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Earth, Moon and the Sun. Motions of the Earth. Moon Differences & Space Visits. Phases of the Moon. Eclipses. Tides. The moon would look like this to someone on earth:. ½ of Earth and moon are always in sunlight. Sunlight. Moon. SUN. SUN. Sunlight. Earth. Sunlight. Moon. Moon. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Earth, Moon and the Sun
Phases of the Moon
Eclipses
Tides
Motions of the Earth
Moon Differences & Space Visits
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½ of Earth and moon are always in sunlight
Earth
The moon would look like this to someone on earth:
Sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
SUN
SUN
Moon
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Earth
Because the moon revolves around Earth, it looks different each night
MoonMoon
Moon
Moon
Moon
Moon
Moon
Moon
Sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
SUN
Keep clicking here to
fast forward
time
What the moon looks like from earth:
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If the moon is less than ½ full,
it’s called a crescent moon.
If the moon is more than ½ full,
it’s called a gibbous moon.
If you can see the right side of the
moon, it’s waxing (getting bigger). If you can see the left side of the moon,
it’s waning (getting smaller).
There are 2 ways we describe a moon phase:1) How full is it? 2) Is it growing or shrinking?
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Some names of moon phases
New moon
Waxing crescent
1st quarter
3rd quarter
Waning crescent
Full moon
Waxing gibbous
Waning gibbous
Crescent: less than ½ fullGibbous: more than ½ fullWaxing: getting biggerWaning: getting smaller
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Can you put these moon phases in the correct order?
A
B
C
D
E
F G
H
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Can you put these moon phases in the correct order?
M
O
N
K
P
J
L
Q
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That’s the endof this section.
Click here to go home
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Our Earth has 2 types of motion:
North Pole
Earth moves around the sun (this is called revolution)
Earth spins on its axis(this is called rotation)
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Earth orbits the sun.
In the time it takes Earth to do 1 revolution around the sun, the moon has done about 12 revolutions around Earth. We have 12 moonths in 1 year.
And the moon orbits Earth.
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It looks like the sun moves around Earth, causing day and night
Keep clicking here to see another day
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Every 24 hours, Earth does 1 rotation
12
6
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21
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8
1011
Spacebar: start & freeze
Page Up: rewind
North Pole
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Day and night is caused by Earth’s rotation
SUN
Spacebar: start & freeze
Page Up: rewind
It looks like the sun moves across the sky – but the Earth is spinning
– the sun is still!
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Sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
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Sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
SUN
Sunrise
Noon
Sunset
Day and night is caused by Earth’s rotation
12
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Midnight
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The difference between night and day
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½ of the Earth and moon are always in sunlight
Earth
The moon would look like this to someone on earth:
Sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
SUN
SUN
Moon
That’s the endof this section.
Click here to go home
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Because the sun is 400 times
larger than the moon…
MoonSun
Click here to see a 6 minute video of a Total Solar Eclipse (in Turkey, 2006)
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… and the moon is
400 times closer
than the sun…
MoonSun
… the moon looks the same size as the sun to everyone on Earth
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The moon’s orbit is slanted
compared to Earth’s orbit
Sun
Earth
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Because the moon’s orbit is slanted compared to Earth’s orbit, the moon rarely passes exactly
between Earth and the sun
Sun
Be patient, my little
house friend
Think they’ll cross?
Whew! That was close!
Well actually, when the moon passes near the sun, you cannot see the moon because we are seeing the moon’s dark side. However, let’s continue to pretend you were able to see the moon during the day…
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When the moon blocks out the sun, we have a solar eclipse
Yes – very cool
Cool!
S M E
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When the moon blocks out the sun, we have a solar eclipse
I’m a tree!
I can see!
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Total solar eclipse
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Total solar eclipse
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In an annular solar eclipse – moon only blocks middle of sun because the moon is a little further away from Earth
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Planets between Earth and the sun (Mercury and Venus) can cause mini-eclipses, called transits.
Transit of Venus – June 8, 2004
S V E
Venus
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When the Earth blocks out the moon, we have a lunar eclipse
It’s because some light from the sun
deflects off the Earth’s
atmosphere and hits the moon.
Why does the moon look red
instead of being completely
blocked out?Can you see Earth’s shadow block out stars?
S ME
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Partial lunar eclipse
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Mr. Ligon took this photo from his
house during the Total Lunar Eclipse of
February 20, 2008
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A zoom-in on the previous photo
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Sun
Moon
Earth
Can you move the moon to create a solar eclipse? A lunar eclipse?
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The blue lines on this map show the paths of all the total solar eclipses from 1951 to 2000
homehttp://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEmap/SEmapNA/SEmapNA.html
The blue lines on this map show the paths of all the total solar eclipses from 2001 to 2050
That’s the endof this section.
Click here to go home
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Tide video links
• Tides coming in/out 1
• Tides coming in/out 2
• Mystery of Tides
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The moon’s gravity pulls Earth’s water toward the moon
Moon
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Because Earth rotates, the same spot on earth has 2 high tides and 2 low tides about every 24 hours
Moon
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Spacebar: freeze
Page Up: rewind
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Make high tide
Make low tide
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The French castle Mont Saint Michel is sometimes an island
That’s the endof this section.
Click here to go home
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High tide and low tide, at the same
place
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4 important differences between Earth and the moon
1. The moon is about as ¼ as wide as the earth
2. The moon is covered with craters
3. The moon has less gravity than the earth
4. The moon has no air (atmosphere) on it
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People first thought the dark, flat parts of the moon were oceans
Some people named these dark regions
maria – the Latin word for ocean. However,
these regions are really dried out lava beds.
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Many craters can be seen easily from earth
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Moon craters were caused by objects in space that crashed into the moon
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Moon craters come in all sizes
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The moon’s gravity only 1/6 as strong as the earth’s gravity
Earth Moon
Even if you jumped as hard as you could, you would not float
away from the moon. The moon has less gravity – not no
gravity. To escape the moon, you must go about 5000 m.p.h.
50 lbs300lbs
You would be able to lift 6 times as much weight on the moon
You would only weigh 1/6 as much
on the moon
Thanks to my diet, I now weigh only
180 lbs
Thanks to my diet, I now weigh only
30 lbs
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Remember that Galileo proved that all objects fall at the same speed if you ignore air resistance
Earth
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Because the moon has no air,there is no air resistance
Earth Moon
On the earth, the air slows down the falling feather. The bowling ball is too heavy to be
stopped by the air.
On the moon, there is no air to slow down the falling
feather. The feather falls as quickly as the bowling ball.
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Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the moon
This is even
more fun than gym!
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This photograph was taken during
the first moon landing (1969) by astronaut Michael Collins – you can
see the moon below and the earth
in the distance
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The moon is a fun place to
play hide-and-seek!
97, 98, 99, 100. Ready or
not, here I come!
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Many countries are working together to build the International Space Station – which orbits Earth
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Dr. Mae Jemison
Eileen Collins
Chiaki Mukai
Kalpana Chawla Dr. Bernard Harris
Neil Armstrong
Col. Susan Helms
We’ve got room for 1 more
person – want to come?
That’s the endof this section.
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7 astronauts who studied math and science
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M
V
Our Solar System
E
M
J
S
U
N
P
Sun
The closer a planet is to the sun, the faster it moves
Sometimes Pluto is closer to the sun than Neptune
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