EARTHQUAKES&

VOLCANOES

REVIEW

Which seismic waves are the

fastest?

P waves

Which seismic waves are the first

to be recorded?

P waves

Which seismic waves are the second to be recorded?

S waves

Which seismic waves can only travel through

solids?

S waves

Which seismic waves are the

slowest?

L waves

Which seismic waves travel on

the surface?

L waves

What is the boundary between the crust and the mantle due to the change of speed of

seismic waves?

Moho

What are the areas called where

neither S nor P waves can be

detected?

Shadow zones

What is the theory that says energy builds up on each side of a fault and

the rocks move slowly and then

spring back to their original shape?

Elastic rebound theory

What are small tremors that occur

after the first release of energy?

aftershocks

What is the area where the slippage first occurs inside

the earth?

focus

What is the point on earth’s surface directly above the

focus?

epicenter

What are the three classifications of foci?

Shallow, intermediate, and deep

What are the three major earthquake zones?

1. Pacific Ring of Fire2. Mid-ocean ridges3. Eurasian –

Mediterranean mt. belt

What is the name of the fault in California

where the Pacific plate and North

American plate slide past each other?

San Andreas Fault

(technically it’s the N. American plate and the

Juan de Fuca plate)

What is the device used to record earthquakes?

Seismograph

How many stations are needed to

locate an earthquake?

three

Which scale measures the

magnitude or the amount of energy released from an

earthquake?

Richter Scale

What are the numbers for the Richter scale?

Arabic Numerals

They begin a 1-2 and it is an open-ended scale, based on the

seismograph’s reading.

Which scale measures the intensity or

amount of damage from an

earthquake?

Mercalli

What are the numbers for the Mercalli Scale?

Roman numerals

What can be generated from an earthquake with an

epicenter on the ocean floor?

Tsunami

What is the molten rock beneath

earth’s surface called?

magma

What is molten rock on earth’s surface called?

lava

What is it called when one plate moves under

another plate and forms volcanic

mountains?

subduction

What is it called when plates move apart and magma rises to form new

ocean floor?

Sea-floor spreading

What are areas of volcanic activity

within a plate (not on a boundary)

called?

Intraplate volcanism(aka hot spot)

What is the lava that comes from quiet eruptions

called?

Mafic(aka basaltic lava)

What is the lava that comes from

explosive eruptions called?

Felsic Lava(aka rhyolytic lava)

What is mafic (basaltic) lava that

looks ropey and wrinkled when it is

hardened?

pahoehoe

What is mafic (basaltic) lava that

is sharp and jagged when it

hardens?

aa

What is the volcanic cone that has gently sloping sides from quiet

explosions?

Shield Cone Volcano

What is the volcanic cone that

has steep sides from explosive

eruptions?

Cinder cone

What is the volcanic cone that is a combination of quiet and explosive

layers?

Composite Cone(aka stratocone)

What is a funnel shaped pit at the top of a vent that formed when a

volcano exploded?

crater

What is formed when a volcanic cone collapses when emptied,

leaving behind a large basin that

can fill with water?

caldera

The name of a volcanic fragment is determined by

what?

The name of a volcanic fragment is determined by

what?

Size of the particle

What is the general name for rock

fragments that are ejected from a

volcano?

tephra

What are the two smallest types of

tephra?

Dust and ash

What are clots of lava that spin into the air and cool to

make a spindle shape?

Volcanic Bombs

What is the name of the largest

volcano – on Mars?

Olympus Mons

What is the name of Jupiter’s moon that has the most active

volcanoes?

Io

This concludes today’s fun.Please put

everything away and let’s begin

the test!!!