16
7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon State University Overview What’s unique? Why is a Rapid needed… The Extreme Event Research Questions The Team / “The Fixer” Contact NSF… Trip Planning Team Logistics Equipment, tools, Software, Data Collection Procedures Health and Safety, Risks Contact NSF… Example Data Data Collection Reports and Published Data: Other potential applications Other hazards: recon Large‐scale testing https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2p082

Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    8

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

1

Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools

Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D.

Associate Professor, Oregon State University

Overview• What’s unique? Why is a Rapid needed…

• The Extreme Event• Research Questions• The Team / “The Fixer”• Contact NSF…

• Trip Planning• Team Logistics• Equipment, tools, Software, Data Collection Procedures• Health and Safety, Risks• Contact NSF…

• Example Data• Data Collection• Reports and Published Data:

• Other potential applications• Other hazards: recon• Large‐scale testing

https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2p082

Page 2: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

2

The Extreme Event: 2015 Gorkha Earthquake

EpicenterMay 12

EpicenterApril 25

Mt. Everest

Kathmandu

Mainshock on April 25, 2015 with magnitude  7.8 

Shallow earthquake, with a focal depth of 8.2 km

Epicenter was in Lamjung, Gorkha district, 75 km northwest of Kathmandu

Mainshock followed by 400 aftershocks of 4.0 Mw, including a 7.3 Mw east of Kathmandu (May 12)

Measured peak ground accelerations (PGA)

in the E‐W: ~ 0.26g; in the N‐S ~ 0.16g

Caused more than 9,000 fatalities, almost 25,000 injuries and damaged beyond repair over 500,000 buildings

Most of the damage was on poorly engineered unreinforced masonry buildings. 

Approximately 25 per cent of the building stock consisted of reinforced concrete (RC) frames infilled with masonry walls. 

30 Miles

Research Questions

1. Post‐earthquake assessment of existing RC building frames with masonry infill. Thisstructural system was widely used in the 1920s and 1930s in California as well as inthe Pacific Northwest; hence, understanding the damage to this structural systemfrom the Nepal earthquake has direct implications for the seismic performance of alarge number of buildings in metropolitan areas in the United States.

2. Quantitative damage measurements performed using 3D, ground‐based lidar (GBL)scans, UAS Structure fromMotion (SfM).

NSF RAPID

Additional work / Initial WishlistA. Dynamic system identification of RC infilled buildings

a) Non‐engineered buildings (with and without damage)b) Well designed buildings (with and without damage)c) Identification of frequency of infill walls (with and without damage)

B. Damage assessment of urban/rural areas using visual damage assessments (rapid anddetailed)

C. Inform local agencies in Nepal on suggested rebuilding and recovery guidelines.

Page 3: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

3

The Team / The Fixer Oregon State Univ. : Andre Barbosa, Michael Olsen, Dr. Dan Gillins, 

Rajendra Soti, Patrick Burns, Matt Gillins

U. Buffalo:  Andreas Stavridis, Supratik Bose

NSET:  Surya Shrestha, Ramesh Guragain, Dev Maharjan

PEER:  Stephen Mahin, Grace Kang, Matthew Schoettler

U. Porto:  Humberto Varum, Antonio Arede, Hugo Rodrigues, 

Nelson Vila Pouca, Andre Furtado, Joao Oliveira

U. Chieti‐Pescara:  Enrico Spacone, Giuseppe Brando, Davide Rapone

U. Roma‐Sapienza:  Rosario Gigliotti, Marco Faggella

U. Nebraska:  Richard Wood

Tufts U.:  Babak Moaveni

Trip Planning

30 Miles

Epicenter12 May

Epicenter25 April

Mt. Everest

Nuwakot

Charikot

Barabise

Chautara

Kathmandu

Bhaktapur

Piskar

Manakamana

Towns and areas to be visitedAdditional towns and areas visited

• Information about the existing field situation• Main objectives/goals/focus for each group• Research opportunities to gather, analyze 

and synthesize field data • Areas of interest • Pre‐departure checklists, authorizations, and 

procedures o Examples: EERI, Masonry Society, GEERo Travel information: Health, Visa, 

embassy letterso Liability release forms o Practical/sharable data collection and 

uploading  Google Drive? Others? Forms: ATC‐20, NSET, Others?

