East AfricaChapter 16

Lesson 1 Guiding Question

• What features help define Ethiopia’s culture?

Ethiopia’s History

• Ethiopia’s history written down by monks– Lived in

monasteries– Wrote in a

language called Geez

– Studied Christianity

Christianity in Ethiopia

• Came through trade along Nile River and Red Sea– Missionaries from

Egypt

• Egyptian Christians split from rest of Christian Church– Formed Coptic

Christian Church– Took hold in

Ethiopia as well

Limited Contact

• Not much contact with Christians in other parts of the world– Mountains

surround Ethiopia– Muslim Arabs did

not allow travel along Nile River

Muslim Arabs Take Control

• Built cities along Red Sea– Controlled all trade

in North Africa– Took over coastal

regions– Ethiopian Christians

moved further inland– Surrounded by

Muslim Arabs• Even less contact with

other Christians

A Unique Christianity

• Churches of Lalibela– Capital city of

Ethiopia for 300 years

– Eleven churches built• Cut out of solid rock• Built below the ground

• Ethiopia’s religion today– 35% Christians– 45% Muslims

Contrasts in Daily Life

• Life in the countryside– 10% of population– Hard to find electricity

and running water– Own more donkeys

than cars

• Life in the cities– Addis Ababa is the

capital city• Almost 3 million people

– Running water, electricity, modern hospitals, a university, and a museum

Lesson 1 Guiding Question

• What features help define Ethiopia’s culture?

– Ethiopia’s culture is greatly influenced by Christianity, Islam, and the country’s combination of

urban and rural lifestyles.

• ASSIGNMENT!!!

Lesson 2 Guiding Question

• How have historical events affected the culture of Tanzania?

Tanzania’s History

• On the Indian Ocean– Center of trade

• Ruled by:– Arabs– Germans– British

• Became independent in 1961– Joined with Zanzibar

to form Tanzania

Problems With Independence

• First president, Julius Nyerere, faced many challenges– Many ethnic groups

• Lingua franca– Swahili

– New political system• One-party system

– Economy• Hard work would end

poverty• Did not want to

depend on other countries

Ujamaa

• “Togetherness” in Swahili– Farmers work

together in villages and share resources•Produce more

crops•Provide

education

Nyerere Retires

• 1985

• Tanzania changed greatly– National language– Very little ethnic

conflict– Education had

improved• More people could

read and write

Progress and Continued Reform

• Ujamaa program failed– Changed to allow

farmers to use new methods to produce cash crops

• Economy was failing– Privatization

• Sale of government-owned industries to private companies– Run telephone companies

and airline industries

• Changed one-party system in 1992– Now a multi-party

system

Lesson 2 Guiding Question

• How have historical events affected the culture of Tanzania?

– Tanzania’s history of colonialism and reforms since independence have greatly affected the culture, economics, language, and politics

of the country.

• ASSIGNMENT!!!