus that binds these two widely separated events.

nib

n

펜촉, 깃펜; 부리

beak; pen point

The nibs of fountain pens often become clotted and corroded.

nicety

n

정확함, 정밀함; 미묘; 우아한 것

precision; minute distinction

I cannot distinguish between such niceties of reasoning.(secondary meaning)

niggardly

a

인색한, 쩨쩨한

meanly stingy; parsimonious

The niggardly pittance the widow receives from the government cannot keep her from poverty.

niggle

v

시시한 일에 시간을 낭비하다, 하찮은 일에 공을 들이다; 흠잡다, 탈잡다

spend too much time on minor points; carp

Let's not niggle over details.

nihilist

n

니힐리스트(기성 도덕·법률·제도에 대한 전면적 부정), 허무주의자

one who considers traditional beliefs to be groundless and existence meaningless; absolute sk

estroy Germany itself, in order that his will might prevail. The root of the word nihilist is nihil, Latin for "nothing."

nip

v

좌절시키다, 기세를 꺾다; 꼬집다, 집다, 물다; (바람·서리 등이)시들게 하다, 얼게 하다

stop something's growth or development; snip off; bite; make numb with cold

The twins were plotting mischief, but Mother intervened and nipped their plan in the bud. The gardener nipped off a lovely rose and gave it to me. Last week a guard dog nipped the postman in the leg; this week the extreme chill nipped his fingers till he

nirvana

n

(불교)열반, 초탈

In Buddhist teachings, the ideal state in which the individual loses himself in the attainment of a

Despite his desire to achieve nirvana, the young Buddhist found that even the buzzing of a fly could distract him from his meditation.

nocturnal

a

밤의; 밤에 활동하는, 야행성의

done at night

Mr.Jones obtained a watchdog to prevent the nocturnal raids on his chicken coops.

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noisome

a

악취가 나는, 불쾌한; 해로운

foul-smelling; unwholesome

The noisome atmosphere downwind of the oil refinery not only stank but also damaged the lungs of everyone living in the area.

nomadic

a

유목의, 방랑의

wandering

Several nomadic tribes of Indians would hunt in this area each year.

nomenclature

n

(총칭적으로)학술 용어; (분류학적)학명, 명칭

terminology; system of names

Sharon found Latin word parts useful in translating medical nomenclature

nominal

a

이름뿐인, 명목상의; 보잘 것 없는

in name only; trifling

He offered to drive her to the airport for only a nominal fee.

nonchalance

n

무관심, 태연, 무기력, 무사 태평

indifference; lack of concern; composure

Cool, calm, and collected under fire, James Bond shows remarkable nonchalance in the face of danger.

noncommittal

a

언질을 안 주는, 애매한

neutral; unpledged; undecided

We were annoyed by his noncommittal reply for we had been led to expect definite assurances of his approval.

nondescript

a

무어라 말하기 어려운, 막연한, 특징이 없는

undistinctive; ordinary

The private detective was a short, nondescript fellow with no outstanding features, the sort of person one would never notice in a crowd.

nonentity

n

보잘 것 없는 사람(물건)

person of no importance; nonexistence

Because the two older princes dismissed their youngest brother as a nonentity, they did not realize that he was quietly plotting to seize the throne.

nonplus

v

어찌할 바 모르게 하다, 몹시 난처하게 하다

bring to a halt by confusion; perplex

Jack's uncharacteristic rudeness nonplussed Jill, leaving her uncertain how to react.

nostalgia

n

향수, 회향병

homesickness; longing for the past

My grandfather seldom spoke of life in the old country; he had little patience with nostalgia.

nostrum

n

특효약, 비방약; 엉터리약; (사회·정치 문제에 대한)자신있는 해결책, 비책

questionable medicine

No quack selling nostrums is going to cheat me.

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notable

a

두르러진, 현저한, 뚜렷한, 중요한

conspicuous; important; distinguished

Normally notable for his calm in the kitchen, today the head cook was shaking, for the notable chef Julia Child was coming to dinner.

notoriety

n

악명, 악평

disrepute; ill fame

To the starlet, any publicity was good publicity

novelty

n

새로움; 색다른 물건, 새로운 경험; 신종 제품

something new; newness

The computer is no longer a novelty around the office.

novice

n

초심자, 풋내기

beginner

Even a novice at working with computers can install Barron's Computer Study Program for the SAT by following the easy steps outlined in the user's manual.

noxious

a

유해한, 유독한

harmful

We must trace the source of these noxious gases before they asphyxiate us.

nuance

n

색조; 미묘한 차이

shade of difference in meaning or color; subtle distinction

Jody gazed at the Monet landscape for an hour, appreciating every subtle nuance of color in the painting.

nubile

a

(여자의)나이가 찬, 혼기의

marriageable

Mrs. Bennet, in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, was worried about finding suitable husbands for her five nubile daughters.

nugatory

a

하찮은, 쓸모없는, 무효의

futile; worthless

This agreement is nugatory for no court will enforce it.

nullify

v

(법적으로) 무효로 하다, 파기하다; 헛되이 하다

to make invalid

Once the contract was nullified, it no longer had any legal force.

numismatist

n

동전 수집가

person who collects coins

The numismatist had a splendid collection of antique coins.

nuptial

a

결혼의, 혼례의

related to marriage

Reluctant to be married in a traditional setting, they decided to hold their nuptial ceremony at the carousel in Golden Gate Park.

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nurture

v

양육하다, 교육하다

nourish; educate; foster

The Head Start program attempts to nurture prekindergarten children so that they will do well when they enter public school.

nutrient

n

영양물

nourishing substance

As a budding nutritionist, Kim has learned to design diets that contain foods rich in important basic nutrients.

oaf

n

백치

stupid, awkward person

He called the unfortunate waiter a clumsy oaf.

obdurate

a

완고한

stubborn

He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.

obeisance

n

경의

bow

She made an obeisance as the king and queen entered the room.

obelisk

n

방첨탑

tall column tapering and ending in a pyramid

Cleopatra's Needle is an obelisk in New York City's Central Park.

obese

a

뚱뚱하게 살찐

fat

It is advisable that obese people try to lose weight.

obfuscate

v

혼란시키다; 몽롱하게 하다

confuse; muddle

Do not obfuscate the issues by dragging in irrelevant arguments.

objective

a

객관적인; 공평한

not influenced by emotions; fair

Even though he was her son, she tried to be objective about his behavior.

objective (n)

n

목표; 목적

goal; aim

A degree in medicine was her ultimate objective.

objurgation

n

꾸짖음; 비난

severe rebuke; scolding

Objurgations and even threats of punishment did not deter the young hoodlums.

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obligatory

a

의무적인; 필수인

binding; required

It is obligatory that books borrowed from the library be returned within two weeks.

oblique

a

비스듬한; 사선의

slanting; deviating from the perpendicular or from a straight line

The sergeant ordered the men to march "Oblique Right."

obliterate

v

흔적을 지우다

destroy completely

The tidal wave obliterated several island villages.

oblivion

n

망각

forgetfulness

Her works had fallen into a state of oblivion, no one bothered to read them.

obnoxious

a

밉살스러운

offensive

I find your behavior obnoxious; please mend your ways.

obscure (a)

a

컴컴한; 애매한; 분명치않은

dark; vague; unclear

Even after I read the poem a fourth time, its meaning was still obscure.

obscure (v)

v

어둡게 하다; 흐리게 하다

darken; make unclear

At times he seemed purposely to obscure his meaning, preferring mystery to clarity.

obsequious

a

아첨하는, 아부적인; 순종하는

slavishly attentive; servile; sycophantic

Helen valued people who behaved as if they respected themselves; nothing irritated her more than an excessively obsequious waiter or a fawning salesclerk.

obsequy

n

장례식

funeral ceremony

Hundreds paid their last respects at his obsequies.

obsession

n

강박관념; 사로잡혀 떨어지지 않는 관념

fixed idea; continued brooding

This obsession with the supernatural has made him unpopular with his neighbors.

obsidian

n

흑요석, 오석(烏石)

black volcanic rock

The deposits of obsidian on the mountain slopes were an indication that the volcano had erupted in ancient times.

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obsolete

a

쓸모없이 된

outmoded

That word is obsolete; do not use it.

obstetrician

n

산과의사

physician specializing in delivery of babies

In modern times, the delivery of children has passed from the midwife to the more scientifically trained obstetrician.

obstinate

a

완고한

stubborn

We tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he was obstinate and refused to change.

obstreperous

a

사나운; 소란한

boisterous; noisy

The crowd became obstreperous and shouted their disapproval of the proposals made by the speaker.

obtrude

v

강요하다

push into prominence

The other members of the group object to the manner in which you obtrude your opinions into matters of no concern to you.

obtrusive

a

주제넘게 참견하는

pushing forward

I found her a very obtrusive person, constantly seeking the center of the stage.

obtuse

a

둔한; 우둔한

blunt; stupid

Because he was so obtuse, he could not follow the teacher's reasoning and asked foolish questions.

obviate

v

없애다; 제거하다

make unnecessary; get rid of

I hope this contribution will obviate any need for further collections of funds.

occident

n

서양

the West

It will take time for the Occident to understand the ways and customs of the Orient.

occlude

v

막다; 폐색하다

shut; close

A blood clot occluded an artery to the heart.

occult

a

신비스러운; 숨은; 초자연적인

mysterious; secret; supernatural

The occult rites of the organization were revealed only to members.

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oculist

n

안과 의사

physician who specializes in treatment of the eyes

In many states, an oculist is the only one who may apply medicinal drops to the eyes for the purpose of examining them.

odious

a

증오하는, 혐오하는

hateful

I find the task of punishing you most odious.

odium

n

악평; 반감

repugnance; dislike

I cannot express the odium I feel at your heinous actions.

odoriferous

a

냄새나는

giving off an odor

The odoriferous spices stimulated her jaded appetite.

odorous

a

향기로운

having an odor

This variety of hybrid tea rose is more odorous than the one you have in your garden.

odyssey

n

장기간의 여행

long, eventful journey

The refugee's journey from Cambodia was a terrifying odyssey.

offal

n

쓰레기; 폐물

waste; garbage

In America, we discard as offal that which could feed families in less fortunate parts of the world.

offertory

n

헌금; 봉헌

collection of money at religious ceremony; part of the Mass during which offerings are made

The donations collected during the offertory will be assigned to our mission work abroad.

officious

a

지겹게 참견하는; 주제넘게 나서는

meddlesome; excecessively trying to please

Browning informs us that the Duke resented the bough of cherries some officious fool brought to please the Duchess.

ogle

v

추파를 던지다

glance coquettishly at; make eyes at

Sitting for hours at the sidewalk cafe, the old gentleman would ogle the young girls and recall his youthful romances.

olfactory

a

후각의

concerning the sense of smell

The olfactory organ is the nose.

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oligarchy

n

소수 독재 정치

government by a few

The feudal oligarchy was supplanted by an autocracy.

ominous

a

불길한

threatening

These clouds are ominous; they ported a severe storm.

omnipotent

a

전능한

all-powered

The monarch regarded himself as omnipotent and responsible to no one for his acts.

omnipresent

a

편재하는; 어디에나 있는

universally present; ubiquitous

On Christmas Eve, Santa Claus is omnipresent.

omniscient

a

전지의

all-knowing

I do not pretend to be omniscient, but I am positive about this fact.

omnivorous

a

잡식성의; 아무거나 먹는

eating both plantand animal food; devouring everything

some animals, including man, are omnivorous and eat both meat and vegetables; others are either carnivorous or herbivorous.

onerous

a

성가신, 부담되는

burdensome

He asked for an assistant becasue his work load was too onerous.

onomatopoeia

n

의성어

words formed in imitation of natural sounds

Words like "rustle" and "gargle" are illustraions of onomatopoeia.

onslaught

n

맹습

vicious assault

We suffered many casualties during the unexpected onslaught of the enemy troops.

onus

n

짐; 책임

burden; responsibility

The emperor was spared the onus of signing the surrender papers; instead, he relegated the assignment of the enemy troops.

opalescent

a

유광색을 내는

iridescent

The Ancient Mariner admired the opalescent sheen on the water.

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opaque

a

어두운; 불투명한

dark; not transparent

The opaque window kept the sunlight out of the room.

opiate

n

수면제; 마취제

sleep producer; deadener of pain

By such opiates, she made the people forget their difficulties and accept their unpleasant circumstances.

opportune

a

시기가 좋은; 적절한

timely; well chosen

You have come at an opportune moment for I need a new secretary.

opulence

n

부유,풍부

wealth

Visitors from Europe are amazed at the opulence of this country.

oratorio

n

오라토리오,성담곡

dramatic poem set to music

The glee club decided to present an oratorio during their recital.

ordinance

n

법령

decree

Passing a red light is a violation of a city ordinance.

orifice

n

구멍,아가리

mouthlike opening;small opening

The Howe Caverns were discovered when someone observed that a cold wind was issuing from an orifice in the hillside.

ornate

a

화려한

excessively decorated,highly decorated

Furniture of the Baroque period can be recognized by its ornate carvings.

ornithologist

n

조류학자

scientific student of birds

Audubon's drawings of American bird life have been of interest not only to the ornithologists but also to the general public.

oscillate

v

진동하다.

vibrate pendulumlike;waver

It is interesting to note how public opinion oscillates between the extremes of optimism and pessimism.

osseous

a

뼈의, 뼈로 이루어진; 뼈 비슷한

made of bone; bony

The hollow "soft spot" found at the top of the infant's skull gradually closes as new osseous tissue fills in the gap.

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ossify

v

뼈로 변하다; 경화하다; 경직화 되다

When he called his opponent a "bonehead", he implied that his adversary's brain had ossified and that he was not capable of clear thinking.

ostensible

a

표면상의,겉꾸밈의,가장한

apparent;professed;pretended

Although the ostensible purpose of this expedition is to discover new lands,we are really interested in finding new markets for our products.

ostentatious

a

허세를 부리는,겉꾸미는,화려한

showy;pretentious

The real hero is never ostentatious.

ostracize

v

추방하다,배척하다.

exclude from public favor;ban

As soon as the newspapers carried the story of his connection with the criminals, his friends began to ostracize him.

oust

v

(장소·지위 따위에서)…을 내쫓다; (남)에게서 (재산을) 빼앗다

expel; drive out

The world wondered if Aquino would be able to oust Marcos from office.

outlandish

a

이국풍의, 기이한; 외딴, 시골 구석의

bizarre; peculiar; unconventional

The eccentric professor who engages in markedly outlandish behavior is a stock figure in novels with an academic setting.

outmoded

a

유행에 뒤진

no longer stylish; old-fashioned

Unconcerned about keeping in style, Lenore was perfectly happy to wear outmoded clothes as long as they were clean and unfrayed.

outskirts

n

변두리, 교외

fringes; outer borders

Living on the outskirts of Boston, Sarah sometimes felt as if she were cut off from the cultural heart of the city.

outspoken

a

(하는 말에)거리낌 없는, 솔직한

candid; blunt

The candidate was too outspoken to be a successful politician; he had not yet learned to weigh his words carefully.

outstrip

v

(경주 따위에서)…을 능가하다, 이겨내다

surpass; outdo

Jesse Owens easily outstripped his competitors to win the gold medal at the Olympic Games.

outwit

v

보다 나은 꾀로 지우다, 한술 더 뜨다, 속이다

outsmart; trick

By disguising himself as an old woman, Holmes was able to outwit his pursuers and escape capture.

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ovation

n

(대중의)열렬한 환영, 갈채

enthusiastic applause

When Placido Domingo came on stage in the first act of La Boheme, he was greeted by a tremendous ovation.

overbearing

a

건방진, 거만한, 횡포한; 고압적인, 위압적인

bossy; arrogant; decisively important

Certain of her own importance and of the unimportance of everyone else, Lady Bracknell was intolerably overbearing in manner. "In choosing a husband," she said, "good birth is of overbearing importance; compared to that, neither wealth nor talent signifie

overt

a

명백한,공공연한

open to view

According to the United States Constitution,a person must commit an overt act before he may be tried for treason.

overweening

a

자부심이 강한, 거만한, 잘난 체하는

presumptuous; arrogant

is overweening pride in his accomplishments was not justified.

overwrought

a

지나치게 긴장된; 지나치게 공들인; 과도한, 지나치게 일한

extremely agitated; hysterical

When Kate heard the news of the sudden tragedy, she became too overwrought to work and had to leave the office early.

ovoid

a

난형의

egg-shaped

At Easter she had to cut out hundreds of brightly colored ovoid shapes.

pachyderm

n

후피동물(코끼리·하마 따위)

thick-skinned animal

The elephant is probably the best-known pachyderm.

pacifist

n

평화주의자

one opposed to force;anti-millitarist

The pacifists urged that we reduce our military budget and recall our troops stationed overseas.

pacify

v

달래다, 진정시키다

soothe; make calm or quiet; subdue

Dentists criticize the practice of giving fussy children sweets to pacify them.

paean

n

기쁨의 노래,찬가,승리의 노래

song of praise or joy

They sang paeans to the god of spring.

painstaking

a

힘이 드는, 애쓴; 근면한, 공들이는

showing hard work; taking great care

The new high-frequency word list is the result of painstaking efforts on the part of our research staff.

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palatable

a

맛좋은,상쾌한

agreeable;pleasing to the taste

Paying taxes can never be made palatable.

palate

n

구개, 입천장; 미각, 기호, 심미안

roof of the mouth; sense of taste

When you sound out the letter "d," your tongue curves up to touch the edge of your palate. When Alice was sick, her mother made special meals to tempt her palate.

palatial

a

궁전의, 웅장한

magnificent

He proudly showed us through his palatial home.

palaver

n

잡담,수다,아첨

discussion;misleading speech;chatter

In spite of all the palaver before the meeting, the delegates were able to conduct serious negotiations when they sat down at the conference table.

paleontology

n

고생물학

study of prehistoric life

The professor of paleontology had a superb collection of fossils.

palette

n

팔레트

board on which painter mixes pigments

At the present time, art supply stores are selling paper palettes which may be discarded after use.

pallet

n

작고 허스름한 침대

small,poor bed

The weary traveler went to sleep on his straw pallet.

palliate

v

누그러지게 하다

ease pain;make less guilty or offensive

Doctors must palliates that which they cannot cure.

pallid

a

창백한

pale;wan

Because his occupation required that he work at night and sleep during the day, he had an exceptionally pallid complexion.

palpable

a

만질수 있는,명백한

tangible;easily perceptible

I cannot understand how you could overlook such a palpable blunder.

palpitate

v

두근거리다,떨리다.

throb;flutter

As he become excited,his heart began to palpitate more and more erratically.

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paltry

a

하찮은,무가치한

insignificant;petty

This is a paltry sum to pay for such a masterpiece.

panacea

n

만병통치약

cure-all;remedy for all disease.

There is no easy panacea that will solve our complicated international situation.

pandemonium

n

복마전,수라장

wild tumult

When the ships collided in the harbor,pandemonium broke out among the passengers.

pander

n

뚜장이,포주

cater to the low desires of others

Books which pander to man's lowest instincts should be banned.

panegyric

n

찬사,과장된 칭찬의 말

formal praise

The modest hero blushed as he listened to the panegyric uttered by the speakers about his valorous act.

panorama

n

파노라마,연달아 나타나는 광경

comprehensive view;unobstructed view in all directions

Tourists never forget the impact of their first panorama of the Grand Canyon.

pantomime

n

무언극

acting without dialogue

Because he worked in pantomime, the clown could be understood wherever he appeared.

papyrus

n

파피루스,파피루스 종이

ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant.

The ancient Egyptians were among the first to write on papyrus.

parable

n

우화

short,simple story teaching a moral.

Let us apply the lesson that this parable teaches to our own conduct.

parapet

n

난간

low wall at edge of roof or balcony

The best way to attack the soldiers fighting behind the parapets on the roof is by bombardment from the air.

paraphernalia

n

장비

equipment; odds and ends

His desk was cluttered with paper, pen, ink, dictionary and other paraphernalia of the writing craft.

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paraphrase

v

바꾸어 말하다

restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author

In 250 words or less, paraphrase this article.

parasite

n

기생충; 아첨쟁이; 알랑쇠

animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophant

The tapeworm is an example of the kind of parasite that may infest the human body.

parched

a

바짝 마른; 목마른

extremely dry; very thirsty

The parched desert landscape seemed hostile to life.

paregoric

n

진통제

medicine that eases pain

The doctor prescribed a paregoric to alleviate his suffering.

pariah

n

사람들로부터 따돌림을 받고 버림받은 자

social outcast

I am not a pariah to be shunned and ostracized.

parity

n

동질; 현저한 유사

equality; close resemblance

I find your analogy inaccurate because I do not see the parity between the two illustrations.

parlance

n

말투; 어조

language; idiom

All this legal parlance confuses me; I need an interpreter.

parley

n

협상

conference

The peace parley has not produced the anticipated truce.

parochial

a

편협한; 지방적인; 교구의

narrow in outlook; provincial; related to parishes

Although Jane Austen writes novels set in small rural communities, her concerns are universal, not parochial.

parody

n

서투른 모방; 우스꽝스럽게 만듦

humorous imitation; travesty

We enjoyed the clever parodies of popular songs which the chorus sang.

paroxysm

n

<감정의>격발

fit or attack of pain, laughter, rage

When he heard of his son's misdeeds, he was seized by a paroxysm of rage.

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parricide

n

존속살해자; 반역자

person who murders his own father; murder of a father

The jury was shocked by the details of this vicious parricide.

parsimonious

a

인색한; 극도로 절약하는

stingy; excessively frugal

His parsimonious nature did not permit him to enjoy any luxuries.

partial (1)

a

일부분의

incomplete

In this issue we have published only a partial list of contributors because we lack space to acknowledge everyone.

partial (2)

a

불공평한

biased; having a liking for something

I am extremely partial to chocolate eclairs.

partisan

a

편파적인, 당파심이 강한

one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party

On certain issues of conscience, she refused to take a partisan stand.

parturition

n

분만; 해산

delivery; childbirth

The difficulties anticipated by the obstetricians at parturition did not materialize; it was a normal delivery.

parvenu

n

갑자기 출세한 사람; 벼락부자

upstart; newly rich person

Although extremely wealthy, he was regarded as a parvenu by the aristocratic members of society.

passe

a

시대에 뒤떨어진; 과거의

old-fashioned; past the prime

Her style is passe and reminiscent of the Victorian era.

passive

a

수동성의; 무저항의

not active; acted upon

Mahatma Gandi urged his followers to pursue a program of passive resistance as he felt that it was more effective than vilence and acts of terrorism.

pastiche

n

모방작품

imitation of another's style in musical composition or in writing

We cannot even say that her music is a pastiche of this composer or that; it is, rather, reminiscent of many musicians.

pastoral

a

시골의

rural

In these stories of pastoral life, we find an understanding of the daily tasks of country folk.

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patent

a

개방되어 있는; 명백한

open for the public to read; obvious

It was patent to everyone that the witness spoke the truth.

pathetic

a

애처로운; 감상적인; 슬픈; 서투른

causing sadness, compassion, pity; touching

Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his pathetic tale about the orphaned boy.

pathological

a

병리학의

pertaining to disease

As we study the pathological aspects of this disease, we must not overlook the psychological elements.

pathos

n

애절감; 연민; 애수

tender sorrow; pity; guality in art or literature that produces these feelings

The quiet tone of pathos that ran throught the novel never degenerated into the maudlin or the overly sentimental.

patina

a

<골동품 등의>고색 창연한 빛; 풍모

green crust on old brozen works; tone slowly taken by varnished painting

Judging by the patina on this bronze statue, we can conclude that this is the work of a medieval artist.

patois

n

사투리

local or provincial dialect

His years of study of the language at the university did not enable him to understand the patois of the natives.

patriarch

n

가장; 족장

father and ruler of a family or tribe

In many primitive tribes, the leader and lawmaker was the patriarch.

patrician

a

귀족의; 고귀한

noble; aristocratic

We greatly admired her well-bred, patrician elegance.

patricide

n

아버지 살해범

person who murders his father; murder of a father

The words parricide and patricide have exactly the same meaning.

patrimony

n

세습 재산

inheritance from father

As predicted by his critics, he spent his patrimony within two years of his father's death.

patronize

v

후원하다; 보호하다

support; act superior toward

Experts in a field sometimes appear to patronize people who are less knowledgeable of the subject.

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paucity

n

부족

scarcity

They closed the restaurant because the paucity of customers made it uneconomical to operate.

pauper

n

빈곤자, 생활 곤란자, 빈민

very poor person

Though Widow Brown was living on a reduced income, she was by no means a pauper.

peccadillo

n

작은 과오

slight offense

If we examine these escapades carefully, we will realize that they are mere peccadilloes rather than major crimes.

peculation

n

횡령; 절도

embezzlement; theft

Her peculations were not discovered until the auditors found discrepancies in the financial statements.

pecuniary

a

금전의, 돈의

pertaining to money

I never expected pecuniary reward for my work in this activity.

pedagogue

n

교사; 규칙이 까다로운 선생

tearcher; dull and formal teacher

He could never be a stuffy pedagogue; his classes were always lively and filled with humor.

pedagogy

n

교직; 교육학

teaching; art of education

Though Maria montessori gained fame for her innovations in pedagogy, it took years before her teaching techniques were common practice in American schools.

pedant

n

탁상공론자

scholar who overemphasizes book learning or technicalities

Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a scholar.

pedantic

a

아는 체하는; 현학적인

showing off learning; bookish

What you say is pedantic and reveals an unfamiliariy with the realities of life.

pedestrian

a

평범한; 산문적인

ordinary; unimaginative

Unintentionally boring, he wrote page after page of pedestrian prose.

pediatrician

n

소아과 의사

expert in children's diseases

The family doctor advised the parents to consult a pediatrician about their child's ailment.

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pediment

n

박공벽

triangular part above columns in Greek buildings

The pediment of the building was filled with sculptures and adorned with elaborate scrollwork.

pejorative

a

경멸적인

having a deteriorating or depreciating effect on the meaning of a word

His use of pejorative language indicated his contempt for his audience.

pell-mell

a

난잡하게; 허둥지둥

in confusion; disorderly

The excited students dashed pell-mell into the stadium to celebrate the victory.

pellucid

a

투명한, 맑은; 명료한, 명백한

transparent; limpid; easy to understand

After reading these stodgy philosophers, I find his pellucid style very enjoyable.

penance

n

참회, 후회, 난행

self-imposed punishment for sin

The Ancient Mariner said, "I have penance done and penance more will do," to atone for the sin of killing the albatross.

penchant

n

경향, 취미, 기호

strong inclination; liking

He had a strong penchant for sculpture and owned many statues.

pendant

a

아래로 매달린, 쑥 튀어나온; 미결의

hanging down from something

Her pendant earrings glistened in the light.

pendulous

a

매달린, 흔들흔들하는; 마음이 흔들리는

hanging; suspended

The pendulous chandeliers swayed in the breeze and gave the impression that they were about to fall from the ceiling.

penitent

a

후회한, 참회한

repentant

When he realized the enormity of his crime, he became remorseful and penitent.

pensive

a

슬픈 생각에 잠긴, 명상에 잠긴, 구슬픈

dreamily thoughtful; thoughtful with a hint of sadness

The pensive youth gazed at the painting for a long time and then sighed.

penumbra

n

반영, 태양 흑점의 반영부

partial shadow(in an eclipse)

During an eclipse, we can see an area of total darkness and a lighter area which is the penumbra.

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penurious

a

인색한; 가난한, 결핍된

stingy; parsimonious

He was a penurious man, averse to spending money even for the necessities of life.

penury

n

극도의 빈곤, 부족, 결핍

extreme poverty

We find much penury and suffering in this slum area.

peon

n

일용 노동자; (멕시코에서)빚 때문에 노예가 되어 일하는 사람

landless agricultural worker; bond servant

The land reformers sought to liberate the peons and establish them as independent farmers.

perceptive

a

지각력이 있는, 지각의, 지각이 예민한

insightful; aware; wise

Although Maud was a generally perceptive critic, she had her blind spots; she could never see flaws in the work of her friends.

percussion

n

한 물체를 다른 것에 심각하게 침, 타격

striking one object against another sharply

The drum is a percussion instrument.

perdition

n

완전한 파멸; 영혼의 죽음, 지옥에 떨어짐

damnation; complete ruin

Praying for salvation, young Daedalus feared he was damned to eternal perdition.

peregrination

n

여행, 편력

journey

Auntie Mame was a world traveler whose peregrinations took her from Tiajuana to Timbuctoo.

peremptory

a

단호한, 독단적인, 거만한, 강제적인

demanding and leaving choice

From Jack's peremptory knock on the door, Jill could tell he would not give up until she let him in.

perennial

a

사철 그치지 않는, 어려해 계속되는; 영원한

something long-lasting

These plants are hardy perennials and will bloom for many years.

perfidious

a

불신의, 불성실한; 딴 마음이 있는, 배반하는

treacherous; disloyal

When Caesar realized that Brutus had betrayed him, he reproached his perfidious friend.

perforate

v

구멍을 뚫다; 꿰뚫다, 관통하다

pierce; put a hole through

Before you can open the aspirin bottle, you must first perforate the plastic safety seal that covers the cap.

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perfunctory

a

피상적인, 되는 대로의, 기계적인, 형식적인

superficial; listless; not thorough

He overlooked many weaknesses when he inspected the factory in his perfunctory manner.

perigee

n

근지점(달, 혹성이 지구에 가장 가까워지는 지점)

point of moon's orbit when it is nearest the earth

The rocket which was designed to take photographs of the moon was launched as the moon approached its perigee.

perimeter

n

주변, 외계, 시야계, 주위

outer boundary

To find the perimeter of any quadrilateral, we add the lengths of the four sides.

peripatetic

a

소요학파의; 움직이는, 소요하는, 돌아다니는

walking about; moving

The peripatetic school of philosophy derives its name from the fact that Aristotle walked with his pupils while discussing philosophy with them.

peripheral

a

주위의, 외면의

marginal; outer

We lived, not in central London, but in one of those peripheral suburbs that spring up on the outskirts of a great city.

periphery

n

주위(특히 원형의); 외면; (신경의)말초

edge, especially of a round surface

He sensed that there was something just beyond the periphery of his vision.

perjury

n

위서, 위증(죄)

false testimony while under oath

When several witnesses appeared to challenge his story, he was indicted for perjury.

permeable

a

투과할 수 있는, 투과성의

porous; allowing passage through

Glass is permeable to light.

pernicious

a

유해한, 유독한, 치명적인, 악성의

very destructive

He argued that these books had a pernicious effect on young and susceptible minds.

peroration

n

(열변적인 연설의)결론

conclusion of an oration

The peroration was largely hortatory and brought the audience to its feet clamoring for action at its close.

perpetrate

v

(과실 따위를)저지르다, 범하다

commit an offense

Only an insane person could perpetrate such a horrible crime.

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perpetual

a

영구의, 영속하는, 끊임없는

everlasting

Ponce de Leon hoped to find perpetual youth.

perquisite

n

임시 수입, 부수입, 특혜

any gain above stipulated salary

The perquisites attached to this job make it even more attractive than the salary indicates.

personable

a

용모가 아름다운, 잘생긴, 우아한

attractive

The man I am seeking to fill this position must be personable since he will be representing us before the public.

perspicacious

a

선경지명이 있는, 통찰력이 있는, 총명한

having insight; penetrating; astute

The brilliant lawyer was known for his perspicacious deductions.

perspicuity

n

(언어, 문체 따위의)명쾌함, 알기 쉬움

clearness of expression; freedom from ambiguity

One of the outstanding features of this book is the perspicuity of its author; her meaning is always clear.

pert

a

건방진, 버릇없는, 주제넘은

impertinent; forward

I think your pert and impudent remarks call for an apology.

pertinacious

a

불굴의, 끈기 있는; 완고한

stubborn; persistent

He is bound to succeed because his pertinacious nature will not permit him to quit.

pertinent

a

적절한, 꼭 들어맞는; ~에 속하는, 관계 있는

suitable; to the point

The lawyer wanted to know all the pertinent details.

perturb

v

교란하다, 혼란하게 하다, 마음을 어지럽히다, 불안하게 하다

disturb greatly

I am afraid this news will perturb him and cause him grief.

perusal

n

읽음; 숙독, 정독

reading

I am certain that you have missed important details in your rapid perusal of this document.

pervasive

a

넘치는, 충만(침투)하는

pervading; spread throughout

Despite airing them for several hours, she could not rid her clothes of the pervasive odor of mothballs that clung to them.

