East Loch Awe - forestryandland.gov.scot€¦ · East Loch Awe Land Management Plan - 2017 - 2026 11 | East Loch Awe | Ian Thomas | 2017 - 2026 Extensive establishment of upland Birch

East Loch Awe Land Management Plan - 2017 - 2026

1 | East Loch Awe | Ian Thomas | 2017 - 2026

West Argyll Forest District

East Loch Awe Land Management Plan

Plan Reference No: ****

Plan Approval Date: ***** Plan Expiry Date: ******



FOREST ENTERPRISE - Application for Land Management Plan Approvals in Scotland

Forest Enterprise - Property Forest District: West Argyll Forest District Woodland or property name: East Loch Awe Nearest town, village or locality: Inveraray OS Grid reference: NN 265 300 Local Authority district/unitary

Argyll & Bute Council

Areas for Approval Conifer Ha Broadleaf Ha Clear felling 629 Restocking/Underplanting 822 152 Selective Fell 214 Natural Regeneration New Planting Note: restock includes areas felled under previous Plan 1. I apply for Land Management Plan approval*/amendment approval* for the property described above and in the enclosed Forest Design Plan. 2. * I apply for an opinion under the terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (Forestry) (Scotland) Regulations 1999 for afforestation/road building*/ quarries* as detailed in my application. 3. I confirm that the initial scoping of the plan was carried out with FC staff in

2011 4. I confirm that the proposals contained in this plan comply with the UK

Forestry Standard. 5. I confirm that the scoping, carried out and documented in the Consultation

Record attached, incorporated those stakeholders which the FC agreed must be included.

6. I confirm that agreement has been reached with all of the stakeholders over the content of the design plan and that there are no outstanding issues to be addressed. Copies of consultee endorsements of the plan are attached.

7. I undertake to obtain any permissions necessary for the implementation of the approved Plan.



Signed ……………………………… Signed…………………………… Forest District Manager Conservator District West Argyll Conservancy Perth & Argyll Date………………… Date of Approval …………. Date approval ends: …………..



Contents

Summary of Proposals

1.0 Introduction: 1.1 Setting and context 1.2 History of the site 1.3 Planning context

2.0 Analysis of previous plans

3.0 Background information 3.1 Physical site factors

3.1.1 Geology Soils and landform 3.1.2 Water 3.1.3 Climate

3.2 Biodiversity and environmental designations 3.3 The existing forest

3.3.1 Age structure & species change over plan period 3.3.2 Access 3.3.3 LISS potential 3.3.4 Current and potential markets

3.4 Landscape and land use 3.4.1 Landscape character and value 3.4.2 Visibility 3.4.3 Neighbouring land use & local businesses

3.5 Social factors 3.5.1 Recreation 3.5.2 Community 3.5.3 Heritage

3.6 Deer & Sheep

4.0 Analysis and Concept 4.1 Analysis 4.2 Concept

5.0 Forest Design Plan Proposals 5.1 General 5.1.1 Management Types 5.1.2 Future Habitats and Species



5.1.3 Restructuring 5.1.4 Operational Access 5.1.5 Thinning Plans 5.1.6 Deer Management 5.1.7 Management of Open Land 5.1.8 Public Access & Core Paths 5.1.9 Heritage Features 5.1.10 PAWS Restoration 5.1.11 Critical Success Factors

5.2 Ardchonnel LMP Site specific features & management proposals 5.3 Brenchoillie LMP Site specific features & management proposals 5.4 Eredine LMP

Site specific features & management proposals

Appendices: 1 Glossary 2 Supplementary documentation 3 Landscape Character Assessment 4 Scoping Invitation Letter 5 Consultation Record 6 Tolerance table



Support documents: Maps Map

No. Title Coverage

M1 Location & Viewpoints All

M2 Current Species Overview All

M3 Current Planting Date Overview All

M4 Designations All

M5 Opportunities & Constraints All

M6 Terrain & Landform Analysis All

M7 Slope All

M8 Roads All

M9 Recreation All

M10 Biodiversity All

M11 Water All

M12 Renewable Energy All

M13 LISS Current All

M14

Open Ground Management & Adjacent Land

Use All

M15a Landscape Analysis: Landscape Character Type All

M15b Landscape Crop Issues & Landscape Concepts All

M15b Landscape text key All

M16 Design Concept All

M17 Map Layout All

M18 Felling Phases Overview All

M19a Felling Phases North North

M19b Felling Phases West West

M19c Felling Phases South South

M19d Felling Phases Central Central



Map

No. Title Coverage

M19e Felling Phases East East

M20 Future Habitats & Species (Restock) Overview All

M21a Future Habitats & Species (Restock) North North

M21b Future Habitats & Species (Restock) West West

M21c Future Habitats & Species (Restock) South South

M21d Future Habitats & Species (Restock) Central Central

M21e Future Habitats & Species (Restock) East East

M22 Thinning Areas All

Landscape Images

D1: Viewpoint 1 (NN 121075. From A815 at St Catherines). Current view &

felling phases.

D2: Viewpoint 1 (NN 121075. From A815 at St Catherines). Restock & forest @

2035.

D3: Viewpoint 2 (NN 087024. From A815 @ Creggans Hotel, Strachur). Current

view & felling phases.

D4: Viewpoint 2 (NN 087024. From A815 @ Creggans Hotel, Strachur). Restock

& Forest @ 2035.

D5: Viewpoint 3 (NS 049974. From A886 @ Leanach). Current view & felling

phases.

D6: Viewpoint 3 (NS 049974. From A886 @ Leanach). Restock & Forest @ 2035.

D7: Viewpoint 4 (NN 101101. From Dun na Cuaiche hill, just north of Inveraray).

Current view & felling phases.

D8: Viewpoint 4 (NN 101101. From Dun na Cuaiche hill, just north of Inveraray).

Restock & Forest @ 2035.

D9: Viewpoint 5 (NN 029030. From Auchindrain Township Museum). Current

view & felling phases.



D10: Viewpoint 5 (NN 029030. From Auchindrain Township Museum). Restock &

Forest @ 2035.

D11: Viewpoint 6 (NM 879038. From B840 just east of Ford). Current view &

felling phases.

D12: Viewpoint 6 (NM 879038. From B840 just east of Ford). Restock & Forest @

2035.

D13: Viewpoint 7 (NM 941085. From Kilmaha picnic site, west shore of Loch

Awe). Current view & felling phases.

D14: Viewpoint 7 (NM 941085. From Kilmaha picnic site, west shore of Loch

Awe). Restock & Forest @ 2035.

D15: Viewpoint 8 (NM 946094. From minor road north of Kilmaha). Current view

& felling phases.