• Contact information about on‐site people as resources, as well as other earthquake recon teams 

• Travel dates

Page 4: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

4

Trip Planning

• Travel information pre‐trip checklist, authorizations, and procedures o Logistics:

Base camp Equipment / Work room / Debrief room

Transportation of people, food, water, and equipment (Rentals, Drivers, Licenses, Safety) Payment methods (Cash only? Credit cards? Contingencies?)

o Equipment: List of Equipment, Special Needs, Authorizations, Carnet

o Travel information:  Weather Food/water safety Disaster Preparedness Supplies Avoiding Illness Information about the existing field situation

o Health CDC (Center Disease and Control)o Check with your university Risk Consultant on

Risk management plan and travel insurance  Risk mitigation plans, including training on: communication plan, knowing what to do in the 

event of an earthquake, plans for shelter, develop plans to avoid food/water contamination, etc.

Trip Planning

Page 5: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

5

RC structures with infills

Three (3) tall buildings

Six (6) school buildings

Two (2) hospitals

25 residential buildings

Two (2) Historic Centers

Bungamati and Bhaktapur

Seven (7) Urban and Rural Areas

Kathmandu – Gongabu, Sitapaila

Sindhupalchowk – Chautara, Barabise, Charikot, Piskar

Ghorkha – Manakamana

Three (3) historical URM structures

Landslides and liquefaction

Full list available at: http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~barbosa/NEPAL/earthquake‐reconnaissance/list_of_assessed_structures.htm

Forms:

ATC‐20 Rapid Evaluations

ATC‐20 Detailed Evaluations

Non‐destructive Testing

Schmidt Hammer Testing

Rebar Scanner

Ultrasonic testing

Ground‐based Lidar (laser scanning)

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

StructuresType of Assessment

Team Effort

GBL and Ambient‐vibration Testing at the Building Structure Scale 

10

Page 6: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

6

18‐story RC Building, Katmandu

11

18‐story Building: Cityscape #1

• 18‐story building, located in Kathmandu, Nepal.

• Extensive non‐structural and moderate structural damage.

12

Page 7: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

7

Observed damage• Mostly infill walls

• Some beam‐column joint cracks

13

Data Collection• Ambient vibration using wired accelerometers

• LIDAR on the outside and inside of the structure

14

Laptop

Portable DAQ

Accelerometer

Page 8: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

8

FE model vs System ID Correlation

• The first three natural frequencies are very closely spaced

15

Frequency [Hz] Mode1 Mode2 Mode3

FE Model 0.64 0.72 0.85

System ID 0.61 0.67 0.73

FE model of Cityscape #1 building in SAP2000

Response Prediction

• Linear time history analysis for mainshock (M7.8) and aftershock (M7.3) 

• Inter‐story drift ratios of the different stories

16

Light Damage Moderate Damage

Sto

ry

Peak inter-story drift (%)

6th story

3rd story

9th story

Page 9: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

9

4‐story RC School Building, Shanku

17

• 4‐story RC frame building with masonry infill walls 

• Damaged during 2015 Gorkha EQ

• Visited by authors in 2015 

• Collected post‐EQ ambient vibration and laser scan data

School Building, Sankhu

Sankhu

Page 10: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

10

Damage Quantification

FEM Modeling Results

20

Frequencies (Hz)

System ID

Initial Model

Mode1 1.19 1.30

Mode2 2.16 2.69

Mode3 3.16 3.39

SystemID

InitialModel

DeterministicModel

Updating

BayesianModel

Updating

Frequencies(Hz)