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perverse

a

외고집의, 심술궂은, 성미가 비꼬인, 고집센

stubborn; intractable

Because of your perverse attitude, I must rate you as deficient in cooperation.

perversion

n

남용, 악용; 부패, 타락; (성적인)도착

corruption; turning from right to wrong

Inasmuch as he had no motive for his crimes, we could not understand his perversion.

perversity

n

뒤틀린 성미, 외고집; 사악

stubborn maintenance of a wrong cause

I cannot forgive your perversity in repeating such an impossible story.

pessimism

n

비관, 비관론, 염세관

belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess

The good news we have been receiving lately indicates that there is little reason for your pessimism.

pestilential

a

전염하는, 유해한; 성가신

causing plague; baneful

People were afraid to explore the pestilential swamp.

pestle

n

방앗공이, 절굿공이

tool for mashing or grinding substances in a hard bowl

From the way in which the elderly pharmacist pounded the drug with his pestle, young George could tell that his employer was agitated about something.

petrify

v

돌이 되게 하다; 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 망연자실하게 하다

turn to stone

His sudden and unexpected appearance seemed to petrify her.

petty

a

사소한, 보잘 것 없는, 하찮은; 비열한, 속이 좁은

trivial; unimportant; very small

She had no major complaints to make about his work, only a few petty quibbles that were almost too minor to state.

petulant

a

성미 급한, 짜증 잘 내는, 참을성 없는

touchy; peevish

The feverish patient was petulant and restless.

pharisaical

a

바리새 사람의; 형식에 구애된, 위선의

pertaining to the Pharisees, who paid scrupulous attention to tradition; self-righteous; hypocritic

Walter Lippmann has pointed out that moralists who do not attempt to explain the moral code they advocate are often regarded as pharisaical and ignored.

phenomena

n

현상들, 사건들, 사실들, phenomenon의 복수형

observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation

We kept careful records of the phenomena we noted in the course of these experiments.

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philanderer

n

바람둥이 남자

faithless lover; flirt

Swearing he had never so much as looked at another woman, Jack assured Jill he was no philanderer.

philanthropist

n

박애주의자

lover of mankind; doer of good

As he grew older, he became famous as a philanthropist and benefactor of the needy.

philatelist

n

우표 수집가

stamp-collector

When she heard the value of the Penny Black stamp, Phyllis was inspired to become a philatelist.

philistine

n

속물, 실리주의자; 마음이 좁은 사람; (옛)팔레스타인 사람

narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclusively interested in material gain

We need more men of culture and enlightenment; we have too many philistines among us.

philology

n

언어학; 문헌학

study of language

The professor of philology advocated the use of Esperanto as an international language.

phlegmatic

a

냉정한, 냉담한; 점액질의

calm; not easily disturbed

The nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person, unexcited in the face of sudden emergencies.

phobia

n

병적인 공포증

morbid fear

Her fear of flying was more than mere nervousness; it was a real phobia.

physiognomy

n

인상; 골상학, 관상술; 지형, 특징

face

He prided himself on his ability to analyze a person's character by studying his physiognomy.

physiological

a

생리학의

pertaining to the science of the function of living organisms

To understand this disease fully, we must examine not only its physiological aspects but also its psychological elements.

piebald

a

얼룩의, 잡색의, 혼합의

of different colors; mottled; spotted

You should be able to identify Polka Dot in this race; he is the only piebald horse running.

pied

a

얼룩덜룩한, 잡색의

variegated; multicolored

The Pied Piper of Hamelin got his name from the multicolored clothing he wore.

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piety

n

(종교적인)경건; (부모 등에 대한)경애, 효심

devoutness; reverence of God

Living her life in prayer and good works, Mother Teresa exemplifies the true spirit of piety.

pigment

n

그림물감, 도료, 안료

coloring matter

Van Gogh mixed various pigments with linseed oil to create his paints.

pillage

v

약탈하다, 강탈하다

plunder

The enemy pillaged the quiet village and left it in ruins.

pillory

v

(죄인)에게 칼을 씌우다; 웃음거리로 만들다

punish by placing in a wooden frame; subject to criticism and ridicule

Even though he was mocked and pilloried, he maintained that he was correct in his beliefs.

pine

v

애타게 그리워하다, 연모하다; 갈망하다, 열망하다

languish, decline; long for, yearn

Though she tried to be happy living with Clara in the city, Heidi pined for the mountains and for her gruff but loving grandfather.

pinion

v

묶다, 결박하다, 속박하다

restrain

They pinioned his arms against his body but left his legs free so that he could move about.

pinnacle

n

높은 산봉우리; 꼭대기, 정점

peak

We could see the morning sunlight illuminate the pinnacle while the rest of the mountain lay in shadow.

pious

a

경건한, 신앙심 깊은

devout

The pious parents gave their children a religious upbringing.

piquant

a

매운, 얼얼한; 신랄한; 통쾌한

pleasantly tart-tasting; stimulating

The piquant sauce added to our enjoyment of the meal.

pique

n

격노, 불쾌, 불평, 기분 언짢음

irritation; resentment

She showed her pique by her refusal to appear with the other contestants at the end of the contest.

piscatorial

a

어부의, 낚시질의, 어업의

pertaining to fishing

He spent many happy hours at the lake in his piscatorial activities.

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pithy

a

간결한; 힘찬, 활기 있는

concise; neatly

I enjoy reading his essays because they are always compact and pithy.

pittance

n

약간의 수당

a small allowance or wage

He could not live on the pittance he received as a pension and had to look for an additional source of revenue.

pivotal

a

중추의; 추축의

central; critical

De Klerk's decision to set Nelson Mandela free was pivotal; without Mandela's release, there was no possibility that the African National Congress would entertain talks with the South African government.

placate

v

<감정을>진정시키다; <사람을>달래다

pacify; conciliate

The teacher tried to placate the angry mother.

placebo

n

<유효성분이 없는>위약

harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill

In a controlled experiment, fifty volunteers were given erythromycin tablets; the control group received only placebos.

placid

a

평온한; 조용한

peaceful; calm

After his vacation in this placid section, he felt soothed and rested.

plagiarize

n

<남의 문장, 사상, 고안 등을>도용하다

steal another's ideas and pass them off as one's own

The editor could tell that the writer had plagiarized parts of the article; he could recognize whole paragraphs from the original source.

plaintive

a

구슬픈

mournful

The dove has a plaintive and melancholy call.

platitude

n

진부; 상투어

trite remark; commonplace statement

The platitudes in his speech were applauded by the vast majority in his audience; only a few people perceived how trite his remarks were.

platonic

a

순 정신적인; 관념적인; 이상적인

purely spiritual; theoretical; without sensual desire

Accused of impropriety in his dealings with female students, the professor maintained he had only a platonic interest in the women involved.

plauditory

a

찬성하는; 갈채하는

approving; applauding

The theatrical company reprinted the plauditory comments of the critics in its advertisement.

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plausible

a

그럴듯한; 외양만 좋은

having a show of truth but open to double; specious

Even though your argument is plausible, I still would like to have more proof.

plebiscite

n

국민투표

expression of the will of a people by direct election

I think this matter is so importnat that it should be decided not by a handful of legislators but by a plebiscite of the entire nation.

plenary

a

완전한; 전원출석한

complete; full

The union leader was given plenary power to negotiate a new contract with the employers.

plenipotentiary

a

전권을 가진

fully empowered

Since he was not given plenipotentiary powers by his government, he could not commit his country without consulting his superiors.

plenitude

n

충분; 완전

abundance; completeness

Looking in the pantry, we admired the plenitude of fruits and pickles we had preserved during the summer.

plethora

n

과다; 과잉

excess; overabundance

She offered a plethora of reasons for her shortcomings.

pluck

n

용기

courage

Even the adversaries of young Indiana Jones were impressed by the boy's pluck in trying to rescue the archeological treasure they had stolen.

plumb

a

똑바른; 수직의

checking perpendicularity; vertical

Before hanging wallpaper it is advisable to drop a plumb line from the ceiling as a guide.

podiatrist

n

발명전문가

doctor who treats ailments of the feet

He consulted a podiatrist about his fallen arches.

poignant

a

날카로운; 매서운; 신랄한

keen; piercing; severe

Her poignant grief left her pale and weak.

polarize

v

분극화시키다

split into opposite exptremes or camps

The abortion issue has polarized the country into pro-choice and antiabortion camps.

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polemic

n

논쟁; 논객

controversy; argument in support of point of view

Her essays were, for the main part, polemics for the party's policy.

politic

a

편리한; 신중한; 현명한

expedient; prudent; well devised

Even though he was disappointed, he did not think it politic to refuse this offer.

polity

n

정치형태

form of government of nation or state

Our polity should be devoted to the concept that the government should strive for the good of all citizens.

poltroon

n

겁쟁이

coward

Only a poltroon would so betray his comrades at such a dangerous time.

polygamist

n

일부 다처자

one who has more than one spouse at a time

He was arrested as a polygamist when his two wives filed complaints about him.

polyglot

a

여러 나라 말로 하는

speaking several languages

New York City is a polyglot community because of the thousands of immigrants who settle there.

pomposity

n

거드름; 점잔뺌

self-important behavior; acting like a stuffed shirt

Although the commencement speaker had some good things to say, we had to laugh at his pomposity and general air of parading his own dignity.

ponderous

a

대단히 무거운; 다루기 힘든

weighty; like a sieve

His humor lacked the light touch; his jokes were always ponderous.

porous

a

다공성의; 삼투성의

full of pores; like a sieve

Dancers like to wear porous clothing because it allows the ready passage of water and air.

portend

v

예시하다; 전조가 되다

foretell; presage

The king did not know what these omens might portend and asked his soothsayers to interpret them.

portent

n

의미; 전조; 조짐

sign; omen; forewarning

He regarded the black cloud as a portent of evil.

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portly

a

비만한; 당당한

stately; stout

The overweight gentleman was referred to as portly by the polite salesclerk.

posterity

n

자손; 후세

descendants; future generations

We hope to leave a better world to posterity.

posthumous

a

사후의

after death(as of child born after father's death or book published after authour's death)

The critics ignored his works during his lifetime; it was only after the posthumous publication of his last novel.

postprandial

a

식후의

after dinner

The most objectionable feature of these formal banquets is the postprandial speech.

postulate

n

가정

self-evident truth

We must accept these statements as postulates before pursuing our discussions any further.

posture

v

자세를 취하다; ~인체하다

assume an affected pose; act artificially

No matter how much Arnold boasted or postured, I could not believe he was as importnat as he pretended to be.

potable

a

마시기에 알맞은

suitalbe for drinking

The recent drought in the Middle Atlantic States has emphasized the need for extensive research in ways of making sea water potable.

potent

a

유력한; 설득력 있는; 세력있는

powerful; persuasive; greatly influential

The jury was swayed by the highly potent testimony of the crime's sole eyewitness.

potentate

n

유력자; 주권자

monarch; sovereign

The potentate spent more time at Monte Carlo than he did at home on his throne.

potential

a

가능한; 잠재된

expressing possibility; latent

This juvenile delinquent is a potential murderer.

potion

n

1회의 분량

dose(of liquid)

Tristan and Isode drink a love potion in the first act of the opera.

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potpourri

n

문학 등의 잡집; 혼성곡

heterogeneous mixture; medley

He offered a potpourri of folk songs from many lands.

practicable

a

실행할 수 있는

feasible

The board of directors decided that the plan was practicable and agreed to undertake the project.

practical

a

실제적인; 유용한

based on experience; useful

He was a practical man, opposed to theory.

pragmatic

a

실용적인

practical. concerned with practical values

This test should provide us with a pragmatic analysis of the value of this course.

pragmatist

n

실용주의자

practical person

No pragmatist enjoys becoming involved in a game which he can never win.

prate

v

재잘거리다; 수다떨다

speak foolishly; boast idly

Let us not prate about our qualities.

prattle

v

더듬거리다, 쓸데없는 말을 하다

babble

The children prattled endlessly about their new toys.

preamble

n

머리말, 서언

introductory statement

In the Preamble to the Constitution, the purpose of the document is set forth.

precarious

a

불확실한, 믿을 수 없는, 위험한, 근거 없는

uncertain; risky

I think this stock is a precarious investment and advise against its purchase.

precedent

a

(시간, 서열이)앞서는, 이전의

preceding in time, rank, etc.

Our discussions, precedent to this event, certainly did not give you any reason to believe that we would adopt your proposal.

precedent

n

선례, 종례의 관례

something preceding in time that may be used as an authority or guide for future action. This d

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precept

n

교훈,훈시

practical rule, guide, conduct

"Love thy neighbor as thyself" is worthwhile precept.

precipice

n

절벽,벼랑

cliff; dangerous position

precipitate

v

경솔한,덤비는;재촉하다,촉진하다.

headlong; throw headlong

Do not be precipitate in the matter ; investigate futher.

precipitous

a

깍아지는듯한, 가파른

steep

This hill is difficult to climb because it is so precipitous.

preclude

v

방해하다, 배제하다

make impossible

This contract does not preclude my being employed by others at the same time that I am working for you.

precocious

a

조숙한,성숙한

advanced in development

By her rather adult maner of discussing serious topics. the child demonstrated that she was precocious

precursor

n

선구자.선봉

forerunner

Gray and Burns were precursors of the Romantic Movement in English literature

predatory

a

약탈하는,육식하는

plundering

The hawk is a predatory bird

predecessor

n

전임자, 선배

former occupant of a post

I hope I can live up to the fine example set by my late predrcessor in this office

predilection

n

두둔.편애

partiality;preference

Although the artist used various media from time to time ,she had a predilection for water colors.

preeminent

a

뛰어난, 빼어난

outstanding

The king traveled to Boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to perform the operation

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preempt

v

선취하다.선매하다

appropriate beforehand

Your attempt to preempt this land before it os offered to the public must be resisted

preen

v

정성껏 몸치장하다. 자랑하다.

make oneself tidy in appearance

As kitty preened before the mirror, carefully smoothing her shining hairm she couldn't help preening herself on her good looks.

prefatory

a

서문의,서론의

introduction

The chairman made a few prefatory renarks before he called on the first speaker

prehensile

a

쥘 수 있는, 쥐는힘이 있는

capable of grasping or holding

Monkeys use not only their arms and legs but also their prehensile tails in traveling through the trees.

prelate

n

고위 성직자

church dignitary

The archbishop of Moscow and other high-ranking prelates visited the Russion orthodox seminary.

prelude

n

전주곡,서막

introduction;forerunner

I am afraid that this border raid is the prelude to more serious attacks.

premeditate

v

미리 계획하다

plan in advance

She had premeditated the murder for months, reading about common poisons and buying weed killer that contained arsenic.

premise

n

전제

assumption

Because Jack had based his argument upon a faulty premise his opponent cheerfully pointed out the holes in his logic.

premonition

n

예고,징조,전조

forewarning

We ignored these premonitions of disaster because they appeared to be based on childish fears

premonitory

a

전조의, 예고의

serving to warn

You should have visited a doctor as soon as you felt tjese premonitory chest pains.

preponderance

n

우월함,우세

superiority of power, puanity, etc

The rebels soight to overcome the preponderance of strength of the goverment forces by engaging in guerrilla tactics.

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preposterous

a

터무니 없는, 비정상의

absurd;ridiculous

The excuse he gave for his lateness was so preposterous that everyone laughed.

prerogative

n

특권

privilege

The president cannot levy taxes; that is the prerogative of the legislative branch of government

presage

v

예고하다.예언하다

foretell

The vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of thr corpse in ghe desert

prescience

n

예지,통찰,선견지명

ability to foretell the future

Given the current wave of Japan-bashing, it does not take prescience for me to foresee problems in our future trade relations with Japan

presentiment

n

예감, 육감

premonition

Hamlet felt a presentiment about his meeting with Laertes

prestige

n

명성,신망

impression produced by achievements or reputation

The wealthy man sought to obtain social prestige by contributing to popular charities

presumptuous

a

주제넘은, 뻔뻔스러운

arrogant, taking too much for granted

It seems presumptuous for one so relatively new to the field to challenge the conclusions of its leading experts.

pretentious

a

허세부리는, 거드름피우는

ostentatious, affected

I do not feel that your limited resources will permit you to carry out soch a pretentious program

preternatural

a

초자연적인,이상한

beyond that which is normal in nature; supernatural, supermundane

John's mother's total ability to tell when he was lying struck him as almost preternatural.

pretext

n

구실, 그럴싸한 핑계, 변명, 해명

excuse

He looked for a good pretext to get out of paying a visit to his aunt.

prevail

v

설득하다, 잘 유도하다(권유하다); 승리하다, 우승하다

induce; triumph over

He tried to prevail on her to type his essay for him.

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prevalent

a

널리 퍼진, 유행하고 있는, 일반적인; 우세한, 주된

widespread; generally accepted

A radical committed to social change, Reed had no patience with the conservative views prevalent in the American of his day.

prevaricate

v

거짓말을 하다, 어물어물 넘기다, 얼버무리다, 속이다

lie

Some people believe that to prevaricate in a good cause is justifiable and regard the statement as a "white lie."

prey

n

먹이; 희생, 밥

target of a hunt; victim

In Staling the Wild Asparagus, Euell Gibbons has as his prey not wild beasts but wild plants.

prim

a

꼼꼼한, 형식에 치우치는; 점잔빼는

very precise and formal; exceedingly proper

Many people commented on the contrast between the prim attire of the young lady and the inappropriate clothing worn by her escort.

primogeniture

n

장자임; 장자 상속권

seniority by birth

By virtue of primogeniture, in some cultures the first-born child has many privileges denied his brothers and sisters.

primordial

a

최초의, 초기의; 원시의; 근본적인

existing at the beginning (of time); rudimentary

The Neanderthal Man is one of our primordial ancestors.

primp

v

말쑥하게 차려입다, 맵시내다; 깔끔하게 옷치장하다

dress or groom oneself with care

She primps for hours before a dance.

pristine

a

원래의, 원시 시대의; 소박한, 오염되지 않은

characteristic of earlier times; primitive, unspoiled

This area has been preserved in all its pristine wildness.

privation

n

궁핍; 부자유, 고난

hardship; want

In his youth, he knew hunger and privation.

privy

a

비밀의, 숨은; 내밀히 관여하는

secret; hidden; not public

We do not care for privy chamber government.

probe

v

엄밀히 조사하다, 탐색하다

explore with tools

The surgeon probed the wound for foreign matter before suturing it.

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probity

n

청렴, 성실, 결백

probity

uprightness; incorruptibility

problematic

a

문제의, 의문의, 의심스러운; 결정하기 어려운, 미정의

perplexing; unsettled

proclivity

n

성벽, 기질, 경향

inclination; natural tendency

The cross old lady has a proclivity grumble.

procrastinate

v

꾸물거리다, 질질 끌다, 연기하다

postpone; delay

It is wise not to procrastinate; otherwise, we find ourselves bogged down in a mass of work that should have been finished long ago.

procurement

n

입수, 획득, 달성; 처리; 주선

obtaining

The personnel department handles the procurement of new employees.

prod

v

찌르다, 쑤시다; 자극하다, 일깨우다

poke; stir up; urge

If you prod him hard enough, he'll eventually clean his room.

prodigal

a

낭비하는, 방탕한, 아까운 줄 모르는

wasteful; reckless with money

The prodigal son squandered his inheritance.

prodigious

a

거대한, 막대한, 엄청난; 경이적인, 비상한

enormous; marvelous

He marveled at her prodigious appetite when he saw alt the food she ate.

prodigy

n

천재, 신동; 놀라운 일, 기이한 현상, 괴이한 것

highly gifted child; marvel

Menuhin was a prodigy, performing wonders on his violin when he was barely eight years old.

profane

v

(신성을)더럽히다, 모독하다; 오용하다

violate, desecrate

profligate

a

방탕한, 난봉의, 탕진하는

dissipated; wasteful; licentious

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profound

a

(학문, 사상이)깊은, 조예가 깊은; (의미가)난해한

deep; not superficial; complete

profusion

n

통이 큼, 낭비, 사치; 풍부, 풍요

lavish expenditure; overabundant condition

Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such profusion as at the wedding feast.

progenitor

n

조상, 선조; 창시자, 선구자

ancestor

The Roth family, whose progenitors emigrated from Germany early in the nineteenth century, settled in Peru. Illinois.

progeny

n

자손, 자식; 결과, 소산

children; offspring

He was proud of his progeny but regarded George as the most promising of all his children.

prognosis

n

(의학)예후; 예지, 예측

forecasted course of a disease; prediction

prognosticate

v

미리 알다, 예언하다, 징후를 보이다

predict

I prognosticate disaster unless we change our wasteful ways.

projectile

n

투사물, 사출물, 투사체

missile

Man has always hurled projectiles at his enemy whether in the form of stones or of highly explosive shells.

proletarian

a

무산 계급(의), 프롤레타리아(의)

member of the working class

The aristocrats feared mob rule and gave the right to vote only to the wealthy, thus depriving the proletarians of a voice in government.

proliferate

v

급격히 증가하다; 증식하다, 번식하다

grow rapidly; spread; multiply

Times of economic hardship inevitably encourage countless get-rich-quick schemes to proliferate.

prolific

a

다산의, 열매를 많이 맺는; 비옥한, 기름진

abundantly fruitful

She was a prolific writer who produced as many as three books a year.

prolix

a

장황한, 지루한

verbose; drawn out

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prolong

v

늘이다, 길게 하다; 연장하다

extend; draw out; lengthen

prominent

a

두드러진, 현저한

conspicuous; notable; protruding

promiscuous

a

난잡한, 혼잡한, 무차별한

mixed indiscriminately, haphazard; irregular, particularly sexually

In the opera La Boheme, we get a picture of the promiscuous life led by the young artists of Paris.

promontory

n

갑, 곶; 돌기, 융기

headland

They erected a lighthouse on the promontory to warn approaching ships of their nearness to the shore.

prompt

v

자극하다, 재촉하다; 유발하다

cause; provoke; provide a cue for an actor

promulgate

v

발표하다, 공표하다; 널리 펴다, 선전하다, 보급하다

make known by official proclamation or publication

As soon as the Civil Service Commission promulgates the names of the successful candidates, we shall begin to hire members of our staff.

prone

a

(∼의)경향이 있는, ∼하기 쉬운; 납작 엎드린; 가파른, 경사진

inclined to; prostrate

She was prone to sudden fits of anger.

propagate

v

번식하다, 증식하다; 전달하다, 전하다

multiply; spread

Since bacteria propagate more quickly in unsanitary environments, it is important to keep hospital rooms clean.

propellants

n

추진체, 추진시키는 것

substance that propels or drives forward

The development of our missile program has forced our scientists to seek more powerful propellants.

propensity

n

경향, 성질, 성향, 성벽

natural inclination

Convinced of his own talent, Sol has an unfortunate propensity to belittle the talents of others.

prophetic

a

예언의, 예언하는, 전조가 되는

having to do with predicting the future

In interpreting Pharaoh's prophetic dream, Joseph said that the seven fat cows eaten by the seven lean cows represented seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine.

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prophylactic

a

<병을>예방하는

used to prevent disease

Despite all prophylactic measures introduced by the authorities, the epidemic raged until cool weather set in.

propinquity

n

근접; 근친

nearness; kinship

Their relationship could not be explained as being based on mere propinquity.

propitiate

v

달래다

appease

The natives offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods.

propitious

a

호의를 가진; 친절한

favorable; kindly

I think it is advisable that we wait for a more propitious occasion to announce our plans.

proponent

n

변호자

person who supports or proposes(an idea)

After the bill had been amended and re-amended in committee, even its original proponents didn't want to vote in its favor.

propound

v

제안하다

put forth for analysis

In your discussion, you have propounded several questions; let us consider each one separately.

propriety

n

적절; 타당

fitness; correct conduct

I want you to behave at this dinner with propriety; don't embarrass me.

propulsive

a

추진하는

driving forward

The jet plane has a greater propulsive power than the engine-driven plane.

prosaic

a

평범한; 재미없는

commonplace; dull

I do not like this author because he is so unimaginative and prosaic.

proscenium

n

무대의 앞부분

part of stage in front of curtain

In the theater in-the-round there can be no proscenium or proscenium arch.

proscribe

v

배척하다; 추방하다; 박탈하다

ostracize; banish; outlaw

Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus proscribed all those who had conspired against julius Caesar.

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proselytize

v

개종시키다

convert to a religion or belief

In these interfaith meetings, there must be no attempt to proselytize.

prosody

n

작시법

the art of versification

This book on prosody contains a rhyming dictionary as well as samples of the various verse forms.

prostrate

v

엎드리게하다

stretch out full on ground

He prostrated himself before the idol.

protean

a

다재한; 다양성 있는

versatile; able to take on many shapes

A remarkably protean actor, Alec Guinness could take on any role.

protege

n

피보호자

person under the protection and support of a patron

Cyrano de Bergerac refused to be a protege of Cardinal Richelieu.

protocol

n

<외교상의>의례

diplomatic etiquette

We must run this state dinner according to protocol if we are to avoid offending any of our guests.

prototype

n

기본형

original work used as a model by others

The crude typewriter on display in this museum is the prototype of the elaborate machines in use today.

protract

v

연장하다

prolong

Do not protract this phone conversaton as I expect an important business call within the next few minutes.

protrude

v

내밀다

stick out

His fingers protruded from the holes in his gloves.

provenance

n

기원

origin or source of something

I am not interested in its provenance; I am more concerned with its usefulness than with its source.

provender

n

여물; 사료

dry food; fodder

I am not afraid of a severe winter because I have stored a large quantity of provender for the cattle.

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provident

a

선견지명이 있는; 검약한; 절약하는

displaying foresight; thrifty; preparing for emergencies

In his usual provident manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss.

provincial

a

지방의; 편협한

pertaining to a province; limited

We have to overcome their provincial attitude and get them to become more cogizant of world problems.

provisional

a

일시적인

tentative

The appointment is provisional; only on the approval of the board of directors will it be made permanent.

proviso

n

조항, 부칙

stipulation

I am ready to accept your proposal with the proviso that you meet your obligations within the next two weeks.

provoke

v

화나게 하다; 불러 일으키다

stir to anger; cause retaliation

In order to pervent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must not provoke our foe.

proximity

n

근접

nearness

The deer sensed the hunter's proximity and bounded away.

proxy

n

대리인

authorized agent

Please act as my proxy and vote for this slate of candidates in my absence.

prude

n

얌전한 체하는 여자

excessively modest person

The X-rated film was definitely not for prudes.

prudent

a

조심성있는; 신중한

cautious; careful

A miser hoards money not because he is prudent but because he is greedy.

prune

v

<소용없는 가지를>치다; 간결하게 하다

cut away; trim

With the help of her editor, she was able to prune her manuscript into pulbishable form.

prurient

a

호색의

based on lascivious thoughts

The police attempted to close the theater where the prurient film was being presented.

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pseudonym

n

필명

pen name

Samuel Clemen's pseudonym was Mark Twain.

psyche

n

영혼; 정신

soul; mind

It is difficult to delve into the psyche of a human being.

psychiatrist

n

정신병 의사

a doctor who treats mental diseases

A psychiatrist often needs long conferences with his patient before a diagnosis can be made.

psychopathic

a

정신병의

pertaining to mental derangement

The psychopathic patient suffers more frequently from a disorder of the nervous system than from a diseased brain.

psychosis

n

정신 이상

mental disorder

We must endeavor to find an outlet for the patients repressed desires if we hope to combat this psychosis.

pterodactyl

n

익수룡

extinct flying reptile

The remains of pterodactyls indicate that these flying reptiles had a wingspan of as much as twenty feet.

puerile

a

어린 아이같은

childish

His puerile pranks sometimes of fended his more mature friends.

pugilist

n

<프로>복서

boxer

The famous pugilist Cassius Clay changed his name to Muhammed Ali.

pugnacious

a

싸움하기 좋아하는

combative; disposed to fight

As a child he was pugnacious and fought with everyone.

puissant

a

권력있는; 힘센; 유력한

powerful; strong; potent

We must keep his friendship for he will make a puissant ally.

pulchritude

n

아름다움; 단정함

beauty; comeliness

I do not envy the judges who have to select this year's Miss America from this collection of female pulchritude.

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pulmonary

a

폐의

pertaining to the lungs

In his researches on pulmonary diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings.

pulsate

v

<맥 등이>뛰다

throb

We could see the blood vessels in his temple pulsate as he became more angry.

pummel

v

때리다

beat

The severity with which he was pummeled was indicated by the bruises he displayed on his head and face.

punctilious

a

격식을 차리는; 딱딱한; 꼼꼼한

laying stress on niceties of conduct, form; precise

We must be punctilious in our planing of this affair, for any error may be regarded as a personal affront.

pundit

n

인도의 석학; 현자; 권위자

learned Hindu; any learned man; authority on a subject

Even though he discourses on the matter like a pundit, he is actually rather ignorant about this topic.

pungency

n

날까로움; 자극

sharpness; stinging quality

The pungency of the cigarette smoke made me cough.

punitive

a

벌의

punishing

He asked for punitive measures against the offender.

purblind

a

시력이 흐린; 우둔한

dim-sighted; obtuse

In his purblind condition, he could not identify the people he saw.

purchase

n

지레 장치; 받침점

firm grasp or footing

The mountaineer struggled to get a proper purchase on the slippery rock.

purgatory

n

영혼의 정화, 연옥, 정죄의 장소; 일시적인 고난(징벌)의 장소

place of spiritual expiation

In this purgatory, he could expect no help from his comrades.

purge

v

깨끗이 하다, 씻다, 일소하다, 숙청하다

clean by removing impurities; clear of charges

If you are to be purged of the charge of contempt of Congress, you must be willing to answer the questions previously asked.

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purport

n

의도, 목적; 의미, 취지

intention; meaning

If the purport of your speech was to arouse the rabble, you succeeded admirably.

purveyor

n

조달업자, 식품 대는 상인, 조달인

furnisher of foodstuffs; caterer

As purveyor of rare wines and viands, he traveled through France and Italy every year in search of new products to sell.

pusillanimous

a

무기력한, 나약한, 소심한

cowardly; fainthearted

You should be ashamed of your pusillanimous conduct during this dispute.

putative

a

추정의, 추정되고 있는, 소문에 들리는

supposed; reputed

Although there are some doubts, the putative author of this work is Massinger.

putrid

a

부패한, 악취가 나는, 더러운, 타락한

foul; rotten; decayed

The gangrenous condition of the wound was indicated by the putrid smell when the bandages were removed.

pyromaniac

n

방화광

person with an insane desire to set things on fire

The detectives searched the area for the pyromaniac who had set these costly fires.

quack

n

가짜 의사; 사기꾼, 협잡꾼

charlatan; impostor

Do not be misled by the exorbitant claims of this quack, he cannot cure you.

quadruped

n

네 발 동물(보통 포유동물)

four-footed animal

Most mammals are quadrupeds.

quaff

v

벌컥벌컥 마시다, 단숨에 마시다

drink with relish

As we quaffed our ale, we listened to the gay songs of the students in the tavern.

quagmire

n

수렁, 진창, 습지; 진퇴유곡의 곤경

soft, wet, boggy land; complex or dangerous situation from which it is difficult to free oneself

Up to her knees in mud, Myra wondered how on earth she was going to extricate herself from this quagmire.

quail

v

풀이 죽다, 겁먹다, 의기소침하다

cower; lose heart

He was afraid that he would quail in the face of danger.

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quaint

a

별스러워 재미있는, 진기한; 예스럽고 아취있는

odd; old-fashioned; picturesque

Her quaint clothes and old-fashioned language marked her as an eccentric.

qualified

a

제한된, 한정된; 적격의, 안성맞춤의, 자격 있는

limited; restricted

Unable to give the candidate full support, the mayor gave him only a qualified endorsement.

qualms

n

불안, 걱정; 양심의 가책; 현기증, 메스꺼움

misgivings

His qualms of conscience had become so great that he decided to abandon his plans.

quandary

n

난처한 처지, 곤경, 궁지

dilemma

When the two colleges to which he had applied accepted him, he was in a quandary as to which one he should attend.

quarantine

n

격리; 교통 차단

isolation of a person, place, or ship to prevent spread of infection

We will have to place this house under quarantine until we determine the exact nature of the disease.

quarry

n

사냥감; 추구하는 것; 복수의 대상

victim; object of a hunt

The police closed in on their quarry.

quarry

v

(돌)을 잘라내다; ∼을 애써 찾아내다

dig into

They quarried blocks of marble out of the hillside.

quash

v

(완전히)누르다, 진압하다, 진정시키다

subdue; crush; squash

The authorities acted quickly to quash the student rebellion, sending in tanks to cow the demonstrators.

quay

n

선창, 부두

dock; landing place

Because of the captain's carelessness, the ship crashed into the quay.

queasy

a

구역질나는, 역겨운; 불쾌한

easily nauseated; squeamish

As the ship left the harbor, he became queasy and thought that he was going to suffer from seasickness.

quell

v

가라앉히다, 진압하다, 억누르다

put down; quiet

The police used fire hoses and tear gas to quell the rioters.

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querulous

a

불평을 하는, 흠잡는, 투덜거리는

fretful; whining

His classmates were repelled by his querulous and complaining statements.

queue

n

(차례를 기다리는 사람, 차 따위의)줄

line

They stood patiently in the queue outside the movie theatre.

quibble

v

둔사(핑계)하다, 모호한 말을 하다, 익살부리다; 생트집을 잡다

equivocate; play on words

Do not quibble, Iwant a straightforward and definite answer.

quiescent

a

정지한, 무활동의, 조용한; 침묵의

at rest; dormant

quietude

n

고요, 평온, 정적

tranquillity

He was impressed by the air of quietude an6 peace that pervaded the valley.

quintessence

n

본질, 정수, 본체

purest and highest embodiment

Noel Coward displayed the quintessence of wit.

quip

n

경구, 쏘는 말; 핑계, 구실

taunt

You are unpopular because you are too free with your quips and sarcastic comments.

quirk

n

변덕, 변절; 궤변, 핑계, 경구, 재담

startling twist; caprice

By a quirk of fate, he found himself working for the man whom he had discharged years before.

quisling

n

매국노, 배신자

traitor who aids invaders

In his conquest of Europe, Hitler was aided by the quislings who betrayed their own people and served in the puppet governments established by the Nazis.

quiver

n

화살통

case for arrows

Robin Hood reached back and plucked one last arrow from his quiver.

quixotic

a

돈키호테 식의, 공상에 미친, 비실행적인

idealistic but impractical

His head is in the clouds; he is constantly presenting these quixotic schemes.