D16: Viewpoint 8 (NM 946094. From minor road north of Kilmaha). Restock &

Forest @ 2035.

D17: Viewpoint 9 (NM 974145. From minor road north of Kilmaha). Current view

& felling phases.

D18: Viewpoint 9 (NM 974145. From minor road north of Kilmaha). Restock &

Forest @ 2035.



Summary of Proposals The Land Management Plan (LMP) area comprises a landscape scale unit of 9697Ha stretching from Loch Awe in the west to the slopes above Loch Fyne in the east. While Sitka Spruce is the dominant productive species due to site constraints, the area has some diversity in terms of tree species, age structure & silvicultural systems. The long history of forest management across the LMP area has facilitated the creation of extensive restructured areas and areas of Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF) (also referred to as Low Impact Silvicultural Systems (LISS)). The forest has a good road network which has enabled restructuring to be carried out across most of the mature forest. There are areas of slower growing crop that area currently unroaded, and these areas will perform a role as a strategic timber reserve in order to stabilise future supply/demand projections. A Strategic Timber Transport Scheme haul route passes through the forest. The forest area comprises a mix of ages & species with well-established second rotation crops & continuous cover forestry adding to diversity. Mixed conifers and broadleaves are widespread on the lower slopes with Sitka Spruce being the dominant species on the upper slopes. There is intimate matrix of well linked open ground across the forest that contributes to biodiversity and landscape. The LMP area contributes significantly to meeting the District’s timber production targets. The forest is well roaded with limited slope constraints. There are limited interactions with adjacent agricultural enterprises, although march stock fencing and sheep trespass are a consideration. The An Suidhe windfarm is located within the forest above the treeline and contributes to renewable energy generation. A number of hydro schemes are operational or under construction in and around the forest as map M12 – Renewable Energy details. The open ground matrix, Lochans, ancient woodland fragments and mature mixed conifers managed under low impact silvicultural systems (LISS) all contribute to the ecological diversity of the site which supports a wide range of significant species from golden plover to red squirrel. Eredine & Brenchoillie are designated as Red Squirrel strongholds. Peat bog restoration has been undertaken across areas of Brenchoillie, with further restoration planned for targeted areas of checked crops on deep peat that contribute to habitat networks.



The LMP for East Loch Awe (9697Ha) covers the following forest areas: Ardchonnel (524Ha), Brenchoillie (4335Ha) & Eredine (4838Ha).

Species Breakdown (Gross Area)

2017 (Current)

Projected 2036

Primary species: Sitka Spruce 56% 46%

Secondary species: other conifer 6% 11%

Native broadleaf 2% 6% Open space 17% 17% Other Land 19% 20%

Species Breakdown (Gross Area less open hill ground)

2017 (Current) 2036

Primary species: Sitka Spruce 67% 57%

Secondary species: other conifer 7% 11%

Native broadleaf 3% 7% Open space 23% 25%

Note: Other Land is defined as those compartments containing only open ground.



Extensive establishment of upland Birch woodland is proposed, however because of the slow growing nature of the current crop on, and adjacent to, the target areas, then most of these areas are proposed for action outside the plan period. Planned operations 2017 – 2026 plan period Felling 629Ha Thinning 214Ha Restock 1034Ha Road Construction 0 Note: Restock area includes areas already felled & awaiting restocking. It includes areas of integral open ground planted as part of restructuring. It excludes areas of designed open ground included as part of the restructuring. Significant environmental features/proposals

Designated Sites Craignure Mine Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) (Geological). West Loch Fyne Area of great landscape value (AGLV) (along eastern margin of LMP area). Inveraray Castle Gardens & Designed Landscape (GDL) (adjacent to NE tip of LMP area). Ardchonnel Long Cairn Scheduled Ancient Monument (SAM). Ardchonnel Castle SAM. Island of Innis Chonnel SAM. Innis Chonnel Crannog SAM. Innis Errich Chapel & Burial Ground SAM Barr Mor Dun SAM Red Squirrel Stronghold (Eredine & Brenchoillie) (Non-statutory)

Woodland Creation Establishment of upland Birch woodland on upper margin & on areas of checked SS. (Currently largely outside plan period)

PAWS Restoration Continuation of work undertaken under the previous plan & focussed on riparian areas with Eredine containing the most significant



areas. Enhance riparian linkages Focussed on Douglas Water & Abhainn a’

Bhealaich. Windblow clearance Requires larger coupe size than otherwise

desirable, but vital to salvage fallen crop and restore area to actively growing crop.

Critical Success Factors:

• Active management of Continuous Cover areas particularly where stand stability is becoming a critical issue. This may involve small clearfells and/or clearfells with seed trees in order to salvage timber from unstable stands and achieve regeneration. Regeneration of many species on the lower slopes is generally good, with deer impacts being focussed on the upper slopes & Brenchoillie.

• Retain the productive capacity of the forest while balancing other factors. • Improve the forest landscape and its impact on key tourist routes along Loch Fyne

and Loch Awe. • Continue current levels of deer control which have enabled regeneration to occur

in many areas. Consider increasing deer control and/or strategic fencing to facilitate the regeneration of softer conifers under Continuous Cover and Birch/Rowan on the upper margins. Work with Argyll Estates on a joint management approach compatible with objectives.

• Monitor proposed timber reserve areas for stability, and adapt future plans and roading programmes accordingly.

• Clear accessible windblow. • Retain current species diversity on the lower slopes and expand this on the upper

margins where appropriate using predominantly Birch woodland with a wider range of broadleaved species in riparian linkages.

• Maintain external stock fences in partnership with neighbours and control sheep trespass.

• Continue to work with partners to enhance the riparian environments for water quality and fish ecology.

• Work constructively with local community in community led initiatives to enhance recreational routes as opportunities arise. Given budgetary constraints these initiatives are likely to require external funding.

• Monitor Invasive species along Loch Awe, in particular Rhododendron & Japanese Knotweed and control as required.

• Utilise Western Hemlock in Continuous Cover areas, but monitor and control this element in broadleaved areas as resources allow.

• Monitor current peat restoration work and identify future opportunities during post felling operational planning. Future opportunities would be identified based on the



FC Practice Guide “Deciding future management options for afforested deep peatland” & supplementary guidance.

• Protect public & private water supplies within the forest. • Monitor disease impacts in particular Dothistroma Needle Blight (DNB) in the

Ardchonnel area. • Seek to improve the water quality status of failing water bodies where this is

impacted by forestry management. • Work to maintain and enhance the forests contribution to its Red Squirrel

Stronghold status by maintaining a diverse range of conifers with a strong element of Norway Spruce managed under LISS.

• Protect and enhance the setting of Archaeological sites including both Scheduled & Unscheduled Monuments.

• Renewables developments – An Suidhe Windfarm, Braevallich, Douglas Water and Kames Hydro.

