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The Horses of the Cartujano Monks With a primordial past embedded in the Iberian land, before recorded history has left reluctant clues, the presence of this gallant horse in the daily life of Andalucia is linked to an unlikely tale involving an order of monks who carefully guarded the bloodlines with a secluded breeding program that flourished for almost 300 years. The Cartuja de Jerez monastery was established in 1475. The Cartujano monks received a land endowment from a wealthy patron and obtained the necessary license from the Archbishop of Seville to found the monastery. Construction began on the Renaissance structure in 1478, located at the Fuente del Suero estate in Jerez, Spain in the beautiful Guadalete valley. But this story begins well before the Middle Ages. This millennium charger has been celebrated by poets and sculptors, artists and classical masters since the time of the Romans. He was lauded by great classical writers, such as Homer, Xenophon, Virgil & Pliny. Over time, he was discovered by invading Germanic peoples, by the Celts in the 4th century, again later by the Moors in the 7th Century. Interestingly enough, King Philip II of Spain is cited for having “created” the breed much later in the 16th century. It’s really no surprise that everyone wants to claim credit for such a noble, remarkable creation. The origins of this breed are actually traced to ancient cave drawings located in Andalucia, Spain. These pictographs are estimated to be 25,000 years old and depict the highly distinguished baroque body type, clearly showing the breed characteristics were established before the influence of outside blood in later centuries. By Susan Ambrose Many great treasures have been lost through wars and occupation, yet somehow this horse, a living treasure of antiquity, has survived the ravages of time, virtually unchanged for the last 500 years. According to the documentation of the Hierro Del Bocado: This noble, courageous steed has served many roles in service to mankind. Perhaps he owes his sturdiness, his longevity as a riding mount, his sound mind and courage to skills he crafted in battle. But through time, he was also bred for cattle work, the bullring, and classical equitation in the Royal schools throughout Europe. He was the family horse for carriages, parades and played an important role in everyday life. The enviable traits of this horse prompted the many invaders of the Iberian Peninsula to cross-breed it into other lines. Recognizing the problematic results of losing the purity of a bloodline, the Cartujano monks took upon themselves the role of preservation. Without their intervention, the distinct qualities of this breed may have been forever lost. The remarkable allure and majesty of the Andalusian is well preserved in the Carthusian bloodline. Beyond the myth and legend, there is a real, tangible quality of the Cartujano that draws upon an ancient past and captures the soul of horsemen throughout the world. It is said that Louis XIV kept two hundred Andalusian stallions in the stables of Versailles. They were also prized by the Alter Real of Portugal, as well as in the royal stables of Austria, Denmark, and England. By the 16th century, the Monetary’s stewardship of the herd was well underway, coinciding with the opulence and glory of the Spanish Empire and its dominion around the globe. Qualities and Characteristics The allure of the Bocado horse may be in part due to its noble, proud nature or outward beauty. It may also be attributed to the athleticism and strength, the agility and bravery in battle or more recently, the accomplishments on the world stage as an international competitor. This is an articulate creature, with a highly defined intelligence and well developed communicative persona. Could his pensive, intellectual nature be attributed to centuries living in a monastic environment of the air filled with melodic chanting and prayers, of gentle hands guiding his human interactions? What are some distinguishing characteristics of the Cartujano, or Bocado horse? If you take the breed standard of the Andalusian, and lavish it with a touch of spice and embellish with an air of grandeur, you have the makings of a Cartujano horse. The head is delicately carved with greater definition and sculpted depth than you find in most horses. The eye is large, triangular, with a prominent occipital ridge and an intelligent gaze. (The Cartujano monks sought to prevent the cross breeding done by the Military stud with Arabs, which resulted in a round eye on some Andalusians). The jaw is small, creating an overall streamlined profile. The neck is highly arched even at repose with ample crest, smoothly flowing from poll to tail in one alluring round waveform. The shoulder and upper arm is angular and deeply set. The tail set is low, following a long sloped croup with a strong hip. Often the mane and tail are abundant, with dense fine silken hair, the coat is pearly with a velvety smoothness. The temperament is playful, engaging, pensive, intelligent, often regal and yet soft and compliant. The movement is carried very upright, agile, lofty and smooth, with elevated hocks, uphill, well driven impulsion from behind; natural collection and elasticity is often seen from birth. The Napoleonic invasion (1808-1814) brought cataclysmic upheaval to the quiet existence of the monastic daily life. In 1810, the monks were forced to flee the monastery, leaving everything behind. By government decree, the church was ordered to disperse all property, and if not for the generous hand of a clergyman by the name of Pedro José Zapata, the stock would have suffered the fate of total dispersal. The devout Order spent more than 2 years in exile, followed by 9 tumultuous years of strife, and finally in 1835, were permanently expelled as the government abolished all monasteries. Subsequently, La Cartuja was utilized as a prison, and finally in 1948 by government decree, was returned to the order of Carthusian monks, who reside there today. After acquiring the herd in 1810, Pedro José Zapata created a new brand, in the shape of a curb bit. The Bocado brand, Spanish for bit, is how the horses obtained their nickname. Señor Zapata established a breeding herd of 60 mares and 3 stallions obtained from the Carthusian breeding stock. He and his brother Don Juan José managed the breeding program until 1854, The Carthaginians incorporated large numbers of horses into their armies due to their strength and endurance. Later, the ancient Romans were capable of appreciating the bravery of the Andalusian horse and used this breed to its full potential both as a means of transportation in civilian life, as well as in the frequent violent conflicts, and as a sign of distinction reserved for kings and emperors FIVE CENTURIES AGO in the days of the gallant war horse, the Carthusian or Cartujano monks, a devout Order founded by St. Bruno in 1084 in France, conceded to protect the purity of the purebred Spanish horse, and in doing so preserved one of the most celebrated Andalusian lines in history. What they accomplished over the span of three centuries would forever impact not only the future of the horse in Spain, but influence the birth of many breeds throughout the world. 7 www.equestremagazine.com 8 www.equestremagazine.com E UESTRE Q magazine E UESTRE Q magazine