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quizzical

a

익살스런, 조롱하는, 기묘한, 우스운

bantering; comical; humorously serious

I Rogers' quizzical remarks endeared him to his audiences.

quorum

n

정족수(定足數)

number of members necessary to conduct a meeting

The senator asked for a roll call to determine tether a quorum was present.

quotidian

a

일상적인; 진부한; 평범한

daily; commonplace; customary

To Philip, each new day of his internship was filled with excitement; he could not dismiss his rounds as merely quotidian routine.

rabid

a

맹렬한, 미친 듯한, 열렬한, 광포한

like a fanatic; furious

He was a rabid follower of the Dodgers and watched them play whenever he could go the ball park.

raconteur

n

이야기꾼, 이야기를 구수하게 잘 하는 사람

story-teller

My father was a gifted raconteur with an unlimited supply of anecdotes.

ragamuffin

n

누더기 옷을 걸친 추레한 사람, 부랑아

person wearing tattered clothes

He felt sorry for the ragamuffin who was begging for food and gave him money to buy a meal.

rail

v

욕하다, 악담하다, 비웃다

scold; rant

You may rail a{ him all you want; you will never change him.

raiment

n

의상, 의복

clothing

How can I go to the ball? asked Cinderella. "I have no raiment to wear."

rakish

a

멋진, 스마트한

stylish; sporty

ramble

v

산책하다, 어슬렁거리다; 두서없이 이야기하다

wander aimlessly (physically or mentally)

Listening to the teacher ramble, Judy wondered whether he'd ever get to his point.

ramification

n

분파, 갈래, 소구분; 결과, 추이

branching out; subdivision

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ramify

v

가지를 펴다, 갈라지다, 분화하다

divide into branches or subdivisions

When the plant begins to ramify, it is advisable to nip off most of the new branches.

ramp

n

(건물의 각부의 연결하는)경사로, 비탈길

slope; inclined plane

The house was built with ramps instead of stairs in order to enable the man in the wheelchair to move easily from room to room and floor to floor.

rampant

a

마구 퍼지는, 만연하는; 분방한; 맹렬한, 사나운

rearing up on hind legs; unrestrained

The rampant weeds in the garden killed all the flowers that had been planted in the spring.

rampart

n

성벽, 성벽과 같은 방어물

defensive mound of earth

From the ramparts we watched as the fighting continued.

ramshackle

a

덜커덩거리는, 흔들흔들하는, 무너질 듯한

rickety; falling apart

The boys propped up the ramshackle clubhouse with a couple of boards.

rancid

a

썩은 냄새가 나는, 불쾌한, 역한

having the odor of state fat

A rancid odor filled the ship's galley and nauseated the crew.

rancor

n

원한, 앙심, 신랄함

bitterness; hatred

Let us forget our rancor and cooperate in this new endeavor.

random

a

임의의; 닥치는 대로의, 되는 대로의

without definite purpose, plan, or aim; haphazard

Although the sponsor of the raffle claimed all winners were chosen at random, people had their suspicions when the grand prize went to the sponsor's brother-in-law.

rankle

v

괴롭히다; 신경질 나게 하다

irritate; fester

The memory of having been jilted rankled him for years.

rant

v

고함치다, 폭언하다, 호언장담하다, 열광적으로 설교하다

rave; speak bombastically

As we heard him rant on the platform, we could not understand his strange popularity with many people.

rapacious

a

강탈하는; 욕심 많은, 게걸스러운, 탐욕스러운; 포육성의

excessively grasping; plundering

Hawks and other rapacious birds prey on a variety of small animals.

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rapport

n

(조화적, 공감적)관계, 접촉

emotional closeness; harmony

In team teaching, it is important that all teachers in the group have good rapport with one another.

rarefied

a

희박한, 순화된, 정화한

made less dense [of a gas]

The mountain climbers had difficulty breathing in the rarefied atmosphere.

raspy

a

성마른, 짜증나는

grating; harsh

The sergeant's raspy voice grated on the recruits' ears.

ratify

v

(조약 따위)를 비준하다, 재가하다; 확인하다

approve formally; verify

ratiocination

n

추리, 추론

reasoning; act of drawing conclusions from premises

rationalization

n

합리화, 합리적 상태

bringing into conformity with reason

All attempts at rationalization at this time are doomed to failure; tempers and emotions run too high for intelligent thought to prevail.

rationalize

v

합리화하다, 합리적으로 생각하다(설명하다)

reason; justify an improper act

Do not try to rationalize your behavior by blaming your companions.

raucous

a

목쉰, 귀에 거슬리는

harsh and shrill

His raucous laughter irritated me and grated on my ears.

ravage

v

약탈하다, 황폐시키다

plunder; despoil

The marauding army ravaged the countryside.

rave

v

열심히 이야기하다(설명하다); 격찬하다; 헛소리하다

overwhelmingly favorable review

Though critic John Simon seldom has a good word to say about contemporary plays, his review of All in the Timing was a total rave.

ravel

v

얽히게 하다, 엉클다; 분규 시키다, 혼란케 하다; (편물, 밧줄을)풀다; (의문을)명백히 하다

fall apart into tangles; unravel or untwist; entangle

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ravenous

a

게걸스럽게 먹는, 몹시 굶주린, 탐욕스러운

extremely hungry

The ravenous dog upset several garbage pails in its search for food.

ravine

n

계곡, 협곡, 두메, 산골짜기

narrow valley with steep sides

Steeper than a gully, less precipitous than a canyon, a ravine is, like them, the product of years of erosion.

raze

v

완전히 파괴하다, 무너뜨리다; (기억 따위를)지우다, 없애다

destroy completely

The owners intend to raze the hotel and erect an office building on the site.

reactionary

a

반동의, 반발하는, 반동적인, 되돌아가는, 복고주의

recoiling from progress; retrograde

His program was reactionary since it sought to abolish many of the social reforms instituted by the previous administration.

realm

n

왕국, 국토; 범위, 영역

kingdom; sphere

The realm of possibilities for the new invention was endless.

reaper

n

수확기; 수확자

one who harvests grain

Death, the Grim Reaper, cuts down mortal men and women, just as a farmer cuts down the ripened grain.

rebate

n

할인, 감액

discount

We offer a rebate of ten percent to those who pay cash.

rebuff

v

저지하다, 격퇴하다; 좌절시키다

snub; beat back

She rebuffed his invitation so smoothly that he did not realize he had been snubbed..

rebus

n

수수께끼 그림

puzzle in which pictures stand for words

A coven of witches beside a tree is a possible rebus for the town Coventry.

rebuttal

n

반박, 논박, 항변

refutation; response with contrary evidence

The defense lawyer confidently listened to the prosecutor sum up his case, sure that she could answer his arguments in her rebuttal.

recalcitrant

a

반항(저항)하는, 반대하는, 고집센

obstinately stubborn

Donkeys are reputed to be the most recalcitrant of animals.

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recant

v

바꾸다, 취소하다, 철회하다

repudiate; withdraw previous statement

recapitulate

v

요약하다, 요점만 다시 한번 설명하다

summarize

Let us recapitulate what has been said thus far before going ahead.

receptive

a

<사상, 인상 등을>잘 받아들이는

quick or willing to receive ideas, suggestions, etc.

Adventure-loving Huck Finn proved a receptive audience for Tom's tales of buried treasure and piracy.

recession

n

후퇴; 퇴각

withdrawal; retreat

The recession of the troops from the combat area was completed in an orderly manner.

recipient

n

수납자

receiver

Although he had been the recipient of many favors, he was not grateful to his benefactor.

reciprocal

a

상호간의; 호혜적인; 상반하는

mutual; exchangleable; interacting

The two nations signed a reciprocal trade agreement.

reciprocate

v

대응하다

repay in kind

If they attack us, we shall be compelled to reciprocate and bomb their territory.

recluse

n

은둔자

hermit

The recluse lived in a hut in the forest.

reconcile

v

화해시키다; 조화시키다

make friendly after quarrel; correct inconsistencies

Each month we reconcile our checkbook with the bank statement.

recondite

a

심오한; 난해한; 알기어려운

abstruse; profound; secret

He read many recondite our checkbook with the bank statement.

recourse

n

의지

resorting to help when in trouble

The boy's only recourse was to appeal to his father for aid.

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recreant

n

겁장이; 배반자

coward; betrayer of faith

The religious people ostracized the recreant who had abandoned their faith.

recrimination

n

반소

countercharges

Loud and angry recriminations were her answer to his accusations.

recrudescence

n

재발

reopening of a wound or sore

Keep this wound bandaged until it has completely healed to prevent its recrudescence.

rectify

v

교정하다

correct

I want to rectify my error before it is too late.

rectitude

n

정직

uprightness

He was renowned for his rectitude and integrity.

recuperate

v

회복하다

recover

The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.

recurrent

a

재발하는

occuring again and again

These recurrent attacks disturbed us and we consulted a physician.

recusant

n

복종을 거부하는 사람; 영국 국교를 기피하는 사람

person who refuses to comply; applied specifically to those who refused to attend Anglican ser

In that religious community, the recusant was shunned as a pariah.

redolent

a

좋은 냄새가 나는; 행기나는; 암시하는

fragrant; odorous; suggestive of an odor

Even though it is February, the air is redolent of spring.

redoubtable

a

외경스러운; 무서운

formidable; causing fear

The neighboring countries tried not to offend the Russians because they could be redoubltable foes.

redress

n

시정; 보상

remedy; compensation

Do you mean to tell me that I can get no redress for my injuries?

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redundant

a

과다한; 여분의; 반복성의

superfluous; excessively wordy; repetitious

Your composition is redundant; you can esaily reduce its lenth.

reek

v

악취를 풍기다

emit(odor)

The room reeked with stale toabcco smoke.

refection

n

기분전환

slight refreshment

Despite our hunger, we stopped on the road for only a quick refection.

refectory

n

휴게실

dining hall

In this huge refectory, we can feed the entire student body at one sitting.

refraction

n

굴절

bending of a ray of light

When you look at a stick inserted in water, it looks bent because of the refraction of the light by the water.

refractory

a

완고한; 감당할 수 없는

stubborn; unmanageable

The refractory horse was eliminated from the race when he refused to obey the jockey.

refurbish

v

일신하다; 다시 닦다

renovate; make bright by polishing

The flood left a deposit of mud on everything; it was necessary to refurbish our belongings.

refutation

n

논박

disproof of opponents' arguments

I will wait until I hear the refutation before deciding whom to favor.

refute

v

논박하다

disprove

The defense called several respectable witnesses who were able to refute the false testimony of the prosecution's only witness.

regal

a

제왕의

royal

Prince Albert had a regal manner.

regale

v

환대하다

entertain

John regaled us with tales of his adventures in Africa.

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regatta

n

보트 레이스

boat or yacht race

Many boating enthusiasts followed the regatta in their own yachts.

regeneration

n

갱생; 재탄생; 재생산

spiritual rebirth

Modern penologists strive for the regeneration of the prisoners.

regicide

n

시해 (왕을 죽임)

murder of a king or queen

The death of Mary Queen of Scots was an act of regicide.

regime

n

제도; 정권

method or system of government

When a Frenchman mentions the Old Regime, he refers to the government existing before the revolution.

regimen

n

식사 요법, 운동 요법

prescribed diet and habits

I doubt whether the results warrant our living under such a strict regimen.

rehabilitate

v

원상으로 회복시키다

restore to proper condition

We must rehabilitate those whom we send to prison.

reimburse

v

상환하다

repay

Let me know what you have spent and I will reimburse you.

reiterate

v

되풀이하다

repeat

I shall reiterate this message until all have understood it.

rejuvenate

v

다시 젊어지게 하다

make young again

The charlatan claimed that his elixir would rejuvenate the aged and weary.

relegate

v

내쫓다; 좌천시키다

banish; consign to inferior position

If we relegate these experienced people to positions of unimportance because of their political persuasions, we shall lose the services of valuably trained personnel.

relevancy

n

적절; 관련

pertinence; reference to the case in hand

I was impressed by the relevancy of your remarks.

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relinquish

v

그만두다

abandon

I will relinquish my claims to this property if you promise to retain my employees.

relish

n

맛; 흥미

savor; enjoy

I relish a good joke as much as anyone else.

remediable

a

치료할 수 있는

reparable

Let us be grateful that the damage is remediable.

remedial

a

치료하는; 교정하는

curative; corrective

Because he was a slow reader, he decided to take a course in remedial reading.

reminiscence

n

회상

recollection

Her reminiscences of her experiences are so fascinating that she ought to write a book.

remiss

a

태만한

negligent

He was accused of being remiss in his duty when the prisoner escaped.

remnant

n

나머지

remainder

I suggest that you wait until the store places the remnants of these goods on sale.

remonstrate

v

항의하다

protest

I must remonstrate about the lack of police protection in this area.

remorse

n

가책; 후회

quilt; self-reproach

The murderer felt no remorse for his crime.

remunerative

a

보수가 있는, 유리한, 수지맞는

compensating; rewarding

I find my new work so remunerative that I may not return to my previous employment.

rend

v

째다, 잡아찢다, 약탈하다

spilt; tear apart

In his grief, he tried to rend his garments.

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render

v

전달하다; 제공하다; 표현하다

deliver; provide; represent

He rendered aid to the needy and indigent.

rendezvous

n

회합, 집합(장소)

meeting place

The two fleets met at the rendezvous at the appointed time.

rendition

n

번역, 연주, 연출

translation; artistic interpretation of a song

The audience cheered enthusiastically as she completed her rendition of the aria.

renegade

n

배신자, 탈당자

deserter; traitor

Because he had abandoned his post and joined forces with the Indians, his fellow officers considered the hero of Dances with Wolves a renegade.

renege

v

부정하다, 부인하다; 약속을 어기다

deny; go back on

He reneged on paying off his debt.

renounce

v

포기하다, 기권하다, 그만두다, 단념하다

abandon; disown; repudiate

renovate

v

새롭게 하다; 수선하다; 원기를 회복하다

restore to good condition; renew

They claim that they can renovate worn shoes so that they look like new ones.

renown

n

명성, 고명

fame

For many years an unheralded researcher, Barbara McClintock gained international renown when she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.

rent

n

(천, 옷의)째진 곳, 터진 곳; (바위, 지면의)갈라진 틈; (단체의)분열, 불화

tear or rip; split

The conflict over abortion threatens to split our nation, creating a rent in the social fabric that will be difficult to mend.

reparable

a

수선할 수 있는; 회복될 수 있는; 보상(배상)할 수 있는

capable of being repaired

Fortunately, the damages we suffered in the accident were reparable and our car looks brand new.

reparation

n

보상, 배상; 수리; 회복; (pl.)배상금; 수선비

amends; compensation

At the peace conference, the defeated country promised to pay reparations to the victors.

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repartee

n

재치 있는 응답, 명답

clever reply

He was famous for his witty repartee and his sarcasm.

repeal

v

취소하다, 철회하다, 파기하다, 폐지하다

revoke; annul

repellent

a

쫓아버리는, 거절하는; 불쾌한, 싫은

driving away; unattractive

repercussion

n

반동, 반응, 반발, (간접적)영향

rebound; reverberation; reaction

repertoire

n

레퍼토리, 상연 목록, 연주 목록

list of works of music, drama, etc., a performer is prepared to present

The opera company decided to include Madame Butterfly in its repertoire for the following season.

repine

v

투덜거리다, 불평하다

fret; complain

There is no sense repining over the work you have left undone.

replenish

v

다시 채우다, 계속해서 대다, 새로 보충하다

fill up again

Before she could take another backpacking trip, Caria had to replenish her stock of freeze-dried foods.

replete

a

충만한, 충분히 갖춘; 실컷 먹은

filled to capacity; abundantly supplied

This book is replete with humorous situations.

replica

n

원작의 복사, 모사

copy

Are you going to hang this replica of the Declaration of Independence in the classroom or in the auditorium?

replicate

v

사본을 뜨다, 모사하다

reproduce; duplicate

repository

n

저장소; 보고; 진열소; 박물관; 비밀을 털어놓을 수 있는 사람, 막역한 친구

storehouse

Libraries are repositories of the world's best thoughts.

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reprehensible

a

비난받을 만한, 괘씸한

deserving blame

Your vicious conduct in this situation is reprehensible.

repress

v

억누르다, 억제하다, 진압하다, 탄압하다

restrain; crush; oppress

Anne's parents tried to curb her impetuosity without repressing her boundless high spirits.

reprieve

n

집행 유예(특히 사형의); 일시적 경감(유예)

temporary stay

During the twenty-four-hour reprieve, the lawyers sought to make the stay of execution permanent.

reprimand

v

꾸짖다, 질책하다

reprove severely

I am afraid that my parents will reprimand me when I show them my report card.

reprisal

n

보복; 보복적 강탈

retaliation

I am confident that we are ready for any reprisals the enemy may undertake.

reprise

n

(pl.)연간 필요 경비, 부담금, 지불금; 재개; (음악)되풀이, 반복, 재현부

recurrent action; musical repetition; repeat performance

At Waterloo, it was not the effect of any one skirmish that exhausted Colonel Audley; rather, it was the cumulative effect of the constant reprises that left him spent.

reproach

n

비난, 질책; 비난의 말; 불명예, 치욕

blame, censure

reprobate

n

신에게 버림받은 사람; 무뢰한

person hardened in sin, devoid of a sense of decency

I cannot understand why he has so many admirers if he is the reprobate you say he is.

reprobation

n

비난, 질책; 배척

severe disapproval

The students showed their reprobation of his act by refusing to talk with him.

reprove

v

꾸짖다, 책망하다, 나무라다, 비난하다

censure; rebuke

The principal reproved the students when they became unruly in the auditorium.

repudiate

v

거절하다; 채무 이행을 거부하다; 이혼하다

disown; disavow

He announced that he would repudiate all debts incurred by his wife.

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repugnance

n

질색, 혐오, 반감; 모순

loathing

She looked at the snake with repugnance.

repulsion

n

격퇴, 거절; 역겨움, 혐오

act of driving back; distaste

The repulsion of the enemy forces was not accomplished bloodlessly; many of the defenders were wounded in driving the enemy back.

reputable

a

평판이 좋은, 이름 높은; 훌륭한, 존경할 만한

respectable

If you want to buy antiques, look for a reputable dealer; far too many dealers today pass off fakes as genuine antiques.

reputed

a

∼이라는 평판의, ∼라고 간주되고 있는; 유명한

supposed

He is the reputed father of the child, repute.

requiem

n

연미사; 진혼곡, 애가; 안식, 평안

mass for the dead, dirge

requisite

n

필수품, 필수 조건(요건)

necessary requirement

Many colleges state that a student must offer three years of a language as a requisite for admission.

requite

v

갚다, 보상(보답)하다; 앙갚음(보복)하다

repay; revenge

rescind

v

무효화시키다, 취소하다, 철폐하다

cancel; revoke; nullify

Because of public resentment, the king had to rescind his order.

reserve

n

자제력, 냉정

self-control; formal but distant manner

Although some girls were attracted by Mark's reserve, Judy was put off by it, for she felt his aloofness indicated a lack of openness.

residue

n

나머지

remainder; balance

In his will, he requested that after payment of debts, taxes, and funeral expenses, the residue be given to his wife.

resilient

a

되튀는; 곧 기운을 회복하는

elastic; having the power of springing back

Steel is highly resilient and therefore is used in the manufacture of springs.

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resolution

n

결의, 결심, 결단

determination

Nothing could shake his resolution to succeed despite all difficulties.

resolve

n

결심, 결의, 결단; 불굴의 의지

determination

Nothing could shake his resolve that his children would get the best education that money could buy.

resonant

a

공명하는, 반향하는, 울리는

echoing; resounding; deep and full in sound

The deep, resonant voice of the actor James Earl Jones makes him particularly effective when he appears on stage.

respiration

n

호흡

breathing; exhalation

The doctor found that the patient's years of smoking had adversely affected both his lung capacity and his rate of respiration.

respite

n

일시적 중지, 유예, 연기

delay in punishment; interval of relief; rest

The judge granted the condemned man a respite to enable his attorneys to file an appeal.

resplendent

a

빛나는, 눈부신, 현란한

brilliant; lustrous

The toreador wore a resplendent costume called a suit of lights.

responsiveness

n

응답, 반응; 민감함

state of reacting readily to appeals, orders, etc

The audience cheered and applauded, delighting the performers by its responsiveness.

restitution

n

반환, 상환; 손해 배상; 회복; 복구

reparation; indemnification

He offered to make restitution for the window broken by his son.

restive

a

다루기 힘든, 반항적인; 침착지 못한, 안절부절 못하는

restlessly impatient; obstinately resisting control

Waiting impatiently in line to see Santa Claus, even the best-behaved children grow restive and start to fidget.

restraint

n

억제, 제지; 구속하는 것, 방해가 되는 것; (활동 따위의)제한

controlling force

She dreamt of living an independent life, free of all restraints.

resumption

n

재개, 속행; 회수, 회복, 재취득

taking up again; recommencement

During the summer break, Don had not realized how much he missed university life

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resurgent

a

소생하는, 다시 일어서는, 재기하는

rising again after defeat, etc

The resurgent nation surprised everyone by its quick recovery after total defeat.

resuscitate

v

소생시키다; 부흥하다, 부활시키다

revive

The lifeguard tried to resuscitate the drowned child by applying artificial respiration.

retaliate

v

보복하다, 앙갚음하다; 응수하다

repay in kind(usually for bad treatment)

Fear that we will retaliate immediately deters our foe from attacking us.

retentive

a

유지하는, 유지력이 있는; 기억력이 좋은

holding; having a good memory

The pupil did not need to spend much time in study as he had a retentive mind.

reticent

a

말이 없는, 말이적은; 조심하는, 삼가는

reserved; uncommunicative; inclined to silence

Hughes preferred reticent employees to loquacious ones, noting that the formers' dislike of idle chatter might ensure their discretion about his affairs.

retinue

n

시종, 수행원

following; attendants

The queen's retinue followed her down the aisle.

retiring

a

내향적인, 삼가는; 수줍은

modest; shy

Given Susan's retiring personality, no one expected her to take up public speaking; surprisingly enough, she became a star of the school debate team.

retort

n

말대꾸, 앙갚음; 반박, 역습

quick, sharp reply

Even when it was advisable for her to keep her mouth shut, she was always ready with a retort.

retraction

n

취소, 철회; 오므르기

withdrawal

He dropped his libel suit after the newspaper published a retraction of its statement.

retrench

v

(비용, 경비)를 절약하다, 긴축하다, 줄이다

cut down; economize

If they were to be able to send their children to college, they would have to retrench.

retribution

n

보복, 징벌, 천벌, 응보

vengeance; compensation; punishment for offenses

The evangelist maintained that an angry deity vould exact retribution from the sinners.

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retrieve

v

만회(회수, 회복)하다; 구조하다; (사냥개가 잡은 짐승을)찾아가지고 오다

recover; find and bring in

The dog was intelligent and quickly learned to retrieve the game killed by the hunter.

retroactive

a

반동하는; 효력이 소급하는

taking effect before its enactment(as a law) or imposition(as a tax)

Because the new pension law was retroactive to the first of the year, even though Martha had retired in February she was eligible for the pension.

retrograde

v

후퇴하다, 역행하다, 퇴보하다

go backwards; degenerate

Instead of advancing, our civilization seems to have retrograded in ethics and culture.

retrospective

a

회고하는, 과거로 소급하는

looking back on the past

It is only when we become retrospective that we can appreciate the tremendous advances made during this century.

revelry

n

술 마시고 흥청거리기, 환락

boisterous merrymaking

New Year's Eve is a night of revelry.

reverberate

v

반향하다, 울려퍼지다

echo; resound

The entire valley reverberated with the sound of the church bells.

reverent

a

숭배하는, 공경하는

respectful

His reverent attitude was appropriate in a house of worship.

reverie

n

공상, 환상; 몽상, 망상

daydream; musing

He was awakened from his reverie by the teacher's question.

revile

v

비방하다, 욕하다

slander; vilify

He was avoided by all who feared that he would revile and abuse them if they displeased him.

revulsion

n

(감정 따위의)격변, 급변; 급격한 반동; 혐오, 반감

sudden violent change of feeling; negative reaction

Many people in this country who admired dictatorships underwent a revulsion when they realized what Hitler and Mussolini were trying to do.

rhapsodize

v

열광적으로 쓰다(말하다); 광상곡을 짓다

to speak or write in an exaggeratedly enthusiastic manner

She greatly enjoyed her Hawaiian vacation and rhapsodized about it for weeks.

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rhetoric

n

수사학, 웅변술; 미사 여구, 과장, 설득력

art of effective communication; insincere or grandiloquent language

All writers, by necessity, must be skilled in rhetoric.

ribald

a

더러운, 상스러운, 야비한

wanton; profane

He sang a ribald song that offended many of the more prudish listeners.

rider

n

부기, 부칙, 첨가서류

amendment or clause added to a legislative bill

Senator Foghorn said he would support Senator Filibuster's tax reform bill only if Filibuster agreed to add an antipollution reder to the bill.

rife

a

유행하는, 자자한; 매우 많은

abundant; current

In the face of the many rumors of scandal, which are rife at the moment, it is best to remain silent.

rift

n

갈라진 틈, 끊어진 틈

opening; break

The plane was lost in the stormy sky until the pilot saw the city through a rift in the clouds.

rig

v

(시장, 시세 따위를) 부정하게 조작하다, 부정수단으로 조정하다

fix or manipulate

The ward boss was able to rig the election by bribing people to stuff the ballot boxes with ballots marked in his candidate's favor.

rigid

a

딱딱한; 엄격한; 단단한

stiff and unyielding; strict; hard and unbending

By living with a man to whom she was not married, George Eliot broke Victorian society's most rigid rule of respectable behavior.

rigor

n

엄함, 엄격; 엄숙; 고됨, 고됨; (한서의) 혹독함

severity

Many settlers could not stand the rigors of the New England winters.

rile

v

화나게 하다, 약올리다, (불 따위를) 휘저어 흐리게 하다

vex; irritate; muddy

Red had a hair-trigger temper

rime

n

서리

white frost

The early morning dew had frozen and everything was covered with a thin coat of rime.

risible

a

웃음의, 우스꽝수러운

inclined to laugh; ludicrous

His remarks were so risible that the audience howled with laughter.

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risque

a

아슬아슬한; 상스러운

verging upon the improper; offcolor

Please do not tell your risque anecdotes at this party.

riveting

a

황홀케 하는, 매혹적인

absorbing, engrossing, prepossessing

The reviewer described Byatt's novel Possession as a riveting tale

rivulet

n

시내, 개울, 실개천

small stream

As the rains continued, the trickle of water running down the hillside grew into a rivulet that threatened to wash away a portion of the slope.

roan

a

밤색에 흰색 또는 회색의 털이 섞인

brown mixed with gray or white

You can distinguish this horse in a race because it is roan while all the others are bay or chestnut.

robust

a

강건한; 튼튼한

vigorous; strong

The candidate for the football team had a robust physique.

rococo

a

화려한; 꾸밈이 많은

ornate; highly decorated

The rococo style in furniture and architecture, marked by scrollwork and excessive decoration, flourished during the middle of the eighteenth century.

roil

v

<액체를>휘젓다

to make liquids murky by stirring up sediment

Be careful when you pour not to roil the wine; if you stir up the sediment you'll destroy the flavor.

roseate

a

장미빛의; 낙관적인

rosy; potimistic

I am afraid you will have to alter your roseate views in the light of the distressing news that has just arrived.

roster

n

명부

list

They print the roster of players in the season's program.

rostrum

n

연단; 강단

platform for speechmaking; pulpit

The crowd murmured angrily and indicated that they did not care to listen to the speaker who was approaching the rostrum.

rote

n

되풀이

repetition

He recited the passage by rote and gave no indication he understood what he was saying.

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rotunda

n

원형건물

circular building or hall covered with a dome

His body lay in state in the rotunda of the Capitol.

rotundity

n

원형, <목소리가>우렁참

roundness; sonorousness of speech

Washington Irving emphasized the rotundity of the governor by describing his height and circumference.

rout

v

패주시키다; 몰아내다

stampede; drive out

The reinforcements were able to rout the enemy.

rubble

n

파편

fragments

Ten years after World War II, some of the rubble left enemy bombings could still be seen.

rubicund

a

얼굴이 벌건; 혈색이 좋은

having a healthy reddish color; ruddy; florid

His rubicund complexion was the result of an active outdoor life.

rubric

n

주서; 전례법규

title or heading (in red print); directions for religious ceremony; protocol

In ordaining the new priests, the bishop carefully observed all the rubrics for the ordination service.

ruddy

a

불그스레한; 혈색이 좋은

reddish; healthy-looking

His ruddy features indicated that he had spent much time in the open.

rudimentary

a

미발달의; 초보의

not developed; elementary

His dancing was limited to a few rudimentary steps.

rueful

a

후회하는; 슬픔에 잠긴; 낙심한

regretful; sorroful; dejected

The artist has captured the sadness of childhood in his portrait of the boy with the rueful countenance.

ruffian

a

악한; 건달의

bully; scoundrel

The fuffians threw stones at the police.

ruminate

v

<소등이>새김질하다; 숙고하다

chew the cud; ponder

We cannot afford to wait while you ruminate upon these plans.

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rummage

v

들추다; 샅샅이 찾다

ransack; thoroughly search

When we rummaged through the trunks in the attic, we found many souvenirs of our childhood days.

runic

a

신비스러운, 난해한; 북유럽 룬 문자의

mysterious; set down in an ancient alphabet

Tolkien's use of Old English words and inscriptions in the runic alphabet give "The Lord of the Rings" its atmosphere of antiquity.

ruse

n

책략; 계략

trick; stratagem

You will not be able to fool your friends with such an obvious ruse.

rustic

a

시골의; 투박한

pertaining to country people; uncouth

The backwoodsman looked out of place in his rustic attire.

rusticate

v

시골로 은퇴하다; 시골에서 살다

banish to the country; dwell in the country

I like city life so much that I can never understand how people can rusticate in the suburbs.

ruthless

a

무자비한

pitiless

The escaped convict was a dangerous and ruthless murderer.

saccharine

a

지나치게 달콤한

cloyingly sweet

She tried to ingratiate herself, speaking sweetly and smiling a saccharine smile.

sacerdotal

a

성직의

priestly

The priest decided to abandon his sacerdotal duties and enter the field of politics.

sacrilegious

a

신성모독의; 불경스런

desecrating; profane

His stealing of the altra cloth was a very sacrilegious act.

sacrosanct

a

신성 불가침의; 지성의

most sacred; inviolable

The brash insurance salesman invaded the sacrosanct privacy of the office of the president of the company.

sadistic

a

사디스트적인

inclined to cruelty

If we are to improve conditions in this prison, we must first get rid of the sadistic warden.

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saffron

a

오렌지 색의

orange colored

The orange orchard, viewed from a distance, looks covered with thousands of tiny saffron dots.

saga

n

중세 북유럽의 전설; 사화; 영웅담

Scandinavian myth; any legend

This is a saga of the sea and the man who risk their lives on it.

sagacious

a

날카로운; 영리한; 슬기로운

keen; shrewd; having insight

He is much too sagacious to be fooled by a trick like that.

sage

n

매우 현명한 사람, 현인, 철인

person celebrated for wisdom

Hearing tales of a mysterious Master of All Knowledge who lived in the hills of Tibet, Sandy was possessed with a burning desire to consult the legendary sage.

salacious

a

호색의; 음탕한

lascivious; lustful

Chaucer's monk is not pious but salacious, a teller of lewd tales and ribald jests.

salient

a

현저한

prominent

One of ths salient features of that newspaper is its excellent editorial page.

saline

a

짠, 염분의

salty

The slightly saline taste of this mineral water is pleasant.

sallow

a

누르께한; 혈색이 나쁜

yellowish; stickly in color

We were disturbed by his sallow complexion, which was due to jaundice.

salubrious

a

건강에 좋은

healthful

Many people with hay fever move to more salubrious sections of the country during the months of August and September.

salutary

a

건전한; 유익한; 건강에 좋은

tending to improve; beneficial; wholesome

The punishment had a salutary effect on the boy, as he became a model student.

salvage

v

구출하다

rescue from loss

All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed.