• Protection of open habitat species. Consultation & further Information During the development of this plan we have consulted with the local community and other stakeholders/ For further information on the plan please contact Tommy McGrory, Planning Forester, Forestry Commission Scotland on 0300 067 6663 or [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



1.0 Introduction: 1.1 Setting and context

This Land Management Plan covers the areas of Ardchonnel (524Ha), Brenchoillie (4335Ha) & Eredine (4838Ha) Forests. This plan covers the operational proposals for the next 10 years of a rolling 50 year plan.

The plan area has a long history of forestry management in UK terms, with areas of Long Established Plantation Origin along Loch Awe, and a phased expansion of forest area moving from the lower slopes to the high ground. The phased expansion reflects the history of Forestry Commission Activity in Argyll. The lower slopes have a diverse range of species with sitka spruce being dominant on the more challenging upper slopes. The forest has been extensively restructured and carries a diverse range of age classes. Recent activity in relation to renewables has improved the road network and has required limited fellings to accommodate infrastructure. The underlying geology is largely metamorphic, with soil quality generally declining with altitude. The main forest areas of Eredine & Brenchoillie are connected by two forest roads that cross from Loch Awe (B840) to Loch Fyne (A83). Access points to the forest areas is as follows: Ardchonnel, off B840 @ NM992132; Brenchoillie, off A83 @ NN016024, NN044042, NN062051; Eredine, off B840 @ NM976103, NM962083, NM062051. Large areas of the site fall into high wind categories indicating that wind poses a significant threat to the long term stability of the crop. Continentality is low. Temperature and climate wetness are generally favourable for tree growth at lower altitudes, less so at higher altitudes. Climate change predicts drier summers and wetter winters, but the climatic conditions will be warmer and windier. Soils are predominantly peaty gleys, peaty ironpans, peaty rankers and blanket bog. Areas of upland brown earths occur on the lower slopes & gullies. The network of interconnected forest roads provides opportunities for walkers & cyclists. A Forestry Commission car park is located on the shores of Loch



Awe. A historic public right of way (core path) crosses the forest from Auchindrain to Ford and another from Auchindrain to the Carron Bothy. The forest has significant landscape impacts across the wider landscape, with views from the west side of Loch Awe and the east side of Loch Fyne being the most significant. Views from the A83 have a lower impact with the adjacent forestry (outwith the LMP area) playing a larger role in terms of impact. The village of Eredine was a former forestry village and is set close to the forest edge. The forest provides access for the community of Eredine and for a number of houses located along the forest edge along both Loch Awe & Loch Fyne. While the area of Ancient Semi-natural woodland is relatively small, there are extensive areas of broadleaves along many of the main water courses, in particular along the Douglas Water. Water is an important element in the forest with numerous lochans on the upper slopes and three major rivers draining the site. The water environment delivers public and private drinking water supplies, renewable energy & a fishery resource. In addition to their important economic contribution to the National Forest Estate, the hydro schemes located on site make a significant contribution to the sustainable low impact generation of renewable energy which is a key objective under the district’s strategic plan. The An Suidhe wind farm is located in the centre of the forest and has the capacity to generate 19.3MW of power. A range of iconic and important species occur across the forest including Red Squirrel, Golden Eagle, Sea Eagle, Osprey, Peregrine, Red Throated Diver, Golden Plover and Black Grouse. The extensive restructuring of the Forest gives recreational users the opportunity for observing many of these species, as well as a range of mammals including three deer species, Otter & Pine Marten. The forest has been designated (non statutory) a Red Squirrel Stronghold, and maintaining and enhancing the features that contribute to this designation is a management priority. The approach is to maintain and expand the area of mixed conifer LISS, with the emphasis being on Norway spruce as a key species. Some areas of LISS are reaching a stage where wind damage has degraded the stand structure, and this necessitates felling and restocking/regeneration on some areas managed under LISS. These areas will



be managed as LISS as they mature, and a further expansion of LISS into younger crops on appropriate sites is anticipated. The forest has an intimate matrix of well connected open ground and forest cover on the upper slopes which provide landscape and ecological benefits as well as opportunities for deer control. Red, Sika and Roe deer occur across the forest. Deer management has facilitated regeneration of a range of tree species across many parts of the forest; however on some of the upland areas trail enclosures indicate that deer may be suppressing significant regeneration of Birch & Rowan. Sheep trespass has been an ongoing problem across the forest. No opportunities have been identified for agricultural integration at this stage.

Numerous unscheduled archaeology sites exist across the forest together with scheduled sites along Loch Awe. All operations will be carried out to the internationally recognised forestry standards as required under UK Woodland Assurance Scheme (UKWAS) and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). All management proposals and implementation will meet the UK Forestry Standard. This woodland is part of West Argyll Forest District and is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Certified woodlands are subject to regular audit by an independent audit body against the requirements of UK Woodland Assurance Standard (UKWAS). UKWAS is the independent certification standard for verifying sustainable woodland management in the UK.

1.2 History of the site In Eredine & Ardchonnel planting commenced on site in 1935 on the lower slopes with the upper slopes planted between 1967 & 1973. The lower slopes have been extensively thinned and restructuring of the better grown parts of the upper forest has been extensive and successful. Brenchoillie was established later with planting commencing in 1968 and being completed by 1989. Restructuring of the forest has made progress under the current plan. Since 2005 a number of hydro schemes, a windfarm and a strategic timber transport linkage have been established within the forest. Following consultation in 2009 the forest area was one of 19 areas in Scotland selected as a Red Squirrel Stronghold, and this designation emphasises management to benefit this species.



1.3 Planning Context The management of the Forestry Commission Scotland’s NFE (National Forest Estate) is guided by Scottish Forestry Strategy (SFS) 2006, which sets out seven key themes: • Climate change • Timber • Business development • Community development • Access & Health • Environmental quality • Biodiversity

The principles within the Forestry Commission & West Argyll District Strategic Plan will be followed and these in turn relate to the National Strategic Plan for Forestry Commission Scotland 2013 – 2016. The six aspirations are listed below.

