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Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd 1
EARTHING
Lightning Power Surge Protection Total Solutions for Mission Critical
Facilities Infrastructure
Presented by,
Ng Jia Wen
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Lightning FactsLightning Facts
• Delivers 40,000A of current (some to 100,000A)• Transfers up to 90 Coulombs of charge• Packs 108 to 1010 Volts from cloud to ground• Generates temperatures as high as 50,000°F• Lightning speed approaches one third the speed of light • Travels as far as 40 miles• Can, and does, strike at the same place twice• Causes billions of dollars in property damage annually, many
times resulting in fire and total property loss
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Purposes Of GroundingPurposes Of Grounding
• Equipment & personal safety.• Equipment performance.
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
GROUNDING FOR SAFETYSAFETY
• Limit Voltages Due to:– Lightning– Line Surges– Contact With Higher Voltage Lines
• Stabilize Voltage to Ground• Facilitate OPD Operation During Fault
Ref. NEC Article 250
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
EFFECTIVE GROUNDINGEFFECTIVE GROUNDING
• Ground Path Must Be:– Permanent and Continuous– Ample Current Capacity– Low Impedance to Facilitate Operation of
Overcurrent Device During Ground Fault
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Electrical distribution
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
STRUCTURAL GROUNDINGSTRUCTURAL GROUNDING
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Lightning protection system for commercial/industrial installation
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Earthing Resistance Test ResultEarth Resistance TesterMake : Yokogawa (Model: 323S)Serial No. : 62RP0358DescriptionThis tester is a convenient test set to facilitate very easy, accurate measurements of earth resistance. Without a hand-driven generator, this instrument consists of a battery-operated silicon-transistorized DC-AC inverter, an AC potentiometer measuring dial and a galvanometer. Just push the pushbutton switch and move the dial so that the galvanometer shows balanced condition. Then, the resistance is directly read on the dial scale. A wide range of earth resistance of 0 to 1,000 can be measured by a single measuring dial without range changeover. Furthermore, earth voltage can also be measured on the galvanometer scale by positioning the selector.
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Front View – No. of Earth Pit
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Earthing Resistance Test ResultNo. Tested On: Earth Pit Measured Value (Ω)1. Point 1 0.502. Point 2 0.503. Point 3 0.404. Point 4 0.505. Point 5 0.506. Point 6 3.507. Point 7 0.308. Point 8 0.409. Point 9 0.1010. Point 10 0.1011. Point 11 0.1012. Point 12 0.1013. 415V MSB Earth(Power Earth) 0.10
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Yokogawa Earth Resistance Tester Earth Pit
Copper tape continuity is good MSB Earth Bar
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Recommendations
• To link Point 6 to Point 5 to achieve lower resistance value.
• Overall building earth, power earth and lightning rods are in healthy condition.
• To install Transient Voltage Surge Suppression (TVSS) protection for computer and office equipments according to the ANSI/IEEE standards.
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
SYSTEM GROUNDING RESISTANCESYSTEM GROUNDING RESISTANCE GROUND RESISTANCEGROUND RESISTANCE
NEC 25 OHMS SINGLE ELECTRODENEC 25 OHMS SINGLE ELECTRODE( RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS )( RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS )
1 - 5 OHMS SUITABLE FOR BUILDINGS 1 - 5 OHMS SUITABLE FOR BUILDINGS AND COMMERCIAL INSTALLATIONSAND COMMERCIAL INSTALLATIONS
< 1 OHM FOR INDUSTRIAL < 1 OHM FOR INDUSTRIAL SUBSTATIONSSUBSTATIONS
GROUNDING ELECTRODES SYSTEMSGROUNDING ELECTRODES SYSTEMS
METAL WATER PIPEMETAL WATER PIPE BUILDING STEELBUILDING STEEL DRIVREN RODSDRIVREN RODS
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
POWERING and GROUNDING POWERING and GROUNDING SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
EMERALD BOOKEMERALD BOOK RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED
TVSS TVSS STAGED PROTECTIONSTAGED PROTECTION
ATFATF
TELECOMUNICATION LINES PROTECTOR
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
EMERALD BOOKEMERALD BOOK RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED
TVSS TVSS STAGED PROTECTIONSTAGED PROTECTION
In addition to Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) installed in the service entrance equipment, it is recommended that additional SPDs of listed Categorgy B or Category A, as specified in IEEE Std C62.41, be applied to downstream electrical switchboards and panelboards, and panelboards on the secondary derived system if they support communications, ITE, signaling, or other form of electronic load equipment.
Copyright © 2008 Lightning Power Surge Protection Sdn Bhd
Thank You
For more informationPlease contact
Ng Jia [email protected]