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salver

n

쟁반

tray

The food was brought in on silver salvers by the waiters.

sanctimonious

a

신성한 체하는

displaying ostentatious or hypocritical devoutness

You do not have to be so sanctimonious to prove that you are devout.

sanction

v

인정하다; 제재 규정을 설정하다

approve; ratify

Nothing will convince me to sanction the engagement of my daughter to such a worthless young man.

sangfroid

n

태연 자약

coolness in a trying situation

The captain's sangfroid helped to allay the fears of the passengers.

sanguinary

a

피비린내 나는

bloody

The battle of Iwo Jima was unexpectedly sanguinary with many casualties.

sanguine

a

쾌활한; 낙천적인

cheerful; hopeful

Let us not be too sanguine about the outcome; something could go wrong.

sapient

a

슬기로운; 지혜로운

wise; shrewd

The students enjoyed the professor's sapient digressions more than his formal lectures.

sarcasm

n

빈정거림; 비꼼

scornful remarks; sting rebuke

His feeling were hurt by the sarcasm of his supposed friends.

sardonic

a

냉소하는; 조롱하는; 비웃는

disdainful; sarcastic; cynical

The sardonic humor of nightclub comedians who satirize or ridicule patrons in the audience strikes some people as amusing and others as rude.

sartorial

a

재봉(사)의

pertaining to tailors

He was as famous for the sartorial splendor of his attire as he was for his acting.

sate

v

만족하다; 물리게 하다

satisfy to the full; cloy

Its hunger sated, the lion dozed.

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satellite

n

하인

small boy revolving around a larger one

During the first few years of the Space Age, hunreds of satellites were launched by Russia and the United States.

satiate

v

만족시키다; 물리게 하다; 싫증나게 하다

surfeit; satisfy fully

The guests, having eaten until they were satiated, now listened inattentively to the speakers.

satiety

n

포만; 물림

condition of being crammed full; glutted state; repletion

The satiety of the guests at the sumptuous feast became apparent when they refused the delicious dessert.

satire

n

풍자; 비꼼; 빈정댐; 야유; 풍자문학

form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack is regarded by m

'Gulliver's Travels,' which is regarded by many as a tale for children, is actually a bitter satire attacking man's folly.

satirical

a

풍자적인; 빈정대는

mocking

The humor of cartoonist Gary Trudeau often is satirical; through the comments of the Doonesbury characters, Trudeau ridicules political corruption and folly.

saturate

v

담그다; 흠뻑 적시다; 젖어 버리게 하다

soak

Their clothes were saturated by the rain.

saturnine

a

우울한; 무뚝뚝한; 침울한

gloomy

Do not be misled by his saturnine countenance; he is not as gloomy as he looks.

satyr

n

사티로스(반인 반수의 숲의 신); 호색가, 음란한 사람

half-human, half-bestial being in the court of Dionysus, portrayed as wanton and cunning

He was like a satyr in his lustful conduct.

saunter

v

산책하다; 빈둥거리다

stroll slowly

As we sauntered through the park, we stopped frequently to admire the spring flowers.

savant

n

학자; 석학

scholar

Our faculty includes many world-famous savants.

savor

v

음미하다; 즐기다

have a distinctive flavor; smell or quality; enjoy

Relishing his triumph, Costner especially savored the chagrin of the critics who had predicted his failure.

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savory

a

맛좋은; 향기로운; 마음에 드는; 기분이 좋은

tasty; pleasing; attractive; agreeable

Julia Child's recipes enable amateur chefs to create savory delicacies for their guests.

scabbard

n

(칼 따위의)집

case for a sword blade; sheath

The drill master told the recruit to wipe the blood from his sword before slipping it back into the scabbard.

scaffold

n

발판; 비계; 단두대; 교수대

temporary platform for workers; bracing framework; platform for execution

Before painting the house, the workers put up a scaffold to allow them to work on the second story.

scale

v

오르다; 올라가다

climb up; ascend

To locate a book on the top shelf of the stacks, Lee had to scale an exceptionally rickety ladder.

scanty

a

근소한; 모자라는; 불충분한

meager; insufficient

Thinking his helping of food was scanty, Oliver Twist asked for more.

scapegoat

n

남의 죄를 대신 지는 사람; 희생자

someone who bears the blame for others

After the Challenger disaster, NASA searched for scapegoats on whom they could cast the blame.

scavenger

n

거리 청소부; 썩은 고기를 먹는 동물

collector and disposer of refuse; animal that devours refuse and carrion

The Oakland Scavenger Company is responsible for the collection and disposal of the community's garbage.

scenario

n

대본; 각본; 시나리오

plot outline; screenplay; opera libretto

Scaramouche startled the other actors in the commedia troupe when he suddenly departed from their customary scenario and began to improvise.

schematic

a

도식의; 도해의; 개요의

relating to an outline or diagram; using a system of symbols

In working out the solution to an analytical logic question, you may find it helpful to construct a simple schematic diagram illustrating the relationships between the items of information given in the question.

schism

n

분리; 분열; 분화

division; split

Let us not widen the schism by further bickering.

scintilla

n

조금; 근소; 약간; 불꽃; 섬광

shred; least bit

You have not produced a scintilla of evidence to support your argument.

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scintillate

v

불꽃을 내다; (재치)번득이다

sparkle; flash

I enjoy her dinner parties because the food is excellent and the conversation scintillates.

scoff

v

비웃다; 조소하다; 놀리다

mock; ridicule

He scoffed at dentists until he had his first toothache.

scotch

v

눌려 부수다; 밟아 없애다; 억누르다; 탄압하다

stamp out; thwart; hinder

Heather tried to scotch the rumor that she had stolen her best friend's fiance.

scourge

n

(천재, 전쟁)하늘의 응징; 천벌

lash; whip; severe punishment

They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge.

scrupulous

a

양심적인; 건실한; 세심한; 용의주도한

conscientious; extremely through

I can recommend him for a position of responsibility for I have found him a very scrupulous young man.

scrutinize

v

면밀히 조사하다

examine closely and critically

Searching for flaws, the sergeant scrutinized every detail of the private's uniform.

scurrilous

a

상스러운; 비열한; 무례한; 입이 더러운

obscene; indecent

Your scurrilous remakrs are especially offensive because they are untrue.

scurry

v

황급히 달리다; 갈팡질팡하다

move briskly

The White Rabbit had to scurry to get to his appointment on time.

scuttle

v

(배)구멍을 내다; 선저판을 열다; 가라앉히다

sink

The sailors decided to scuttle their vessel rather than surrender it to the enemy.

seamy

a

지저분한; 치사한; 천한

sorbid; unwholesome

In 'The Godfather', Michael Corleone is unwilling to expose his wife and children to the seamy side of his life as the son of a Mafia don.

seasoned

a

경험을 쌓은; 숙련된

experienced

Thought pleased with her new batch of rookies, the basketball coach wished she had a few more seasoned players on the team.

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secession

n

탈퇴; 분리

withdrawal

The secession of the Southern states provided Lincoln with his first major problem after his inauguration.

seclusion

n

격리; 차단; 은퇴; 은둔

isolation; solitude

One moment she loved crowds; the next, she sought seclusion.

secrete

v

숨기다; 비밀로 하다; 분비하다

hide away or cache; produce and release a substance into an organism

The pack rat secretes odds and ends in its nest; the pancreas secretes insulin in the islets of Langerhans.

sectarian

a

편협한; 근시안적인; 파벌적인

narrow-minded; limited in scope

As university chaplain, she sought to address universal religious issues and not limit herself to mere sectarian concerns.

secular

a

속인의; 세속의; 비종교적인; 해묵은

worldly; not pertaining to church matters; temporal

The church leaders decided not to interfere in secular matters.

sedate

a

침착한; 조용한; 진지한

composed; grave

The parents were worried because they felt their son was too quiet and sedate.

sedentary

a

앉아 있는; 정주의; 앉아서 일하는

requiring sitting

Because he had a sedentary occupation, he decided to visit a gymnasium weekly.

sedition

n

소란; 폭동; 동란 선동

resistance to authority; insubordination

His words, though not treasonous in themselves, were calculated to arouse thoughts of sedition.

sedulous

a

부지런한; 근면한; 품위가 있는

diligent

The young woman was so sedulous that she received a commendation for her hard work.

seedy

a

지쳐있는; 기분이 언짢은; 품위가 없는

run-down; decrepit; disreputable

I would rather stay in dormitory lodgings in a decent youth hostel than have a room of my own in a seedy downtown hotel.

seemly

a

예절에 맞는; 품위있는; 알맞은

proper; appropriate

Lady Bracknell did not think it was seemly for Ernest to lack a proper family; no baby abandoned on a doorstep could grow up to marry her daughter.

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seep

a

스며나오다; 배어나오다

ooze; trickle

During the rainstorm, water seeped through the crack in the basement wall and damaged the floor boards.

seethe

v

끓다; 비등하다; 소용돌이 치다; 소란해지다

be disturbed; boil

The nation was seething with discontent as the noblemen continued their arrogant ways.

seine

n

예인망; 후릿그물

net for catching fish

When the shad run during the spring, you may see fishermen with seines along the banks of our coastal rivers.

seismic

a

지진의; 지진에 대한

pertaining to earthquakes

The Richter scale is a measurement of seismic disturbances.

semblance

n

유사; 비슷한 외형

outward apperance; guise

Although this book has a careful examination will reveal many errors and omissions.

seminal

a

발생의; 생식의; 미발달의; 근본의

germinal; influencing future developments; related to seed or semen

Although Freud has generally been regarded as a seminal thinker who shaped the course of psychology, his psychoanalytic methods have come under attack recently.

seminary

n

신학교

school for training future ministers; academy for young women

Sure of his priestly vocation, Terrence planned to pursue his theological training at the local Roman Catholic seminary.

senility

n

노쇠; 노령

old age; feeble mindedness of old age

Most of the decisions are being made by the junior members of the company because of the senility of the president.

sensual

a

관능적인; 음란한; 감각론의

devoted to the pleasures of the senses; carnal; voluptuous

I cannot understand what caused him to drop his sensual way of life and become so ascetic.

sensuous

a

감각에 호소하는; 감각적인; 심미적인

pertaining to the physical senses; operating through the senses

He was stimulated by the sights, sounds and smells about him; he was enjoying his sensuous experience.

sententious

a

간결하고 매서운; 금언같은; 금언의

terse; concise; aphoristic

After reading so many redundant speeches, I find his sententious style particularly pleasing.

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sentinel

n

파수; 보초

sentry; lookout

Though camped in enemy teritory, Bledsoe ignored the elementary precaution of posting sentinels around the encampment.

septic

a

부패시키는; 부패에 의한; 썩은

putrid; producing putrefaction

The hospital was in such a filthy state that we were afraid that many of the patients would suffer from septic poisoning.

sepulcher

n

무덤; 지하매장소

tomb

Annabel Lee was buried in the sepulcher by the sea.

sequester

v

격리하다; 은퇴시키다

isolate; retire from public life; segregate; seclude

To prevent the jurors from hearing news broadcasts about the case, the judge decided to sequester the jury.

sere

a

마른, 건조한, 시든

parched; dry

After the unseasonably dry winter the Berkeley hills looked dusty and sere.

serendipity

n

뜻밖의 발견을 하는 재주

gift for finding valuable or desirable things by accident; accidental good fortune or luck

Many scientific discoveries are a matter of serendipity

serenity

n

고요함; 청명, 화창함; 평온, 침착, 태연 자약

calmness, placidity

The serenity of the sleepy town was shattered by a tremendous explosion.

serpentine

a

꼬불꼬불한, 나선형의

winding; twisting

The car swerved at every curve in the serpentine road.

serrated

a

톱니모양의, 톱니가 있는

having a sawtoothed edge

The beech tree is one of many plants that have serrated leaves.

servile

a

노예의, 노예 근성의, 비굴한

slavish; cringing

Constantly fawning on his employer, humble Uriahh Heap was a servile creature.

servitude

n

노예상태, 예속, 예종

slavery; compulsory labor

Born a slave, Douglass resented his life of servitude and plotted to escape to the North.

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sever

v

자르다; 떼어놓다

cut; separate

Dr. Guillotin invented a machine that could neatly sever an aristocratic head from its equally aristocratic body. Unfortunately, he couldn't collect any severance pay.

severity

n

엄함, 엄격; 가혹; 고통, 어려움; 간소, 수수함

harshness; intensity; sternness; austerity

The severity of Jane's migraine attack was so great that she took to her bed for a week.

shackle

v

쇠고랑(수갑)을 채우다, 속박하다, 방해하다

chain; fetter

The criminal's ankles were shackled to prevent his escape.

sham

v

체하다, 가장하다

pretend

She shammed sickness to get out of going to school.

shambles

n

도살장; 아수라장; 파멸

wreck; mess

After the hurricane, the Carolina coast was a shambles. After the New Year's Eve party, the host's apartment was a shambles.

shard

n

도자기, 질그릇의 파편

fragment, generally of pottery

The archaeologist assigned several students the task of reassembling earthenware vessels from the shards he had brought back from the expedition.

shaving

n

대팻밥; 깎아낸 부스러기

very thin piece, usually of wood

As the carpenter pared away at the edge of the board with his plane, a small pile of shavings began to accumulate on the floor.

sheaf

n

(곡식의) 단, 묶음, 묶은 다발 꾸러미

bundle of stalks of grain; any bundle of things tied together

The lawyer picked up a sheaf of papers as she rose to question the witness.

sheathe

v

집어넣다, 상자에 넣다, 덮다, 씌우다, 싸다

place into a case

As soon as he recognized the approaching men, he sheathed his dagger and hailed them as friends.

sherbet

n

과즙을 주성분으로 한 아이스크림

flavored dessert ice

I prefer raspberry sherbet to ice cream since it is less fattening.

shimmer

v

희미하게 비치다, 가물거리다

glimmer intermittently

The moonlight shimmered on the water as the moon broke through the clouds for a moment.

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shirk

v

(일, 의무, 책임 등을) 면하다, 벗어나다, 기피하다

avoid (responsibility, work, etc.); malinger

Brian has a strong sense of duty; he would never shirk any responsibility.

shoddy

a

가짜의; 천재가 아닌; 열등한

sham; not genuine; inferior

You will never get the public to buy such shoddy material.

shrew

n

잔소리가 심한 여자

scolding woman

No one wanted to marry Shakespeare's Kate because she was a shrew.

shrewd

a

영리한; 눈치빠른

clever; astute

A shrewd investor, he took clever advantage of the fluctuations of the stock market.

shunt

v

옆으로 돌리다; 전환하다; <일을>회피하다

turn aside; divert; sidetrack

If the switchman failed to shunt the Silver Streak onto a side track, the train would plow right into Union Station.

shyster

n

엉터리 변호사, 싸구려 무면허 변호사

lawyer using questionable methods

On L.A. Law, respectable attorney Brackman was horrified to learn that his newly discovered half brother was a cheap shyster.

sibling

n

형제 자매

brother or sister

We may not enjoy being siblings, but we cannot forget that we still belong to the same family.

sibylline

a

예언의; 수수께끼같은

prophetic; oracular

Until their destrcution by fire in 83 B.C., the sibylline books were often consulted by the Romans.

sidereal

a

별의

relating to the stars

The study of sidereal bodies has been greatly advanced by the new telephone.

silt

n

침니(모래보다 잘지만 진흙보다 굵은 침전토)

sediment deposited by running water

The harbor channel must be dredged annually to remove the silt.

simian

a

원숭이같은

monkeylike

Lemurs are nocturnal mammals and have many simian characteristics, although, they are less intelligent than monkeys.

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simile

n

직유

comparison of one thing with another, using the word like or as

"My love is like a red, red rose"is a simile.

similitude

n

유사; 비유

similarity; using comparisons such as similes, etc.

Although the critics deplored his use of mixed metaphors, he continued to write in similitudes.

simpering

a

능글능글 웃는

smirking

I can overlook his simpering manner, but I cannot ignore his stupidity.

simulate

v

흉내내다

feign

He simulated insanity in order to avoid punishment for his crime.

sinecure

n

한직

well-paid position with little responsibility

My job is no sinecure; I work long hours and have much responsibility.

sinewy

a

질긴, 건질의

tough; strong and firm

The steak was too sinewy to chew.

singular

a

특이한; 둘도없는 기이한

unique; extraordinary; odd

Though the young man tried to understand Father William's singular behavior, he still found it odd that the old man incessantly stood on his head.

sinister

a

악의가 있는

evil

We must defeat the sinister forces that seek our downfall.

sinuous

a

감긴; 안밖으로 묶인; 완곡한

winding; bending in and out; not morally honest

The snake moved in a sinuous manner.

sirocco

n

열풍

warm, sultry wind blown from Aftrca to southern Europe

We can understand the popularity of the siesta in southern Spai

skeptic

n

의심많은 사람; 회의론자

doubter; person who suspends judgment until he has examined the evidence supporting a poin

In this matter, I am a skeptic; I want proof.

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skiff

n

1인 승의 작은 배, 가벼운 배

small, light sailboat or rowboat

Tom dreamed of owning an ocean-going yacht but had to settle for a skiff he could sail in the bay.

skimp

v

인색하게 굴다; 절약하다

provide scantily; live very economically

They were foreced to skimp on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the winter.

skinflint

n

구두쇠

miser

The old skinflint refused to give her a raise.

skirmish

n

작은 접전

minor fight

Custer's troops expected they might run into a skirmish or two on maneuvers; they did not expect to face a major battle.

skittish

a

마음이 들뜬, 까부는

lively; frisky

She is as skittish as a kitten playing with a piece of string.

skulk

v

살금살금 걸어가다

move furtively and secretly

He skulked through the less fashionable sections of the city in order to avoid meeting any of his former friends.

skullduggery

n

사기

dishonest behavior

The investigation into municipal corruption turned up new instances of skulduggery daily.

slacken

v

늦추다; 느슨해지다

slow up; loosen

As they passed the finish line, the runners slackened their pace.

slag

n

용재, 광재(광석을 환원해서 금속을 추출할 때 거의 완전히 용해해서 유리화한 물질), 암재, 분탄 찌

residue from smelting metal; dross; waste matter

The blast furnace had a special opening at the bottom to allow the workers to remove the worthless slag.

slake

v

만족시키다; 물리게 하다

quench; sate

When we reached the oasis, we were albe to slake our thirst.

slander

n

중상; 욕설

defamation; utterance of false and malicious statements

Unless you can prove your allegations, your remarks constitute slander.

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slapdash

a

무모한, 함부로 하는, 소홀한, 즉석에서의

haphazard; careless; sloppy

From the number of typos and misspellings I've found in it, it's clear that Mario proofread the report in a remarkably slapdash fashion.

slattern

n

단정치 못한 사람

untidy or slovenly person

If you persist in wearing such sloppy clothes, people will call you a slattern.

sleazy

a

얄팍한; 초라한, 보잘 것 없는

flimsy; unsubstantial

This is a sleazy fabric; it will not wear well.

sleeper

n

예상외로 성공한 것(사람)

something originally of little value or importance that in time becomes very valuable

Unnoticed by the critics at its publication, the eventual Pulitzer Prize winner was a classic sleeper.

sleight

n

숙련; 교묘한 수완, 술책, 책략

dexterity

The magician amazed the audience with his sleight of hand.

slew

n

많음, 다수

large quantity or number

Although Ellen had checked off a number of items on her "To Do" list, she still had a whole slew of errands left.

slight

v

경시하다, 모욕하다

insult to one's dignity; snub

Hypersensitive and ready to take offense at any discourtesy, Bertha was always on the lookout for real or imaginary slights.

slipshod

a

단정치 못한, 아무렇게나 하는; 발을 질질 끌며 걷는

untidy or slovenly; shabby

As a master craftsman, the carpenter prided himself on never doing slipshod work.

slither

v

주르르 미끄러지다; 미끄러져 내려가다

slip or slide

During the recent ice storm, many people slithered down this hill as they walked to the station.

slither

v

주르르 미끄러지다

slip or slide

During the recent ice storm, many people slithered down this hill as they walked to the station.

sloth

n

나무늘보; 나태, 게으름

slow-moving tree-dwelling mammal

Note how well the somewhat greenish coat of the sloth enables it to blend in with its arboreal surroundings.(secondary meaning)

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slothful

a

나태한, 게으른

lazy

The British word "layabout" is a splendid descriptive term for someone slothful

slough

v

(뱀 등이)허물 벗다, 탈피하다

cast off

Each spring, the snake sloughs off its skin.

slough

v

허물벗다

cast off

Each spring, the snake sloughts off its skin.

slovenly

a

단정치 못한, 게으른; 부주의한

untidy; careless in work habits

Unshaven, sitting around in his bathrobe all afternoon, Gus didn't care about the slovenly appearance he presented.

sluggard

n

게으름뱅이, 건달

lazy person

You are a sluggard, a drone, a parasite, the angry father shouted at his lazy son.

sluggish

a

느린, 완만한; 나태한; 기능이 둔한

slow; lazy; lethargic

After two nights without sleep, she felt sluggish and incapable of exertion.

sluice

n

수문, 배출구, 인공수로

artificial channel for directing or controlling the flow of water

In times of drought, this sluice enables farmers to obtain water for irrigation.

slur (N.)

n

중상, 비방; 오명, 치욕

insult to one's character or reputation; slander

Polls revealed that the front-runner's standing had been damaged by the slurs and innuendoes circulated by his opponent's staff.

slur (V.)

v

똑똑치 않게 말하다; 중얼거리다

speak indistinctly; mumble

When Sol has too much to drink, he starts to slur his words

smattering

n

겉핥기

slight knowledge

I don't know whether it is better to be ignorant of a subject or to have a mere smattering of information about it.

smirk

v

능글능글 웃다

conceited smile

Wipe that smirk off your face!

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smolder

v

그을다; <감정이>사무치다

burn without flame; be liable to break out at any moment

The rags smoldered for hours before they burst into flame.

snicker

n

낄낄 웃음

half-stifled laugh

The boy could not suppress a snicker, when the teacher sat on the tack.

snivel

v

코를 훌쩍이다; 콧소리 내다; 흐느끼다

run at the nose; snuffle; whine

Don't you come sniveling to me complaining about your big brother.

sobriety

n

절주, 절제; 제정신, 침착, 엄숙

moderation (especially regarding indulgence in alcohol); seriousness

Neither drunkards nor comics are noted for sobriety.

sodden

a

흠뻑 젖은; 머리가 멍청해진, 생기가 없는

soaked; dull, as if from drink

He set his sodden overcoat near the radiator to dry.

sojourn

n

머무름, 체재, 거류

temporary stay

After his sojourn in Florida, he began to long for the colder climate of his native New England home.

solace

n

위로, 위안

comfort in trouble

I hope you will find solace in the thought that all of us share your loss.

solder

v

납땜질하다; 수선하다, 손질하다

repair or make whole by using a metal alloy

The plumber fixed the leak in the pipes by soldering a couple of joints from which water had been oozing.

solecism

n

어법(문법) 위반; 부적당

construction that is flagrantly incorrect grammatically

I must give this paper a failing mark because it contains many solecisms.

solemnity

n

엄숙, 장중, 장엄, 진지함

seriousness; gravity

The minister was concerned that nothing should disturb the solemnity of the marriage service.

solicit

v

탄원하다, 간정하다, 부탁하다

request earnestly; seek

Knowing she needed to have a solid majority for the budget to pass, the mayor telephoned all the members of the city council to solicit their votes.

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solicitous

a

염려하는, 걱정하는; 열망하는

worried, concerned

The employer was very solicitous about the health of her employees as replacements were difficult to get.

soliloquy

n

혼잣말, 독백

talking to oneslef

The soliloquy is a device used by the dramatist to reveal a character's innermost thoughts and emotions.

solstice

n

최고점, 극점

point at which the sun is farthest from the equator

The winter solstice usually occurs on December 21.

solvent

a

지불 능력이 있는; 용해력이 있는, 녹이는

able to pay all debts

By dint of very frugal living, he was finally able to become solvent and avoid bankruptcy proceedings.

somatic

a

신체의, 육체의; 체강의

pertaining to the body; physical

Why do you ignore the spiritual aspects and emphasize only the corporeal and the somatic ones?

somber

a

어두컴컴한, 흐린; 칙칙한, 수수한; 우울한, 음산한

gloomy; depressing

From the doctor's grim expression, I could tell he had somber news.

somnambulist

n

몽유병자

sleepwalker

The most famous somnambulist in literature is Lady Macbeth; her monologue in the sleepwaling scene is one of the highlights of Shakespeare's play.

somnolent

a

졸린, 졸리게 하는, 최면의

half asleep

The heavy meal and the overheated room made us all somnolent and indifferent to the speaker.

sonorous

a

울려 퍼지는, 우렁찬, 낭랑한

resonant

His sonorous voice resounded through the hall.

sophist

n

궤변가, 억지이론자

teacher of philosophy; quibbler; employer of fallacious reasoning

You are using all the devices of a sophist in trying to prove your case; your argument is specious.

sophistication

n

세련, 궤변 부리기, 굴러먹어 약아빠짐

artificiality; unnaturealness; act of employing sophistry in reasoning

Sophistication is an acquired characteristic, found more frequently among city dwellers than among residents of rural areas.

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sophistry

n

궤변; 궤변법; 견강부회

seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning

Instead of advancing valid arguments, he tried to overwhelm his audience with a flood of sophistries.

sophomoric

a

미숙한, 아는 체하는, 건방진; 2년생다운

immature; shallow

Your sophomoric remarks are a sign of your youth and indicate that you have not given much thought to the problem.

soporific

a

잠오게 하는, 최면의, 졸리는

sleep producing

I do not need a sedative when I listen to one of his soporific speeches.

sordid

a

더러운, 불결한; 탐욕스러운, 치사한

filthy; base; vile

The social worker was angered by the sordid housing provided for the homeless.

spangle

n

반짝이는 금속 조각; 반짝이는 것

small metallic piece sewn to clothing for ornamentation

The thousands of spangles on her dress sparkled in the glare of the stage lights.

spasmodic

a

경련성의; 발작적인; 변덕스러운, 불규칙한

fithful; periodic

The spasmodic coughing in the auditorium annoyed the performers.

spat

n

사소한 다툼, 말다툼, 승강이

squabble; minor dispute

What had started out as a mere spat escalated into a full-blown argument.

spate

n

홍수, 소나기, 호우

sudden flood

I am worried about the possibility of a spate if the rains do not diminish soon.

spatial

a

공간의, 공간적인, 장소의

relating to space

It is difficult to visualize the spatial extent of our universe.

spatula

n

주걱; 압설자

broad-bladed instrument used for spreading or mixing

The manufacturers of this frying pan recommend the use of a rubber spatula to avoid scratching the specially treated surface.

spawn

v

알을 낳다; 생기게 하다, 일어나게 하다

lay eggs

Fish ladders had to be built in the dams to assist the salmon returning to spawn in their native streams.

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specious

a

외양뿐인, 그럴 듯한, 가면을 쓴, 허울좋은

seemingly reasonable but incorrect

Let us not be misled by such specious arguments.

spectral

a

유령의(과 같은), 괴기한, 무시무시한; 공허한

ghostly

We were frightened by the spectral glow that filled the room.

spectrum

n

스펙트럼, 분광

colored band produced when a beam of light passes through a prism

The visible portion of the spectrum includes red at one end and violet at the other.

spendthrift

n

낭비가, 돈을 헤프게 쓰는 사람; 방탕자

someone who wastes money

Easy access to credit encourages people to turn into spendthrifts who shop till they drop.

sphinx-like

a

수수께끼 같은, 신비스러운

enigmatic; mysterious

The Mona Lisa's sphinx-like expression has puzzled art lovers for centuries.

splice

v

(밧줄을) 가닥을 맞추어 잇다, 붙이다, 접합시키다

fasten together; unite

Before you splice two strips of tape together, be sure to line them up evenly.

spontaneity

n

자발성, 자발적 행위; 자연 발생적임

impulsiveness; absence of premeditation

What I liked best about Dale's parties was their spontaneity

spoonerism

n

두음전환(2단어 이상의 머리글자를 무의식적으로 바꾸어 놓음)

accidental transposition of suounds in successive words

When the radio announcer introduced the President as Hoober Herver, he was guilty of a spoonerism.

sporadic

a

때때로 일어나는, 가끔의, 산발의, 드문드문 있는

occurring irregularly

Although there are still sporadic outbursts of shooting in the streets, the rebellion is essentially over.

sportive

a

장난하며 노는, 까부는, 장난(농담)의

palyful

Such a sportive attitude is surprising in a person as serious as you usually are.

spruce

a

깔끔한, 몸차림이 말끔한, 말쑥한

neat and trim

Every button buttoned, tie firmly in place, young Alex Keaton looked spruce and tidy for his job interview at the bank.

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spry

a

기운찬, 활발한, 날랜

vigorously active; nimble

She was eighty years old, yet still spry and alert.

spurious

a

가짜의, 그럴싸한, 위조의, 눈속임의

false; counterfeit; forged; illogical

The hero of Jonathan Gash's mystery novels in an antique dealer who gives the reader advice on how to tell spurious antiques from the real thing.

spurn

v

거절하다, 퇴짜놓다; 경멸하다, 모욕하다

reject; scorn

The heroine spurned the villain's advances.

squabble

n

쓸데없는 말싸움, 언쟁

minor quarrel; bickering

Children invariably get involved in petty squabbles; wise parents know when to interfere and when to let the children work things out on their own.

squalid

a

누추한, 더러운, 천한, 비열한

dirty; neglected; poor

It is easy to see how crime can breed in such a squalid neighborhood.

squander

v

낭비하다, 탕진하다

waste

The prodigal son squandered the family estate.

squat

a

땅딸막한, 적달막한

stocky; short and thick

Tolkien's hobbits are somewhat squat, sturdy little creatures, fond of good ale, good music, and good food.

staccato

a

스타카토의, 단음의, 단주의

played in an abrupt manner; marked by abrupt, sharp sound

His staccato speech reminded one of the sound of a machine gun.

stagnant

a

흐르지 않는, 고여있는; 침체한, 불경기의

motionless; stale; dull

The stagnant water was a breeding ground for disease.

staid

a

침착한; 착실한, 성실한; 불변의, 고정된

sober; sedate

Her conduct during the funeral ceremony was staid and solemn.

stalemate

n

교착상태, 궁지, 막다른 골목

deadlock

Negotiations between the union and the employers have reached a stalemate; neither side is willing to budge from previously stated positions.

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stalwart

a

튼튼한; 용감하고 씩씩한; 애당심이 강한, 아주 충실한, 불굴의, 완강한

strong, brawny; steadfast

His consistent support of the party has proved that he is a stalwart and loyal member.

stamina

n

체력, 정력, 끈기, 지구력

strength; staying power

I doubt that she has the stamina to run the full distance of the marathon race.

stanch

v

지혈하다, 멈추게 하다, 가라앉히다, 억누르다

check flow of blood

It is imperative that we stanch the gushing wound before we attend to the other injuries.

stanza

n

연, 절

division of a poem

Do you know the last stanza of "The Star-Spangled Banner"?

static

a

정지하고 있는, 변화하지 않는, 정적인

unchanging; lacking development

Nothing had changed at home; things were static there.

statute

n

성문법, 법령; 규칙

law

We have many statutes in our law books which should be repealed.

statutory

a

법정의, 법령의, 법에 걸리는

created by statute or legislative action

The judical courts review and try statutory crimes.

steadfast

a

확고한, 부동의, 튼튼한, 꿋꿋한

loyal; unswerving

Penelope was steadfast in her affections, faithfully waiting for Ulysses to return from his wanderings.

stealth

n

은밀한 수법

slyness; sneakiness; secretiveness

Fearing detection by the sentires on duty, the scout inched his way toward the enemy camp with great stealth.

steep

v

적시다, 물에 담가 불리다, 흠뻑 적시다

soak; saturate

Be sure to steep the fabric in the dye bath for the full time prescribed.

stellar

a

별의, 별이 많은; 주요ㅏㄴ; 일류의

pertaining to the stars

He was the stellar attraction of the entire performance.

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stem

v

저지하다, 막다, 멈추게 하다

check the flow

The paramedic used a tourniquet to stem the bleeding from the slashed artery.

stem from

v

일어나다, 생기다, 시작되다, 유래되다

arise from

Milton's problems in school stemmed from his poor study habits.

stentorian

a

목소리가 큰

extremely loud

The town crier had a stentorian voice.

stereotyped

a

판에 박은, 진부한, 틀에 박힌

oversimplified; lacking indiviudality; seen as a type

My chief objection to the book is that the characters are stereotyped; they come acros as ethnic caricatures, not as real people with individual quirks, fears, and dreams.

stickler

n

까다로운 사람, 깐깐한 사람; 어려운 문제

perfectionist; person who insists things be exactly right

The Internal Revenue Service agent was a stickler for accuracy; no approximations or rough estimates would satisfy him.

stigma

n

오명, 치욕; 낙인

token of disgrace; brand

I do not attach any stigma to the fact that you were acquitted clears you completely.

stilted

a

과장된, 잘난 체하는

bombastic; stiffly pompous

His stilted rhetoric did not impress the college audience; they were immune to bombastic utterances.

stint (N.)

n

규정된 양, 할당; 제한, 한정

supply; allotted amount; assigned portion of work

She performed her daily stint cheerfully and willingly.

stint (V.)

v

절약하다, 제한하다

be thrifty; set limits

Spare no expense, the bride's father said, refusing to stint on the wedding arrangements.

stipend

n

월급, 봉급, 정기적 지급액

pay for services

There is a nominal stipend for this position.

stipple

v

점각하다, 점묘하다

paint or draw with dots

Seurat carefully stippled dabs of pure color on the canvas, juxtaposing dots of blue and yellow that the viewer's eye would interpret as green.