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The Horses of the

CartujanoMonks

With a primordial past embedded in the Iberian land, before recorded history has left reluctant clues, the presence of this gallant horse in the daily life of Andalucia is linked to an unlikely tale involving an order of monks who carefully guarded the bloodlines with a secluded breeding program that flourished for almost 300 years.

The Cartuja de Jerez monastery was established in 1475. The Cartujano monks received a land endowment from a wealthy patron and obtained the necessary license from the Archbishop of Seville to found the monastery. Construction began on the Renaissance structure in 1478, located at the Fuente del Suero estate in Jerez, Spain in the beautiful Guadalete valley.

But this story begins well before the Middle Ages. This millennium charger has been celebrated by poets and sculptors, artists and classical masters since the time of the Romans. He was lauded by great classical writers, such as Homer, Xenophon, Virgil & Pliny. Over time, he was discovered by invading Germanic peoples, by the Celts in the

4th century, again later by the Moors in the 7th Century.

Interestingly enough, King Philip II of Spain is cited for having “created” the breed much later in the 16th century. It’s really no surprise that everyone wants to claim credit for such a noble, remarkable creation.

The origins of this breed are actually traced to ancient cave drawings located in Andalucia, Spain. These pictographs are estimated to be 25,000 years old and depict the highly distinguished baroque body type, clearly showing the breed characteristics were established before the influence of outside blood in later centuries.

BySusan

Ambrose Many great treasures have been lost through wars and occupation, yet somehow this horse, a living treasure of antiquity, has survived the ravages of time, virtually unchanged for the last 500 years. According to the documentation of the Hierro Del Bocado:

This noble, courageous steed has served many roles in service to mankind. Perhaps he owes his sturdiness, his longevity as a riding mount, his sound mind and courage to skills he crafted in battle. But through time, he was also bred for cattle work, the bullring, and classical equitation in the Royal schools throughout Europe. He was the family horse for carriages, parades and played an important role in everyday life.

