East and Southern Africa Flagship

Site SelectionMohammed Said and KCP Rao

Workshop21st – 23rd October, 2014

ILRI - Addis, Ethiopia

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Resilience areasLand pressure, increasing human population, diminishing access to resources, weak policy

frameworks, under developed/lack of markets, low livestock productivity

Increased vulnerability to shocks such as drought, price increases and conflict

Response Develop enabling policies

Develop resilience enhancing mechanisms

Intensification areasHigh population densities, small plot sizes, low soil fertility, labour constraints, heterogeneity of land

pressure and farmer preferences

Opportunities for intensification of agriculture exist, technologies need to respond to markets, IPs and

value chain enhancement are key

Agricultural intensification can substantially contribute to reduce household and increase food security

4

East and Southern Africa Flagship Action Sites

There is a need to have common areas where ‘integrated’ activities will be undertaken following systems approach

Representative areas from where up-scaling will be possible are preferred

Existing information (characterization) is coarse to be useful to identify such areas

Criteria needed to identify such areas

“Intervention” sites selection

Basic criteria identified (some to be done in parallel with some activities): also helps to stratify and facilitate targeting

resilience and intensification objectives

- Land use/cover – as detailed as possible

- Climate (temperature [min, max, mean], RF [annual, variability]

- Length of growing period- Elevation- Human population density- Livestock density- Crop density- Average farm size

- Settlements, towns, market centers

- Road network, infrastructure

- Water storage areas- Irrigation potential- Soil types, soil health- Rangeland, rangeland

health- Poverty index

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7

Participatory mapping and problem analysis

(millet and sorghum)

(maize, groundnut, legume)

Crop-livestock farming

Livestock dominated

Fish

Crop dominatedCrop

-live

stock

farm

ing

<700

9

LGP30 - 6060 - 9090 - 120120 - 150150 - 180180 - 210210 - 240240 - 270270 - 300

400 0 400 800 Kilometers

N

Crop dominated subsystem. This is a predominant subsystem in the CT area-wise, mostly located on the northern side of the Zambezi River, covering most of the districts that receive rainfall of more than 800 mm.yr-1, with a growing period ranging from 140 to 160 days.

Farmers produce maize and cassava as major crops intercropped with beans and other legumes. Other important crops in this system include groundnut and pigeon pea. Fish is an important source of protein in many areas.

Crop-Livestock subsystem. This is predominant in dry, semiarid environments where sorghum and millet are produced accompanied by pigeon pea and potato. Livestock, particularly goats and cattle, are an integral part of this system and serve as means to overcome drought years.

Drought is a common phenomenon, with frequent end-of-season droughts. The system has high potential for production of fruits, which could be expanded to wider region.

This system includes the semiarid districts of Makanga and Moatize in Tete Province, Katete in the eastern province of Zambia and Mwanza and Chewu districts of Malawi

Livestock-dominated subsystem. This subsystem represents the driest and hottest part of the triangle with rainfall below 300 mm.yr-1 and is characterized by high evapotranspiration. It is predominantly covered by savannah grasses and desert bushes.

Some sorghum and millet are grown, but livestock dominates the livelihood strategy. It is widely practiced in the lower basin of the Zambezi, particularly in the wider Tete Province, including the Changara, and Cahora Bassa districts. Some pockets of Malawi and Zambia also share this subsystem.

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Chama

Angonia

Lundazi

Chipata

Petauke

Katete

Chadiza

Tsangano

MoatizeZumbo

Mutarara

Changa

ra

Chora-Bassa

Magoe

MaraviaChiuta

Chifunde Macanga

Cons

trai

nts/

pote

ntial

/opp

ortu

nitie

s

‘map

ping

’ usin

g ‘g

uida

nce

map

s’

ICRISAT

CIAT

CIATCIP

ICRAFBioversity

CIATCIP

Mich

inji

CIP

Dedza

Ntcheu

Chikwaw

a

Nsanje

Tholo

Zomba Chiradzulu

Mulanje

Machinga

Common Action Site in the Chinyanja Triangle

Land cover

East Africa

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CRP1.1 / Dryland Systems focuses on two agro-ecosystems

1. Reducing vulnerability 2. Sustainable intensification

Length of Growing Period 1st Season 2nd Season

Data Source: ILRI, Vrieling et al. 2012

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1st Growing Season Start season End season

Data Source: ILRI, Vrieling et al. 2012

Data Source: ILRI, Vrieling et al. 2012

2nd Growing Season Start season End season

Mapping exercise

Ethiopia

Sites in Ethiopia

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Gradient – environmental + livelihood

21

LGP30 - 6060 - 9090 - 120120 - 150150 - 180180 - 210210 - 240240 - 270270 - 300

500 0 500 1000 Kilometers

N

22

CCAFS, ILRI – carbon project, IBLI

and governance

Gradient – environmental, livelihood + policy

23

# Action SiteTotal

Population

Rural Population Field Site Action site

CoordinatorOrganizat

ion

3

Borana, Somalia; Afar states in Ethiopia; and Marsabit, Garissa, Wajir, and Isiolo districts in Kenya

8 m ? 1-Yabello, 2-Marsabit Mohammed Said

ILRI

4Southern Kenya/Northern Tanzania border

4 m ? 1-Mara, 2-Amboseli, 3-Tarangire Mohammed

SaidILRI

5

Chinyanja Triangle (central and southern Malawi, eastern province of Zambia, and Tete Province in Mozambique)

15 m ?1-Changara,2-Moatize,3-Makanga, 4-Deza, 5-Chipata, 6-Dedza

Paul Demo CIP-SSA

6 Ethiopian Highlands 13 m ?1-Hawassa Zuria, 2-Hawassa town, 3-Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha, 4-Boset, 5-Zeway Dugda

KPC Rao ICRISAT

7 Shinyanga and Babati gradient (Tanzania) 4.5 m ? 1-Shinyanga Amede Tilah

unICRISAT