Mode1 1.19 1.30 1.19 1.20

Mode2 2.16 2.69 2.17 2.16

Mode3 3.16 3.39 3.15 3.14

MACValues

Mode1 ‐ 0.99 0.99 0.99

Mode2 ‐ 0.89 0.99 0.99

Mode3 ‐ 0.91 0.98 0.98

» Calibrated models from both approaches match data accurately

» Crossing of the closely spaced modes made mode‐pairing challenging in the updating process

Page 11: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

11

Use of GBL and UAS at the Urban Scale

21

Bungamati

Page 12: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

12

Bungamati: Flight Plan

~ 1600 High‐Definition Aerial Photos of Bungamati, Nepal

Page 13: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

13

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey7jADUWrFk&feature=youtu.be

Bhaktapur

VIDEOVIDEO

Page 14: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

14

Reports and Data1. Akhlaghi, M., Bose, S., Moaveni, B., Stavridis, A. (2018). "Bayesian model updating of a damaged school building in Sankhu, Nepal." Proc. of 36th International Modal Analysis 

Conference (IMAC‐XXXVI), Orlando, Florida, USA.2. Barbosa, A.R., Fahnestock, L.A., Fick, D.R., Gautam, D., Soti, R., Wood, R., Moaveni, B., Stavridis, A., Olsen, M.J., and Rodrigues, H., (2017). “Performance of Medium‐to‐High Rise 

Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings with Masonry Infill in the 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra. Earthquake Spectra: December 2017, Vol. 33, No. S1, pp. S197‐S218. https://doi.org/10.1193/051017EQS087M

3. Bose S., A. Nozari, A. Stavridis, B. Moaveni. "Nonlinear modeling of the seismic performance of a building at Sankhu Nepal during the 2015 Nepal Earthquake," Proc. 16th World Conference in Earthquake Engineering, 2017.

4. Bose S., A. Nozari, M.E. Mohammadi, A. Stavridis, B. Moaveni, R. Wood, D. Gillins, A. Barbosa. "Structural assessment of a school building in Sankhu, Nepal damaged due to torsional response during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake," IMAC XXXIV Dynamics of Structures, v.2, 2016, p. 31. doi:10.1007/978‐3‐319‐29751‐4_5

5. Bose S., A. Nozari, M.E. Mohammadi, A. Stavridis, B. Moaveni, R. Wood, D. Gillins, A. Barbosa.. "Structural assessment of a school building in Sankhu, Nepal damaged due to torsional response during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake," IMAC XXXIV ‐Engineering Nonlinearities in Structural Dynamics, 2016.

6. Brando G., D. Rapone, E. Spacone, A. Barbosa, M. Olsen, D. Gillins, R. Soti, H. Varum, A. Arede, N. Vila‐Pouca, A. Furtado, J. Oliveira, H. Rodrigues, A. Stavridis, S. Bose, M. Fagella, R. Gigliotti, R. Wood.. "Reconnaissance report on the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake effects in Nepal.," Anidis Conference, 2015.

7. Brando G., D. Rapone, E. Spacone, A. Barbosa, M. Olsen, D. Gillins, R. Soti, H. Varum, A. Arede, N. Vila‐Pouca, A. Furtado, J. Oliveira, H. Rodrigues, A. Stavridis, S. Bose, M. Fagella, R. Gigliotti, R. Wood.. "Reconnaissance report on the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake effects in Nepal," XVI Convegno Anidis, 2015.

8. Brando, G., Rapone, D., Spacone, E., O’Banion, M.S., Olsen, M.J., Barbosa, A.R., Faggella, M., Gigliotti, R., Liberatore, D., Russo, S., Sorrentino, L., Bose, S., Stravidis, A. (2017). “Damage Reconnaissance of Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra. Vol. 33, No. S1, pp. S243‐S273. https://doi.org/10.1193/010817EQS009M

9. Nozari, A., S. Bose, B. Moaveni, a. Stavridis. "Finite element model updating and damage identification of a school building in Sankhu Nepal," Proc. 16th World Conference in Earthquake Engineering, 2017.