The enviable traits of this horse prompted the many invaders of the Iberian Peninsula to cross-breed it into other lines. Recognizing the problematic results of losing the purity of a bloodline, the Cartujano monks took upon themselves the role of preservation. Without their intervention, the distinct qualities of this breed may have been forever lost.

The remarkable allure and majesty of the Andalusian is well preserved in the Carthusian bloodline. Beyond the myth and legend, there is a real, tangible quality of the Cartujano that draws upon an ancient past and captures the soul of horsemen throughout the world.

It is said that Louis XIV kept two hundred Andalusian stallions in the stables of Versailles. They were also prized by the Alter Real of Portugal, as well as in the royal stables of Austria, Denmark, and England. By the 16th century, the Monetary’s stewardship of the herd was well underway, coinciding with the opulence and glory of the

Spanish Empire and its dominion around the globe.

Qualities and Characteristics

The allure of the Bocado horse may be in part due to its noble, proud nature or outward beauty. It may also be attributed to the athleticism and strength, the agility and bravery in battle or more recently, the accomplishments on the world stage as an international competitor.

This is an articulate creature, with a highly defined intelligence and well developed communicative persona. Could his pensive, intellectual nature be attributed to centuries living in a monastic environment of the air filled with melodic chanting and prayers, of gentle hands guiding his human interactions?

What are some distinguishing characteristics of the Cartujano, or Bocado horse?

If you take the breed standard of the Andalusian, and lavish it with a touch of spice and embellish with an air of grandeur, you have the makings of a Cartujano horse.

The head is delicately carved with greater definition and sculpted depth than you find in most horses. The eye is large, triangular, with a prominent occipital ridge and an intelligent gaze. (The Cartujano monks sought to prevent the cross breeding done by the Military stud with Arabs, which resulted in a round eye on some Andalusians). The jaw is small, creating an overall streamlined profile. The neck is highly arched even at repose with ample crest, smoothly flowing from poll to tail in one alluring round waveform. The

shoulder and upper arm is angular and deeply set. The tail set is low, following a long sloped croup with a strong hip. Often the mane and tail are abundant, with dense fine silken hair, the coat is pearly with a velvety smoothness. The temperament is playful, engaging, pensive, intelligent, often regal and yet soft and compliant. The movement is carried very upright, agile, lofty and smooth, with elevated hocks, uphill, well driven impulsion from behind; natural collection and elasticity is often seen from birth.

The Napoleonic invasion (1808-1814) brought cataclysmic upheaval to the quiet existence of the monastic daily life. In 1810, the monks were forced to flee the monastery, leaving everything behind.

By government decree, the church was ordered to disperse all property, and if not for the generous hand of a clergyman by the name of Pedro José Zapata, the stock would have suffered the fate of total dispersal. The devout Order spent more than 2 years in exile, followed by 9 tumultuous years of strife, and finally in 1835, were permanently expelled as the government abolished all monasteries. Subsequently, La Cartuja was utilized as a prison, and finally in 1948 by government decree, was returned to the order of Carthusian monks, who reside there today.

After acquiring the herd in 1810, Pedro José Zapata created a new brand, in the shape of a curb bit. The Bocado brand, Spanish for bit, is how the horses obtained their nickname. Señor Zapata established a breeding herd of 60 mares and 3 stallions obtained from the Carthusian breeding stock. He and his brother Don Juan José managed the breeding program until 1854,

The Carthaginians incorporated large numbers of horses into their armies due to their strength and endurance. Later, the ancient Romans were capable of appreciating the bravery of the Andalusian horse and used this breed to its full potential both as a means of transportation in civilian life, as well as in the frequent violent conflicts, and as a sign of distinction reserved for kings and emperors

FIVE CENTURIES AGO in the days of the gallant war horse, the Carthusian or Cartujano monks, a devout Order founded by St. Bruno in 1084 in France, conceded to protect the purity of the purebred Spanish horse, and in doing so preserved one of the most celebrated Andalusian lines in history. What they accomplished over the span of three centuries would forever impact not only the future of the horse in Spain, but influence the birth of many breeds throughout the world.

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at which time, it passed to the son of his brother and over time was managed by various family members.

