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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
UPON COMPLETION OF THIS PRESENTATION, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
1. Define the term “external analgesic”
2. List the various topical drugs available as nonprescription external analgesic products (generic and brand names)
3. Discuss the differences in mechanisms of action between the various external analgesic products identified
4. Identify specific factors to discuss when providing patient education
SO... WHAT ARE EXTERNAL ANALGESICS? An external analgesic is a medication for pain management designed to be applied externally, rather than being taken internally.
For the treatment and management of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders, many patients commonly use nonprescription topical analgesics.
Available in several different formulations, including gels, ointments, creams, lotions, sprays, and patches,
These products may have local analgesic, anesthetic, antipruritic and/or counterirritant effects.
METHYL SALICYLATE Origin
Oil of Wintergreen
Effect When AppliedRubefacient
produces redness of the skin e.g. by causing dilation of the capillaries and an increase in blood circulation.
TROLAMINE SALICYLATE Origin
Salt formed between triethanolamine and salicylic acid
Effect When AppliedRubefacient
Produces redness of the skin e.g. by causing dilation of the capillaries and an increase in blood circulation.
Flex-power was founded in 2001 for athletes who disliked the smell of existing sports-related pain relief products.
They received guidance from PowerBar founder, Brian Maxwell and hired scientists who developed the Flexpower formula within a year.
The company indicates that liposome nanotechnology is used in Flex-power to embed the active ingredients in tiny particles for delivery through the skin.
TIGER KNOWS BEST
CLINICAL TEACHING1. Pharmacists should advise patients that
nonprescription topical analgesics are intended to treat mild to moderate pain for no longer than 7 days.
2. Factors that may be considered when selecting a nonprescription topical analgesic include dosage form, cost, ease of use, odor, and the patient’s medical history, including possible allergies.
3. Patients who are taking anticoagulation therapy should be cautioned not to use topical products that contain salicylates
CLINICAL TEACHING4. Patients should be counseled on the proper use
of these products, which include using them as directed and only applying topical products to intact skin.
5. Hands should always be washed after applying topical products and before touching the eyes or mucous membranes.
6. Patients should be advised to consult their primary health care provider if pain changes in severity or persists after 7 days of self-treatment.
MISCONCEPTIONS & PRECAUTIONS
1. “Its perfectly alright to take a spoonful of Vick’s VapoRub by mouth.”
2. Pad and Patch Don’t Match!
3. Location, location, location