Earth, Moon, and BeyondEarth, Moon, and Beyond

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Day and NightDay and NightThe sun is the star at The sun is the star at the center of our solar the center of our solar system.system.The cycle of day and The cycle of day and night occurs because night occurs because Earth rotates, or spins Earth rotates, or spins on its axis.on its axis.Earth’s axis is an Earth’s axis is an imaginary line that imaginary line that passes through the passes through the North and South Poles.North and South Poles.24 hour cycle24 hour cycle

Earth’s SeasonsEarth’s SeasonsEarth revolves or travels in a Earth revolves or travels in a path around the sun. This path path around the sun. This path is called Earth’s orbit.is called Earth’s orbit.Seasons are produced by Seasons are produced by Earth’s tilt on its axis.Earth’s tilt on its axis.Earth is divided into 2 Earth is divided into 2 hemispheres by the equator hemispheres by the equator which is an imaginary line.which is an imaginary line.When it is summer in the When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere it is Northern Hemisphere it is winter in the Southern winter in the Southern Hemisphere.Hemisphere.

High and LowsHigh and LowsSeasons at the North and Seasons at the North and South Pole are very South Pole are very different from other places.different from other places.

In the summer the poles get In the summer the poles get 6 months of daylight and no 6 months of daylight and no darkness. In winter there darkness. In winter there are 6 months of darkness are 6 months of darkness and no daylight.and no daylight.

The South Pole has vey low The South Pole has vey low temperatures all year long. temperatures all year long.

The MoonThe MoonAny natural body that Any natural body that revolves around a planet.revolves around a planet.

RockyRocky

Made up of aluminum, Made up of aluminum, oxygen, calcium, silicon, oxygen, calcium, silicon, and iron.and iron.

Contains craters which are Contains craters which are bowl shaped areas on the bowl shaped areas on the surface.surface.

No atmosphere or water.No atmosphere or water.

The Moon and the EarthThe Moon and the Earth

Same Elements

Dense

Rocky

Craters

AtmosphereRevolves

AroundA Planet

No LiquidWater or

Air

Liquid Water

MoonEarth

Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon

The moon travels around The moon travels around the Earth.the Earth.The moon rotates as it The moon rotates as it revolves.revolves.The moon rotates slower The moon rotates slower than the Earth.than the Earth.The moon does not give The moon does not give off its own light.off its own light.As the moon orbits the As the moon orbits the Earth its position in the Earth its position in the sky changes.sky changes.

A moon phase is one of A moon phase is one of the shapes the moon the shapes the moon seems to have as it orbits seems to have as it orbits Earth.Earth.The cycle takes 29 ½ The cycle takes 29 ½ days.days.The side of the moon we The side of the moon we can not see from Earth can not see from Earth was once called the dark was once called the dark side of the moon. This is side of the moon. This is incorrect because all incorrect because all sides of the moon sides of the moon receives light.receives light.

EclipsesEclipsesOccurs when one body in Occurs when one body in space blocks light from space blocks light from reaching another body.reaching another body.On Earth, we see solar and On Earth, we see solar and lunar eclipses.lunar eclipses.A solar eclipse occurs when a A solar eclipse occurs when a new moon casts a shadow on new moon casts a shadow on Earth.Earth.A lunar eclipse occurs when a A lunar eclipse occurs when a full moon passes through the full moon passes through the shadow of Earth.shadow of Earth.

Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon

The Sun and Other StarsThe Sun and Other StarsThe sun is a star which is a huge ball of The sun is a star which is a huge ball of hot gases in space.hot gases in space.

The sun is the center of our solar The sun is the center of our solar system.system.

A solar system is made up of a star A solar system is made up of a star and planets and objects that revolve and planets and objects that revolve around that star.around that star.

The sun is important because of the The sun is important because of the energy it provides.energy it provides.

Scientists classify stars by color and Scientists classify stars by color and brightness.brightness.

A constellation is a pattern of stars.A constellation is a pattern of stars.

Inner PlanetsInner PlanetsA planet is a body that A planet is a body that revolves around a star.revolves around a star.

The four inner planets are The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.and Mars.

They are rocky and They are rocky and dense. dense.

Mercury is closet planet Mercury is closet planet to the sun.to the sun.

The asteroid belt between The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.Mars and Jupiter.

Outer PlanetsOuter Planets

There are 5 outer planets: There are 5 outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.Neptune, and Pluto.The first four are gas giants The first four are gas giants (made mostly of hydrogen and (made mostly of hydrogen and helium) and Pluto is now helium) and Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet.considered a dwarf planet.Jupiter is the largest planet.Jupiter is the largest planet.There is a new dwarf planet Eris There is a new dwarf planet Eris also called UB 313.also called UB 313.

Our Solar SystemOur Solar System

Beyond the Solar SystemBeyond the Solar SystemThe universe is The universe is everything that exists everything that exists which includes the which includes the stars, planets, dust, stars, planets, dust, and energy.and energy.

A galaxy is gas, dust, A galaxy is gas, dust, and a group of stars.and a group of stars.

Galaxies are Galaxies are classified by shapes.classified by shapes.

Space ExplorationSpace Exploration

The telescope allows The telescope allows people to get a closer people to get a closer look at space.look at space.

Today scientists use Today scientists use telescopes, satellites, telescopes, satellites, and space probes to and space probes to explore space.explore space.

QuestionsQuestions

How does Earth’s Orbit affect the How does Earth’s Orbit affect the seasons?seasons?

How does the Earth and the moon How does the Earth and the moon compare?compare?

What makes up our solar system?What makes up our solar system?

If you were to survive on the moon, what If you were to survive on the moon, what supplies would you need?supplies would you need?