In 1857, part of the breeding stock was purchased by Don Vincente Romero García, who added a C to the top of the brand. Later he acquired the original Bocado brand, and he enjoyed a successful program gaining recognition in competitions for his fine stock. Upon his death at the beginning of the 1900s, the horses from this stud passed to a number of breeders and Spanish nobility, including the Viscount of Montesina, Juan Pedro Domecq y Núñez de Villavicencio and others, dedicated to safeguarding the purity of the bloodlines.

By the 1980s, a large portion of the descendants were purchased from the Fernando A. Terry stud, along with their vineyards and estate, by Rumasa S.A. Then in 1985, the State Heritage Department, or Patrimonio del Estado took over the stud farm and incorporated it into the public sector company, EXPASA

Agricultura y Ganadería, S. A., which is charged with management and protection of its unique heritage.

The original brand of the monks, in the shape of a bell, was turned over to Expasa in 1998, bringing together for the first time, all branding irons that have marked the Carthusian horses for almost 540 years.

Today the herd resides at the Yeguada de la Cartuja or Hierro del Bocado, maintained by the government at the Finca Fuente del Suero Estate, where there are approximately 200 horses. This herd is designated a National Monument of Spain, and visitors are welcome to experience the awe of this living national treasure. Horses are occasionally offered for sale from the stud.

A small group of Spanish breeders established a studbook for pure

Cartujano horses, called Asociacion de Ganaderos de Caballos Españoles de Estirpe Cartujana. All horses

submitting to the registry must be DNA tested to confirm their claim

as a pure Cartujano horse.

These rare bloodlines are protected by a handful of breeders under a variety of branding irons, dedicated to its preservation, bringing an estimated total of less than 2,000 Bocado horses worldwide. The Spanish horse is embedded in the traditions and heritage of her people, revered today as in past eras, and the finest quality specimens are highly valued in the market today. Enormous pride and honor surrounds these noble horses, which can only be understood by experiencing it first hand.

Reference:

Yeguada de la Cartujawww.yeguadacartuja.com

Asociacion de Ganaderos de Caballos Españoles de Estirpe Cartujana

Art: Jose Manuel Gomez – painting www.josemanuelgomez.com

Los caballos de los

Nonjes deCartujano

Por Susan Ambrose

Con un pasado primigenio incrustado en la tierra ibérica, antes que la historia a dejado pista reacios, la presencia de este caballo galante en la vida cotidiana de Andalucía está ligada a un cuento improbable que implican una orden de monjes que custodiaban cuidadosamente las líneas de sangre con un programa de cría aislado que floreció durante casi 300 años.

HACE cinco siglos.... en los días de caballos galantes de guerra, los monjes cartujos o Cartujano, una orden fundada por St. Bruno en 1084 en Francia, concedió a proteger la pureza del caballo pura raza española y al hacerlo, conservo una de las líneas de andaluz más célebres en la historia. Lo que lograron en el lapso de tres siglos tendría para siempre un impacto no sólo el futuro del caballo en España, pero que influyera en el establecimiento de muchas razas por todo el mundo.

El monasterio de la Cartuja de Jerez se estableció en 1475. Los monjes Cartujano recibieron una dotación de tierras de un rico mecenas y obtuvieron la licencia necesaria por el Arzobispo de Sevilla para fundar el monasterio. La construcción comenzó en la estructura del Renacimiento en 1478, ubicado en la finca Fuente del Suero en Jerez, España, en el hermoso valle de Guadalete.

Pero esta historia comienza mucho antes de la edad media. Este caballo de Milenio se ha celebrado por poetas y escultores, artistas y maestros clásicos desde la época de los romanos. Él fue elogiado por grandes escritores clásicos, como Homer, Xenophon, Virgil & Pliny. Con el tiempo, fue descubierto por pueblos invasores germánicos, por los celtas en

el siglo IV, más tarde por los árabes en el siglo VII.

Curiosamente, el rey Felipe II de España se le propina haber "creado" la raza mucho más tarde en el siglo XVI. Realmente no es sorprender ente que todos quieren reclamar crédito por una creación tan noble y notable.