10. Rodrigues, H., Furtado, A., Vila‐Pouca, N., Varum, H., Barbosa, A.R. (2018).  “Seismic Assessment of a School Building in Nepal and Analysis of Retrofitting Solutions.” International Journal of Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999‐018‐0297‐9

11. Varum H., A. Barbosa, A. Arede, A. Vila‐Pouca, H. Rodrigues, A.F. Furtado, J. Dias‐Oliveira, G. Brando, D. Rapone, E. Spacone, M. Olsen, D. Gillins, R. Soti, A. Stavridis, S. Bose, M. Fagella, R. Gigliotti, R. Wood.. "April 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal: field observations," 10th Congresso Nacional de Sismologia e Engenharia Sismica, 2016.

12. Varum H., A. Barbosa, A. Arede, A. Vila‐Pouca, H. Rodrigues, A.F. Furtado, J. Dias‐Oliveira, G. Brando, D. Rapone, E. Spacone, M. Olsen, D. Gillins, R. Soti, A. Stavridis, S. Bose, M. Fagella, R. Gigliotti, R. Wood.. "April 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal: field observations," 10th Congresso Nacional de Sismologia e Engenharia Sismica, 2016.

13. Wood, R.L., Mohammadi, M.E., Barbosa, A.R., Soti, R., Abdulrahman, L., Kawan, C.K., Shakya, M., Olsen, M.J. (2017). “Damage Assessment and Modeling of the Five Tiered Pagoda Style Nyatapola Temple." Earthquake Spectra. Vol. 33, No. S1, pp. S377‐S384. https://doi.org/10.1193/121516EQS235M

14. Yu H., A. Levine, M. Mohammed, T. van Oss, B. Moaveni, A.R. Barbosa, A. Stavridis. "System Identification and modeling of an 18‐story building in Nepal using post‐earthquake ambient vibration data," 16th World conference on earthquake Engineering., 2017.

15. Yu H., Mohammed M.A., MohammadiM.E., Moaveni B., Barbosa A.R., Stavridis A. and Wood R.L.. "Structural identification of an 18‐story RC building in Nepal using post‐earthquake ambient vibration data.," Front. Built Environ., v.3, 2017. doi:10.3389/fbuil.2017.00011

DesignSafe: https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2p082

Additional thoughts:Structural Geotechnical

Structural deformations\displacements\ deflections\rotations

Shear and other crack analysis (orientation, location, distribution, width (larger cracks), etc.)

Bridge collapse analysis Spalled concrete quantification Concrete wall blow‐out/in 

failure analysis Permanent soil structure 

impacts

Liquefaction\Lateral spreading Landslide\slope stability Coastal erosion Settlement Scour (depth distribution and 

volume) Surface rupture Quay, retaining & sea wall failures Topographic analysis Sediment accretion Subsidence Geomorphic change detection

Page 15: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

15

Structural Engineering: Example Applications

29

Acknowledgements

National Science Foundation Grant Number CMMI‐1545632 and 1545595 

“RAPID/Collaborative Research: Post‐Disaster, Reinforced Concrete Building 

Performance Data Collection following the April 25, 2015 Nepal Earthquake”

Kearney Faculty Scholar Endowment

Cascadia Lifelines Program

Dr. Manjip Shakya, Dr. Ganesh Ram Nhamafuki, Dr. Hemchandra Chaulagain, 

Principal Chandra Kiran, Principal Sujan Maun, Sharoo Shrestha

Several building owners in Nepal that prefer to remain anonymous

Leica Geosystems and David Evans and Associates provided the Oregon State 

University laser scanning equipment and software used for this project

Page 16: Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance …...7/10/2018 1 Earthquake and Structural Damage Reconnaissance with Advanced Tools Andre R. Barbosa, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Oregon

7/10/2018

16