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stipulate

v

(계약, 약정서 조항 속에)~을 명기하다, 규정하다, ~을 계약조건으로서 요구하다

make express conditions, specify

Before agreeing to reduce American military forces in Europe, the president stipulated that NATO teams be allowed to inspect Soviet bases.

stoic

n

스토아 철학자, 쾌락에 무관심한 사람

impassive; unmoved by joy or grief

I wasn't particularly stoic when I had my flu shot; I squealed like a stuck pig.

stoke

v

불을 피우다; 급히 식사를 하다, 배불리 먹다

stir up a fire; feed plentifully

As a Scout, Marisa learned how to light a fire, how to stoke it if it started to die down, and how to extinguish it completely.

stolid

a

멍청한, 무신경의, 둔감한

dull; impassive

The earthquake shattered Stuart's usual stolid demeanor; trembling, he crouched on the no longer stable ground.

stratagem

n

전략, 군략; 책략

clever trick; deceptive scheme

What a gem of a stratagem! Watson, I have the perfect plan to trick Moriarty into revealing himself.

stratified

a

층으로 배열된; 계층화한

divided into classes; arranged into strata

As the economic gap between the rich and the poor increased, Roman society grew increasingly stratified.

stratum

n

층; 지층; 계급

layer of earth's surface; layer of society

Unless we alleviate conditions in the lowest stratum of our society, we may expect grumbling and revolt.

strew

v

흩뿌리다, 뿌리다

spread randomly; sprinkle; scatter

Preceding the bride to the alter, the flower girl will strew rose petals along the aisle.

striated

a

줄(홈)이 있는, 선 모양의

marked with parallel bands; grooved

The glacier left many striated rocks.

stricture

n

비난, 혹평, 탄핵, 협박, 구속

critical comments; severe and adverse criticism

His strictures on the author's style are prejudiced and unwarranted.

strident

a

귀에 거슬리는, 크고 거친

loud and harsh; insistent

We could barely hear the speaker over the strident cries of the hecklers.

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stringent

a

엄격한; 금융이 핍박한; 유력한, (확실히) 그럴 듯한

binding; rigid

I think these regulations are too stringent.

strut

n

점잔빼며 걷기, 활보

pompous walk

His strut as he marched about the parade ground revealed him for what he was

studied

a

고의의, 부자연스러운, 일부러 꾸민, 가장한, 심사숙고한

unspontaneous; deliberate; thoughtful

Given Jill's previous slights, Jack felt that the omission of his name from the guest list was a studied insult.

stultify

v

바보로 보이게 하다; 무의미하게 하다, 소용없게 만들다

cause to appear or become stupid or inconsistent; frustrate or hinder

His long hours in the blacking factory left young Dickens numb and incurious, as if the menial labor had stultified his mind.

stupefy

v

지각을 마비시키다, 무감각 상태로 만들다, 멍하게 하다; 깜짝 놀라게 하다

make numb; stun; amaze

Disapproving of drugs in general, Laura refused to take sleeping pills or any other medicine that might stupefy her.

stupor

n

무감각 마비, 혼수, 무감각한 상태

state of apathy; daze; lack of awareness

In his stupor, the addict was unaware of the events taking place around him.

stupor

n

무감각; 망연; 인사불성

state of apathy; daze; lack of awareness

In his stupor, the addict was unaware of the events taking palce around him.

stygian

a

음침한, 캄캄한; 지옥의; 치사의

gloomy; hellish; deathly

Shielding the flickering candle from any threatening draft, Tom and Becky descended into the stygian darkness of the underground cavern. Stygian derives from Styx, the chief river in the subterranean land of the dead.

stygian

a

음침한; 지옥의; 삼천도의

gloomy; hellish; deathly

They descended into the stygian, halflit sub-basement.

stymie

v

방해하다; 괴롭히다

present an obstacle; stump

The detective was stymied by the contradictory evidence in the robbery investigation.

suavity

n

세련; 우아

urbanity; polish

He is particularly good in roles that require suavity and sophistication.

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sub rosa

a

남몰래; 비밀히

in strict confidence; privately

I heard of this sub rosa and I cannot tell you about it.

subaltern

n

부하, 중위, 소위

subordinate

The captain treated his subalterns as though they were children rather than commissioned officers.

subjective

a

주관의; 상상의

occurring or taking place within the subject; unreal

Your analysis is highly subjective; you have permitted your emotions and your opinions to color your thinking.

subjugate

v

정복하다; 복종시키다

conquer; bring under control

It is not our aim to subjugate our foe; we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations.

sublimate

v

정화시키다

refine; purify

We must strive to sublimate these desires and emotions into worthwhile activities.

sublime

a

고귀한; 장엄한; 고상한

exalted; noble; uplifting

Mother Teresa has been honored for her sublime deeds.

subliminal

a

잠재의식의

below the threshold

We may not be aware of the subliminal influences which affect our thinking.

submissive

a

복종하는, 유순한, 고분고분한

yielding; timid

Crushed by his authoritarian father, Will had no defiance left in him; he was totally submissive in the face of authority.

suborn

v

뇌물을 주어 부추기다, 매수하다, 은밀히 교사하다

persuade to act unlawfully(especially to commit perjury)

In The Godfather, the mobsters used bribery and threats to suborn the witnesses against Don Michael Corleone.

subsequent

a

다음의; 그후의

following; later

In subsequent lessons, we shall take up more difficult problems.

subservient

a

보조적인; 노예의; 아첨하는

behaving like a slave; servile; obsequious

He was proud and dignified; he refused to be subservient to anyone.

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subside

v

<폭풍, 파도>가라않다; 내려가다; 침묵하다

settle down; descent; grow quiet

The doctor assured us that the fever would eventually subside.

subsidiary

a

보조의; 종속적인

subordinate; secondary

This information may be used as subsidiary evidence but is not sufficient by itself to prove your argument.

subsidy

n

<국가의>보조금

direct financial aid by government, etc.

Without this subsidy, American ship operators would not be albe to compete in world markets.

subsistence

n

존재; 생존; 생계

existence; means of support; livelihood

In these days of inflated prices, my salary provides a mere subsistence.

substantiate

v

구체화하다; 지원하다

verify; support

I intend to substantiate my statement by producing witnesses.

substantive

a

본질적인; 독립의

essential; pertaining to the substance

Although the delegates were aware of the importance of the problem, they could not agree on the substantive issues.

subsume

v

보다 포괄적인 관념의 일부로 보다, 포함시키다, 포괄하다

include; encompass

Does the general theory of relativity contradict Newtonian physics, or is Newton's law of gravity subsumed into Einstein's larger scheme?

subterfuge

n

구실; 기피

pretense; evasion

As soon as we realized that you had won our support by a subterfuge, we withdrew our endorsement of your candidacy.

subtlety

n

정밀; 교활; 미묘

nicety; cunning; guile; delicacy

The subtlety of his remarks was unnoticed by most of his audience.

subversive

a

파괴하는

tending to overthrow or ruin

We must destroy such subversive publications.

succinct

a

간결한; 간명한; 치밀한

brief; terse; compact

His remarks are always succinct and pointed.

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succor

n

구조; 원조

aid; assistance; relief

We shall be ever grateful for the succor your country gave us when we were in need.

succulent

a

액이 많은; 다육다즘조직의

juicy; full of richness

The citrus foods from Florida are more succulent to some people than those from California.

succumb

v

양보하다; 굴복하다; 죽다

yield; give in; die

I succumb to temptation whenever it comes my way.

suffuse

v

가득하게 하다

spread over

A blush suffused her cheeks when we teased her about her love affair.

sully

v

변색시키다; 훼손하다

tarnish; soil

He felt that it was beneath his dignity to sully his hands in such menial labor.

sultry

a

무더운

sweltering

He could not adjust himself to the sultry climate of the tropics.

summation

n

합계; 요약

act of finding the total; summary

In his summation, the lawyer emphasized the testimoney given by the two witnesses.

sumptuary

a

사치 규제의

limiting or regulating expenditures

While no sumptuary law has been enacted, the public will never tolerate the expenditure of so large a sum.

sumptuous

a

사치스러운; 값비싼

lavish; rich

I cannot recall when I have had such a sumptuous Thanksgiving feast.

sunder

v

가르다; 분리되다

separate; part

Northern and southern Ireland are politically and religiously sundered.

sundry

a

다양한; 가지가지의

various; several

My suspicious were aroused when I read sundry items in the newspapers about your behavior.

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superannuated

a

은퇴 수당을 받는; 퇴직 연금을 받고 있는

retired on pension because of age

The superannuated man was indignant because he felt that he could still perform a good day's work.

supercilious

a

시건방진; 잘난 척하는

haughty; domineering; contemptuous

I resent your supercilious and arrogant attitude.

supererogatory

a

필요 이상의, 여분의, 의무이상의

superfluous; more than needed or demanded

We have more than enough witnesses to corroborate your statement; to present any more would be supererogatory.

superficial

a

피상적인, 깊이가 없는

trivial; shallow

Since your report gave only a superficial analysis of the problem, I cannot give you more than a passing grade.

superfluity

n

잉여성, 지나치게 많음

excess; overabundance

We have a definite lack of sincere workers and a superfluity of leaders.

superfluous

a

여분의, 남는, 과잉의

excessive; overabundant, unnecessary

Please try not to include so many superfluous details in your report; just give me the bare facts.

superimpose

v

위에 놓다, 첨가하다, 부가하다

place over something else

Your attempt to superimpose another agency in this field will merely increase the bureaucratic nature of our government.

supernumerary

n

정원 외의 사람, 임시 고용인; 엑스트라

person or thing in excess of what is necessary; extra

His first appearance on the stage was as a supernumerary in a Shakespearean tragedy.

supersede

v

대신하다, 지위를 빼앗다

cause to be set aside; replace; make obsolete

Bulk mailing postal regulation 326D supersedes bulk mailing postal regulation 326C. If, in bundling your bulk mailing, you follow regulation 326C, our bulk mailing will be returned.

supine

a

드러 누워 있는; 경계를 게을리 하는

lying on back; negligent on ones' duties

The defeated pugilist lay supine on the canvas.

supplant

v

남의 자리에 들어앉다, 밀어내고 (남)을 대신하다, (지위, 직)을 빼앗다

replace; usurp

Did the other woman actually supplant Princess Diana in Prince Charles's affections, or did Charles never love Diana at all? Bolingbroke, later to be known as King Henry IV, fought to supplant his cousin, Richard III, as King of England.

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supple

a

나긋나긋한, 연한, 유순한

flexible; pliant

Years of yoga exercises made Grace's body supple.

suppliant

a

간청하는, 애걸하는; 간청하는 사람

entreating; beseeching; a person who beseeches for something

He could not resist the dog's suppliant whimpering, and he gave it some food.

supplicate

v

간청하다, 애원하다, 탄원하다

petition humbly; pray to grant a favor

We supplicate your majesty to grant him amnesty. (각하 제발 그를 사면 주시오소서.)

supposititious

a

가정적인, 가정의

assumed; counterfeit; hypothetical

I find no similarity between your supposititious illustration and the problem we are facing.

suppurate

v

<상처가>곪다

create pus

The surgeon refused to lance the abscess until it suppurated.

surcease

n

정지

cessation

He beggage the doctors to grant him surcease from his suffering.

surfeit

n

폭식; 포화; 과잉공급

cloy; overfed

I am surfeited with the sentimentality of the average motion picture film.

surly

a

뿌루퉁한; 고약한

rude; cross

Because of his surly attitude, many people avoided his company.

surmise

v

추측하다

guess

I surmise that he will be late for this meeting.

surmount

v

(곤란, 장애물)극복하다; (산에)오르다; ~의 위에 놓다, 얹다

overcome

He had to surmount many obstacles in order to succeed.

surpass

v

(양, 정도 따위가)~을 능가하다, 넘다; (능력, 업적 따위가)~보다 뛰어나다

exceed

Her SAT scores surpassed our expectations.

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surreptitious

a

비밀의, 은밀한

secret

News of their surreptitious meeting gradually leaked out.

surrogate

n

대리(인), 대행자

substitute

For a fatherless child, a male teacher may become a father surrogate.

surveillance

n

감시, 감독

watching; guarding

The FBI kept the house under constant surveillance in the hope of capturing all the criminals at one time.

susceptible

a

감수성이 강한, 민감한, 다정 다감한

impressionable; easily influenced; having little resistance, as to a disease

He was a very susceptible young man, and so his parents worried that he might fall into had company.

sustain

v

경험하다; 받다; 밑에서 받치다; 먹여 살리다, 부양하다

experience; support; nourish

He sustained such a severe injury that the doctors feared he would be unable to work to sustain his growing family.

sustenance

n

생계; 생활; 음식, 생명을 유지케 하는 것

means of us support, food, nourishment

In the tropics, the natives find sustenance easy to obtain because of all the fruit trees.

suture

n

봉합선, 봉합, 꿰맨 자리

stitches sewn to hold the cut edges of a wound or incision; material used in sewing

We will remove the sutures as soon as the wound heals.

swarthy

a

(피부, 안색이) 거무스름한, 까무잡잡한

dark; dusky

Despite the stereotype, not all Italians are swarthy; many are fair and blond.

swathe

v

싸다, ~을 붕대로 감다

wrap around; bandage

When I visited him in the hospital, I foundhim swathed in bandages.

swelter

v

(더위, 열 등으로) 질식시키다

be oppressed by heat

I am going to buy an air conditioning unit for my apartment as I do not intend to swelter through another hot and humid summer.

swerve

v

(정도에서)벗어나다, 빗나가다

deviate; turn aside sharply

The car swerved wildly as the driver struggled to regain control of the wheel.

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swill

v

게걸스레 마시다, 과음하다, 벌떡벌떡 마시다

drink greedily

Singing "Yo, ho, ho and a bottle of rum," Long John Silver and his fellow pirates swilled their grog.

swindler

n

협잡꾼, 사기꾼

cheat

She was gullible and trusting, an easy victim for the first swindler who came along.

sybarite

n

사치(방탕)에 빠진 사람

lover of luxury

Rich people are not always sybarites; some of them have little taste for a life of luxury.

sycophant

n

아첨꾼, 추종자, 아부꾼

servile flatterer

The king enjoyed the servile compliments and attentions of the sycophants in his retinue.

syllogism

n

삼단 논법, 연역법

logical formula consisting of a major premise, a minor premise and a conclusion; deceptive or

There must be a fallacy in this syllogism; I cannot accept its conclusion.

sylvan

a

숲 속의, 숲 속에 사는, 숲이 우거진

pertaining to the woods; rustic

His paintings of nymphs in sylvan backgrounds were criticized as oversentimental.

symbiosis

n

공생, 공동생활

interdependent relationship(between groups, species), often mutually beneficial

Both the crocodile bird and the crocodile derive benefit from their symbiosis; pecking away at food particles embedded in the crocodile's teeth, the bird derives nourishment; the crocodile, meanwhile, derives proper dental hygiene.

symmetry

n

대칭, 균형, 조화

arrangement of parts so that balance is obtained; congruity

The addition of a second tower will give this edifice the symmetry that it now lacks.

synchronous

a

동시의, 동시에 일어나는

similarly timed; simultaneous with

We have many examples of scientists in different parts of the world who have made synchronous discoveries.

synoptic

a

개요의, 대요의

providing a general overview; summary

The professor turned to the lates issue of Dissertation Abstracts for a synoptic account of what was new in the field.

synthesis

n

종합, 통합, 합성

combining parts into a whole

Now that we have succeeded in isolating this drug, our next problem is to paln its synthesis in the laboratory.

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synthetic

a

인조의, 합성한; 종합적인, 종합의

artificial; resulting from synthesis

During the twentieth century, many synthetic products have replaced the natural products.

tacit

a

무언의, 과묵한, 묵시적인, 말로 나타내지 않는

understood; not put into words

We have a tacit agreement based on only a handshake.

taciturn

a

말수가 적은, 과묵한

habitually silent; talking little

New Englanders are reputedly taciturn people.

tactile

a

촉각의, 촉각이 있는; 만질 수 있는, 감촉할 수 있는

pertaining to the organs or sense of touch

His callused hands had lost their tactile sensitivity.

tainted

a

더러워진, 썩은, 부패된

contaminated; corrupt

Health authorities are always trying to prevent the sale and use of tainted food.

talisman

n

부적, 호신부

charm

She wore the talisman to ward off evil.

talon

n

(새의)발톱, 칼날부리

claw of bird

The falconer wore a leather gauntletto avoid being clawed by the hawk's talons.

tangential

a

접하는; 약간 스칠 정도의; (이야기 따위가) 옆길로 새는, 탈선하는

peripheral; only slightly connected; digressing

Despite Clark's attempts to distract her with tangential remarks, Lois kept on coming back to her main question

tangible

a

만져 알 수 있는, 촉지할 수 있는, 유형의, 실제의; 명백한

able to be touched; real; palpable

Although Tom did not own a house, he had several tangible assets-a car, a television, a PC-that he could sell if he needed cash.

tanner

n

무두장이, 제혁업자

person who turns animal hides into leather

Using a solution of tanbark, the tanner treated the cowhide, transforming it into supple leather.

tantalize

v

집적거리다, 애타게 하여 괴롭히다

tease; torture with disappointment

Tom loved to tantalize his younger brother with candy; he knew the boy was forbidden to have it.

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tantamount

a

동등한 가치가 있는, 거의 ~과 같은

equal

Your ignoring their pathetic condition is tantamount to murder.

tantrum

n

기분 언짢음, 짜증, 화, 변덕

fit of petulance; caprice

The child learned that he could have almost anything if he wne tinto tantrums.

taper

n

작은 초, 가는 초

candle

He lit the taper on the windowsill.

tarantula

n

큰 독거미

venomous spider

We need an antitoxin to counteract the bite of the tarantula.

tarry

v

늦어지다, 늑장부리다, 머무적거리다, 체재하다, 머무르다

delay; dawdle

We can't tarry if we want to get to the airport on time.

taut

a

긴장한; 잘 정비된; 엄격한

tight; ready

The captain maintained that he ran a taut ship.

tautological

a

동의어 중복의, 중언부언하는

needlessly repetitious

In the sentence "It was visible to the eye," the phrase "to the eye" is tautological.

tawdry

a

야한, 번지르한, 값싼, 천한

cheap and gaudy

He won a few tawdry trinkets in Coney Island.

taxonomist

n

분류학자

specialist in classifying (animals, etc.)

Dental patterns often enable the taxonomist to distinguish members of one rodent species from those of another.

tedium

n

싫증남, 지루함, 번거로움

boredom; weariness

We hope this radio will help overcome the tedium of your stay in the hospital.

teetotalism

n

절대 금주주의

practice of abstaining totally from alcoholic drinks

Though the doctor warned Bert to cut down his booze intake, she didn't insist that he practice teetotalism.

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temerity

n

무모, 만용, 뻔뻔스러움

boldness; rashness

Do you have the temerity to argue with me?

temper

v

알맞게 섞다(조절하다), ~을 경감하다

moderate; tone down or restrain; toughen (steel)

Not even her supervisor's grumpiness could temper Nancy's enthusiasm for her new job.

temperament

n

기질, 성미; 격한 성미, 흥분하기 쉬운 기질

characteristic frame of mind; disposition; emotional excess

Although the twins look alike, they differ markedly in temperament

temperate

a

절도 있는, 도를 넘지 않는

restrained; self-controlled; moderate in respect to temperature

Try to be temperate in your eating this holiday season; if you control your appetite, you won't gain too much weight. Goldilocks found San Francisco's temperate climate neither too hot nor too cold but just right.

tempestuous

a

대폭풍(폭설)의; 격렬한, 광포한

stormy; impassioned; violent

Racket-throwing tennis star John McEnroe was famed for his displays of tempestuous temperament.

tempo

n

속도; 박자, 빠르기; 진보

speed of music

I find the conductor's tempo too slow for such a brilliant piece of music.

temporal

a

현세의, 세속적인; 일시적인

not lasting forever; limited by time; secular

At one time in our history, temporal rulers assumed that they had been given their thrones by divine right.

temporize

v

(결단을 내리지 않고) 꾸물거리다; 임시 변통을 하다, 미봉책을 쓰다; 타협하다

avoid committing oneself; gain time

I cannot permit you to temporize any longer; I must have a definite answer today.

tenacious

a

고집하는, 집요한, 완강한

holding fast

I had to struggle to break his tenacious hold on my arm.

tenacity

n

강인함, 고집, 끈기

firmness; persistence

Jean Valjean could not believe the tenacity of Inspector Javert. Here all Valjean had done was to steal a loaf of bread, and the inspector had pursued him doggedly for 20 years!

tendentious

a

목적(저의)이 있는; 목적을 도우려는; 불공평한

having an aim; biased; designed to further a cause

The editorials in this periodical are tendentious rather than truth-seeking.

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tender

v

제출하다, 내놓다, 제공하다, 제의하다

offer; extend

Although no formal charges had been made against him, in the wake of the recent scandal the mayor felt he should tender his resignation.

tenet

n

(종교, 정치, 철학 등의) 주의, 교리, 신조, 견해

doctrine; dogma

The agnostic did not accept the tenets of their faith.

tensile

a

잡아늘일 수 있는

capable of being stretched

Mountain climbers must know the tensile strength of their ropes.

tentative

a

일시적인, 시험삼아 하는, 시험적인

hesitant; not fully worked out or developed; experimental; not definite or positive

Unsure of his welcome at the Christmas party, Scrooge took a tentative step into his nephew's drawing room.

tenuous

a

얇은; 묽은; 희박한; 빈약한

thin; rare; slim

The allegiance of our allies is held by rather tenuous ties; let us hope they will remain loyal.

tenure

n

보유 기간; 보유권; 재직권

holding of an office; time during which such an office is held

She has permanent tenure in this position and cannot be fired.

tepid

a

미지근한; 열성 없는, 미온적인

lukewarm

During the summer, I like to take a tepid bath, not a hot one.

termination

n

끝냄, 종결

end

Though the time for termination of the project was near, we still had a lot of work to finish before we shut up shop.

terminology

n

학술용어, 전문용어

terms used in a science or art

The special terminology developed by some authorities in the field had done more to confuse laypersons than to enlighten them.

terminus

n

종점, 목적지, 종착역

last stop of railroad

After we reached the railroad terminus, we continued our journey into the wilderness on saddle horses.

terrestrial

a

지구상의, 육지의, 뭍에서 사는, 흙의, 토질의

on or relating to the earth

We have been able to explore the terrestrial regions much more thoroughly than the aquatic or celestial regions.

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terse

a

간결한, 요령 있는

concise; abrupt; pithy

There is a fine line between speech that is terse and to the point and speech that is too abrupt.

tertiary

a

제 3의, 제 3차의, 제 3위의

third

He is so thorough that he analyzes tertiary causes where other writers are content with primary and secondary reasons.

tessellated

a

바둑판 무늬로 깔은, 모자이크식의

inlaid; mosaic

I recall seeing a table with a tesselated top of bits of stone and glass in a very interesting pattern.

testator

n

유언자

maker of a will

The attorney called in his secretary and his partner to witness the signature of the testator.

testy

a

성미 급한, 성 잘 내는; 퉁명스런

irritable; short-tempered

My advice is to avoid discussing this problem with her today as she is rather testy and may shout at you.

tether

v

(밧줄, 사슬로)매다; 구속하다

tie with a rope

Before we went to sleep, we tethered the horses to prevent their wandering off during the night.

thematic

a

주제의, 논제의, 테마의

relating to a unifying motif or idea

Those who think of Moby Dick as a simple adventure story about whaling miss its underlying thematic import.

theocracy

n

신권 정체, 신정

government run by religious leaders

Though some Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower favored the establishment of a theocracy in New England, many of their fellow voyagers preferred a nonreligious form of government.

theoretical

a

이론적인

not practical or applied; hypothetical

Bob was better at applied engineering and computer programming than he was at theoretical physics and math. While I can still think of some theoretical objections to your plan, you've convinced me of its basic soundness.

thermal

n

열의

pertaining to heat

The natives discovered that the hot springs gave excellent thermal baths and began to develop their community as a health resort.

thespian

a

희곡의

pertaining to drama

Her success in the school play convinced her she was destined for a thespian career.

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thrall

n

노예; 속박

slave; bondage

The captured soldier was held in thrall by the conquering army.

threnody

n

비가; 장송가

song of lamentation; dirge

When he died, many poets wrote thrall by the conquering army.

thrifty

a

검약하는; 아끼는

careful about money; economical

A thrifty shopper compares prices before making major purchases.

throes

n

진통

violent anguish

The throes of despair can be as devastating as the spasms accompanying physical pain.

throng

n

군중

crowd

Throngs of shoppers jammed the aisles.

throttle

v

교살하다

strangle

The criminal tried to throttle the old man.

thwart

v

훼방놓다; 좌절시키다

baffle; frustrate

He felt that everyone was trying to thwart his plans.

thyme

n

백리향

aromatic plant used for seasoning

The addition of a little thyme will enhance the flavor of the clam chowder.

timbre

n

음색

quality of a musical tone producued by a musical instrument

We identify the instrument producing a musical sound by its timbre.

timidity

n

소심

lack of self-confidence or courage

If you are to succeed as a salesman, you must first lose your timidity and fear of failure.

timorous

a

겁많은; 소심한

fearful; demonstrating fear

His timorous manner betrayed the fear he felt at the moment.

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tipple

v

<술을>습관적으로 마시다

drink(alcoholic beverages) frequently

He found that his most enjoyable evenings occurred when he tippled with his friends at the local pub.

tirade

n

장광설; 고발

extended scolding; denunciation

Long before he had finished his tirade, we were sufficiently aware of the seriousness of our misconduct.

titanic

a

거대한

gigantic

Titanic waves beat against the shore during the hurricane.

tithe

n

십일조

tax of one-tenth

Becuase he was an agnostic, he refused to pay his tithes to the clergy.

titillate

v

간질이다

tickle

I am here not to titillate my audience but to enlighten it.

title

n

권리, 자격; 직함, 직위; 표제

right or claim to possession; mark of rank; name(of a book, film, etc.)

Though the penniless Duke of Ragwort no longer held title to the family estate, he still retained his title as head of one of England's oldest families.

titter

v

킥킥 웃다, 소리를 죽여 웃다

nervous laugh

Her aunt's constant titter nearly drove her mad.

titular

a

명의상의, 유명무실한

having the title of an office without the obligations

Although her was the titular head of the company, the real decisions were made by his general manager.

toady

n

아첨꾼, 알랑쇠

servile flatterer; yes man

Never tell the boss anything he doesn't wish to hear

tocsin

n

경보

alarm bell

Awakened by the sound of the tocsin, we rushed to our positions to await the attack.

toga

n

고대 로마시민이 입던 외출복(겉옷)

Roman outer robe

Marc Antony pointed to the slashes in Caesar's toga.

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tome

n

(내용이 방대한 책의)한 권; 큰 책

large volume

He spent much time in the libraries poring over ancient tomes.

tonsure

n

체발

shaving of the head, especially by person entering religious orders

His honsure, even more than his monastic garb, indicated that he was a member of the religious order.

topography

n

지세

physical features of a region

Before the generals gave the order to attack, they ordered a complete study of the topography of the region.

torpor

n

무기력; 무감각; 휴면

lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy

Nothing seemed to arouse him from his torpor, he had wholly surrendered himself to lethargy.

torque

n

비트는 힘; 회전우력

twisting force; force producing rotation

With her wrench she applied sufficient torque to the nut to loosen it.

torrent

n

격류, 급류, 억수같은 비; (감정의) 폭발, 분출

rushing stream; flood

Day after day of heavy rain saturated the hillside until the water ran downhill in torrents.

torso

n

나체흉상; (인체)몸통

trunk of statue with head and limbs missing; human trunk

This torso, found in the ruins of Pompeii, is now on exhibition in the museum in Naples.

tortilla

n

토르티아(맥시코지방의 둥글넓적한 옥수수빵)

flat cake made of cornmeal, etc

As we traveled through Mexico, we became more and more accustomed to the use of tortillas instead of bread.

tortuous

a

감긴; 비비꼬인

winding; full of curves

Becuase this road is so tortuous, it is unwise to go faster than twenty miles an hour on it.

touchstone

n

금석; 기준

stone used to test the fineness of gold alloys; criterion

What touchstone can be used to measure the character of a person?

touchy

a

과민한; 타기 쉬운

sensitive; irascible

Do not discuss this phase of the problem as he is very touchy about it.

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tout

v

손님을 끌다; 몹시 칭찬하다

publicize; praise excessively

I lost confidence in my broker after he touted some junk bonds that turned out to be a bad investment.

toxic

a

유독한

poisonous

We must seek an antidote for whatever toxic substance he has eaten.

tract

n

소책자; 넓은 지역

pamphlet; a region of indefinite size

The King granted William Penn a tract of land in the New World.

tractable

a

다루기 쉬운

docile

You will find the children in this school very tractable and willing to learn.

traduce

v

비방하다

expose to slander

His opponents tried to traduce the candidate's reputation by spreading rumors about his past.

trajectory

n

탄도

path taken by a projectile

The police tried to locate the spot from which the assassin had fired the fatal shot by tracing the trajectory of the bullet.

tranquillity

n

고요; 평온

calmness; peace

After the commotion and excitement of the city, I appreciate the tranquillity of these fields and forests.

transcend

v

초월하다; 능가하다

exceed; surpass

This accomplishment transcends all our previous efforts.

transcribe

v

베끼다, 옮겨 적다

copy

When you transcribe your notes, please send a copy to Mr. Smith and keep the original for our files.

transgression

n

위반; 죄

violation of a law; sin

Forgive us our transgressions.

transient

a

무상한; 일시의; 잠깐 머무는

fleeting; quickly passing away; staying for a short time

This hotel casters to a transient trade.

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transition

n

변천

going from one state of action to another

During the period of transition from oil heat to gas heat, the furnace will have to be shut off.

transitoriness

n

순간성, 덧없음, 비영구성

impermanence, transience

Conscious that all things pass, the psalmist relates the transitoriness of happiness and fame.

translucent

a

반투명의

partly transparent

We could not recognize the people in the next room because of the translucent curtains which separated us.

transmute

v

바꾸다; 변화시키다

change; convert to something different

He was unable to transmute his dreams into actualities.

transparent

a

투명한

permitting light to pass through freely

Your scheme is so transparent that it will fool no one.

transpire

v

수분을 발산하다; <비밀>새어나오다; <사건>일어나다

exhale; become known; happen

In spite of all our efforts to keep the meeing a secret, news of our conclusions transpired.

trappings

n

악세사리; 장식

outward decorations; ornaments

He loved the trappings of success

traumatic

a

상처의, 상처를 입은

pertaining to an injury caused by violence

In his nightmares, he kept on recalling the traumatic experience of being wounded in battle.

travail

n

노고

painful labor

How long do you think a man can endure such travail and degradation without rebelling?

traverse

v

가로지르다

go through or across

When you traverse this field, be careful of the bull.

travesty

n

우스꽝스럽게 고침, 서투른 모방

comical parody; treatment aimed at making something appear ridiculous

The ridiculous decision the jury has arrived at is a travesty of justice.

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treatise

n

<학문>논문, 논설

article treating a subject systematically and thoroughly

He is preparing a treatise on the Elizabethan playwrights for his graduate degree.

trek

n

여행, 이주자의 대이동

travel; journey

The tribe made their trek further north that summer in search of game.

tremor

n

전율, 겁

trembling; slight quiver

She had a nervous tremor in her right hand.

tremulous

a

떠는, 전율하는, 겁많은

trembling; wavering

She was tremulous more from excitement than from fear.

trenchant

a

날카로운, 박력있는, 통렬한, 신랄한, 강력한, 효과적인

cutting; keen

I am afraid of his trenchant wit for it is so often sarcastic.

trepidation

n

전율, 공포, 당황, 두려움, 동요

fear; trembling agitation

We must face the enemy without trepidation if we are to win this battle.

tribulation

n

고난, 재난, 시련

distress; suffering

After all the trials and tribulations we have gone through, we need this rest.

tribunal

n

법정, 법원, 판사석

court of justice

The decision of the tribunal was final and the prisoner was sentenced to death.

tribute

n

공물, 찬사

tax levied by a ruler; mark of respect

The colonists refused to pay tribute to a foreign despot.

trident

n

삼지창

three-pronged spear

Neptune is usually depicted as rising from the sea, carrying his trident on his shoulder.

trilogy

n

<연극, 소설 따위>3부작

group of three works

Romain Rolland's novel 'Jean Christophe' was first published as a trilogy.

