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East Asian Stability Meets Foreign Traders
From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, why
expand when you’re the best?
Ming Dynasty
Everything continued to
grow in the early Ming
Dynasty
Wanted to be the opposite
from the Yuan dynasty so
Mongol dress and names
were discouraged, and
brought back the civil
service exam
Tried to expand into
Mongolia, but failed to hold
the conquered territory and
instead restored and
expanded the Great Wall
The Voyages of Zheng He
A Muslim Admiral
who started his first
of 7 voyages in 1405
The Fleet at it’s
height included more
than 300 ships and
25,000 people
Brought back exotic
treasures including a
giraffe
The downside of his VoyagesConfucian scholars believed
that interaction and trade with
foreign cultures threatened
China’s social order due to the
agrarian lifestyle
Emperor Zhu Gaozhi thought
the expeditions were too
expensive
Made building a ship with
more than two masts a
punishable offense
A positive effect was it
stopped pirate activities off the
coast of China
A Portuguese Trading
Empire in AsiaPortugal visited China in 1514
after constructing ports along
the Indian Ocean
This led to others trying to get
into china including Jesuits
Tried to win them over with
their knowledge of science, but
the Chinese considered them
barbaric
Because the Portuguese
traders ignored their
government, the British
eventually forced them out of
South Asia in 1620
Qing Dynasty
The famine in 1644 led to a
peasant revolt and the
Manchu from Manchuria took
power over the next 40 years
and held it for almost 250
years
They were different like the
Mongols before them, but less
tolerant having men dress in
the Manchu style wearing
queues
They did, however, maintain
the bureaucracy and civil
service exams
Emperor KangxiPresided over the main period
of stability and expansion
Was tolerant towards Catholics
and Jesuits were respected
because they learned to teach
Chinese, after Kangxi this was
not the case
authorized the Kangxi
Dictionary with 42,000 Chinese
characters, also sponsored a
Collection of Books, similar to
Diderot’s Encyclopedia during
Enlightenment France
Emperor Qianlong
Sent armies to Tibet to install the
Dalai Lama on the throne there
Needing funds they sold limited
trading privileges to European
powers, keeping them in Canton
The bureaucracy became corrupt
later on with people paying high
taxes and rebelling
China was a proto-industial society,
while some industry existed, many
still worked on farms
Still sold Tea, silk and porcelain to
Europe and India
Chinese Society
Very conservative adherence to
Confucianism
Women had lower status, not
allowed formal education, and
widows could not remarry, and
those who committed suicide were
honored
Foot binding was practiced by the
elite as a form of beauty and
control
Some argue that the modern novel
can be traced back to Journey to
the West, a fictional version of
Xuanzang’s pilgrimage to Buddhist
sites in India
Japan
Gunpowder weapons helped three
powerful Dynamo unify Japan
Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi
Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu,
this took until 1616
Formed the Tokugawa Shogunate
to centralize control over a feudal
system
To keep the Diamyo under control,
he reduced them to landlords who
managed territories, or hans,
rather than independent leaders
Japanese Social Changes
Samurai warrior class declined in
importance, but remained
towards the top of the social
pyramid
Merchants were still low, but
some became very rich
The Eta class at the bottom is
comparable to the untouchables
in India, preforming unclean jobs
such as executioner and butcher
Silk, Agriculture, and silver
production increased and even
though they restricted fearing
trade, Chinese, Dutch, and
Korean traders did well in Japan
Japanese Art, Lit, and
contact with EuropeWealthy merchants and diary
constructed and decorated
elaborate residences
the poet Matsuo Basho,
developed the haiku
Stylized dance-drama called
Kabuki Theater became
popular
When Christian missionaries
and converts started
destroying Buddhist shines,
they banned Christian worship
in 1587 and expelled
missionaries, also banned
construction of large ships