Los orígenes de esta raza realmente se pueden trazar a dibujos antiguos en una cueva ubicada en Andalucía, España. Estos pictogramas se estiman ser de 25,000 años y representan el típico cuerpo barroco, mostrando claramente que las características de la raza fueron establecidas antes de la influencia de otra sangre en siglos posteriores.

Muchos grandes tesoros se han perdido a través de guerras y ocupación, sin embargo, de alguna manera este caballo, un tesoro viviente de la antigüedad, ha sobrevivido los estragos del tiempo, prácticamente sin cambios durante los últimos 500 años. Según la documentación del Hierro del Bocado:

Los cartagineses incorporaron gran cantidad de caballos en sus ejércitos debido a su fuerza y resistencia. Más tarde, los romanos fueren capaces de apreciar la valentía del caballo andaluz y utilizaron esta raza en su máximo potencial como un medio de transporte en la vida civil, así como en los frecuentes conflictos violentos y como un signo de distinción reservado para reyes y emperadores.

Este noble y valiente corcel ha hecho muchos papeles en el servicio a la humanidad. Quizás debe su robustez,

su longevidad como una monta de equitación, sus facultades mentales y coraje a habilidades que elaboro en batalla. Pero a través del tiempo, también fue criado para trabajo de ganado, la Plaza de toros, y equitación clásica en las escuelas reales de toda Europa. Fue el caballo familiar para carruajes, desfiles e hizo un papel importante en la vida diaria.

Los rasgos envidiables de este caballo han hecho que muchos invasores de la Península Ibérica lo mesclen con otras líneas. Reconociendo los resultados problemáticos de perder la pureza de linaje, los monjes Cartujano tomaron sobre sí el papel de preservación. Sin su intervención, las distintas cualidades de esta raza pueden haber sido perdidas para siempre.

El encanto y majestuosidad del andaluz está bien conservado en el linaje de los cartujos. Más allá del mito y leyenda, hay una calidad real y tangible del Cartujano que se basa en un pasado antiguo y captura el alma de jinetes en todo el mundo.

Se dice que Luis XIV mantuvo doscientos sementales andaluces

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en las caballerizas del Palacio de Versalles. También eran muy apreciados por el Alter Real de Portugal, así como en las caballerizas reales de Inglaterra, Dinamarca y Austria. Por el siglo XVI, corresponsabilidad monetaria de la manada estaba en marcha, coincidiendo con la opulencia y la gloria del Imperio español y su dominio del mundo.

Cualidades Y Características

El encanto del caballo Bocado puede ser debido en parte a su noble naturaleza, orgullo, o belleza externa. También puede atribuirse al atletismo y la fuerza, la agilidad y valentía en la batalla, o más recientemente, los logros en la escena mundial como un competidor internacional.

Este es una criatura articular, con una inteligencia muy definida y un ser comunicativo bien desarrollado. ¿Podría que su naturaleza pensativa, intelectual atribuirse a siglos viviendo en un ambiente monacal con el aire lleno de canto melódico y oraciones, de manos suaves, guiando sus interacciones humanas?

¿Cuáles son algunas de las características distintivas del Cartujano, o caballo Del Bocado?

Si tomas el estándar del andaluz, y le agregas un toque de sangre caliente y lo embelleces con un aire de grandeza, tiene las cualidades de un caballo Cartujano.

La cabeza está delicadamente detallada con mayor definición que encontrarás en la mayoría de los caballos. El ojo es grande, triangular, con una cresta occipital y una mirada inteligente. (Los monjes Cartujano intentaron evitar la cría cruzada realizada por los sementales militar con los árabes, que resultó en un ojo redondo en algunos andaluces). La mandíbula es pequeña, creando un perfil adelgazado. El cuello es altamente arqueado incluso, en reposo, tiene amplia cresta, que suavemente fluye de la nuca a la cola en una onda atractiva. El brazo del hombro y la parte superior es angular y profundamente establecida.

