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EARTH’S INTERIOR
Earth’s InteriorEarth is not a solid ball of rock!
•Earth has 3 distinct layers:
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Core
How are earth’s layers similar to an egg?
Let’s see…
Earth’s LayersHow are earth’s layers similar to an egg?
Shell White YolkCrust Mantle Core
Earth’s CrustWe live on Earth’s crust.
• The crust is the outer layer and it is made of solid rock.
• Earth’s crust is very thin compared to the other layers (only 5-70 km thick)
If Earth were the size of a chicken’s egg, the crust would be thinner than the egg’s shell.
Types of Crust• 2 types of crust:
Continental-crust that forms continents•light & buoyant•made of granite•coarse texture
Oceanic-crust beneath the ocean•dense & heavy•made of basalt•fine texture, dark color
Types of Crust• 2 types of crust:
Continental-crust that forms continents•light & buoyant•made of granite•coarse texture
Oceanic-crust beneath the ocean•dense & heavy•made of basalt•fine texture, dark color
Earth’s Mantle• Mantle-thick layer of rock between crust and core.
The mantle is very hot!Because it is so hot much of the mantle is soft, like melted candy. The rock from the mantle sometimes
comes to the surface as lava through volcanoes.
Since no one has ever been to the mantle or the core, how do scientists know what it’s like?
Parts of Earth’s Mantle
Asthenosphere- Lithosphere sits on top of a hot, softened layer of mantle.
Lower Mantle-The lowest layer of the mantle is solid. Lower Mantle
Upper Mantle
Upper Mantle-a thin layer of solid mantle under the crust.
Lithosphere-the crust & solid upper mantle together
Whoa, what?
REVIEW:
Flashback lesson
What is Wind?
SEA BREEZE
LAND BREEZE
Non-Rotating Earth Model
Basic Convection
Convecting Mantle
Core
Mantle
Hot
ColdCold
Convection currents carry hot mantle towards the surface while colder material sinks back into the interior.
What Drives the Plates?
The Earth is warmest at the center and cooler
farther out.
An unstable situation: warm material wants to
rise towards the surface!
Convecting Mantle
Haiti EarthquakeJan. 12, 2010Magnitude 7
Tectonic Plates• Earth’s lithosphere is broken into about 17 pieces
• These plates ride on top of the asthenosphere
Tectonic plates move from the mantle’s convection currents.
Chile EarthquakeFeb. 26, 2010Magnitude 8.8
Japan EarthquakeMarch 11, 2011Magnitude 8.9
• The core is the center layer of the Earth.
• It is the hottest layer and can be divided into 2 parts:
Earth’s Core
1. Inner core-solid iron & nickel
2. Outer core- molten (liquid) iron & nickel
Earth has 3 layers:– Crust-thinnest layer
• Continental crust-granite• Oceanic crust-basalt
– Mantle 4 parts:
• Lithosphere- rock of the crust and upper mantle• Asthenosphere-“plasticity” “molten”• Lower Mantle-solid
– Core 2 parts, made of iron & nickel (metals)• Outer Core-liquid• Inner core-solid
Summary
Upper Mantle, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Lower Mantle
Crust, Mantle & Core
Label the layers of the Earth:
Asthenoshpere
Continental crust
Crust
Inner Core
Lithosphere
Mantle
Oceanic crust
Outer Core
Answer KeyA. Inner Core
B. Outer Core
C. Mantle
D. Crust
E. Asthenoshpere
F. Oceanic crust
G. Continental crust
H. Lithosphere
Let’s Play
Just beneath the crust
Crust + Solid Upper Mantle
Solid iron & nickel
Thinnest layer
Just under the mantle
Molten “plastic”
Melted iron & nickel
Very center of Earth
Outermost layer
Tectonic plates ride on top
Solid granite
Earth’s ________ is divided into sections.
lithosphere
These sections are known as …