Healthy – achieving good environmental and silvicultural condition in a changing climate Productive – providing sustainable economic benefits from the land Treasured – as a multi-purpose resource that sustains livelihoods, improves quality of life, and offers involvement and enjoyment Accessible – local woodlands and national treasures that are well promoted, welcoming and open for all Cared for – working with nature and respecting landscapes, natural and cultural heritage Good value – exemplary, effective and efficient delivery of public benefits Specifically in relation to the LMP area the opportunity to contribute towards these aspirations are: Healthy: Potential for productive broadleaves and species diversification along Loch Awe. Increased use of Low Impact Silvicultural Systems (LISS)/Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF). Control of invasive species. Restoration of deep unproductive peats. Protection of drinking water quality in relation to private and public supplies. Productive: Minimise disruption to public road system via partnership working. Provision of renewable energy. Production of high quality timber. Increase



productive broadleaved area. Facilitation of tourism businesses. Timber reserve areas. Treasured & Accessible: Recreational access through the extensive road network for cyclists and walkers giving visitors a wide range of opportunities to enjoy the environment and the flora and fauna present in the forest. Cared for: Protect and enhance Native woodland sites, particularly along the Douglas Water. Maintain open ground habitats and linkages across the forest. Expand area of upland Birch wood. Continue forest management to create and maintain Red Squirrel habitat. Protect Scheduled Monuments along Loch Awe & the geological SSSI at Craignure SSSI. Red Squirrel Stronghold. Good Value: Facilitate the production of renewable energy via both wind and hydro. Increase the efficiency of timber transport and reduce impacts on the public road system

The plan follows the UK Forestry Standard (UKFS), and has used aspects of the guidelines listed below as appropriate in the planning process.

Forests & Biodiversity Guidelines

Forests & Climate Change Guidelines

Forests & Historic Environment Guidelines

Forests & Landscape Guidelines

Forests & People Guidelines

Forests & Soil Guidelines

Forests & Water Guidelines



The following codes of practice will be adhered to during implementation of the plan.

Managing Health and Safety in Forestry

The UK Pesticide Guide

The Use of Herbicides in the Forest

Road Haulage of Round Timber Code of Practice

COSSH in Forestry

FC Protected species guidance notes: 31, 32, 33, 35,35c,

2.0 Analysis of previous plans

The three Forest Design Plans covering the LMP area ran for the following periods. Ardchonnel & Brenchoillie: 2004 to 2013. Eredine: 2009 to 2018. Extensions & amendments have been secured as required for ongoing forest management. The previous plans have achieved an extensive restructuring of the forest which has increased resilience and increased landscape and ecological diversity. Previous felling proposals, particularly within Eredine forest, tended towards the felling of significant areas within the first two phases and if implemented this could have led to potential adjacency issues and perhaps a lost opportunity to diversify age classes. The rationale for this was guided by the site exposure and nature of the crop which suggests a limited felling window. Windblow has also led to changes in the proposed design. The current plan seeks to slow the rate of fellings adjacent to felled areas to avoid the negative impacts mentioned above; this approach is however constrained by site exposure, crop condition and windblow. Most of the proposed road upgrades and extensions have been implemented. In summary the previous felling and restocking plans have been largely but not fully implemented, but have succeeded in diversifying the forest structure.



3.0 Background information 3.1 Physical site factors

3.1.1 Geology Soils and landform

The underlying geology is typically aligned north-east south-west and this alignment is reflected in the grain of the landscape. The sequence of alternate ridges & dips creates alternate areas of thin soils and peaty rankers grading through deeper pits with lochans in the hollows. The Douglas Water flowing south to Loch Fyne & the Abhainn a’ Bhealaich and Kames river flowing north to Loch Awe largely cut across the grain of the landscape, although the headwaters and tributaries do follow the grain. Terrain & landform are shown on map M6; water issues are shown in map M11 & Landscape Character is shown on map M15a. The dominant soils are ironpans with varying degrees of induration, peaty podzols, peaty surface water gleys & brown surface water gleys. There are



pockets of upland brown earths on the lower slopes, with pockets of deep peat on the upper slopes alternating with peaty rankers across the undulating landform. There is no history of erosion. Fertility is typically moderate on the lower slopes, but low on unflushed peats and skeletal soils at higher elevations. The first rotation crop and associated establishment operations are likely to enhance site productivity in following crops by improving soil structure and drainage. Site fertility would also be expected to be enhanced for second rotations crops, although there are more variables in relation to this impact.

Soil Profiles for the upper margin of Brenchoillie showing ironpans & varying peat depths.



3.1.2 Water See map M11.

Water Course Status Cause

Abhainn a' Bhealaich

Moderate ecological potential (Heavily modified) HEP; Riparian vegetation & forestry

River Add

Moderate ecological potential (Heavily modified) HEP; Riparian vegetation & forestry

Leacann Water Bad Riparian vegetation & forestry Douglas Water Bad HEP; Riparian vegetation & forestry Allt Beochlich Good N/A Allt Blarghour Good New HEP may alter current status Kames Water Good New HEP may alter current status

The installation of hydroelectric power schemes (HEP) has had a significant impact on the water quality status. The management of these specific impacts is outside the scope of the LMP. Where riparian vegetation and forestry cover are issues for water quality, then this will be addressed within the plan. Previous crop establishment has generally maintained significant open ground areas around lochans and water course on the upper slopes. Older crops in Eredine were planted closer to water courses, but the impacts of this have been reduced by LISS management or restructuring. In some instances the riparian vegetation impacts mainly occur on land adjacent to the LMP area (eg the Leacann Water). Where there is scope for broadening riparian corridors and enhancing the broadleaved buffer zones, then this will be a priority action.

A number of private water supplies occur across the site (mainly within Eredine) as well as a public water supply utilising the Loch Righeachan catchment. Many of these supplies have been identified; however detailed operational site plans should endeavour to confirm that all supplies relevant to the target felling coupe have been identified.

3.1.3 Climate

The current climate is classed as Warm Moist on the lower slopes grading to Cool Wet on the upper slopes; continentality is low. The Soil Moisture Regime ranges from very wet to slightly dry with wet being the dominant type. The Soil Nutrient Regime ranges from Medium to Very Poor.



Climate projections point to a warmer climate with lower summer rainfall and higher winter rainfall.

Averaged Ecological Site Classification Site Data (5000m resolution)

Scenario AT5 CT DAMS MD Summer Rainfall (mm)

Winter Rainfall (mm)

Baseline 1961-1990 1303 4.4 14 98.9 870 1296

UKCIP02 Low

emissions 2050 1568 4.4 14 -0.8 825 1356

UKCIP02 Low

emissions 2080 1711 4.4 14 -0.8 806 1380

UKCIP02 High

emissions 2050 1622 4.4 14 -0.8 799 1391

UKCIP02 High

emissions 2080 2213 4.4 14 7.2 746 1460

(AT5: Accumulated Temperature (day-degrees above 5°C) : CT: Continentality; DAMS: Detailed aspect method of scoring (measure of exposure); MD: Moisture Deficit)

3.2 Biodiversity and environmental designations There are a range of designations across the site and these are shown in map M4. Designations include: Craignure Mine Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) (Geological). West Loch Fyne Area of great landscape value (AGLV) (along eastern margin of LMP area). Inveraray Castle Gardens & Designed Landscape (GDL) (adjacent to NE tip of LMP area).