Tail. El conjunto de la cola es bajo, tras una larga pendiente rabadilla

y una cadera fuerte. A menudo las crines y la cola son abundantes, con denso pelo fino como seda, la capa es color perla con una suavidad aterciopelada. Su temperamento es travieso, atractivo, pensativo, inteligente, a menudo regio y aún suave y compatible. Su movimiento es muy derecho, ágil, noble y suave, con corvejones elevados, cuesta arriba, bien formados para impulsión desde atrás; a menudo la elasticidad y colección natural es visto desde el nacimiento.

La invasión napoleónica (1808-1814) trajo agitación de cataclismo a la existencia tranquila de la vida diaria monástica. En 1810, los monjes se vieron obligados a abandonar el monasterio, dejando todo atrás.

Por decreto del gobierno, la Iglesia ordenó dispersar toda la propiedad, y si no fuera por la generosidad de un clérigo, Pedro José Zapata, el almacén hubiera sufrido perdida completa. El devoto orden pasó más de 2 años en el exilio, seguido por 9 tumultuosos años de luchas y finalmente en 1835, permanentemente fueron expulsados como el gobierno abolió todos los monasterios. Posteriormente, La Cartuja fue utilizada como prisión y finalmente en 1948 por decreto gubernamental, fue devuelto al orden de los cartujos, que residen allí hoy.

Después de adquirir el rebaño en 1810, Pedro José Zapata creó un nuevo fiero, en la forma de freno de curva. El fiero del Bocado, es cómo los caballos obtuvieron su apodo. Señor Zapata estableció un hato de cría de 60 yeguas y 3 sementales obtenidos de la cría de los cartujos. Él y su hermano Don Juan José administraron el programa de cría hasta 1854, cunando, se lo pasó al hijo de su hermano y con el tiempo fue administrado por varios miembros de la familia.

En 1857, parte de la cría fue adquirida por Don Vicente Romero García, quien agregó una C en la parte superior de la marca. Posteriormente adquirió la marca original de Bocado, y disfrutó de un exitoso programa ganando reconocimiento en concursos por sus finos ejemplares. Tras su muerte a principios del siglo XX, los caballos pasaron a un número de criadores y de la

nobleza española, incluyendo el vizconde de Montesina, Juan Pedro Domecq y Núñez de Villavicencio y otros, dedicados a salvaguardar la pureza de las líneas de sangre.

Durante la década de 1980, gran parte de los descendientes fueron comprados de el semental Fernando A. Terry, junto con sus viñedos y raíces, por Rumasa S.A. Luego en 1985, el Patrimonio del Estado se hizo cargo de la Yeguada e lo incorporó a la empresa del sector público, EXPASA Agricultura y Ganadería, S. A., que está encargada de la gestión y protección de su patrimonio único.

El fiero original de los monjes, en la forma de una campana, fue entregado a Expasa en 1998, lo cual reúne por primera vez, todas los fieros que han marcado los caballos cartujanos por casi 540 años.

Hoy en día la yeguada reside en la Yeguada de la Cartuja o el Hierro del Bocado, mantenida por el Gobierno en la finca de Finca Fuente del Suero, donde hay aproximadamente 200 caballos. Este rebaño esta designado un monumento nacional de España, y los visitantes son Bienvenidos a sentir el asombro de este tesoro nacional viviente. Ocasionalmente, Caballos del semental se ofrecen de venta.

Un pequeño grupo de criadores españoles estableció un libro para caballos de sangre Cartujano pura, llamada Asociación de Ganaderos de Caballos Españoles de Estirpe Cartujana. Todos los caballos presentados para el registro deben someter ADN para confirmar su solicitud como un caballo Cartujano puro.

Estas líneas raras están protegidas por un puño de criadores bajo una variedad de fieros, dedicado a su preservación, trayendo un total de menos de 2,000 caballos de Bocado en todo el mundo. El caballo español está incrustado en las tradiciones y el patrimonio de su pueblo, hoy venerado como en épocas pasadas, y las mejores muestras de calidad son muy apreciadas en el mercado. Honor y orgullo enorme rodea estos caballos nobles, que sólo pueden apreciarse en persona.

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