Earth’s History & Geologic

Time Notes

How Changes Occur on the Earth Plate Tectonics: theory of how Earth’s tectonic _______ move and ________ in _______plates move an average of _______ a year and in ______ different ways

plateschange

shape2-5cm

three

How Changes Occur on the Earth convergent boundary: plates move ________ each other

plates can _______ to form ___________ or one plate can _____ ______ another plate creating a line of ___________

towardcollide

mountains slideundervolcanoes

How Changes Occur on the Earth divergent boundary: plates move ______ from each other

new _____ ______ here; could be new _______ floor or ___________ crust

away land forms

ocean continental

How Changes Occur on the Earth

transform boundary: plates _____ _____ each other creating _____________

slide pastearthquakes

How Changes Occur on the Earth Continental Drift: describes that as tectonic _______ move, ___________ have _______ with them changing the Earth’s surface

platesmove

d

continents

Quick Write # 1

1. How does the Planet Earth Change?

2. List two directions that the plates move and what do they form?

3. What is Continental Drift? How fast are the plates moving apart per year?

Affects of Earth Changes As _______ and continents ______ together and ______, there are many consequences

can ________ how ______ currents and _____ patterns flow on the Earth•these changes affect the _____ of _____ around the Earth which can cause _________ in ________

plates

moveapart

change oceanwind

flowheat changes climate

Ex: when the panama land bridge formed it changed the flow of the oceans.

Warm tropical waters flowed between

continents

Gulf stream created. Moves warm water across the Atlantic Ocean

giving western Europe a mild climate.

Affects of Earth Changes

can cause the __________ of new _________ and environmentscan ________ existing habitats and ______________

formationhabitatsdestroyenvironments

Ex: the panama land bridge also changed habitats and the distribution of organisms.

Land animals not able to move between continents, however, sea animals were able to move

between the oceans

Allowed land animals to move between North & South America.

Sea creatures were separated and some evolved into different

species.

____________ are _________ by the changes caused by plate tectonics

organisms will either _______ to the _________ (evolve) or become

________•extinction: the _______ of every member of a _________

organisms

affected

adaptchanges extinc

tdeathspecie

s

Affects of Earth Changes

some earth changes ____ _______ in the ______ ___________ of organisms

mass extinction: the _______ of ______ species around the ______ _____

can

resultmass extinctio

nmany

death sam

etime

Affects of Earth Changes

could be caused by _________ events, like ________ change and changes in ocean currents, or _____________ events, like an _________ impact

gradualclimate

catastrophicasteroid

Affects of Earth Changes

Geologic Time Scale

Developed _________ _____ ______ to break up Earth’s history into ________ ______

GeologicTime Scale

smallerunits

Geologic time scale has ___ major

_________ of time:_____ are the ________ division, followed by _____, then ________ and finally ________ (the _________ division of the four)

4 divisions

Eons

smallest

largest

Geologic Time Scale

erasperiods

epochs

divisions of the time scale are ____________ by _______ _________ in Earth’s history

major _________ in ______ things, ___________ of living things and changes in the ________ _________ decide how to divide Earth’s history

determined majorchange

s living

Geologic Time Scale

changesextinctio

n Earth’s surface

Quick Write # 2

4. Name 3 ways that the changes on Earth affect us.5. Explain what is the Geologic Time Scale.

Precambrian Time: 4.6 billion years ago – 542 million years agoFirst organisms called _____________ (cells without a nucleus) appeared in ________ more than ____ billion years ago

prokaryotes

oceans

3.6

Cyanobacteria: type of prokaryote that _____ ________________ to make own food.

Photosynthesis _________ ________ into the atmosphere and began to build up over millions of years.

photosynthesis

released

Precambrian Time

oxygen

uses

Oxygen build-up led to the formation of _______ which __________ organisms from the harmful _________ of the sunAllowed for development of _________ organisms & for ___________ to survive on _____

protected radiatio

n

Precambrian Time

complex

ozone

organismslan

d

After about 1 billion years ____________ (cells with a nucleus) began to _______Invertebrates (animals ________ backbones) developed near the ____ of the _____________

without

appear

Precambrian Time

end

eukaryotes

Precambrian

Quick Write # 3

6. What two types of living Organisms appeared during the Precambrian Time? 7. Which one gave Earth oxygen and why was this imporatant?

Paleozoic Era: 542 – 251 million years ago

First organisms with _____ body ______ (shells, exoskeletons & bones) evolvedBroken into ____ periods

hard parts

six

1. Cambrian: ________ animals with hard body parts

2. Ordovician: early vertebrates appeared (animals _____ ____________)

Paleozoic Era

with

marine

backbones

3. Silurian: ______ life on land evolved

4. Devonian: ____ evolved and were __________; early ____________ show up in the fossil record

Paleozoic Era plant

fish

dominantamphibians

5. Carboniferous: divided into ______________ & Pennsylvanian in U.S.● Mississippian: ____________ were the __________ vertebrate

● Pennsylvanian: early ________ emerge

Paleozoic Era

Mississippian

reptiles

dominant

amphibians

6. Permian: formation of the large land mass called ________ caused ____ of coastal _______ and climate change

Paleozoic Era

Pangaeahabita

tloss

Period ended with a mass extinction of ____% of all organisms due to _________ in the _______________ caused by plate tectonics

Paleozoic Era

90 changesenvironmen

ts

Quick Write #4

8. How long did the Paleozoic Era last? 9. What happened at the end of the Paleozoic Era?

Mesozoic Era: 251 - 65 million years agoEra known as “_____ of ___________” and broken into 3 periods1. Triassic: time of ____________

•small ___________ evolved

Age

Dinosaurs

transitiondinosaur

s

Pangaea ________ during much of the

Triassic allowed for ___________ left after Permian mass extinction to ________ over the _____ (allowed for ____________ of organisms)

Mesozoic Era existed

spread

organisms

land

distribution

2. Jurassic: ___________ were _________________ species of __________ evolved

Mesozoic Era dinosaurs

largerdominantdinosaurs

Pangaea __________ throughout the period

Mesozoic Era breaks up

______ are thought to have ________ from __________

Archaeopteryx: wings & _________ like birds, but ______ & ______ like dinosaurs

Mesozoic Era Birds evolveddinosaurs feather

steeth claws

3. Cretaceous: dinosaurs still dominant; modern insect, ______ & mammal groups appearpine, __________, and fir ______ evolved

Mesozoic Era

birds

treessequoias

___________ plants (angiosperms) are still __________ todayincreased _________ activity

Mesozoic Era Flowering dominant

volcanic

___________ became ________ at the end; __________ environments

Mesozoic Era

Dinosaurs extinctchangin

g

The real reason Dinosaurs went extinct…

Dinosaur Extinction.wmv

Quick Write # 5

10. What happened to Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era?11. What happened at the end of this Era?

Cenozoic Era: 65 million years ago to the present

Early in Cenozoic ___________ were small, but _________ into many different _______ over the era, including _______ mammals

mammalsevolved

forms

larger

Times of ___________ building: Sierra Nevada, _________ & Andes Mountain ranges form

Cenozoic Era

mountainCascade

Periods of _______ climates and ____ _____: some ________ _______ towards the equator (warmer climates) and _______ became ________

____ still ___________ today

Cenozoic Era cooler ice ages

species

movedothers

extinct

Era

continues

Quick Write # 6

12. What happened during the Cenozoic era after mammals came on the seen?13. When did the Cenozoic era end?