Early Agriculture 8000 BCE- 600 lecture ONE

• 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION

• Generation OF reliable surpluses

• Highly specialized occupations• Clear social class distinctions• Growth of cities• Complex, formal governments• Long-distant trade• Organized writing system

• DEFINITION OF A HUMAN• Aggressive against their own

kind• Babies are dependant for a

long time• -Limits adult women• Awareness of death• Opposable thumb• Standing upright (bipedial)• FAACIAL EXPRESSIONS• Elaborate speech

Paleolithic age Meolithic age

• Old stone age• Foragers –hunter

gatherer society• Nomadic• Slow population growth• Survival techniques,

Lived in large enough tribes to defend themselves, housing and clothing

• Cave painting at Lascaux

• Belief in the afterlife

• Middle stone age• 12,ooo to 8000 BCE• Stone tools• Domesticated animals• Accelerated population

growth

Agricultural Revol. Cause & Effect

• Agricultural vs. neolithic• Systematics/swidden

agriculture• Cleared land• Domestication, dogs,

selective breeding, llamas in the americas

• Development of villages due to surplus food supplies

• Growing crops (advantage)-increased populations

• Climate changes- social stratification

• Loss of large game animals- conflicts (villages, hunter-gatherers vs farmers)