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The Water Cycle
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Human Uses
Human Waste
Groundwater
Runoff
Transpiration
The Carbon Cycle
Gas Exchange
PhotosynthesisPollution
Gas Exchange
Decomposition
Burning Fossil FuelsAnimal Waste
Fossilization
Carbon Fixation
Gas Exchange
• CO2 exchanges between water and the atmosphere– dissolves from the atmosphere into
water (the hydrosphere)– rises out of water into the atmosphere
Animal Waste
• Carbon compounds are released through solid waste into land and water (the lithosphere and hydrosphere)
Fossilization
• When plants and animals die, the carbon in their bodies may be turned into fossil fuels– Under the right heat and pressure
Burning Fossil Fuels
• We can burn these fossils and use the energy from them as fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas)– CO2 is released when they are burnt
The Nitrogen Cycle
Runoff
Nitrogen Fixation
Animal Use
Burning Fossil Fuels
Plant Use
Waste
De-nitrification
Nitrogen Fixation
• Lightning and bacteria put atmospheric nitrogen into the lithosphere and hydrosphere (NO3 and NH3)
Plant Use
• Plants use nitrogen to make amino acids (the building blocks of proteins!)– From the atmosphere to the biosphere
Animal Use
• Animals break apart the plant proteins and use the amino acids to build their own proteins– Stays in the biosphere
Waste
• Decomposers break down animals and plant matter into nitrogen for the soil (lithosphere and biosphere)
De-nitrification
• Decomposers turn nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas (lithosphere to atmosphere)
Burning Fossil Fuels
• Nitrogen enters the atmosphere as pollution from our factories– Lithosphere to atmosphere
Question 1:
Explain how the Earth’s 4 spheres are connected
through the water, carbon, and nitrogen
cycles.
Analysis: Yosemite National Park was my grandfather’s favorite place on earth. When he died, we spread some of his ashes there. Draw and label the path of a CARBON atom from Ms. Macway’s Grandpa’s remains to where it could become part of a hawk. Note: A hawk is a carnivore, but it did NOT dig up and consume my Grandpa’s remains!!!