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trinket

n

작은 장신구, 방물, 하찮은 물건

knickknack; bauble

Whenever she traveled abroad, Ethel would pick up costume jewelry and other trinkets as souvenirs.

trite

a

흔해빠진, 진부한, 평범한, 케케묵은

hackneyed; commonplace

The trite and predictable situations in many television programs alienate many viewers.

trivia

n

하찮은(사소한) 일(것)

trifles; unimportant matters

Too many magazines ignore newsworthy subjects and feather trivia.

troth

n

진실, 성실, 약속, 약혼

pledge of good faith especially in betrothal

He gave her his troth and vowed he would cherish her always.

truculence

n

야만, 잔인; 신랄함

aggressiveness; ferocity

Tynan's reviews were noted for their caustic attacks and general tone of truculence.

truism

n

자명한 이치, 공리, 판에 박은 진부한 문구

self-evident truth

Many a truism is well expressed in a proverb.

truncate

v

끝을 자르다, 면이 도게 자르다

cut the top off

The top of a cone which has been truncated in a plane parallel to its base is a circle.

tryst

n

만날 약속, 회합

meeting

The lovers kept their tryst even though they realized their danger.

tumid

a

부어오른, 과장된, 허풍떠는

swollen; pompous; bombastic

I especially dislike his tumid style; I prefer writing which is less swollen and bombastic.

tumult

n

큰소동, 소란, 떠들썩함; 폭동

commotion; riot; noise

She could not make herself heard over the tumult of the mob.

tundra

n

동토대, 툰드라

rolling, treeless plain in Siberia and arctic North America

Despite the cold, many geologists are trying to discover valuable mineral deposits in the tundra.

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turbid

a

탁한, 자욱한, 혼란된

muddy; having the sediment disturbed

The water was turbid after the children had waded through it.

turbulence

n

떠들썩함, 혼란, 소란, 교란

state of violent agitation

We were frightened by the turbulence of the ocean during the storm.

tureen

n

뚜껑이 있는 움푹한 접시

deep table dish for holding soup

The watiers brought the soup to the tables in silver tureens.

turgid

a

부어오른, 과장된

swollen; distended

The turgid river threatened to overflow the levees and flood the countryside.

turmoil

n

(마음의)혼란, 동요; 소란, 소동

confusion; strife

Conscious he had sinned, he ws in a state of spiritual turmoil.

turncoat

n

배신자, 변절자

traitor

The British considered Benedict Arnold a loyalist; the Americans considered him a turncoat.

turpitude

n

비열, 타락

depravity

A visitor may be denided admittance to this country if she has been guilty of moral turpitude.

tutelage

n

후견, 보호, 감독, 지도

guardianship; training

Under the tutelage of such masters of the instrument, she made rapid progress as a virtuoso.

tutelary

a

수호하는, 후견상의, 후견인의

protective; pertaining to a guardianship

I am acting in my tutelary capacity when I refuse to grant you permission to leave the campus.

tycoon

n

실업계(정계)의 거두(거물)

wealthy leader

John D. Rockefeller was a prominent tycoon.

tyranny

n

폭정, 압제, 전제정치

oppression; cruel government

Frederick Douglass fought against the tyranny of slavery throughout his entire life.

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tyro

n

초심자, 초학자, 초보자

beginner; novice

For a mere tyro, you have produced some marvelous results.

ubiquitous

a

어디에나 있는, 도처에 모습을 나타내는, 편재하는

being everywhere omnipresent

You must be ubiquitous for I meet you wherever I go.

ulterior

a

표면에 나타나지 않은, 숨은; 저쪽 멀리의

situated beyond; unstated and often questionable

You must have an ulteiror motive for your behavior, since there is no obvious reason for it.

ulterior

a

저쪽의, 드러나지 않은

situated beyond; unstated and often questionable

You must have an ulterior motive for your behavior, since there is no obvious reason for it.

ultimate

a

최후의, 궁극적인, 근본(기본)적인, 가장 먼

final; not susceptible to further analysis

Scientists are searching for the ultimate truths.

ultimatum

n

최후 통첩, 최종 결론, 근본 원리

last demand; warning

Since they have ignored our ultimatum, our only recourse is to declare war.

umbrage

n

불쾌, 노여움

resentment; anger; sense of injury or insult

She took umbrage at his remarks and stormed away in a huff.

unanimity

n

만장 일치, 전원 합의

complete agreement

We were surprised by the unanimity with which our proposals were accepted by the different groups.

unassuaged

a

불만족한, 진정되지 않은, 완화되지 않는

unsatisfied; not soothed

Her anger is unassuaged by your apology.

unassuming

a

주제넘지 않은, 겸손한

modest

He is so unassuming that some people fail to realize how great a man he really is.

unbridled

a

난폭한, 재갈을 물리지 않은, 억제할 수 없는

violent

She had a sudden fit of unbridled rage.

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uncanny

a

신비스러운, 무시무시한, 초인간인, 기분 나쁜

strange; mysterious

You have the uncanny knack of reading my innermost thoughts.

unconscionable

a

불합리한, 부조리의, 터무니없는

unscrupulous; excessive

She found the loan shark's demands unconscionable and impossible to meet.

uncouth

a

무작한, 조야한, 촌티 나는

outlandish; clumsy; boorish

Most biographers portray Lincoln as an uncouth and ungainly young man.

unction

n

기름을 몸에 바름 (도유)

the act of anointing with oil

The anointing with oil of a person near death is called extreme unction.

unctuous

a

기름 같은, 매끄러운, 상냥한

oily; bland; insincerely suave

Uriah Heep disguised his nefarious actions by unctuous protestations of his "humility."

undermine

v

기초를 위태롭게 하다, (남의 건강, 평판 따위)를 은밀히 해치다; ~의 밑을 파다

weaken; sap

The recent corruption scandals have undermined many people's faith in the city government.

undulate

v

물결치다, 파동치다, 기복하다, 진동시키다

move with a wavelike motion

The flag undulated in the breeze.

unearth

v

발굴하다, 파내다, 발견하다

dig up

When they unearthed the city, the archeologists found many relics of an ancient civilization.

unearthly

a

초자연적인; 섬뜩한

not earthly; weird

There is an unearthly atmosphere in her work which amazes the casual observer.

unequivocal

a

애매하지 않은; 명백한, 솔직한

plain; obvious

My answer to your proposal is an unequivocal and absolute "No."

unerringly

d

틀림없이; 기준을 벗어나지 않게, 정확히, 확실하게, 잘못 없이

infallibly

My teacher unerringly pounced on the one typographical error in my essay.

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unfaltering

a

확고한, 꿋꿋한, 당당한, 망설이지 않는

steadfast

She approached the guillotine with unfaltering steps.

unfeigned

a

거짓 없는, 진실한, 성실한, 꾸밈없는

genuine; real

She turned so pale that I am sure her surprise was unfeigned.

unfetter

v

족쇄를 풀다, 속박을 풀다, 해방하다

liberate; free from chains

Chained to the wall for months on end, the hostage despaired that he would ever be unfettered.

unfledged

a

미숙한, 어린, 젖내나는

immature

It is hard for an unfledged writer to find a sympathetic publisher.

unfrock

v

성직을 박탈하다, 제명하다, 제의를 벗기다

to strip a priest or minister of church authority

To disbar a lawyer, to unfrock a priest, to suspend a doctor's license to practice - these are extreme steps that the authorities should take only after careful consideration.

ungainly

a

보기 흉한, 볼품없는, 몰골 사나운, 서투른

awkward

He is an ungainly young man; he trips over everything.

unguent

n

연고

ointment

Apply this unguent to the sore muscles before retiring.

uniformity

n

동일(성), 균일(성), 획일(성); 일관(성)

sameness; consistency; monotony

After a while, the uniformity of TV situation comedies becomes boring.

unilateral

a

일방적인, 한쪽으로만 제한된

one-sides

This legislation is unilateral since it binds only one party in the controversy.

unimpeachable

a

비난할 수 없는, 나무랄 데 없는, 탄핵할 수 없는

blameless and exemplary

Her conduct in office was unimpeachable and her record is spotless.

uninhibited

a

억압되지 않은, (행동 따위가)구속되지 않은, 자유로운

unrepressed

The congregation was shocked by her uninhibited laughter during the sermon.

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unique

a

단 하나뿐인, 독특한, 유일한, 비길 데 없는

without an equal; single in kind

You have the unique distinction of being the first student whom I have had to fail in this course.

unison

n

조화, 화합, 제창, 화음; (비유적)완전한 일치

unity of pitch; complete accord

The choir sang in unison.

universal

a

전체의, 일반적인, 모든 것에 영향이 있는, 보편적인, 도처에 존재하는

characterizing or affecting all; present everywhere

At first, no one shared Christopher's opinions; his theory that the world was round was met with universal disdain.

unkempt

a

빗지 않은, 덥수룩한, 난잡한, 세련되지 않은

disheveled; with uncared-for appearance

The beggar was dirty and unkempt.

unmitigated

a

누그러지지 않는, 좋지 않은, 완전한, 진짜의, 순전한

harsh; severe; not lightened

I sympathize with you in your unmitigated sorrow.

unobtrusive

a

신중한, 삼가는, 주제넘게 나서지 않는

inconspicuous; not blatant

The secret service agents in charge of protecting the President tried to be as unobtrusive as possible.

unprecedented

a

전례가 없는, 참신한, 새로운

novel; unparalleled

Margaret Mitchell's book 'Gone with the Wind' was an unprecedented success.

unprepossessing

a

매력 없는, 호감을 주지 않는, 애교 없는

unattractive

During adolescence many attractive young people somehow acquire the false notion that their appearance is unprepossessing.

unravel

v

풀다, 고르다, 해명하다, 해결하다

disentangle; solve

With equal ease Miss Marple unraveled tangled balls of yarn and baffling murder mysteries.

unruly

a

무법의, 제어하기 힘든, 고분고분하지 않은, 제멋대로의, 다루기 힘든

disobedient; lawless

The only way to curb this unruly mob is to use tear gas.

unsavory

a

맛없는; 불쾌한, 재미없는; 도덕적으로 불미한

distasteful; morally offensive

People with unsavory reputations should not be allowed to work with young children.

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unscathed

a

상처(해)를 입지 않은, 흠이 없는

unharmed

They prayed he would come back from the war unscathed.

unseemly

a

보기 흉한, 꼴사나운, 어울리지 않는, 부적당한

unbecoming; indecent

Your levity is unseemly at this time of mourning.

unsightly

a

꼴불견의, 볼품없는, 눈에 거슬리는, 보기 흉한

ugly

Although James was an experienced emergency room nurse, he occasionally became queasy when faced with a particularly unsightly injury.

unsullied

a

더럽혀지지 않은, 오점이 없는

untarnished

I am happy that my reputation is unsullied.

untenable

a

지킬 수 없는, 유지(지지)할 수 없는

unsupportable

I find your theory untenable and must reject it.

untoward

a

운수 나쁜, 고집 센, 반대방향의

unfortunate; annoying

Untoward circumstances prevent me from being with you on this festive occasion.

unwarranted

a

보증이 없는, 시인되지 않은, 근거 없는

unjustified; groundless; undeserved

We could not understand Martin's unwarranted rudeness to his mother's guests.

unwieldy

a

다루기 어려운, 움직이기 힘든, 꼴사나운, 보기 흉한

awkward; cumbersome; unmanageable

The large carton was so unwieldy that the movers had trouble getting it up the stairs.

unwitting

a

의식하지 않은, 부지중의, 생각하지 않는

unintentional; not knowing

She was the unwitting tool of the swindlers.

unwonted

a

익숙하지 않은, 평소에 없는, 보통이 아닌, 드문, 비상한

unaccustomed

He hesitated to assume the unwonted role of master of ceremonies at the dinner.

upbraid

v

꾸짖다, 나무라다, 비난하다

scold; reproach

I must upbraid him for his unruly behavior.

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upshot

n

결론, 결과

outcome

The upshot of the rematch was that the former champion proved that he still possessed all the skills of his youth.

urbane

a

도회지 풍의, 우아한, 세련된, 점잖은, 예절바른

suave; refined; elegant

The courtier was urbane and sophisticated.

urchin

n

장난꾸러기, 개구쟁이

mischievous child

Get out! This store is no place for grubby urchins!

ursine

a

곰 같은

bearlike; pertaining to a bear

Because of its ursine appearance, the great panda has been identified with the bears;actually, it is closely related to the raccoon.

usurp

v

<왕위, 권력 등을>빼앗다; 탈권하다

seize power; supplant

The revolution ended when the victorious rebel leader usurped the throne.

usury

n

고리대금

lending money at illegal rates of interest

The loan shark was found guilty of usury.

utopia

n

이상향

imaginary land with perfect social and political system

Shangri-la was the name of James Hilton's Tibetan utopia.

uxorious

a

아내를 너무 위하는

excessively devoted to one's wife

His friends laughed at him because he was so uxorious and submissive to his wife's desires.

vacillation

n

동요; 흔들림

fluctuation; wavering

His vacillation when confronted with a problem annoyed all of us who had to wait until he made his decision.

vacuous

a

텅빈; 공허한

empty; inane

The vacuous remarks of the politician annoyed the audience, who had hoped to hear more than empty platitudes.

vagabond

n

방랑자; 부랑자

wanderer; tramp

In summer, college students wander the roads of Europe like carefree vagabonds.

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vagary

n

기발한 행동, 변덕, 일시적인 기분

caprice; whim

She followed every vagary of fashion.

vagrant

a

부랑 생활을 하는, 유랑자의; 변하기 쉬운, 변덕스러운

stray; random

He tried to study, but could not collect his vagrant thoughts.

vainglorious

a

자만심이 강한; 허영심이 강한

boastful; excessively conceited

She was a vainglorious and arrogant individual.

valedictory

a

고별의

pertaining to farewell

I found the valedictory address too long; leave-taking should be brief.

valid

a

정당한, 타당한, 설득력 있는, 강력한, 권위 있는

logically convincing; sound; legally acceptable

You're going to have to come up with a better argument if you want to convince me that your reasoning is valid.

validate

v

<법적으로>유효하게 하다; 비준하다

confirm; ratify

I will not publish my findings until I validate my results.

valor

n

용기

bravery

He received the Medal of Honor for his valor in battle.

vampire

n

흡혈귀

ghostly being that sucks the blood of the living

Children were afraid to go to sleep at night because of the many legends of vampires.

vanguard

n

선구자들; 선봉

forerunners; advance forces

We are the vanguard of a tremendous army that is following us.

vantage

n

우세

position giving an advantage

They fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find.

vapid

a

김빠진; 활기없는

insipid; inane

She delivered an uninspired and vapid address.

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variegated

a

잡색의

many-colored

He will not like this solid blue necktie as he is addicted to variegated clothing.

vassal

n

봉건시대의 가신

in feudalism, one who held land of a superior lord

The lord demanded that his vassals contribute more to his military campaign.

vaunted

a

자랑의; 허풍선이; 과시되고 있는

boasted; bragged; highly publicized

This much vaunted project proved a disappointment when it collapsed.

veer

v

방향을 바꾸다

change in direction

After what seemed an eternity, the wind veered to the east and the storm abated.

vegetate

v

단조로운 생활을 하다

live in monotonous way

I do not understand how you can vegetable in this quiet village after the adventure life you have led.

vehement

a

격렬한; 열렬한

impetuous; with marked vigor

He spoke with vehement eloquence in defense of his client.

vellum

n

피지

parchment

Bound in vellum and embossed in gold, this book is a beautiful example of the binder's craft.

velocity

n

속도

speed

The train went by at considerable velocity.

venal

a

매수되기 쉬운

capable of being bribed

The venal policeman accepted the bribe offered him by the speeding motorist whom he had stopped.

vendetta

n

항쟁; 보복

blood feud

The rival mobs engaged in a bitter vendetta.

vendor

n

행상인

seller

The fruit vendor sold her wares from a stall on the sidewalk.

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veneer

n

얇은 피막; 허식

thin layer; cover

Casual acquaintances were deceived by his veneer of sophistication and failed to recognize his fundamental shallowness.

venerable

a

존경할 만한

deserving high respect

We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refuse to follow the advice of our venerable leader.

venerate

v

숭배하다

revere

In China, the people venerale their ancestors.

venial

a

용서받을 수 있는; 죄가 가벼운

forgivable; trivial

We may regard a hungry man's stealing as a venial crime.

venison

n

사슴고기

the meat of a deer

The hunters dined on venison.

vent

v

<감정을>터뜨리다; 발언하다

express; utter

He vented his wrath on his class.

vent

n

구멍; 분출구

a small opening; outlet

The wine did not flow because the air vent in the barrel was clogged.

ventral

a

배의

abdominal

We shall now examine the ventral plates of this serpent.

ventriloquist

n

복화술자

someone who can make his or her voice seem to come from another person or thing

This ventriloquist does an act in which she has a conversation with a wooden dummy.

venturesome

a

대담한

bold

A group of venturesome women were the first to scale Mt. Annapurna.

venturous

a

무모한

daring

The five venturous young men decided to look for a new approach to the mountain top.

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venue

n

장소

location

The attorney asked for a chance of venue; he thought his client would do better if the trial were held in a less conservative country.

veracious

a

정직한

truthful

I can recommend him for this position because I have always found him veracious and reliable.

verbalize

v

언어로 나타내다

to put into words

I know you don't like to talk about these things, but please try to verbalize your feelings.

verbatim

d

말대로

word for word

He repeated the message verbatim.

verbiage

n

장황

pompous array of words

After we had waded through all the verbiage, we discovered that the writer had said very little.

verbose

a

말 수가 많은

wordy

This article is too verbose ; we must edit it.

verdant

a

초록의; 젊은

green; fresh

The verdant meadows in the spring are always an inspiring sight.

verdigris

n

녹청

a green coating on copper which has been exposed to the weather

Despite all attempts to protect the statue from the elements, it became coated with verdigris.

verge

n

가장자리; 변두리

border; edge

Madame Curie knew she was on the verge of discovering the secrets of radioactive elements.

verisimilitude

n

진실인 듯함; 가망

appearance of truth; likelihood

Critics praised her for the verisimilitude of her performance as Lady Macbeth. She was completely believable.

verity

n

진실; 사실

truth; reality

The four verities were revealed to Buddha during his long meditation.

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vernacular

n

자국어; 사투리

living language; natural style

Cut out those old-fashioned thee's and thou's and write in the vernacular.

vernal

a

봄의

pertaining to spring

We may expect vernal showers all during the month of April.

versatile

a

다재한; 다방면의

having many talents; capable of working in many fields

He was a versatile athlete.

vertex

n

최고점, 절정, 정상

summit

Let us drop a perpendicular line from the vertex of the triangle to the base.

vertigo

n

현기증

dizziness

We test potential plane pilots for susceptibility to spells of vertigo.

verve

n

(예술 작품의)활력, 힘, 열; (일반적으로)정기, 기력

enthusiasm; liveliness

She approached her studies with such verve that it was impossible for her to do poorly.

vestige

n

자취, 흔적, 유적

trace; remains

We discovered vestiges of early Indian life in the cave.

vex

v

초조하게 하다, 성가시게 하다, 난처하게 하다; ~을 괴롭히다, 고통을 주다

annoy; distress

Please try not to vex your mother; she is doing the best she can.

viable

a

생존력 있는; 실천할 수 있는

capable of maintaining life

The infant, though premature born, is viable and has a good chance to survive.

viands

n

식품, 음식물, 식료품, 양식

food

There was a variety of viands at the feast.

vicarious

a

대리의, 대리를 하는, 대신하는

acting as a substitute; done by a deputy

Many people get a vicarious thrill at the movies by imagining they are the characters on the screen.

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vicissitude

n

변화, 변천, (인생, 운명의)변이

change of fortune

I am accustomed to life's vicissitudes, having experienced poverty and wealth, sickness and health, and failure and success.

victuals

n

음식물, 양식

food

I am very happy to be able to provide you with these victuals; I know you are hungry.

vie

v

우열을 겨루다, 경쟁하다

contend; compete

When we vie with each other for his approval, we are merely weakening ourselves and strengthening him.

vigilance

n

경계, 조심; 불침번 서기

watchfulness

Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty.

vignette

n

비네트(윤곽을 흐리게 한 상반신의 초상화, 사진); (책 안의 작고 아름다운 삽화)

picture; short literary sketch

'The New Yorker' published her latest vignette.

vilify

v

헐뜯다, 비방하다, 훼손하다, 중상하다

slander

She is a liar and is always trying to vilify my reputation.

vindicate

v

변호(옹호)하다, 논박하다, ~의 혐의를 풀다, 요구하다, 보복하다

clear of charges

I hope to vindicate my client and return him to society as a free man.

vindictive

a

복수심이 있는, 앙심을 품은

revengeful

She was very vindictive and never forgave an injury.

vintner

n

포도주 양조업자, 포도주 상인

winemaker; seller of wine

The poet wondered what the vintners could buy that would be half as precious as the wine they sold.

viper

n

살모사, 독사; 독사 같은 사람

poisonous snake

The habitat of the horned viper, a particularly venomous snake, is in sandy regions like the Sahara or the Sinai peninsula.

virile

a

남성의, 씩씩한, 힘찬; 생식력 있는

manly

I do not accept the premise that a man is virile only when he is belligerent.

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virtual

a

사실상의, 실질적인; 실효성 있는

in essence; for practical purposes

She is a virtual financial wizard when it comes to money matters.

virtue

n

미덕, 덕, 선

goodness; moral excellence; good quality

Virtue carried to extremes can turn into vice

virtuoso

n

(예술의) 명장, 대가; 미술품 애호가(감정가)

highly skilled artist

The child prodigy Yehudi Menuhin grew into a virtuoso whose virtuosity on the violin thrilled millions.

virulent

a

유독한, 독성의; 악의 있는

extremely poisonous

The virus is highly virulent and has made many of us ill for days.

virus

n

병독, 해독, 바이러스

disease communicator

The doctors are looking for a specific medicine to control this virus.

visage

n

얼굴, 용모, 생김새

face; appearance

The stern visage of the judge indicated that she had decided to impose a severe penalty.

visceral

a

내장의, (병이)내장을 침범하는, 뱃속으로부터의; 감정적인, 이성적이 아닌

felt in one's inner organs

She disliked the visceral sensations she had whenever she rode the roller coaster.

viscid

a

끈적끈적한, 점착성의, 흐물흐물한

sticky; adhesive

Glue is a viscid liquid.

viscous

a

끈적거리는, 끈기 있는, 점착성의

sticky; gluey

Melted tar is a viscous substance.

vise

n

바이스

tool for holding work in place

Before filing its edges, the keysmith took the blank key and fixed it firmly between the jaws of a vise.

visionary

a

환영의, 공상적인, 꿈 같은

produced by imagination; fanciful; mystical

She was given to visionary schemes which never materialized.

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vital

a

생명의; 활기 있는, 원기 왕성한; 필수적인, 중요한

vibrant and lively; critical; living, breathing

The vital, highly energetic first aid instructer stressed that it was vital in examining accident victims to note their vital signs.

vitiate

v

손상하다; 타락시키다; 무효로 하다

spoil the effect of; make inoperative

Fraud will vitiate the contract.

vitreous

a

유리 같은, 유리질의, 유리로 된

pertaining to or resembling glass

Although this plastic has many vitreous qualities such as transparency, it is unbreakable.

vitriolic

a

황산의; 신랄한, 통렬한

corrosive; sarcastic

Such vitriolic criticism is uncalled for.

vituperative

a

욕지거리하는, 악담하는, 독설을 퍼붓는

abusive; scolding

He became more vituperative as he realized that we were not going to grant him his wish.

vivacious

a

활기 있는, 활발한, 명랑한

animated; gay

She had always been vivacious and sparkling.

vivisection

n

생체 해부, 생체 실험

act of dissecting living animals

The society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals opposed vivisection and deplored the practice of using animals in scientific experiments.

vixen

n

잔소리 심한 여자, 심술쟁이 여자; 암여우

female fox; ill-tempered woman

Aware that she was right once again, he lost his temper and called her a shrew and a vixen.

vociferous

a

고함치는, 시끄러운, 큰소리의

clamorous; noisy

The crowd grew vociferous in its anger and threatened to take the law into its own hands.

vogue

n

유행, 인기, 호평

popular fashion

Jeans became the vogue on many college campuses.

volatile

a

휘발성의; 쾌활한; 변덕스러운, 경박한

changeable; explosive; evaporating rapidly

The political climate is extremely volatile

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volition

n

의지 작용, 의욕, 결의

act of making a conscious choice

She selected this dress of her own volition.

voluble

a

변설이 유창한, 달변의, 입심좋은

fluent; glib

She was a voluble speaker, always ready to talk.

voluminous

a

(용적이)큰, 덩치 큰; 다작의

bulky; large

Despite her family burdens, she kept up a voluminous correspondence with her friends.

voluptuous

a

육욕에 빠진; 관능적인, 요염한

gratifying the senses

The nobility during the Renaissance led voluptuous lives.

voracious

a

게걸스럽게 먹는, 식욕이 왕성한, 탐욕스러운

ravenous

The wolf is a voracious animal, its hunger never satisfied.

vortex

n

소용돌이, 회오리바람, 급격한 사태

whirlwind; whirlpool; center of turbulence; predicament into which one is inexorably plunged

Sucked into the vortex of the tornado, Dorothy and Toto were carried from Kansas to Oz.

vouchsafe

v

허용하다, 주다, 내리다, ~해주시다

grant condescendingly; guarantee

I can safely vouchsafe you fair return on your investment.

voyeur

n

(성적으로)엿보는 취미를 가진 사람

Peeping Tom

Jill called Jack a voyeur when she caught him aiming his binoculars at a bedroom window of the house next door.

vulnerable

a

상처를 입기 쉬운, 취약한

susceptible to wounds

Achilles was vulnerable only in his heel.

vulpine

a

여우같은, 교활한, 간사한

like a fox; crafty

She disliked his sly ways, but granted him a certain vulpine intelligence.

waffle

v

불명료하게 말하다

speak equivocally about an issue

When asked directly about the governor's involvement in the savings and loan scandal, the press secretary waffled, talking all around the issue.

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waft

v

(소리, 냄새 따위를) 떠돌게 하다, 부동하게 하다, 가볍게 날리다(보내다)

moved gently by wind or waves

Daydreaming, he gazed at the leaves that wafted past his window.

waggish

a

우스꽝스러운, 익살맞은, 까부는, 장난을 좋아하는

mischievous; humorous; tricky

He was a prankster who, unfortunately, often overlooked the damage he could cause with his waggish tricks.

waif

n

부랑자; 무리에서 벗어난 동물

homeless child or animal

Although he already had eight cats, he could not resist adopting yet another feline waif.

waive

v

포기하다, 보류하다, 미루다

give up temporarily; yield

I will waive my rights in this matter in order to expedite our reaching a proper decision.

wallow

v

(짐승이 물,눈,진흙탕 속을)뒹굴다; (쾌락 따위에)젖다

roll in; indulge in; become helpless

The hippopotamus love to wallow in the mud.

wan

a

창백한, 병약한, 나른한, 힘없는

having a pale or sickly color; pallid

Sucking asked, "Why so pale and wan, fond lover?"

wane

v

미끄러지다, 작아지다, 약해지다

grow gradually smaller

From now until December 21, the winter solstice, the hours of daylight will wane.

wangle

v

(책략, 음모 따위로)~을 손에 넣다, 용케 해내다; 속이다, 부정한 책략을 쓰다

wiggle out; fake

She tried to wangle an invitation to the party.

wanton

a

엉터리 없는, 무엄한, 이유없는, 제멋대로의

unrestrained; willfully malicious; unchaste

Pointing to the stack of bills, Sheldon criticized Sarah for her wanton expenditures. In response, Sara accused Sheldon of making an unfounded, wanton attack.

warble

v

(사람이) 목소리를 떨며 노래하다; (새가)지저귀다

sing; babble

Every morning the birds warbled outside her window.

warrant

v

권한(권응)을 주다, 인가하다, 정당화하다, 옳다고 하다

justify; authorize

Before the judge issues the injunction, you must convince her this action is warranted.

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warranty

n

근거, 정당한 이유, 보증, 담보

guarantee; assurance by seller

The purchaser of this automobile is protected by the manufacturer's warranty that he will replace any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles.

warren

n

토끼 사육장; 과밀 지역

tunnels in which live; crowded conditions in which people live

The tenement was a veritable warren, packed with people too poor to live elsewhere.

wary

a

조심성 있는, 방심 않는, 세심한

very cautious

The spies grew wary as they approached the sentry.

wastrel

n

낭비자; 건달, 부랑아

profligate

He was denounced as a wastrel who had dissipated his inheritance.

wax

v

커지다, 증대하다

increase; grow

With proper handing, his fortunes waxed and he became rich.

waylay

v

잠복하다, 요격하다; ~을 기다렸다가 말을 걸다

ambush; lie in wait

They agreed to waylay their victim as he passed through the dark alley going home.

wean

v

젖을 떼다, 이유시키다; (나쁜 버릇 따위를) 버리게 하다

accustom a baby not to murse; give up a cherished activity

He decided he would wean himself away from eating junk food and stick to fruits and vegetables.

weather

v

(폭풍, 곤란)을 이겨내다, 견디다; 풍화하다, (외기에 쐬어)색이 날다

endure the effects of weather or other forces

He weathered the changes in his personal life with difficulty, as he had no one in whom to confide.

welt

n

(매,막대기에 의한)매질한 자국; 강타, 일격

mark from a beating or whipping

The evidence of child abuse was very clear; Jennifer's small body was covered with welts and bruises.

welter (n)

n

혼란, 엉망진창; 굽이침, 소용돌이침; 뒹굴기

turnmoil; bewildering jumble

The existing welter of overlapping federal and state proclaims cries out for immediate reform.

welter (v)

v

발버둥치다, 뒹굴다; 구르다, 굴러다니다

wallow

윤 태 화 영 어 연 구 실 h t t p : / / w w w . v s t u d y . c o . k r 3 3 4 / 3 3 8

VStudy 33000

wheedle

v

감언이설로 유혹하다, 아부하다

cajole; coax; deceive by flattery

She knows she can wheedle almost anything she wants from her father.

whelp

n

강아지; (사자, 호랑이 따위의)새끼, (경멸적)아이, 개구장이

young wolf, dog, tiger, etc

This collie whelp won't do for breeding, but he'd make a fine pet.

whet

v

(칼 따위를)갈다; 자극하다, 돋우다

sharpen; stimulate

The odors from the kitchen are whetting my appetite; I will be ravenous by the time the meal is served.

whimsical

a

마음 잘 변하는, 변덕스러운; 환상적인

capricious; fanciful

He dismissed his generous gift to his college as a sentimental fancy, an old man's whimsical gesture.

whinny

v

(말이)히잉 울다, 히힝 울어 ~을 나타내다

neigh like a horse

When he laughed through his nose, it sounded as if he whinnied.

whit

n

약간, 조금

samllest speck

There is not a whit of intelligence or understanding in your observations.

whorl

n

윤생체; 나선부; 나이테

ring of leaves around stem; ring

Identification by fingerprints is based on the difference in shape and number of the whorls on the fingers.

willful

a

고의의, 계획적인; 고집센

intentional, headstrong

Donald had planned to kill his wife for months; clearly, her death was a case of deliberate, willful murder, not a crime of passion committed by a hasty, willful youth unable to foresee the consequences of his deeds.

wily

a

꾀 많은, 책략을 쓰는, 교활한

cunning; artful

She is as wily as a fox in avoiding trouble.

wince

v

주출하다, 움츠리다

shrink back; flinch

The screech of the chalk on the blackboard made her wince.

windfall

a

바람에 떨어진 과실; 뜻박의 횡재(유산 따위)

fallen fruit; unexpected lucky event

This huge tax refund is quite a windfall.

윤 태 화 영 어 연 구 실 h t t p : / / w w w . v s t u d y . c o . k r 3 3 5 / 3 3 8

VStudy 33000

winnow

v

키질(체질)하다, 까부르다; (좋은 부분을) 골라내다, 가려내다

sift; separate good parts from bad

This test will winnow out the students who study from those who don't bother.

winsome

a

매력있는, 명랑한, 쾌활한, 사람을 끄는, 애교 있는

agreeable; gracious; engaging

By her winsome manner, she made herself liked by everyone who met her.

wispy

a

작은 다발의, 호리호리한, 가냘픈, 가느다란

thin; slight, barely discernible

Worried about preserving his few wispy tufts of hair, Walter carefully massaged his scalp and applied hair restorer every night.

wistful

a

탐내는 듯한; 그리워하는 듯한; 생각에 잠긴

vaguely longing; sadly pensive

With a last wistful glance at the happy couples dancing in the hall, Sue headed back to her room to study for her exam.

wither

v

(식물이)시들다; 말라죽다; (용모, 체력이)쇠약해지다, (희망, 애정이)희미해지다

shrivel; decay

Cut flowers are beautiful for a day, but all too soon they wither.

witless

a

어리석은; 비상식적인

foolish; idiotic

Such witless and fatuous statements will create the impression that you are an ignorant individual.

witticism

n

익살; 경구

witty saying; facetious remark

What you regard as witticisms are often offensive to sensitive people.

wizardry

n

마법; 마술

sorcery; magic

Merlin amazed the knights with his wizardry.

wizened

a

시든; 쭈글쭈글한

withered; shriveled

The wizened old man in the home for the aged was still active and energetic.

wont

n

습관; 버릇

custom; habitual procedure

As was his wont, he jogged two miles every morning before going to work.

worldly

a

세상의; 세속적인

engrossed in matters of this earth; not spiritual

You must leave your worldly goods behind you when you go to meet your Maker.