Ardchonnel Long Cairn Scheduled Monument (SM). Ardchonnel Castle SM. Island of Innis Chonnel SM. Innis Chonnel Crannog SM. Innis Errich Chapel & Burial Ground SM Barr Mor Dun SM Red Squirrel Stronghold (Non-statutory)

Under a management plan agreed with SNH, tree cover has been removed from around Craignure Mine.

Craignure Mine Site. All of the SMs are located in areas of open ground or woodland managed under low impact silvicultural systems (LISS) or non-intervention. All of these sites will be protected as part of this plan.



Management of the Red Squirrel stronghold will focus on silvicultural approaches that maintain and enhance the habitat for this species. Open Habitats The open ground element is proposed to increase by 2% up to 2036. This is due to enhanced riparian buffers, peat restoration and areas of checked crop at high elevation. Many of these open ground habitats are successional and natural regeneration of mixed species over the plan period could be anticipated to lead to an actual increase in woodland cover on the upper margins. The main open habitat is unflushed blanket bog and upland heathland which is located as a matrix of open ground across the upper slopes. Open ground has been retained over the following areas:

• Steep slopes, rock outcrops and cliffs. • Deep peats • Riparian buffers

These interconnected open ground areas have a high ecological value and support a range of important species. Prey availability is likely to be higher along these forest edges, and the lines of open ridges aligned with the prevailing winds are likely to provide good hunting habitat for moorland raptors.



Open ground matrix on Brenchoillie



Appropriate open ground around riparian features on the upper slopes.

There are areas of checked crops where poor drainage and low soil nutrient status are limiting factors. These areas have potential for restoration to open ground habitat or upland Birch wood. The continuity of moorland/bog vegetation in many of these checked areas would suggest that conversion to open ground would be feasible. Sheep and deer impacts during establishment have played a role in areas of poor establishment, and the significance of this is that failed crops may not necessarily correlate with intrinsic site conditions that make forestry unviable. Many areas showing slow growth in the current rotation may be suitable for growing productive pure Sitka Spruce in the second rotation. Decisions on deforestation will follow the FC Practice Guide “Deciding future management options for afforested deep peatland”. Trial enclosures across the upland open ground suggest that there is considerable scope for the development of both a more vigorous moorland flora and regeneration of Birch and Rowan. The development of W4 Upland Birch wood type woodland would expand an area of priority habitat and create an enhanced habitat for a number of the species listed below. The



development of this woodland by planting or natural regeneration would depend on reducing deer pressure or extensive deer fencing.

Abundant native broadleaved regeneration across the upper slopes of Eredine. Ancient Woodland Sites Ancient Woodland Sites are limited in the locale and generally occur as dislocated fragments along the loch shores. Within the LMP area most of these fragments occur along Loch Awe. The major watercourse on site carry significant mixed native woodland cover with a wide range of age classes and high species diversity. Long Established (Woodland) of Plantation Origin also occur along Loch Awe, and these sites can have a high conservation, particularly as many of these areas are managed under LISS.



Currently many of these woodland fragments are poorly linked. New native woodland has been created at restocking in some of the riparian areas and this should be protected and enhanced through this plan.

The Douglas Water riparian woodland is a priority for restoration and expansion. Species Red, Sika & Roe deer occur throughout the woodland and deer management is considered in more detail further in the plan. Mountain Hares occur on the upper slopes in low numbers with Brown Hares occurring on the agricultural low ground margins. A wide range of raptors are resident in the locality including Golden Eagle, Sea Eagle, Peregrine, Hen Harrier, Merlin, Short Eared Owl, Osprey and Kestrel.



Black Grouse is a priority species for FCS to protect and expand its range where possible. Black Grouse occur along the upper and mid slopes. A range of significant mammal species occur in the forest including Red Squirrel, Pine Marten, Otter and Badger. Protection of these species is largely carried out through Protected Species surveys followed by implementation of the appropriate guidance to protect & conserve these species. The management principles for Red Squirrel Strongholds will be followed as laid the Practice Note “Managing forests as red squirrel strongholds”. The key principles are:

1. Manage the forest to maintain a dependable food supply. 2. Seek to resolve conflicts with other management objectives without

compromising the success of red squirrel strongholds. 3. Plan for red squirrels at the landscape scale. 4. Plan forest operations to reduce short-term impacts on populations and

sustain long-term resilience. 5. Establish a monitoring system and a review process.

The emphasis will be on maintaining and expanding species and age class diversity. Pine Martens have a strong presence in the forest and current work suggests that this strongly reduces the risk of grey squirrel colonisation. A number of native tree species that are an integral component of W11 & W17 woodland occur in a range of age classes across the site and contribute greatly towards biodiversity. Oak & Hazel specifically fall into this category but in the guidance they also fall within the “discouraged category” with the guidance suggesting limiting this species category to 5% of the forest area. With birch forming a significant element of any broadleaved expansion then this target percentage area for “discouraged” species is unlikely to be exceeded, however given the above factors an expansion in the oak and hazel cover would provide many ecological advantages while not exacerbating the risk of grey squirrel colonisation.

3.3 The existing forest: 3.3.1 Age structure & species change over plan period.



Age of Trees (Years) Successional Stage % of forest 2017 2036 0 to 10 Establishment 11% 18%

11 to 20 Scrub & Early Thicket 5% 19%

21 to 40 Thicket & Pole Stage 46% 13%

41 to 60 Mature High Forest 34% 34% 61+ Old Forest 4% 16% Total 100% 100%

Species Group @ 2017 Area Ha % Species Group @ 2036 Area Ha % %

Change Felled 481.45 6% Felled 0 0 -6% Mixed Conifer 588.37 7% Mixed Conifer 910.65 11% 4% Native Broadleaved 224.62 3% Native Broadleaved 529.49 7% 4% Open Ground (Internal OS) 1862.55 23% Open Ground (Internal OS) 2022.31 25% 2% Sitka Spruce 4963.53 61% Sitka Spruce 4658.07 57% -4% Total 8120.52 100% Total 8120.52 100%

The above table is exclusive of the open hill ground which is 1576.74ha



3.3.2 Access

The Car Park on Loch Awe side. There is a good forest road network throughout most of the forest. No new roads are proposed for the next ten year period of the LMP, although this may need to be reviewed subject to disease or windblow impacts. Some upgrading of roads/tracks along the Loch Awe LISS areas may be required to facilitate active thinning management. Public access is encouraged across the LMP whether on foot, horseback or bicycle. The access is managed under the Scottish Outdoor Access Code (SOAC).

