EAP10 : TRENDS & MIGRATION

Water shortages and flash floods hit the UK

Water shortages and flash floods hit the UK

Water shortages and flash floods hit the UK

It is widely believed that global warming has been a key factor in climate changes around the world.

The recent water supply crisis in British towns and cities has been caused by a series of very dry winters and long hot summers. Some climatologists believe this is not a temporary phenomenon, but part of a worldwide trend caused by global warming. The relative lack of annual rainfall in recent years has also led to serious problems for British farmers. Ironically, their own intensive farming methods have contributed to problems of water shortage, by creating soil erosion due to lack of tree planting. Soil erosion means that water runs off the land instead of being absorbed into the ground. The escaping, excess water produces further environmental damage in the form of flash flooding in villages and towns. Another factor contributing to urban water shortages is the poor quality of old water pipes, many of which date back to the nineteenth century….

Water shortages and flash floods hit the UK

Which words fill the gaps?

It is widely believed that global warming has been a k______ f ______ i ______ climate changes around the world.

The recent water supply crisis in British towns and cities h ______ b ______ c ______ b ______ a series of very dry winters and long hot summers. Some climatologists believe this is not a temporary phenomenon, but part of a worldwide trend c ______ b ______ global warming. The relative lack of annual rainfall in recent years h ______ a ______ l ______ t ______ serious problems for British farmers. Ironically, their own intensive farming methods h ______ c ______ t ______ problems of water shortage, by creating soil erosion d ______ t ______ lack of tree planting. Soil erosion m ______ t ______ water runs off the land instead of being absorbed into the ground. The escaping, excess water p______ further environmental damage in the form of flash flooding in villages and towns.

Another f ______ c ______ to urban water shortages is the poor quality of old water pipes, many of which date back to the nineteenth century….

Water shortages and flash floods hit the UK

It is widely believed that global warming has been a key factor in climate changes around the world.

The recent water supply crisis in British towns and cities has been caused by a series of very dry winters and long hot summers. Some climatologists believe this is not a temporary phenomenon, but part of a worldwide trend caused by global warming. The relative lack of annual rainfall in recent years has also led to serious problems for British farmers. Ironically, their own intensive farming methods have contributed to problems of water shortage, by creating soil erosion due to lack of tree planting. Soil erosion means that water runs off the land instead of being absorbed into the ground. The escaping, excess water produces further environmental damage in the form of flash flooding in villages and towns. Another factor contributing to urban water shortages is the poor quality of old water pipes, many of which date back to the nineteenth century….

Can you add details to these ideas to form sentences:

1. ….is a key factor in doing well at university.

2. Rainbows are caused by…

3. …has led to movement of people from rural to urban areas.

4. …has contributed to crime (in your country)

5. …means that the sky is blue.

6. A factor contributing to happiness is…

B Listening input: a lecture describing trends (taken from Rignall and Furnaux, Speaking Unit 7)

a. Listen to the lecture excerpt on unemployment trends in four countries (France, Germany, Japan and the UK) and label the graph lines accordingly:

Unemployment 1980 - 92

1980 1992

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Unemployment 1980 - 92

1980 1992

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Short discussion practice: preparing and presenting ideas (migration causes and effects)

Discuss questions (a) or (b)

(a)

•What can cause people to emigrate (the push factors)?

•What can be the negative effects of emigration on a home country?

•Which countries do you think are experiencing most emigration?

•Do you think international migration is on the increase or decrease?

(b)

•What can cause people to immigrate to a country (the pull factors)?

•Which countries do you believe receive the greatest number of immigrants?

•What might be positive effects of immigration on a host country?

•What might be negative effects of immigration on a host country?

•Asylum seeker

•Brain drain

•Economic migrant

•Forced migration

•Push-pull factors

•Refugee

•Remittances

•Human trafficking

1. The emigration of a large number of a country's highly skilled and educated population to countries where they can expect to find better economic and social opportunities.

Brain drain

5. The UN defines this as “The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation."

Human trafficking

2. A way to categorise the negative and positive influences which drive people to leave their countries and attract them to their new countries.

Push-pull factors

6. Described by the UN as “someone who has made a claim that he or she is a refugee and is awaiting the determination of his or her status”. The term contains no presumption either way - it simply describes the fact that someone has lodged the claim.

Asylum seeker 3. Monies earned or acquired by migrants that are sent back

to their country of origin.

Remittances

7. A person who is outside his/ her country of nationality or habitual residence; [he or she] has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/ her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/ herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.“

Refugee

4. Someone who leaves behind their country of origin in order to improve their quality of life.

Economic migrant

8. The International Organisation for Migration defines this as the non-voluntary movement of someone who wishes to escape an armed conflict, violence, the violation of their rights or a natural or man-made disaster.

Forced migration

Module 3 EAP Writing Assignment (2)

You are expected to write approximately 250 words. You will be submitting this assignment to PS moodle.

d. Essay writing assignment: write an essay on the topic of migration.

Planning steps - decide on the specific aspect of the topic you wish to write about (the thesis)- think of a title for your essay (this can be a statement or question)- decide on your main argument (the position you will take)- write a plan of your text, showing organisation of points- talk through your plan with a study partner- write a draft of your essay- edit carefully for language

For extra help with writing, read pages 194 – 205 of Academic Writing and work through the tasks.

You can e-mail any questions or exercises to me and I can check / correct them for you – Mark.