윤 태 화 영 어 연 구 실 h t t p : / / w w w . v s t u d y . c o . k r 3 3 6 / 3 3 8

VStudy 33000

wraith

n

유령; 생령

ghost; phantom of a living person

It must be a horrible experience to see a ghost; it is even more horrible to see the wraith of a person we know to be alive.

wrangle

v

말다툼하다; 설복하다; <가축을>돌보다

quarrel; obtain through arguing; herd cattle

They wrangled over their inheritance.

wrath

n

격노; 분노

anger; fury

She turned to him, full of wrath, and said, "What makes you think I'll accept lower pay for this job than you get?"

wreak

v

터뜨리다, (원한 등을)갚다

inflict

I am afraid he will wreak his vengeance on the innocent as well as the guilty.

wrench

v

잡아끌다; 뒤틀게하다; 비틀다

pull; strain; twist

She wrenched free of her attacker and landed a powerful kick to his grasp.

wrest

v

비틀다; 억지로 얻어내다

pull away; take by violence

With only ten seconds left to play, our team wrested victory from their grasp.

writ

n

(법률)영장; 공문서, (고어)서류, 문서

written command issued by a court

The hero of Leonard's novel is a process sever who invents unorthodox ways of serving writs on reluctant parties.

writhe

v

꿈틀거리다; 몸을 뒤틀다

squirm; twist

He was writhing in pain, desperate for the drug his body required.

wry

a

비틀어진; 찡그린

twisted; with a humorous twist

We enjoy Dorothy Parker's verse for its wry wit.

xenophobia

n

외국인(것)을 싫어함

fear of hatred of foreigners

When the refugee arrived in America, he was unprepared for the xenophobia he found there.

yen

n

동경; 열망

longing; urge

She had a yen to get away and live on her own for a while.

윤 태 화 영 어 연 구 실 h t t p : / / w w w . v s t u d y . c o . k r 3 3 7 / 3 3 8

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

1

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

1. abase

2. abash

3. abdicate

4. abettor

5. abeyance

6. abhor

7. abjure

8. ablution

9. abominate

10. aboriginal

11. abortive

12. abrade

13. abrogate

14. abscond

15. absolve

16. abstemious

17. abstinence

18. abstract

19. abstruse

20. abusive

21. abut

22. abysmal

23. abyss

24. academic

25. accede

26. accelerate

27. accessible

28. accessory

29. acclaim

30. acclimate

31. acclivity

32. accolade

33. accommodate

34. accomplice

35. accord

36. accost

37. accouter

38. accretion

39. accrue

40. acerbity

41. acetic

42. acidulous

43. acknowledge

44. acme

45. acoustics

46. acquiesce

47. acquittal

48. acrid

49. acrimonious

50. acrophobia

51. actuarial

52. actuate

53. acuity

54. acumen

55. acute

56. adage

57. adamant

58. adapt

59. addendum

60. addiction

61. addle

62. address

63. adept

64. adhere

65. adherent

66. adjacent

67. adjunct

68. adjuration

69. adjutant

70. admonish

71. adorn

72. adroit

73. adulation

74. adulterate

75. advent

76. adventitious

77. adversary

78. adverse

79. adversity

80. advert

81. advocacy

82. advocate

83. aegis

84. aerie

85. aesthetic

86. affable

87. affected

88. affidavit

89. affiliation

90. affinity

91. affirmation

92. affix

93. affliction

94. affluence

95. affray

96. affront

97. agape

98. agenda

99. agglomeration

100. aggrandize

101. aggregate

102. aghast

103. agility

104. agitate

105. agnostic

106. agrarian

107. alacrity

108. alchemy

109. alcove

110. alias

111. alienate

112. alimentary

113. alimony

114. allay

115. allege

116. allegiance

117. allegory

118. alleviate

119. alliteration

120. allocate

121. alloy

122. alloy

123. allude

124. allure

125. allusion

126. alluvial

127. aloft

128. aloof

129. altercation

130. altruistic

131. amalgamate

132. amass

133. amazon

134. ambidextrous

135. ambience

136. ambiguous

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

2

137. ambivalence

138. amble

139. ambrosia

140. ambulatory

141. ameliorate

142. amenable

143. amend

144. amenities

145. amiable

146. amicable

147. amiss

148. amity

149. amnesia

150. amnesty

151. amok(amuck)

152. amoral

153. amorous

154. amorphous

155. amphibian

156. amphitheater

157. ample

158. amplify

159. amputate

160. amulet

161. anachronism

162. analgesic

163. analogous

164. analogy

165. anarchist

166. anarchy

167. anathema

168. ancestry

169. anchor

170. ancillary

171. anecdote

172. anemia

173. anesthetic

174. anguish

175. angular

176. animadversion

177. animated

178. animosity

179. animus

180. annals

181. anneal

182. annex

183. annihilate

184. annotate

185. annuity

186. annul

187. anodyne

188. anoint

189. anomalous

190. anomaly

191. anonymity

192. antagonism

193. antecede

194. antediluvian

195. anthem

196. anthology

197. anthropoid

198. anthropologist

199. anthropomorphic

200. anticlimax

201. antidote

202. antipathy

203. antiquated

204. antiseptic

205. antithesis

206. anvil

207. apathy

208. ape

209. aperture

210. apex

211. aphasia

212. aphorism

213. apiary

214. aplomb

215. apocalyptic

216. apocryphal

217. apogee

218. apolitical

219. apologist

220. apostate

221. apothecary

222. apothegm

223. apotheosis

224. appall

225. apparition

226. appease

227. appellation

228. append

229. application

230. apposite

231. appraise

232. appreciate

233. apprehend

234. apprehensive

235. apprise

236. approbation

237. appropriate

238. appurtenances

239. apropos

240. aptitude

241. aquiline

242. arable

243. arbiter

244. arbitrary

245. arbitrate

246. arboretum

247. arcade

248. arcane

249. archaeology

250. archaic

251. archetype

252. archipelago

253. archives

254. ardor

255. arduous

256. argot

257. aria

258. arid

259. aristocracy

260. armada

261. aromatic

262. arraign

263. array

264. array

265. arrears

266. arrhythmic

267. arrogance

268. arroyo

269. arsenal

270. articulate

271. artifact

272. artifice

273. artisan

274. artless

275. ascendancy

276. ascertain

277. ascetic

278. ascribe

279. aseptic

280. ashen

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

3

281. asinine

282. askance

283. askew

284. asperity

285. aspersion

286. aspirant

287. aspire

288. assail

289. assay

290. assent

291. assert

292. assessment

293. assiduous

294. assimilate

295. assuage

296. assumption

297. assurance

298. asteroid

299. astigmatism

300. astral

301. astringent

302. astronomical

303. astute

304. asunder

305. asylum

306. asymmetric

307. atavism

308. atheistic

309. atone

310. atrocity

311. atrophy

312. attentive

313. attenuate

314. attest

315. attribute

316. attribute

317. attrition

318. atypical

319. audacious

320. audit

321. augment

322. augury

323. august

324. aureole

325. auroral

326. auspicious

327. austere

328. authenticate

329. authoritarian

330. authoritative

331. autocratic

332. automaton

333. autonomous

334. autopsy

335. auxiliary

336. avalanche

337. avarice

338. avenge

339. aver

340. averse

341. aversion

342. avert

343. aviary

344. avid

345. avocation

346. avow

347. avuncular

348. awe

349. awl

350. awry

351. axiom

352. azure

353. babble

354. badger

355. badinage

356. baffle

357. bagatelle

358. bait

359. baleful

360. balk

361. ballast

362. balm

363. balmy

364. banal

365. bane

366. baneful

367. bantering

368. bard

369. barefaced

370. baroque

371. barrage

372. barrister

373. barterer

374. bask

375. bastion

376. bate

377. bauble

378. bawdy

379. beatific

380. beatitude

381. bedizen

382. bedraggle

383. beeline

384. befuddle

385. beget

386. begrudge

387. beguile

388. behemoth

389. beholden

390. behoove

391. belabor

392. belated

393. beleaguer

394. belie

395. belittle

396. bellicose

397. belligerent

398. bemoan

399. bemused

400. benediction

401. benefactor

402. beneficent

403. beneficial

404. beneficiary

405. benevolent

406. benign

407. benison

408. bent

409. bequeath

410. berate

411. bereavement

412. bereft

413. berserk

414. beseech

415. beset

416. besiege

417. besmirch

418. bestial

419. bestow

420. betoken

421. betray

422. betroth

423. bevy

424. bicameral

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

4

425. bicker

426. biennial

427. bifurcated

428. bigotry

429. bilious

430. bilk

431. billowing

432. bivouac

433. bizarre

434. blanch

435. bland

436. blandishment

437. blare

438. blase

439. blasphemy

440. blatant

441. bleak

442. blighted

443. blithe

444. bloated

445. blowhard

446. bludgeon

447. bluff

448. bluff

449. blunder

450. blurt

451. bluster

452. bode

453. bogus

454. bohemian

455. boisterous

456. bolster

457. bolt

458. bolt

459. bombardment

460. bombastic

461. boon

462. boorish

463. bouillon

464. bountiful

465. bourgeois

466. bovine

467. bowdlerize

468. boycott

469. brackish

470. braggadocio

471. braggart

472. brandish

473. bravado

474. brawn

475. brazen

476. breach

477. breadth

478. brevity

479. brindled

480. bristling

481. brittle

482. broach

483. brocade

484. brochure

485. brooch

486. brook

487. browbeat

488. browse

489. brunt

490. brusque

491. buccaneer

492. bucolic

493. buffet

494. buffoonery

495. bugaboo

496. bullion

497. bulwark

498. bungle

499. buoyant

500. bureaucracy

501. burgeon

502. burlesque

503. burly

504. burnish

505. buttress

506. buxom

507. cabal

508. cache

509. cacophony

510. cadaver

511. cadaverous

512. cadence

513. cajole

514. calamity

515. caldron

516. caliber

517. calligraphy

518. callous

519. callow

520. calorific

521. calumniate

522. calumny

523. camaraderie

524. cameo

525. camouflage

526. canard

527. candor

528. canine

529. canker

530. canny

531. canon

532. cant

533. cantankerous

534. cantata

535. canter

536. canto

537. canvass

538. capacious

539. capacity

540. capillary

541. capitulate

542. caprice

543. capricious

544. caption

545. captious

546. carafe

547. carapace

548. carat

549. carcinogenic

550. cardinal

551. cardiologist

552. careen

553. caricature

554. carillon

555. carnage

556. carnal

557. carnivorous

558. carousal

559. carping

560. carrion

561. cartographer

562. cascade

563. caste

564. castigation

565. casualty

566. cataclysm

567. catalyst

568. catapult

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

5

569. cataract

570. catastrophe

571. catcall

572. categorical

573. catharsis

574. cathartic

575. catholic

576. caucus

577. caulk

578. causal

579. caustic

580. cauterize

581. cavalcade

582. cavalier

583. cavil

584. cede

585. celerity

586. celestial

587. celibate

588. censor

589. censorious

590. censure

591. centaur

592. centigrade

593. centrifugal

594. centripetal

595. centurion

596. cerebral

597. cerebration

598. ceremonious

599. certitude

600. cessation

601. cession

602. chafe

603. chaff

604. chaffing

605. chagrin

606. chalice

607. chameleon

608. champion

609. chaotic

610. charisma

611. charlatan

612. chary

613. chase

614. chasm

615. chassis

616. chaste

617. chasten

618. chastise

619. chauvinist

620. check

621. checkered

622. cherubic

623. chicanery

624. chide

625. chimerical

626. chisel

627. chisel

628. chivalrous

629. choleric

630. choreography

631. chortle

632. chronic

633. chronicle

634. churlish

635. ciliated

636. cipher

637. cipher

638. circlet

639. circuitous

640. circumlocution

641. circumscribe

642. circumspect

643. circumvent

644. cistern

645. citadel

646. cite

647. civil

648. clairvoyant

649. clamber

650. clamor

651. clandestine

652. clangor

653. clapper

654. clarion

655. claustrophobia

656. clavicle

657. cleave

658. cleft

659. clemency

660. cliche

661. clientele

662. climactic

663. clime

664. clique

665. cloister

666. clout

667. cloying

668. coagulate

669. coalesce

670. coalition

671. coda

672. coddle

673. codicil

674. codify

675. coercion

676. coeval

677. cog

678. cogent

679. cogitate

680. cognate

681. cognitive

682. cognizance

683. cohabit

684. cohere

685. cohesion

686. cohorts

687. coiffure

688. coin

689. coincidence

690. colander

691. collaborate

692. collage

693. collate

694. collateral

695. collation

696. colloquial

697. colloquy

698. collusion

699. colossal

700. colossus

701. comatose

702. combustible

703. comely

704. comestible

705. comeuppance

706. comity

707. commandeer

708. commemorative

709. commensurate

710. commiserate

711. commodious

712. communal

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

6

713. compact

714. compact

715. compatible

716. compelling

717. compendium

718. compensatory

719. compilation

720. complacent

721. complaisant

722. complement

723. compliance

724. compliant

725. complicity

726. component

727. comport

728. composure

729. compound

730. comprehensive

731. compress

732. compromise

733. compunction

734. compute

735. concatenate

736. concave

737. conceit

738. concentric

739. conception

740. concerted

741. concession

742. conciliatory

743. concise

744. conclave

745. conclusive

746. concoct

747. concomitant

748. concord

749. concur

750. concurrent

751. condescend

752. condign

753. condiments

754. condole

755. condone

756. conducive

757. conduit

758. confidant

759. confine

760. confiscate

761. conflagration

762. confluence

763. conformity

764. confound

765. congeal

766. congenial

767. congenital

768. conglomeration

769. congruence

770. conifer

771. conjecture

772. conjugal

773. conjure

774. connivance

775. connoisseur

776. connotation

777. connubial

778. consanguinity

779. conscientious

780. conscript

781. consecrate

782. consensus

783. consequential

784. conservatory

785. consign

786. consistency

787. console

788. consonance

789. consort

790. consort

791. conspiracy

792. constituent

793. constraint

794. construe

795. consummate

796. contagion

797. contaminate

798. contempt

799. contend

800. contentious

801. context

802. contiguous

803. continence

804. contingent

805. contortion

806. contraband

807. contravene

808. contrite

809. contrived

810. controvert

811. contumacious

812. contusion

813. conundrum

814. convene

815. conventional

816. converge

817. conversant

818. converse

819. convert

820. convex

821. conveyance

822. conviction

823. convivial

824. convoke

825. convoluted

826. copious

827. coquette

828. cordial

829. cordon

830. cornice

831. cornucopia

832. corollary

833. corporeal

834. corpulent

835. correlation

836. corroborate

837. corrosive

838. corrugated

839. cosmic

840. coterie

841. countenance

842. countermand

843. counterpart

844. coup

845. couple

846. courier

847. covenant

848. covert

849. covetous

850. cow

851. cower

852. coy

853. cozen

854. crabbed

855. crass

856. craven.