3.3.3 LISS potential



There is potential for Low Impact Silvicultural Systems (LISS) other than traditional clearfell and restocking. This will mainly be in areas where climate and soils are better and where there are other social and environmental benefits to managing the forest under LISS. The key areas with LISS potential are shown on Map M13. Site exposure is high in places across the LMP area, and this has had impacts on the current felling programme & coupe design. The current managed LISS areas tend to follow the areas with theoretical potential for LISS along Loch Awe. In Ardchonnel & south Brenchoillie there is potential to bring younger crops into active LISS management, but in north east Brenchoillie there is limited potential on this relatively sheltered area due to the advanced crop age.

LISS areas in Eredine contribute to the aesthetics of the forest while producing high quality timber. 3.3.4 Current and potential markets



Given the expanse of forest scale and conifer yield potential focussed on Sitka Spruce, then a major proportion of the timber will be softwood for large scale processing sawmills. This does not exclude hardwood and other diverse timber species that would be used by smaller sawmills. These are particularly relevant given the benefits that species diversity can bring to other social and environmental management objectives. These opportunities will be considered and implemented as part of the plan via diversification of species, age class and coupe size. Hydro schemes and the An Suidhe windfarm create a renewable energy resource and generate a significant income stream for the National Forest Estate.

3.4 Landscape and land use 3.4.1 Landscape character and value The LMP area falls largely within the “Craggy Upland” landscape character type under the SNH Landscape Assessment of Argyll & the Firth of Clyde. Areas on the eastern margin along Loch Fyne fall within the Upland Forest-Moor Mosaic. A more detailed Landscape appraisal has been carried out for the specific LMP area and this is shown on map M15a and covered in detail in Appendix section V. Map 15b & the associated text key indicate landscape issues arising from the current tree cover and suggested actions to enhance the landscape fit of the forest.

3.4.2 Visibility The main visual impacts are from the West side of Loch Awe and the East side of Loch Fyne. Views along the east shore of Loch Awe from the B840 are restricted by road alignment with short views being significant and stand micro characteristics having more significance than coupe shape. The dominance of LISS along this road frontage further increases the significance of stand and individual tree management.



Views from the A83 along Loch Fyne tend to be dominated by adjacent forests outwith the LMP area. At Auchindrain tufts of forest within the LMP have some adverse landscape impact, although the previous plan has gone some way to addressing these issues. The forest road network provides extensive & dynamic views of the forest. A number of prominent viewpoints have been chosen around the forest and these are shown on Map M1.

3.4.3 Neighbouring land use & local businesses

The neighbouring land use is predominantly agricultural with extensive upland sheep enterprises dominated by blackface sheep and managed along traditional lines. Sheep trespass is an ongoing problem within the forest.

Sheep constrained by deer fence to protect mixed conifer restock.



There is no current integration between forestry & agriculture, although the forest provides shelter for stock on adjacent land during heavy weather. There are also a number of adjacent woodlands owned by the private sector, with Argyll Estates & Kenmore Forest along Loch Fyne being the most significant forestry neighbours. Local Tourism businesses linked to the forest are limited. Hotel accommodation in the vicinity is generally located within Inveraray. A high proportion of the houses in the locality are either second homes or holiday accommodation. The forest contributes significantly to the attraction of holiday lets close to the forest via recreational routes provided by the road network and the opportunity for high quality wildlife watching. The forest forms an element of a forested landscape with a long history, and consequently contributes via landscape to the enjoyment of tourists and residents passing along the adjacent roads. Renewables both within the forest and on adjacent land include wind & hydro schemes which make a significant contribution to the generation of renewable energy. The location of renewable power infrastructure is shown on map M12. Renewable Energy Schemes relevant to plan area:

• An Suidhe windfarm (23 turbines. Total capacity 19.3MW) • Allt Sobhrachan Hydro. • Braevallich Hydro. • Douglas Water Hydro. • Kames Hydro • Leacann Water.

Allt Blarghour Hydro is located adjacent to Ardchonnel & has been developed in collaboration with the FC. Fishing on Loch Awe contributes to the local economy, and fishing within the hill lochans in the forest offers an additional opportunity for more active anglers.



3.5 Social factors

3.5.1 Recreation See map M9.

Recreational activity is dispersed across the forest. On Loch Awe there is a lochside car park and a number of picnic sites. The forest road network provides cyclists and walkers with additional opportunities to enjoy and explore the wider area.

The path route from Auchindrain (Loch Fyne) to Durran (Loch Awe) has deviated to follow the existing forest road where this provides a more accessible path. The route is lightly used and the path quality off forest road is variable. The shore along Loch Awe is heavily wooded and current access to the shoreline for locals and visitors is limited. The local Community development group are exploring the possibility of securing grant aid to improve access to the shore.



The Loch Awe shoreline is heavily wooded. 3.5.2 Community

The community of Eredine has a long association with both the Forestry Commission & the LMP area, having been a former Forestry Village. Many of the local farms and households around the forest also have close links with the forest in terms of shared experiences & social history. Communities along Loch Fyne include Furnace & Inveraray, and these have a more distant connection with the forest, although individual recreational users and people with an employment link to the forest have a deeper engagement and history. A high proportion of the houses around the forest are second homes or holiday lets, and this is reflected in the demographics of the locality, with the primary school at Eredine closing due to the falling school roll. This has potentially weakened the historical social link with the forest and rural life/employment, but many visitors and incomers have a strong desire to engage with their local environment. A consultation event held at Auchindrain for the local communities was well attended, with many people having a great depth of knowledge in relation to



the history and development of the forest. The consultation process was appreciated by attendees and was a positive process highlighting the importance of the forest to local people and their heritage. The South Loch Aweside Community Company are currently investigating the potential for a Community purchase of Ardchonnel.

3.5.3 Heritage

There are 6 Scheduled Monuments (SM) within the LMP as well as a large number of Unscheduled Monuments (USM) that are largely related to the previous agricultural use of the site. The scheduled monuments are listed below and all the archaeological sites are shown on map M4. Ardchonnel Long Cairn Scheduled Monument (SM). Ardchonnel Castle SM. Island of Innis Chonnel SM. Innis Chonnel Crannog SM. Innis Errich Chapel & Burial Ground SM Barr Mor Dun SM

Craignure Mine Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) is designated for its geology, but the mine workings also have a historical context. Inveraray Castle Gardens & Designed Landscape (GDL) lies adjacent to the NE tip of LMP area, with a similar type of commercial mixed forestry being practiced on both sides of the march. Commercial conifer woodland is an important element of the setting for the designed landscape and has historical connotations.



Ardchonnel Long Cairn Scheduled Monument (SM) with extensive open ground and scattered broadleaves to protect the site and enhance its setting.

