Yasmina Pardo González 1º Yasmina Pardo González 1º

Baccalaureate Baccalaureate

*INDEX* What are earthquakes?

Richter’s scale & measuring earthquakes

Seismic waves

Effects of earthquakes

What information can give us the Earthquakes?

Earthquakes in the world

Lorca’s Earthquake

Fukushima’s Earthquake

What are earthquakes?

Eartquakes are ground vibrations caused by Eartquakes are ground vibrations caused by the abrupt release of energy.the abrupt release of energy.

Richter’s scale & measuring earthquakes

Earthquakes are recorded by a

"Seismograph“ it draws graphs called

“Seismograms” and represents the

propagating waves..

MagnitudeMagnitude EfectsEfects

3.5 or less3.5 or less Don’t feelDon’t feel

3.5 – 5.43.5 – 5.4 Cause minor Cause minor damagedamage

5.5 – 6.05.5 – 6.0 Causing damage to Causing damage to buildingsbuildings

6.1 – 6.96.1 – 6.9 Cause several Cause several damagesdamages

7.0 – 7.97.0 – 7.9 Cause serious Cause serious damagesdamages

8 or more8 or more Total destructionTotal destruction

The Richter’s scale is a scale that

designs a number to earthquakes

for quantify the energy released.

Seismic waves are waves that moves into the ground and destroys the lithosphere. Exist three types of seismic waves, they are:

P waves: they are longitudinal waves, they go through all types of materials, do not very dangerous

S waves: they are transverse waves, they go through liquid materials, they are a bit dangerous

Superficial waves: they are most dangerousthere is two types:- Rayleigh waves (R)- Love waves (L)http://www.ua.es/ursua/ondas.hthttp://www.ua.es/ursua/ondas.ht

mm

Efects of earthquakes

Some efects that causean earthquake are:

Destruction of homes

Destruction of infrastructure (roads, bridges ...)

Soil damage

Landslides

Tsunamis

Can occur aftershocks from the earthquake

What information can give us the earthquakes?

Wave speed fluctuates, the changes in wave’s velocity are called discontinuities

Speed depends on the composition of materials, and the physical condition of these materials

Discontinuities are used to Discontinuities are used to  differentiate the layers in  differentiate the layers in which Earth is divided.which Earth is divided.

Earthquakes in the World

COUNTRY DATE MAGNITUDE

Chile 22/05/1960 9.5

Alaska 28/03/1964 9.2

Rusia 04/11/1952 9.0

Indonesia 28/12/2004 9.0

Chile 27/02/2010 8.8

Ecuador 31/01/1906 8.8

Alaska 09/03/1957 8.8

Kuriles islands 06/11/1958 8.7

Alaska 04/02/1965 8.7

Chile 11/11/1922 8.5

Lorca’s EarthquakeIt was happened 11th may 2011, Lorca, Murcia (Spain). It had a magnitude of 5.1 degrees.

The earthquake was also felt in the provinces of Almería, Albacete, Granada, Jaén, Málaga, Alicante, Ciudad Real and places of Madrid. Multiple aftershocks occurred later.The Region of Murcia, is the most active seismic zone of Spain

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvn148YDQmc&feature=relatev=zvn148YDQmc&feature=related d

Fukushima’s EarthquakeAn earthquake shook Fukushima in 11th March 2011. It caused a tsunami. As a result of the earthquake and tsunami, there was an explosion in nuclear reactors..http://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2011/terremoto-japon/terremoto_tsunami.html

LINKSLINKS http://www.lpi.tel.uva.es/~nacho/docencia/http://www.lpi.tel.uva.es/~nacho/docencia/ing_onding_ond

_1/trabajos_06_07/io3/_1/trabajos_06_07/io3/public_htmlpublic_html/Ondas//Ondas/Ondas.htmlOndas.html http://www.ua.es/ursua/ondas.htmhttp://www.ua.es/ursua/ondas.htm Biology & geology’s bookBiology & geology’s book http://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2011/terremoto-japon/http://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2011/terremoto-japon/

terremoto_tsunami.htmlterremoto_tsunami.html Imágenes:Imágenes: http://www.google.es/imghp?hl=es&tab=iihttp://www.google.es/imghp?hl=es&tab=ii www.youtube.comwww.youtube.com