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

7

857. credence

858. credo

859. credulity

860. creed

861. crescendo

862. crestfallen

863. cull

864. culmination

865. culpable

866. culvert

867. cumbersome

868. cumulative

869. cupidity

870. curator

871. curmudgeon

872. cursive

873. cursory

874. curtail

875. cynical

876. cynosure

877. dais

878. dally

879. dank

880. dapper

881. dappled

882. daub

883. daunt

884. dauntless

885. dawdle

886. deadlock

887. deadpan

888. dearth

889. debacle

890. debase

891. debauch

892. debilitate

893. debonair

894. debris

895. debunk

896. debutante

897. decadence

898. decant

899. decapitate

900. decelerate

901. deciduous

902. decimate

903. decipher

904. declivity

905. décolleté

906. decomposition

907. decorum

908. decoy

909. decrepitude

910. decry

911. deducible

912. deface

913. defamation

914. default

915. defeatist

916. defection

917. deference

918. defile

919. definitive

920. deflect

921. defoliate

922. defray

923. defrock

924. deft

925. defunct

926. degenerate

927. degraded

928. dehydrate

929. deify

930. deign

931. delete

932. deleterious

933. deliberate

934. delineate

935. delirium

936. delta

937. delude

938. deluge

939. delusion

940. delusive

941. delve

942. demagogue

943. demean

944. demeanor

945. demented

946. demise

947. demographic

948. demolition

949. demoniac

950. demotic

951. demur

952. denigrate

953. denizen

954. denotation

955. denouement

956. denounce

957. depict

958. deplete

959. deplore

960. deploy

961. depose

962. deposition

963. depravity

964. deprecate

965. depreciate

966. depredation

967. deranged

968. derelict

969. deride

970. derision

971. derivative

972. dermatologist

973. derogatory

974. descry

975. desecrate

976. desiccate

977. desolate

978. despicable

979. despise

980. despoil

981. despondent

982. despotism

983. destitute

984. desuetude

985. desultory

986. detached

987. detergent

988. determinate

989. deterrent

990. detonation

991. detraction

992. detriment

993. detrimental

994. deviate

995. devious

996. devoid

997. devolve

998. devotee

999. devout

1000. dexterous

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

8

1001. diabolical

1002. diadem

1003. dialectic

1004. diaphanous

1005. diatribe

1006. dichotomy

1007. dictum

1008. didactic

1009. die

1010. diffidence

1011. diffusion

1012. digression

1013. dilapidated

1014. dilate

1015. dilatory

1016. dilemma

1017. dilettante

1018. diligence

1019. dilute

1020. diminution

1021. din

1022. dinghy

1023. dingy

1024. dint

1025. diorama

1026. dire

1027. dirge

1028. disabuse

1029. disaffected

1030. disapprobation

1031. disarray

1032. disavowal

1033. disband

1034. disburse

1035. discernible

1036. discerning

1037. disclaim

1038. disclose

1039. discombobulated

1040. discomfit

1041. disconcert

1042. disconsolate

1043. discord

1044. discordant

1045. discount

1046. discourse

1047. discredit

1048. discrepancy

1049. discrete

1050. discretion

1051. discriminating

1052. discursive

1053. disdain

1054. disembark

1055. disenfranchise

1056. disengage

1057. disfigure

1058. disgorge

1059. disgruntle

1060. dishearten

1061. disheveled

1062. disinclination

1063. disingenuous

1064. disinter

1065. disinterested

1066. disjointed

1067. dislodge

1068. dismantle

1069. dismember

1070. dismiss

1071. disparage

1072. disparate

1073. disparity

1074. dispassionate

1075. dispatch

1076. dispel

1077. disperse

1078. dispirited

1079. disport

1080. disputatious

1081. disquisition

1082. dissection

1083. dissemble

1084. disseminate

1085. dissent

1086. dissertation

1087. dissident

1088. dissimulate

1089. dissipate

1090. dissolution

1091. dissonance

1092. dissuade

1093. distant

1094. distend

1095. distill

1096. distortion

1097. distrait

1098. distraught

1099. diurnal

1100. diva

1101. diverge

1102. divergent

1103. divest

1104. divination

1105. divulge

1106. docile

1107. docket

1108. doddering

1109. doff

1110. doggerel

1111. dogmatic

1112. dolorous

1113. dolt

1114. domicile

1115. dormant

1116. dorsal

1117. dotage

1118. doughty

1119. dour

1120. dregs

1121. droll

1122. dross

1123. drudgery

1124. dubious

1125. duenna

1126. dulcet

1127. duplicity

1128. durance

1129. duress

1130. dutiful

1131. dwindle

1132. dynamic

1133. dyspeptic

1134. earthy

1135. ebb

1136. ebullient

1137. eccentric

1138. eccentricity

1139. ecclesiastic

1140. eclectic

1141. eclipse

1142. ecologist

1143. economy

1144. ecstasy

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

9

1145. eddy

1146. edify

1147. eerie

1148. efface

1149. effectual

1150. effervescence

1151. effete

1152. efficacy

1153. effigy

1154. effluvium

1155. effrontery

1156. effusion

1157. egoism

1158. egotism

1159. egregious

1160. egress

1161. ejaculation

1162. elaboration

1163. elated

1164. elegy

1165. elicit

1166. elixir

1167. ellipsis

1168. elliptical

1169. eloquence

1170. elucidate

1171. elusive

1172. elysian

1173. emaciated

1174. emanate

1175. emancipate

1176. embark

1177. embed

1178. embellish

1179. embezzlement

1180. embroil

1181. embryonic

1182. emend

1183. emendation

1184. emetic

1185. eminent

1186. emissary

1187. emollient

1188. emolument

1189. empirical

1190. emulate

1191. enamored

1192. enclave

1193. encomiastic

1194. encomium

1195. encompass

1196. encroachment

1197. encumber

1198. endearment

1199. endemic

1200. endorse

1201. endue

1202. enduring

1203. energize

1204. enervate

1205. enfranchise

1206. engage

1207. engaging

1208. engender

1209. engross

1210. enhance

1211. enigma

1212. enjoin

1213. enmity

1214. ennui

1215. enormity

1216. enrapture

1217. ensconce

1218. ensue

1219. entail

1220. enterprising

1221. enthrall

1222. entice

1223. entity

1224. entomology

1225. entrance

1226. eulogy

1227. euphemism

1228. euphony

1229. euphoria

1230. euthanasia

1231. evanescent

1232. evasive

1233. evenhanded

1234. evince

1235. evocative

1236. evoke

1237. ewe

1238. exacerbate

1239. exacting

1240. exalt

1241. exasperate

1242. exceptionable

1243. excerpt

1244. exchequer

1245. excise

1246. exclaim

1247. excoriate

1248. exculpate

1249. execrable

1250. execrate

1251. execute

1252. exegesis

1253. exemplary

1254. exemplify

1255. exempt

1256. exertion

1257. exhilarating

1258. exhort

1259. exhume

1260. exigency

1261. exiguous

1262. existential

1263. exodus

1264. exonerate

1265. exorbitant

1266. exorcise

1267. exotic

1268. expansive

1269. expatiate

1270. expatriate

1271. expedient

1272. expedite

1273. expenditure

1274. expertise

1275. expiate

1276. expletive

1277. explicate

1278. explicit

1279. exploit

1280. exploit

1281. expository

1282. expostulation

1283. exposure

1284. expropriate

1285. expunge

1286. expurgate

1287. extant

1288. extemporaneous

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

10

1289. extenuate

1290. extirpate

1291. extol

1292. extort

1293. extradition

1294. extraneous

1295. extrapolation

1296. extricate

1297. extrinsic

1298. extrovert

1299. extrude

1300. exuberance

1301. exude

1302. exult

1303. fabricate

1304. facade

1305. facet

1306. facetious

1307. facile

1308. facilitate

1309. facsimile

1310. faction

1311. factious

1312. factitious

1313. factotum

1314. faculty

1315. fallacious

1316. fallible

1317. fallow

1318. falter

1319. fanaticism

1320. fancied

1321. fancier

1322. fanciful

1323. fanfare

1324. farce

1325. fastidious

1326. fatalism

1327. fathom

1328. fatuous

1329. fauna

1330. fawning

1331. faze

1332. feasible

1333. febrile

1334. fecundity

1335. feign

1336. feint

1337. felicitous

1338. felicity

1339. fell

1340. fell

1341. felon

1342. feral

1343. ferment

1344. ferret

1345. fervent

1346. fervid

1347. fervor

1348. fester

1349. festive

1350. fete

1351. fetid

1352. fetter

1353. fiasco

1354. fiat

1355. fickle

1356. fictitious

1357. fidelity

1358. figment

1359. figurative

1360. figurine

1361. filch

1362. filial

1363. filibuster

1364. filigree

1365. filing

1366. finale

1367. finesse

1368. finicky

1369. finite

1370. firebrand

1371. fissure

1372. fitful

1373. flaccid

1374. flag

1375. flagellate

1376. flagrant

1377. flail

1378. flair

1379. flamboyant

1380. flaunt

1381. flay

1382. fleck

1383. fledgling

1384. fleece

1385. fleece

1386. flick

1387. flinch

1388. flippancy

1389. flippant

1390. flit

1391. floe

1392. flora

1393. florid

1394. flotsam

1395. flounder

1396. flourish

1397. flout

1398. fluctuate

1399. fluency

1400. fluke

1401. fluster

1402. fluted

1403. flux

1404. fodder

1405. foible

1406. foil

1407. foist

1408. foliage

1409. foment

1410. foolhardy

1411. foppish

1412. foray

1413. forbearance

1414. ford

1415. forebears

1416. foreboding

1417. forensic

1418. foreshadow

1419. foresight

1420. forestall

1421. forgo

1422. forlorn

1423. formality

1424. formidable

1425. forsake

1426. forswear

1427. forte

1428. forthright

1429. fortitude

1430. fortuitous

1431. foster

1432. founder

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

11

1433. fracas

1434. fractious

1435. frail

1436. franchise

1437. frantic

1438. fraudulent

1439. fraught

1440. fray

1441. frenetic

1442. frenzied

1443. fresco

1444. fret

1445. friction

1446. frieze

1447. frigid

1448. fritter

1449. frivolous

1450. frolicsome

1451. frond

1452. fructify

1453. frugality

1454. fruition

1455. frustrate

1456. fugitive

1457. fulcrum

1458. fulminate

1459. fulsome

1460. functionary

1461. fundamental

1462. funereal

1463. furor

1464. furtive

1465. fusillade

1466. fusion

1467. futile

1468. gadfly

1469. gaffe

1470. gainsay

1471. gait

1472. galaxy

1473. gale

1474. gall

1475. gall

1476. galleon

1477. galvanize

1478. gambit

1479. gambol

1480. gamely

1481. gamut

1482. gape

1483. garbled

1484. gargantuan

1485. gargoyle

1486. garish

1487. garner

1488. garnish

1489. garrulous

1490. gastronomy

1491. gauche

1492. gaudy

1493. gaunt

1494. gavel

1495. gawk

1496. gazette

1497. genealogy

1498. generality

1499. generate

1500. generic

1501. genesis

1502. geniality

1503. genre

1504. genteel

1505. gentility

1506. gentry

1507. genuflect

1508. germane

1509. germinal

1510. germinate

1511. gerontocracy

1512. gerrymander

1513. gestate

1514. gesticulation

1515. ghastly

1516. gibber

1517. gibberish

1518. gibbet

1519. gibe

1520. giddy

1521. gingerly

1522. girth

1523. gist

1524. glacial

1525. glaring

1526. glaze

1527. glean

1528. glib

1529. glimmer

1530. gloat

1531. gloss over

1532. glossary

1533. glossy

1534. glower

1535. glut

1536. glutinous

1537. glutton

1538. gnarled

1539. gnome

1540. gnome

1541. goad

1542. gorge

1543. gorge

1544. gory

1545. gossamer

1546. gouge

1547. gouge

1548. gourmand

1549. gourmet

1550. graduated

1551. granary

1552. grandeur

1553. grandiloquent

1554. grandiose

1555. granulate

1556. graphic

1557. grapple

1558. grate

1559. gratify

1560. gratis

1561. gratuitous

1562. gratuity

1563. gravity

1564. gregarious

1565. grievance

1566. grill

1567. grimace

1568. grisly

1569. grotesque

1570. grotto

1571. grouse

1572. grovel

1573. grudging

1574. gruel

1575. grueling

1576. gruesome

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

12

1577. gruff

1578. guffaw

1579. guile

1580. guileless

1581. guise

1582. gull

1583. gullible

1584. gustatory

1585. gusto

1586. gusty

1587. guy

1588. gyroscope

1589. habituate

1590. hackles

1591. hackneyed

1592. haggard

1593. haggle

1594. halcyon

1595. hale

1596. hallowed

1597. hallucination

1598. halting

1599. hamper

1600. hap

1601. haphazard

1602. hapless

1603. harangue

1604. harass

1605. harbinger

1606. harbor

1607. hardy

1608. harping

1609. harrowing

1610. harry

1611. hatch

1612. haughtiness

1613. haven

1614. hazardous

1615. hazy

1616. headlong

1617. headstrong

1618. heckler

1619. hedonist

1620. heedless

1621. hegemony

1622. heinous

1623. herbivorous

1624. heresy

1625. hermetic

1626. hermetic

1627. hermitage

1628. herpetologist

1629. heterodox

1630. heterogeneous

1631. hew

1632. heyday

1633. hiatus

1634. hibernal

1635. hibernate

1636. hierarchy

1637. hieroglyphic

1638. hilarity

1639. hindmost

1640. hindrance

1641. hinterlands

1642. hireling

1643. hirsute

1644. histrionic

1645. hoard

1646. hoary

1647. hoax

1648. holocaust

1649. holster

1650. homage

1651. homeostasis

1652. homespun

1653. homily

1654. homogeneous

1655. hone

1656. hoodwink

1657. horde

1658. hortatory

1659. horticultural

1660. hostility

1661. hovel

1662. hover

1663. hubbub

1664. hubris

1665. hue

1666. hue and cry

1667. humane

1668. humdrum

1669. humid

1670. humility

1671. hummock

1672. humus

1673. hurtle

1674. husband

1675. husbandry

1676. hybrid

1677. hydrophobia

1678. hyperbole

1679. hypercritical

1680. hypochondriac

1681. hypocritical

1682. hypothetical

1683. ichthyology

1684. icon

1685. iconoclastic

1686. ideology

1687. idiom

1688. idiosyncrasy

1689. idolatry

1690. idyllic

1691. igneous

1692. ignite

1693. ignoble

1694. ignominy

1695. illicit

1696. illimitable

1697. illuminate

1698. illusion

1699. illusive

1700. illusory

1701. imbalance

1702. imbecility

1703. imbroglio

1704. imbue

1705. immaculate

1706. imminent

1707. immobility

1708. immolate

1709. immune

1710. immure

1711. immutable

1712. impair

1713. impale

1714. impalpable

1715. impasse

1716. impassive

1717. impeach

1718. impeccable

1719. impecunious

1720. impede

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

13

1721. impediment

1722. impending

1723. impenetrable

1724. impenitent

1725. imperial

1726. imperiousness

1727. impermeable

1728. impertinent

1729. imperturbable

1730. impervious

1731. impetuous

1732. impetus

1733. impiety

1734. impinge

1735. impious

1736. implacable

1737. implausible

1738. implement

1739. implement

1740. implicate

1741. implication

1742. implicit

1743. implode

1744. implore

1745. imply

1746. impolitic

1747. imponderable

1748. import

1749. importunate

1750. importune

1751. imposture

1752. impotent

1753. imprecation

1754. impregnable

1755. impromptu

1756. impropriety

1757. improvident

1758. improvise

1759. imprudent

1760. impudence

1761. impugn

1762. impuissance

1763. impunity

1764. impute

1765. inadvertently

1766. inalienable

1767. inane

1768. inanimate

1769. inarticulate

1770. inaugurate

1771. incandescent

1772. incantation

1773. incapacitate

1774. incarcerate

1775. incarnate

1776. incarnation

1777. incendiary

1778. incense

1779. incentive

1780. inception

1781. incessant

1782. inchoate

1783. incidence

1784. incidental

1785. incipient

1786. incisive

1787. incite

1788. inclement

1789. incline

1790. inclined

1791. inclusive

1792. incognito

1793. incoherent

1794. incommodious

1795. incompatible

1796. incongruity

1797. inconsequential

1798. inconsistency

1799. incontinent

1800. incontrovertible

1801. incorporate

1802. incorporeal

1803. incorrigible

1804. incredulity

1805. incredulous

1806. increment

1807. incriminate

1808. incrustation

1809. incubate

1810. incubus

1811. inculcate

1812. incumbent

1813. incur

1814. incursion

1815. indefatigable

1816. indelible

1817. indemnify

1818. indentation

1819. indenture

1820. indeterminate

1821. indicative

1822. indices

1823. indict

1824. indifferent

1825. indigence

1826. indigenous

1827. indigent

1828. indignation

1829. indignity

1830. indiscriminate

1831. indisputable

1832. indissoluble

1833. indite

1834. indolent

1835. indomitable

1836. indubitable

1837. induce

1838. inductive

1839. indulgent

1840. industrious

1841. inebriated

1842. ineffable

1843. ineffectual

1844. ineluctable

1845. inept

1846. inequity

1847. inerrancy

1848. inert

1849. inevitable

1850. inexorable

1851. infallible

1852. infamous

1853. infantile

1854. infer

1855. infernal

1856. infidel

1857. infiltrate

1858. infinitesimal

1859. infirmity

1860. inflated

1861. influx

1862. infraction

1863. infringe

1864. ingenious

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

14

1865. ingenuous

1866. ingrained

1867. ingrate

1868. ingratiate

1869. inherent

1870. inhibit

1871. inimical

1872. inimitable

1873. iniquitous

1874. initiate

1875. injurious

1876. inkling

1877. innate

1878. innocuous

1879. innovation

1880. innuendo

1881. inopportune

1882. inordinate

1883. inquisitor

1884. insalubrious

1885. insatiable

1886. inscrutable

1887. insensate

1888. insensible

1889. insidious

1890. insightful

1891. insinuate

1892. insipid

1893. insolence

1894. insolvent

1895. insomnia

1896. insouciant

1897. instigate

1898. insubordination

1899. insubstantial

1900. insularity

1901. insuperable

1902. insurgent

1903. insurmountable

1904. insurrection

1905. intangible

1906. integral

1907. integrate

1908. integrity

1909. intellect

1910. intelligentsia

1911. inter

1912. interdict

1913. interim

1914. interloper

1915. interminable

1916. intermittent

1917. internecine

1918. interpolate

1919. interregnum

1920. interrogate

1921. intervene

1922. intimate

1923. intimidate

1924. intractable

1925. intransigence

1926. intrepid

1927. intrinsic

1928. introspective

1929. introvert

1930. intrude

1931. intuition

1932. inundate

1933. inured

1934. invalidate

1935. invective

1936. inveigh

1937. inveigle

1938. inverse

1939. invert

1940. inveterate

1941. invidious

1942. invincible

1943. inviolability

1944. invoke

1945. invulnerable

1946. iota

1947. irascible

1948. irate

1949. iridescent

1950. irksome

1951. ironic

1952. irony

1953. irreconcilable

1954. irrefragable

1955. irrefutable

1956. irrelevant

1957. irremediable

1958. irreparable

1959. irrepressible

1960. irreproachable

1961. irresolute

1962. irretrievable

1963. irreverence

1964. irreverent

1965. irrevocable

1966. isotope

1967. isthmus

1968. itinerant

1969. itinerary

1970. jabber

1971. jaded

1972. jargon

1973. jaundiced

1974. jaunt

1975. jaunty

1976. jeopardize

1977. jettison

1978. jibe

1979. jingoist

1980. jocose

1981. jocular

1982. jocund

1983. jollity

1984. jostle

1985. jovial

1986. jubilation

1987. judicious

1988. juggernaut

1989. juncture

1990. junket

1991. junta

1992. jurisprudence

1993. justification

1994. juxtapose

1995. kaleidoscope

1996. ken

1997. kernel

1998. killjoy

1999. kindle

2000. kindred

2001. kinetic

2002. kismet

2003. kleptomaniac

2004. knave

2005. knead

2006. knell

2007. knit

2008. knoll

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

15

2009. knotty

2010. kudos

2011. labile

2012. laborious

2013. labyrinth

2014. lacerate

2015. lachrymose

2016. lackadaisical

2017. lackluster

2018. laconic

2019. laggard

2020. lagoon

2021. laity

2022. lambaste

2023. lament

2024. lampoon

2025. lancet

2026. languid

2027. languish

2028. languor

2029. lank

2030. lap

2031. larceny

2032. larder

2033. largess

2034. lascivious

2035. lassitude

2036. latent

2037. lateral

2038. latitude

2039. laud

2040. lavish

2041. lax

2042. leaven

2043. lechery

2044. lectern

2045. leery

2046. leeway

2047. legacy

2048. legend

2049. legerdemain

2050. leniency

2051. leonine

2052. lethal

2053. lethargic

2054. levee

2055. levitate

2056. levity

2057. levy

2058. lewd

2059. lexicographer

2060. lexicon

2061. liability

2062. liaison

2063. libel

2064. libertine

2065. libidinous

2066. libido

2067. libretto

2068. licentious

2069. lien

2070. ligneous

2071. lilliputian

2072. limber

2073. limbo

2074. limn

2075. limpid

2076. lineage

2077. lineaments

2078. linger

2079. linguistic

2080. lionize

2081. liquidate

2082. list

2083. listless

2084. litany

2085. lithe

2086. litigation

2087. litotes

2088. livid

2089. loath

2090. loathe

2091. lode

2092. lofty

2093. log

2094. loiter

2095. loll

2096. longevity

2097. loom

2098. lope

2099. loquacious

2100. lout

2101. low

2102. lubricity

2103. lucid

2104. lucrative

2105. lucre

2106. ludicrous

2107. lugubrious

2108. lull

2109. lumber

2110. luminous

2111. lunar

2112. lupine

2113. lurid

2114. luscious

2115. luster

2116. lustrous

2117. luxuriant

2118. macabre

2119. mace

2120. macerate

2121. machiavellian

2122. machinations

2123. madrigal

2124. maelstrom

2125. magnanimous

2126. magnate

2127. magniloquent

2128. magnitude

2129. maim

2130. maladroit

2131. malaise

2132. malapropism

2133. malcontent

2134. malediction

2135. malefactor

2136. malevolent

2137. malicious

2138. malign

2139. malignant

2140. malingerer

2141. mall

2142. malleable

2143. malodorous

2144. mammal

2145. mammoth

2146. manacle

2147. mandate

2148. mandatory

2149. mangy

2150. maniacal

2151. manifest

2152. manifestation

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

16

2153. manifesto

2154. manifold

2155. manipulate

2156. mannered

2157. manumit

2158. marital

2159. maritime

2160. marked

2161. marred

2162. marshal

2163. marsupial

2164. martial

2165. martinet

2166. martyr

2167. masochist

2168. masticate

2169. materialism

2170. maternal

2171. matriarch

2172. matriculate

2173. matrix

2174. maudlin

2175. maul

2176. mausoleum

2177. mauve

2178. maverick

2179. mawkish

2180. maxim

2181. mayhem

2182. meager

2183. mealy-mouthed

2184. meander

2185. meddlesome

2186. mediate

2187. mediocre

2188. meditation

2189. medley

2190. meek

2191. megalomania

2192. melee

2193. mellifluous

2194. memento

2195. memorialize

2196. mendacious

2197. mendicant

2198. menial

2199. mentor

2200. mercantile

2201. minion

2202. minuscule

2203. minute

2204. minutiae

2205. mirage

2206. mire

2207. mirth

2208. misadventure

2209. misanthrope

2210. misapprehension

2211. miscegenation

2212. miscellany

2213. mischance

2214. misconstrue

2215. miscreant

2216. misdemeanor

2217. miserly

2218. misgivings

2219. mishap

2220. misnomer

2221. misogamy

2222. misogynist

2223. misogynist

2224. missile

2225. missive

2226. mite

2227. mitigate

2228. mnemonic

2229. mobile

2230. mode

2231. modicum

2232. modish

2233. modulation

2234. mogul

2235. moiety

2236. molecule

2237. mollify

2238. mollycoddle

2239. molt

2240. molten

2241. momentous

2242. momentum

2243. monarchy

2244. monastic

2245. monetary

2246. monolithic

2247. monotheism

2248. monotony

2249. monumental

2250. moodiness

2251. moor

2252. moot

2253. moratorium

2254. morbid

2255. mordant

2256. mores

2257. morganatic

2258. moribund

2259. morose

2260. mortician

2261. mortify

2262. mosaic

2263. mote

2264. motif

2265. motility

2266. motley

2267. mottled

2268. mountebank

2269. muddle

2270. muggy

2271. mulct

2272. multifarious

2273. multiform

2274. multilingual

2275. multiplicity

2276. mundane

2277. munificent

2278. mural

2279. murky

2280. muse

2281. musky

2282. muster

2283. musty

2284. mutability

2285. muted

2286. mutilate

2287. mutinous

2288. myopic

2289. myriad

2290. nadir

2291. naivete

2292. narcissist

2293. narrative

2294. nascent

2295. natation

2296. natty

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

17

2297. nauseate

2298. nautical

2299. navigable

2300. nebulous

2301. necromancy

2302. nefarious

2303. negate

2304. negligence

2305. negligible

2306. nemesis

2307. neologism

2308. neophyte

2309. nepotism

2310. nether

2311. nettle

2312. nexus

2313. nib

2314. nicety

2315. niggardly

2316. niggle

2317. nihilist

2318. nip

2319. nirvana

2320. nocturnal

2321. noisome

2322. nomadic

2323. nomenclature

2324. nominal

2325. nonchalance

2326. noncommittal

2327. nondescript

2328. nonentity

2329. nonplus

2330. nostalgia

2331. nostrum

2332. notable

2333. notoriety

2334. novelty

2335. novice

2336. noxious

2337. nuance

2338. nubile

2339. nugatory

2340. nullify

2341. numismatist

2342. nuptial

2343. nurture

2344. nutrient

2345. oaf

2346. obdurate

2347. obeisance

2348. obelisk

2349. obese

2350. obfuscate

2351. objective

2352. objective (n)

2353. objurgation

2354. obligatory

2355. oblique

2356. obliterate

2357. oblivion

2358. obnoxious

2359. obscure (a)

2360. obscure (v)

2361. obsequious

2362. obsequy

2363. obsession

2364. obsidian

2365. obsolete

2366. obstetrician

2367. obstinate

2368. obstreperous

2369. obtrude

2370. obtrusive

2371. obtuse

2372. obviate

2373. occident

2374. occlude

2375. occult

2376. oculist

2377. odious

2378. odium

2379. odoriferous

2380. odorous

2381. odyssey

2382. offal

2383. offertory

2384. officious

2385. ogle

2386. olfactory

2387. oligarchy

2388. ominous

2389. omnipotent

2390. omnipresent

2391. omniscient

2392. omnivorous

2393. onerous

2394. onomatopoeia

2395. onslaught

2396. onus

2397. opalescent

2398. opaque

2399. opiate

2400. opportune

2401. opulence

2402. oratorio

2403. ordinance

2404. orifice

2405. ornate

2406. ornithologist

2407. oscillate

2408. osseous

2409. ossify

2410. ostensible

2411. ostentatious

2412. ostracize

2413. oust

2414. outlandish

2415. outmoded

2416. outskirts

2417. outspoken

2418. outstrip

2419. outwit

2420. ovation

2421. overbearing

2422. overt

2423. overweening

2424. overwrought

2425. ovoid

2426. pachyderm

2427. pacifist

2428. pacify

2429. paean

2430. painstaking

2431. palatable

2432. palate

2433. palatial

2434. palaver

2435. paleontology

2436. palette

2437. pallet

2438. palliate

2439. pallid

2440. palpable

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

18

2441. palpitate

2442. paltry

2443. panacea

2444. pandemonium

2445. pander

2446. panegyric

2447. panorama

2448. pantomime

2449. papyrus

2450. parable

2451. parapet

2452. paraphernalia

2453. paraphrase

2454. parasite

2455. parched

2456. paregoric

2457. pariah

2458. parity

2459. parlance

2460. parley

2461. parochial

2462. parody

2463. paroxysm

2464. parricide

2465. parsimonious

2466. partial (1)

2467. partial (2)

2468. partisan

2469. parturition

2470. parvenu

2471. passe

2472. passive

2473. pastiche

2474. pastoral

2475. patent

2476. pathetic

2477. pathological

2478. pathos

2479. patina

2480. patois

2481. patriarch

2482. patrician

2483. patricide

2484. patrimony

2485. patronize

2486. paucity

2487. pauper

2488. peccadillo

2489. peculation

2490. pecuniary

2491. pedagogue

2492. pedagogy

2493. pedant

2494. pedantic

2495. pedestrian

2496. pediatrician

2497. pediment

2498. pejorative

2499. pell-mell

2500. pellucid

2501. penance

2502. penchant

2503. pendant

2504. pendulous

2505. penitent

2506. pensive

2507. penumbra

2508. penurious

2509. penury

2510. peon

2511. perceptive

2512. percussion

2513. perdition

2514. peregrination

2515. peremptory

2516. perennial

2517. perfidious

2518. perforate

2519. perfunctory

2520. perigee

2521. perimeter

2522. peripatetic

2523. peripheral

2524. periphery

2525. perjury

2526. permeable

2527. pernicious

2528. peroration

2529. perpetrate

2530. perpetual

2531. perquisite

2532. personable

2533. perspicacious

2534. perspicuity

2535. pert

2536. pertinacious

2537. pertinent

2538. perturb

2539. perusal

2540. pervasive

2541. perverse

2542. perversion

2543. perversity

2544. pessimism

2545. pestilential

2546. pestle

2547. petrify

2548. petty

2549. petulant

2550. pharisaical

2551. phenomena

2552. philanderer

2553. philanthropist

2554. philatelist

2555. philistine

2556. philology

2557. phlegmatic

2558. phobia

2559. physiognomy

2560. physiological

2561. piebald

2562. pied

2563. piety

2564. pigment

2565. pillage

2566. pillory

2567. pine

2568. pinion

2569. pinnacle

2570. pious

2571. piquant

2572. pique

2573. piscatorial

2574. pithy

2575. pittance

2576. pivotal

2577. placate

2578. placebo

2579. placid

2580. plagiarize

2581. plaintive

2582. platitude

2583. platonic

2584. plauditory

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

19

2585. plausible

2586. plebiscite

2587. plenary

2588. plenipotentiary

2589. plenitude

2590. plethora

2591. pluck

2592. plumb

2593. podiatrist

2594. poignant

2595. polarize

2596. polemic

2597. politic

2598. polity

2599. poltroon

2600. polygamist

2601. polyglot

2602. pomposity

2603. ponderous

2604. porous

2605. portend

2606. portent

2607. portly

2608. posterity

2609. posthumous

2610. postprandial

2611. postulate

2612. posture

2613. potable

2614. potent

2615. potentate

2616. potential

2617. potion

2618. potpourri

2619. practicable

2620. practical

2621. pragmatic

2622. pragmatist

2623. prate

2624. prattle

2625. preamble

2626. precarious

2627. precedent

2628. precedent

2629. precept

2630. precipice

2631. precipitate

2632. precipitous

2633. preclude

2634. precocious

2635. precursor

2636. predatory

2637. predecessor

2638. predilection

2639. preeminent

2640. preempt

2641. preen

2642. prefatory

2643. prehensile

2644. prelate

2645. prelude

2646. premeditate

2647. premise

2648. premonition

2649. premonitory

2650. preponderance

2651. preposterous

2652. prerogative

2653. presage

2654. prescience

2655. presentiment

2656. prestige

2657. presumptuous

2658. pretentious

2659. preternatural

2660. pretext

2661. prevail

2662. prevalent

2663. prevaricate

2664. prey

2665. prim

2666. primogeniture

2667. primordial

2668. primp

2669. pristine

2670. privation

2671. privy

2672. probe

2673. probity

2674. problematic

2675. proclivity

2676. procrastinate

2677. procurement

2678. prod

2679. prodigal

2680. prodigious

2681. prodigy

2682. profane

2683. profligate

2684. profound

2685. profusion

2686. progenitor

2687. progeny

2688. prognosis

2689. prognosticate

2690. projectile

2691. proletarian

2692. proliferate

2693. prolific

2694. prolix

2695. prolong

2696. prominent

2697. promiscuous

2698. promontory

2699. prompt

2700. promulgate

2701. prone

2702. propagate

2703. propellants

2704. propensity

2705. prophetic

2706. prophylactic

2707. propinquity

2708. propitiate

2709. propitious

2710. proponent

2711. propound

2712. propriety

2713. propulsive

2714. prosaic

2715. proscenium

2716. proscribe

2717. proselytize

2718. prosody

2719. prostrate

2720. protean

2721. protege

2722. protocol

2723. prototype

2724. protract

2725. protrude

2726. provenance

2727. provender

2728. provident

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

20

2729. provincial

2730. provisional

2731. proviso

2732. provoke

2733. proximity

2734. proxy

2735. prude

2736. prudent

2737. prune

2738. prurient

2739. pseudonym

2740. psyche

2741. psychiatrist

2742. psychopathic

2743. psychosis

2744. pterodactyl

2745. puerile

2746. pugilist

2747. pugnacious

2748. puissant

2749. pulchritude

2750. pulmonary

2751. pulsate

2752. pummel

2753. punctilious

2754. pundit

2755. pungency

2756. punitive

2757. purblind

2758. purchase

2759. purgatory

2760. purge

2761. purport

2762. purveyor

2763. pusillanimous

2764. putative

2765. putrid

2766. pyromaniac

2767. quack

2768. quadruped

2769. quaff

2770. quagmire

2771. quail

2772. quaint

2773. qualified

2774. qualms

2775. quandary

2776. quarantine

2777. quarry

2778. quarry

2779. quash

2780. quay

2781. queasy

2782. quell

2783. querulous

2784. queue

2785. quibble

2786. quiescent

2787. quietude

2788. quintessence

2789. quip

2790. quirk

2791. quisling

2792. quiver

2793. quixotic

2794. quizzical

2795. quorum

2796. quotidian

2797. rabid

2798. raconteur

2799. ragamuffin

2800. rail

2801. raiment

2802. rakish

2803. ramble

2804. ramification

2805. ramify

2806. ramp

2807. rampant

2808. rampart

2809. ramshackle

2810. rancid

2811. rancor

2812. random

2813. rankle

2814. rant

2815. rapacious

2816. rapport

2817. rarefied

2818. raspy

2819. ratify

2820. ratiocination

2821. rationalization

2822. rationalize

2823. raucous

2824. ravage

2825. rave

2826. ravel

2827. ravenous

2828. ravine

2829. raze

2830. reactionary

2831. realm

2832. reaper

2833. rebate

2834. rebuff

2835. rebus

2836. rebuttal

2837. recalcitrant

2838. recant

2839. recapitulate

2840. receptive

2841. recession

2842. recipient

2843. reciprocal

2844. reciprocate

2845. recluse

2846. reconcile

2847. recondite

2848. recourse

2849. recreant

2850. recrimination

2851. recrudescence

2852. rectify

2853. rectitude

2854. recuperate

2855. recurrent

2856. recusant

2857. redolent

2858. redoubtable

2859. redress

2860. redundant

2861. reek

2862. refection

2863. refectory

2864. refraction

2865. refractory

2866. refurbish

2867. refutation

2868. refute

2869. regal

2870. regale

2871. regatta

2872. regeneration

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

21

2873. regicide

2874. regime

2875. regimen

2876. rehabilitate

2877. reimburse

2878. reiterate

2879. rejuvenate

2880. relegate

2881. relevancy

2882. relinquish

2883. relish

2884. remediable

2885. remedial

2886. reminiscence

2887. remiss

2888. remnant

2889. remonstrate

2890. remorse

2891. remunerative

2892. rend

2893. render

2894. rendezvous

2895. rendition

2896. renegade

2897. renege

2898. renounce

2899. renovate

2900. renown

2901. rent

2902. reparable

2903. reparation

2904. repartee

2905. repeal

2906. repellent

2907. repercussion

2908. repertoire

2909. repine

2910. replenish

2911. replete

2912. replica

2913. replicate

2914. repository

2915. reprehensible

2916. repress

2917. reprieve

2918. reprimand

2919. reprisal

2920. reprise

2921. reproach

2922. reprobate

2923. reprobation

2924. reprove

2925. repudiate

2926. repugnance

2927. repulsion

2928. reputable

2929. reputed

2930. requiem

2931. requisite

2932. requite

2933. rescind

2934. reserve

2935. residue

2936. resilient

2937. resolution

2938. resolve

2939. resonant

2940. respiration

2941. respite

2942. resplendent

2943. responsiveness

2944. restitution

2945. restive

2946. restraint

2947. resumption

2948. resurgent

2949. resuscitate

2950. retaliate

2951. retentive

2952. reticent

2953. retinue

2954. retiring

2955. retort

2956. retraction

2957. retrench

2958. retribution

2959. retrieve

2960. retroactive

2961. retrograde

2962. retrospective

2963. revelry

2964. reverberate

2965. reverent

2966. reverie

2967. revile

2968. revulsion

2969. rhapsodize

2970. rhetoric

2971. ribald

2972. rider

2973. rife

2974. rift

2975. rig

2976. rigid

2977. rigor

2978. rile

2979. rime

2980. risible

2981. risqué

2982. riveting

2983. rivulet

2984. roan

2985. robust

2986. rococo

2987. roil

2988. roseate

2989. roster

2990. rostrum

2991. rote

2992. rotunda

2993. rotundity

2994. rout

2995. rubble

2996. rubicund

2997. rubric

2998. ruddy

2999. rudimentary

3000. rueful

3001. ruffian

3002. ruminate

3003. rummage

3004. runic

3005. ruse

3006. rustic

3007. rusticate

3008. ruthless

3009. saccharine

3010. sacerdotal

3011. sacrilegious

3012. sacrosanct

3013. sadistic

3014. saffron

3015. saga

3016. sagacious

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

22

3017. sage

3018. salacious

3019. salient

3020. saline

3021. sallow

3022. salubrious

3023. salutary

3024. salvage

3025. salver

3026. sanctimonious

3027. sanction

3028. sangfroid

3029. sanguinary

3030. sanguine

3031. sapient

3032. sarcasm

3033. sardonic

3034. sartorial

3035. sate

3036. satellite

3037. satiate

3038. satiety

3039. satire

3040. satirical

3041. saturate

3042. saturnine

3043. satyr

3044. saunter

3045. savant

3046. savor

3047. savory

3048. scabbard

3049. scaffold

3050. scale

3051. scanty

3052. scapegoat

3053. scavenger

3054. scenario

3055. schematic

3056. schism

3057. scintilla

3058. scintillate

3059. scoff

3060. scotch

3061. scourge

3062. scrupulous

3063. scrutinize

3064. scurrilous

3065. scurry

3066. scuttle

3067. seamy

3068. seasoned

3069. secession

3070. seclusion

3071. secrete

3072. sectarian

3073. secular

3074. sedate

3075. sedentary

3076. sedition

3077. sedulous

3078. seedy

3079. seemly

3080. seep

3081. seethe

3082. seine

3083. seismic

3084. semblance

3085. seminal

3086. seminary

3087. senility

3088. sensual

3089. sensuous

3090. sententious

3091. sentinel

3092. septic

3093. sepulcher

3094. sequester

3095. sere

3096. serendipity

3097. serenity

3098. serpentine

3099. serrated

3100. servile

3101. servitude

3102. sever

3103. severity

3104. shackle

3105. sham

3106. shambles

3107. shard

3108. shaving

3109. sheaf

3110. sheathe

3111. sherbet

3112. shimmer

3113. shirk

3114. shoddy

3115. shrew

3116. shrewd

3117. shunt

3118. shyster

3119. sibling

3120. sibylline

3121. sidereal

3122. silt

3123. simian

3124. simile

3125. similitude

3126. simpering

3127. simulate

3128. sinecure

3129. sinewy

3130. singular

3131. sinister

3132. sinuous

3133. sirocco

3134. skeptic

3135. skiff

3136. skimp

3137. skinflint

3138. skirmish

3139. skittish

3140. skulk

3141. skullduggery

3142. slacken

3143. slag

3144. slake

3145. slander

3146. slapdash

3147. slattern

3148. sleazy

3149. sleeper

3150. sleight

3151. slew

3152. slight

3153. slipshod

3154. slither

3155. slither

3156. sloth

3157. slothful

3158. slough

3159. slough

3160. slovenly

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

23

3161. sluggard

3162. sluggish

3163. sluice

3164. slur

3165. slur

3166. smattering

3167. smirk

3168. smolder

3169. snicker

3170. snivel

3171. sobriety

3172. sodden

3173. sojourn

3174. solace

3175. solder

3176. solecism

3177. solemnity

3178. solicit

3179. solicitous

3180. soliloquy

3181. solstice

3182. solvent

3183. somatic

3184. somber

3185. somnambulist

3186. somnolent

3187. sonorous

3188. sophist

3189. sophistication

3190. sophistry

3191. sophomoric

3192. soporific

3193. sordid

3194. spangle

3195. spasmodic

3196. spat

3197. spate

3198. spatial

3199. spatula

3200. spawn

3201. specious

3202. spectral

3203. spectrum

3204. spendthrift

3205. sphinx-like

3206. splice

3207. spontaneity

3208. spoonerism

3209. sporadic

3210. sportive

3211. spruce

3212. spry

3213. spurious

3214. spurn

3215. squabble

3216. squalid

3217. squander

3218. squat

3219. staccato

3220. stagnant

3221. staid

3222. stalemate

3223. stalwart

3224. stamina

3225. stanch

3226. stanza

3227. static

3228. statute

3229. statutory

3230. steadfast

3231. stealth

3232. steep

3233. stellar

3234. stem

3235. stem from

3236. stentorian

3237. stereotyped

3238. stickler

3239. stigma

3240. stilted

3241. stint

3242. stint

3243. stipend

3244. stipple

3245. stipulate

3246. stoic

3247. stoke

3248. stolid

3249. stratagem

3250. stratified

3251. stratum

3252. strew

3253. striated

3254. stricture

3255. strident

3256. stringent

3257. strut

3258. studied

3259. stultify

3260. stupefy

3261. stupor

3262. stupor

3263. stygian

3264. stygian

3265. stymie

3266. suavity

3267. sub rosa

3268. subaltern

3269. subjective

3270. subjugate

3271. sublimate

3272. sublime

3273. subliminal

3274. submissive

3275. suborn

3276. subsequent

3277. subservient

3278. subside

3279. subsidiary

3280. subsidy

3281. subsistence

3282. substantiate

3283. substantive

3284. subsume

3285. subterfuge

3286. subtlety

3287. subversive

3288. succinct

3289. succor

3290. succulent

3291. succumb

3292. suffuse

3293. sully

3294. sultry

3295. summation

3296. sumptuary

3297. sumptuous

3298. sunder

3299. sundry

3300. superannuated

3301. supercilious

3302. supererogatory

3303. superficial

3304. superfluity

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

24

3305. superfluous

3306. superimpose

3307. supernumerary

3308. supersede

3309. supine

3310. supplant

3311. supple

3312. suppliant

3313. supplicate

3314. supposititious

3315. suppurate

3316. surcease

3317. surfeit

3318. surly

3319. surmise

3320. surmount

3321. surpass

3322. surreptitious

3323. surrogate

3324. surveillance

3325. susceptible

3326. sustain

3327. sustenance

3328. suture

3329. swarthy

3330. swathe

3331. swelter

3332. swerve

3333. swill

3334. swindler

3335. sybarite

3336. sycophant

3337. syllogism

3338. sylvan

3339. symbiosis

3340. symmetry

3341. synchronous

3342. synoptic

3343. synthesis

3344. synthetic

3345. tacit

3346. taciturn

3347. tactile

3348. tainted

3349. talisman

3350. talon

3351. tangential

3352. tangible

3353. tanner

3354. tantalize

3355. tantamount

3356. tantrum

3357. taper

3358. tarantula

3359. tarry

3360. taut

3361. tautological

3362. tawdry

3363. taxonomist

3364. tedium

3365. teetotalism

3366. temerity

3367. temper

3368. temperament

3369. temperate

3370. tempestuous

3371. tempo

3372. temporal

3373. temporize

3374. tenacious

3375. tenacity

3376. tendentious

3377. tender

3378. tenet

3379. tensile

3380. tentative

3381. tenuous

3382. tenure

3383. tepid

3384. termination

3385. terminology

3386. terminus

3387. terrestrial

3388. terse

3389. tertiary

3390. tessellated

3391. testator

3392. testy

3393. tether

3394. thematic

3395. theocracy

3396. theoretical

3397. thermal

3398. thespian

3399. thrall

3400. threnody

3401. thrifty

3402. throes

3403. throng

3404. throttle

3405. thwart

3406. thyme

3407. timbre

3408. timidity

3409. timorous

3410. tipple

3411. tirade

3412. titanic

3413. tithe

3414. titillate

3415. title

3416. titter

3417. titular

3418. toady

3419. tocsin

3420. toga

3421. tome

3422. tonsure

3423. topography

3424. torpor

3425. torque

3426. torrent

3427. torso

3428. tortilla

3429. tortuous

3430. touchstone

3431. touchy

3432. tout

3433. toxic

3434. tract

3435. tractable

3436. traduce

3437. trajectory

3438. tranquillity

3439. transcend

3440. transcribe

3441. transgression

3442. transient

3443. transition

3444. transitoriness

3445. translucent

3446. transmute

3447. transparent

3448. transpire

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

25

3449. trappings

3450. traumatic

3451. travail

3452. traverse

3453. travesty

3454. treatise

3455. trek

3456. tremor

3457. tremulous

3458. trenchant

3459. trepidation

3460. tribulation

3461. tribunal

3462. tribute

3463. trident

3464. trilogy

3465. trinket

3466. trite

3467. trivia

3468. troth

3469. truculence

3470. truism

3471. truncate

3472. tryst

3473. tumid

3474. tumult

3475. tundra

3476. turbid

3477. turbulence

3478. tureen

3479. turgid

3480. turmoil

3481. turncoat

3482. turpitude

3483. tutelage

3484. tutelary

3485. tycoon

3486. tyranny

3487. tyro

3488. ubiquitous

3489. ulterior

3490. ulterior

3491. ultimate

3492. ultimatum

3493. umbrage

3494. unanimity

3495. unassuaged

3496. unassuming

3497. unbridled

3498. uncanny

3499. unconscionable

3500. uncouth

3501. unction

3502. unctuous

3503. undermine

3504. undulate

3505. unearth

3506. unearthly

3507. unequivocal

3508. unerringly

3509. unfaltering

3510. unfeigned

3511. unfetter

3512. unfledged

3513. unfrock

3514. ungainly

3515. unguent

3516. uniformity

3517. unilateral

3518. unimpeachable

3519. uninhibited

3520. unique

3521. unison

3522. universal

3523. unkempt

3524. unmitigated

3525. unobtrusive

3526. unprecedented

3527. unprepossessing

3528. unravel

3529. unruly

3530. unsavory

3531. unscathed

3532. unseemly

3533. unsightly

3534. unsullied

3535. untenable

3536. untoward

3537. unwarranted

3538. unwieldy

3539. unwitting

3540. unwonted

3541. upbraid

3542. upshot

3543. urbane

3544. urchin

3545. ursine

3546. usurp

3547. usury

3548. utopia

3549. uxorious

3550. vacillation

3551. vacuous

3552. vagabond

3553. vagary

3554. vagrant

3555. vainglorious

3556. valedictory

3557. valid

3558. validate

3559. valor

3560. vampire

3561. vanguard

3562. vantage

3563. vapid

3564. variegated

3565. vassal

3566. vaunted

3567. veer

3568. vegetate

3569. vehement

3570. vellum

3571. velocity

3572. venal

3573. vendetta

3574. vendor

3575. veneer

3576. venerable

3577. venerate

3578. venial

3579. venison

3580. vent

3581. vent

3582. ventral

3583. ventriloquist

3584. venturesome

3585. venturous

3586. venue

3587. veracious

3588. verbalize

3589. verbatim

3590. verbiage

3591. verbose

3592. verdant

Vstudy VOCA33000 TOTAL LIST

26

3593. verdigris

3594. verge

3595. verisimilitude

3596. verity

3597. vernacular

3598. vernal

3599. versatile

3600. vertex

3601. vertigo

3602. verve

3603. vestige

3604. vex

3605. viable

3606. viands

3607. vicarious

3608. vicissitude

3609. victuals

3610. vie

3611. vigilance

3612. vignette

3613. vilify

3614. vindicate

3615. vindictive

3616. vintner

3617. viper

3618. virile

3619. virtual

3620. virtue

3621. virtuoso

3622. virulent

3623. virus

3624. visage

3625. visceral

3626. viscid

3627. viscous

3628. vise

3629. visionary

3630. vital

3631. vitiate

3632. vitreous

3633. vitriolic

3634. vituperative

3635. vivacious

3636. vivisection

3637. vixen

3638. vociferous

3639. vogue

3640. volatile

3641. volition

3642. voluble

3643. voluminous

3644. voluptuous

3645. voracious

3646. vortex

3647. vouchsafe

3648. voyeur

3649. vulnerable

3650. vulpine

3651. waffle

3652. waft

3653. waggish

3654. waif

3655. waive

3656. wallow

3657. wan

3658. wane

3659. wangle

3660. wanton

3661. warble

3662. warrant

3663. warranty

3664. warren

3665. wary

3666. wastrel

3667. wax

3668. waylay

3669. wean

3670. weather

3671. welt

3672. welter

3673. welter (n)

3674. wheedle

3675. whelp

3676. whet

3677. whimsical

3678. whinny

3679. whit

3680. whorl

3681. willful

3682. wily

3683. wince

3684. windfall

3685. winnow

3686. winsome

3687. wispy

3688. wistful

3689. wither

3690. witless

3691. witticism

3692. wizardry

3693. wizened

3694. wont

3695. worldly

3696. wraith

3697. wrangle

3698. wrath

3699. wreak

3700. wrench

3701. wrest

3702. writ

3703. writhe

3704. wry

3705. xenophobia

3706. yen

3707. yeoman

3708. yield

3709. yoke

3710. yokel

3711. yore

3712. zany

3713. zealot

3714. zenith

3715. zephyr

VStudy 33000

yeoman

n

소지주; 자작농

man owning small estate; middle-class farmer

It was not the aristocrat but the yeoman who determined the nation's policies.

yield

n

산출; 수확; 산액

amount produced; crop; income on investment

An experienced farmer can estimate the annual yield of his acres with surprising accuracy.

yoke

v

동행이 되다; 어울리다

join together; unite

I don't wish to be yoked to him in marriage, as if we were cattle pulling a plow.

yokel

n

(경멸적)시골뜨기

country bumpkin

At school, his classmates regarded him as a yokel and laughed at his rustic mannerisms.

yore

n

옛날, 옛적

time past

He dreamed of the elegant homes of yore, but gave no thought to their inelegant plumbing.

zany

a

얼빠진, 바보 같은

crazy; comic

I can watch the Marx brothers' zany antics for hours.

zealot

n

열중자; 열광자

fanatic; person who shows excessive zeal

It is good to have a few zealots in our group for their enthusiasm is contagious.

zenith

n

천정; 절정

point directly overhead in the sky; summit

When the sun was at its zenith.

zephyr

n

미풍; 서풍

soft gentle breeze; west wind

When these zephyrs blow; it is good to be in an open boat under a full sail.

윤 태 화 영 어 연 구 실 h t t p : / / w w w . v s t u d y . c o . k r 3 3 8 / 3 3 8