3.6 Deer & Sheep Deer Red, Roe and Sika deer are present across the forest. Impacts vary widely across the forest with mixed regeneration on the lower slopes being widespread, but sparse on the upper slopes and in the quieter more inaccessible areas. Clearly soil type, climatic conditions, ground cover and seed source availability all play a role in the distribution of regeneration, but trial enclosures across the open ground on the upper slopes appear to indicate the potential for both greater floral diversity, and regeneration of pioneer species such as Rowan, Birch & Willow where deer pressure is reduced.



Enclosure demonstrating vigorous heather regeneration on drier slopes & regeneration of Rowan, Birch & Willow.

The area has no strategic deer fences and softer species restock areas are generally deer fenced to reduce the risk of deer damage. Deer control is facilitated by the extensive open ground, widespread restructuring activity and the road network. Areas of higher deer impacts are associated with poor access, low footfall and dense cover. In Brenchoillie Argyll Estates retains the sporting rights and this has an impact on the effectiveness of deer control. Historically sheep trespass has caused damage to tree crops during establishment, and this has been an intermittent problem since the commencement of forestry activity. Long fence lines on exposed sites and treefall across fences are all factors that have contributed to this problem.



4.0 Analysis and Concept 4.1 Analysis

Map M5 Opportunities & Constraints shows the main factors that have significantly influenced the development of design and long term vision of this forest. Landscape analysis in terms of character type is shown on map M15a, with a detailed analysis in terms of landscape crop issues shown on map M15b. The main factors considered in the analysis were identified as:

• Resilience in terms of the ability of the forest to continue to deliver productive forestry while increasing species diversity in a changing climate.

• Improving water quality where this falls within the scope of the LMP. • Maintaining recreational infrastructure. • Deer management. • Improving landscape. • Protect archaeology and enhance setting of features. • Building on the extensive restructuring activity to maintain and increase

age class diversity. • Maintaining and enhancing the habitat for key species. • Identifying new areas with LISS potential & consideration of the viability

of the existing LISS areas in terms of stability and regeneration. • Opportunity to identify areas suitable as a strategic standing timber

reserve.



4.2 Concepts of the plan The Design Concept map M16 indicates the guiding concepts that have emerged from the LMP process.

Key issues

Factor Opportunity Constraint

(limitation or restriction)

Concept Development

Productive forestry in a changing environment

Sitka spruce is well suited to large areas of the site, and capable of producing a commercial crop on a short rotation. A wider range of species choice is available for lower slopes which have better soils and less exposure. Climate change may expand the range of some species and enhance site conditions. This could facilitate a wider range of potential species with higher growth rates. Carbon sequestration and the creation of wood products contribute to climate change mitigation.

Increased risk of climatic and disease impacts which may affect trees in the ground and restocking species choices. ESC modelling indicates declining range of suitable species for the site under present climate models using generic soil data. Deer impacts limit species choice without fencing or enhanced deer control. Storm events of increasing intensity would limit the viability of LISS areas, timber storage areas and rotation length on the upper slopes. Range of fast growing species is limited.

Utilise species best suited to the site while increasing species diversity on the better lower slopes. Birch is well suited to the site and this has a role on the upper slopes where SS growth rates are inadequate. Build on the extensive age class diversity already achieved as this is a key element in building a resilient forest where species choice is limited. Follow latest research guidance in relation to species choice and best practice. Thin Scots Pine areas heavily where feasible to reduce DNB impacts and generally seek to avoid stressed trees which can offer a gateway for disease and pests. Aim for productive use of most of the forest area and select species with high growth rates.





Concept Development

Improving water quality.

The initial planting created generous buffers around most water bodies. Restructuring and the objective of increasing species diversity offers potential to improve water quality by expanding the riparian broadleaved buffer. Riparian broadleaves can help to keep summer water temperatures lower and provide a significant adventitious feed source for fish. Protect private and public water supplies during forestry operations. The wide age class range with clearfelled areas increases water yield across the forest. Hydro and other renewable energy generation help to reduce the use of fossil fuels; they also diversify the economic output of the forest and optimise the range of services delivered by the forest to society.

Hydro activity modifies water flows for defined lengths of the water course. Additionally forest cover reduces the rate of run-off and filters the rainfall reducing the impact of sedimentation.

Improvements will be made to the riparian areas by the use of broadleaves and the retention of open ground and existing broadleaved cover. Greater use of Birch and other W4 type species on the upper slopes can improve water quality and yield. Protect both private and public water supplies as a priority by operational planning and following the relevant guidance and the UKFS.





Concept Development

Maintaining recreational infrastructure.

Cooperation with local community groups who may have access to external funding could deliver targeted recreational enhancements to help meet community aspirations.

The development of further recreational infrastructure is limited by budgetary constraints and relatively low/unknown demand.

Work with local communities to enhance recreational provision where budgets allow, or external funding resources can be sourced.

Deer Management

Deer control has enabled a wide range of tree species to establish and regenerate across the forest. The forest has fairly limited connectivity with adjacent woodland and has a good internal environment and infrastructure for deer control. Trial enclosures on the upper slopes indicate the potential for habitat improvement and regeneration of native woodland where deer numbers are reduced.

Some areas of the forest have limited roading, and these difficult to access areas are a focus for deer activity. The shelter provided by the forest will tend to draw deer in during heavy weather. Neighbouring sheep enterprises tend to denude the surrounding feed resource during the winter months and this again draws deer (and sheep) into the forest where feed quality is higher. Deer control often has a high cost with delayed and uncertain returns. The law of diminishing marginal returns applies as deer numbers are reduced and populations adapt to hunting pressures. The sporting

Consider increased deer control and assess the cost/benefit impacts in relation to possible reductions in fence costs and the wider benefits that can accrue from avoiding deer fencing. Consider why regeneration has been successful in some areas and not others, and explore the possibility of strategic fencing to reduce deer impacts across the whole forest and the lengths of internal fences required for sensitive restocks. Without strategic boundary deer fencing or close, long term cooperation with neighbours then an increased control effort alone might be a poor





Concept Development

rights held by Argyll Estates on Brenchoillie complicates deer management.

use of resources due to perpetual inward migration. Collaborate and resolve any issues that reduce the effectiveness of deer management with Argyll Estates.

Landscape

The forest has been well restructured over the years and has a diverse: age class, coupe shape, species range and a mix of silvicultural systems. There are a number of readily identified landscape issues arising from the current crop cover which are readily addressed.

Improvements to specific crop landscape features may be delayed due to the requirement to achieve a range of age classes and reduce adjacency issues. Some of the measures taken to enhance the landscape will lead to a reduction in the productive forest area.

Ameliorate the identified landscape crop issues by coupe design and appropriate restructuring. Seek to compensate for any reduction in productive area by expansion of forest across other areas of open ground with lower landscape impacts, subject to factors such as ecology & water.

