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East Asia terms
Silk RoadThe primary trade route between China
and the west from 2nd century BC until 16th Century AD
Known as the most enduring trade route in human history.
Silk RoadVery seldom did people travel the entire route. Merchants mostly
traveled from one segment, trading with other merchants who would then
travel the next segment.
Silk RoadNot only were luxury goods traded, such as
silk, gold, silver, ivory, horses, and wool, but also ideas and information, such as
new religions
Dynasty
a ruling family that
passes control from
one generation to the next
China’s DynastiesFrom at least
1766BC to this century, China was ruled by dynasties. One dynasty lasted
more than 800 years, while another
lasted only fifteen years.
China’s DynastiesHsia - 2200-1766BC Most historians believed the Hsia to be a mythical dynasty, but recent archaeological findings have verified their existence.
Shang - 1766- 1040BC a highly developed culture - a writing system still in use today - an agricultural economy - and armies of thousands whose commanders rode in chariots.
Chou - 1040BC- 256BC The semi-nomadic Chou people from northwestern China overthrew the Shang king. The Chou court developed a feudal society in China.
Ch’in - 221BC-206BC Chinese writing systems were unified. Chinese defenses were strengthened by creating the Great Wall.
China’s DynastiesHan - 206BC-AD220 The Han Dynasty is often compared to the Roman Empire. It is considered the "Golden Age of Chinese History.”
Tang - 960-1279 The largest, wealthiest, and most populous in the world at that time. The Tang based their laws on based on Confucian thought.
Song - 1279-1368 The Song Dynasty continued the flowering of Chinese culture.
Yuan (Mongol) - 1279-1368 Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty after his Mongol tribes defeated China. The Yuan encouraged Europeans to travel overland to China; Marco Polo was the most famous of the early Europeans to make the journey.
Ming - 1368-1644 Founded by a Buddhist monk who led a peasant army to victory over the Mongols.
Qing (Manchu) - 1644-1911 Founded by conquerors from Manchuria in 1644, the Qing was the last imperial dynasty of China. When it was overthrown in 1911, China became a republic.
Confucianism
A Chinese philosophy developed by
Confucius in the 500’s BC
taught the importance of moral
character and of individuals taking
responsibility for the state and society
TaoismA Chinese philosophy founded in the
500’s BC by Lao Tzu.
TaoismThe goal of Taoism is to find
harmony with nature.
Genghis KhanGreat Mongol leader who invaded China
in 1211
Kublai KhanGrandson of
Genghis Khan
Conquered China and took the
Chinese name Yuan
Began Yuan Dynasty
Only foreign dynasty to rule
China
The Great Wall1500-mile stone and brick wall
built in China to keep out invading Mongols
Question… can the Great Wall be seen from the
moon?
No! However, it can be seen from a low orbit in space!
Communism
An economic and political system in which property is
owned collectively and labor is organized in a way that is supposed to benefit
all people.
The Long March1934
Fleeing China’s Nationalist government, Mao Zedong and
87,000 other Communist soldiers began marching to
northern China.
368 days later less than 10,000 men reached their goal.
The Long March
The Long March had to cross very difficult terrain such as snowy mountains. Today is considered one of the
greatest physical feats of the Twentieth Century.
Mao Zedong
Communist leader of China
1949 - 1976
Implemented policies such as the Great Leap Forward
and the Cultural Revolution
Mao ZedongSupported by millions
of peasants because of the promise of land, Mao Zedong and his People’s Liberation Army defeated the
Nationalist (standing government of China at
the time) and established a
Communist China.
Mao Zedong•Wanted to establish a socialist society. • Land taken from wealthy landowners and given to poor • establish collective farms • Increase food production•More could work in industry
Great Leap Forward
1958Program under Mao
Zedong to help speed up economic growth in
China
Great Leap Forward•Collective farms combined into communes – some with more than 30,000 people who lived and worked together•Hoped this would create a classless society• Profits were illegal – so people only produced for themselves•Thus, failure•Bad weather• Peasants hatred of new system•15 million people died of starvation
Cultural Revolution1965 – 1968
Mao Zedong’s continued attempt to create a classless and new
societyWanted to eliminate the “Four
Olds”Old ideas
Old cultureOld customsOld habits
Cultural RevolutionLittle red book
The most important source of knowledge in
all areas
Cultural RevolutionRed Guards formed – formed mostly of young people Destroyed temples, books written by foreigners and foreign music Vicious attacks on those who deviated from Mao’s plan or were “too western”
What aspects of the Cultural Revolution do we see in this illustration?
IsolationismA policy of isolating one’s country from contact and
influence with other countries.
The purpose … to keep out foreign ideas and protect the country’s values and
beliefs.
Tiananmen SquareA square in Beijing, China, where
thousands of protesters gathered in demonstration against Communism.
On June 3, 1989, the Communist government of
China sent in the military to take whatever action
necessary to stop the
demonstration. After firing into the
crowds, mostly consisting of college-aged
students, several hundred were
killed and many more were injured.
Opium WarA war over the trade of the drug
opium, which was fought between China and Britain from 1839 – 1842.
Taiping Rebellion
One of the greatest
peasant revolts in China’s
history. Raged for 14 years and took 20 million lives.
Boxer RebellionA rebel group known as the Boxers rose up against the Qing Dynasty.
Boxer RebellionPurpose … to defeat the dynasty and
force all foreigners out.
Boxer RebellionBritish, French, Russian, Japanese, and American troops joined together and defeated the Boxers.
This left China’s government in turmoil.
Subsistence Farminggrowing only enough crops to sustain your
family
Cottage IndustriesAn industry where the
creation of products and services is home-based,
rather than factory-based.
Cottage Industries
Cottage industries—the local production of traditional are seen as a way to employ the unemployed. In Nepal, these industries have
included pottery, handmade paper and products, woodwork, metal work, weaving,
embroidery, and basket making, and draw on artistic traditions dating back centuries. They
contribute about 60 percent of industrial production.
Typhoon
A tropical hurricane in the western Pacific and China
Seas
Tsunamian unusually
large sea wave produced by a seaquake or
undersea volcanic eruption
Population density
The number of people relative to
the space occupied by them
Even though India is 2nd in population to China, why do you
think they have a higher population density?
ArchipelagoA large group or chain of
islands
ClanA group of families who trace their descent from a common
ancestorYamato clan in Japan emerged as the most powerful clan and established a government that ruled for hundreds of years.
Shinto
A Japanese religion that developed around 300 BC.
Shinto teaches that supernatural beings called kami live in all objects
and forces of nature.
Shinto
The most common Shinto symbol – torii – the shrine gate. This one is called a
floating torii.
Mt. Fuji – sacred
mountain to Shinto
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
Cities bombed by US during
WWII with atomic bombs
Hiroshima before the bomb
Hiroshima after the bomb
120,000 killed initially by the bombs … within the next weeks, months, and years the numbers would
increase to more than 240,000
Hiroshima
Building that
partially survived the bomb
…
HiroshimaNow stands as a
memorial
NagasakiAugust 9,
1945