Heritage

Potential to link both scheduled and unscheduled monuments to the wider access infrastructure via open ground/path extensions/signposting/information boards/leaflets online resources. All of the SM areas are outwith areas of commercial activity due to the nature of

Budgetary constraints and uncertain/low demand limit options. High maintenance costs associated with options. Existing native woodland cover on, or adjacent to, features may impact on the sites integrity and limit access. Access to SMs on islands is problematic.

Follow the UKFS in relation to the Historic Environment. Many of the opportunities identified cannot be implemented due to budgetary constraints, but this situation should be kept under review, particularly if external funding can be accessed by partners such as local community groups.





Concept Development

the ground cover. Broadleaved cover can enhance the setting of the sites. Potential to link historical agricultural features & locations with Auchindrain Township Museum.

Maintaining and increasing age class diversity

Wide range of age classes, with appropriate areas under LISS. Good road network in many areas increases the management options available. Proposed wider species range may also increase the range of rotation lengths that are practicable. Yield class range across SS areas is wide and this can expand the options for rotation length across the forest as a whole. The current diversity of age class provides some protection from extreme storm events which can undermine age class diversity.

SS can have a limited rotation length due to its high growth rate and the typically challenging sites on which it is planted. Extreme storms can reduce the options for diversifying age class. The large areas of slower grown SS with potential as a timber reserve may have stability issues which necessitate large scale felling coupes once these areas are utilised.

Where possible maintain and expand the LISS area. Use a range of species to produce more variable rotation lengths (subject to species/site compatibility). Continue to restructure areas of even age class.

Key Species & Habitats

A wide range of significant species occur across the forest and the management

While the open ground areas are largely well linked as a matrix of open ground and

Maintain the open ground/forest matrix and increase habitat diversity on the upper





Concept Development

of these species can benefit from the landscape scale of the LMP. Many of these key species are dependent on the habitats already established with mixed conifer/NS mature woodland benefiting Red Squirrel, the open ground/forest matrix benefiting a wide range of species including Eagle and Black Grouse and the broadleaved woodland along Loch Awe and in riparian areas benefiting a range of bryophytes and birds such as Redstart & Pied Flycatcher. There is the potential to enhance and expand many of these habitats. Potential for natural regeneration and improvement of moorland flora on upper slopes has been demonstrated by deer fenced enclosures. Large scale fellings on the upper margins can provide transient hunting areas for moorland raptors.

woodland, the native woodland cover is often fragmented. Expansion of native woodland cover by regeneration is limited by deer pressure.

slopes by appropriate expansion of upland Birch type woodland. Strengthen and expand native woodland linkages and move these up the slope to link with upland Birch woodland over time. Expansion of native woodland along the riparian zones is a priority, with the focus being on the Douglas Water & Abhainn a’ Bhealaich.

Red Squirrel The current forest area Some of the mature Increase the LISS area





Concept Development

Stronghold was selected as an area that supports Red Squirrel populations on a landscape scale. Past management & species choice has created areas (mainly within Eredine) that are ideally suited to red squirrels. This offers the opportunity to maintain & expand the area of diverse habitat that provides a resilient long term habitat for red squirrels over fluctuating seeding & coning years. The presence of Pine Martens on site reduces the risk of grey squirrel colonisation.

conifer stands managed as LISS have become degraded due to windblow and require felling and restocking. Large seeded native broadleaved species such as oak and hazel are a key element of the native woodland flora but are identified as potentially undesirable elements of the forest cover. The rationale for this is that although Red Squirrels will travel distances to feed on hazel & oak, they may provide a differentially richer and more accessible feed supply for Grey Squirrels.

to maintain and expand species, age class & structural diversity to increase feed supply resilience. Return felled LISS areas to LISS management as the crop matures. Most of the large seeded broadleaved species are either mature stands or younger naturally regenerated individuals that comprise less than 5% of the forest total. Where plantings of oak or hazel are proposed these shouldn’t be precluded due to the Red Squirrel Stronghold status; however an evaluation on a case by case basis should be undertaken based on the potential overall biodiversity gains & the actual risk of Grey Squirrel colonisation, taking into account the current work on the impact of Pine Martens on Grey Squirrels.

Low Impact Silvicultural Systems (LISS) or Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF)

Established areas of LISS with history of effective management. Good road network, reasonable slopes and good rooting depth in

Many of the LISS areas even on the more sheltered slopes are showing signs of extensive windblow and the mature tree cover is

Assess the current LISS

areas for viability in

terms of tree stability

and regeneration &

understorey, with the

management





Concept Development

places. Range of species on lower slopes.

nearing the end of its viable rotation length. Regeneration is sometimes sporadic with deer resistant SS & Western Hemlock (WH) tending to become dominant. The area suitable for LISS in terms of exposure and current crop is fairly limited.

presumption being in

favour where possible.

Commence early

thinning of younger

crop areas targeted as

future LISS areas where

feasible. Where possible

thin and manage Scots

Pine stands to reduce

potential impacts from

DNB disease.

Strategic Standing Timber reserve

Younger slower growing more wind resilient crops in areas with limited roading.

Areas identified on map M18

These areas have

characteristics which

offer potential for them

to act as a strategic

timber reserve to

facilitate smoothing off

the supply curve, which

aids strategic long

term industries such as

sawmilling. The

dominance of SS, no

Larch, shelter on the

lower slopes with slower

growth rates on the

higher tops all suggest

that the areas have

potential for a

smoother supply of

timber to the market.

The main arterial road

offers scope for a rapid

response if wind blow

becomes an issue, but

the areas are essentially





Concept Development

un-roaded which means

the costs of delaying

harvesting are low and

the lack of thinning

increases stability.



5.0 Forest Design Plan Proposals 5.1 General prescriptions across the composite area. Specific prescriptions for the different forests can be seen in section 5.2

5.1.1 Management Types

Felling/Management Analysis

Management Area Ha % Phase 1: 2017 – 2021 421.26 4% Phase 2: 2021 – 2026 207.45 2% Phase 3: 2027 – 2031 479.86 5% Phase 4: 2032 – 2036 600.29 6% Phase 5: 2037 – 2041 306.62 3% Phase 6: 2042 – 2046 357.80 4% Phase 7: 2047 - 2051 440.23 5% Conifer Long Term Retention 55.73 1% Felled 493.37 5% Low Impact Silvicultural System 218.99 2% Mixed Broadleaved Long Term Retention 224.62 2% Open ground (Internal OS) 1496.36 15% Open ground/severely checked/failed crop 82.32 1% Other Land 1822.87 19% Outside Plan Period 2489.49 26% Total 9697.26 100%

Note: Felling areas shown above indicates stocked area & excludes open ground.

Average Annual felling Volumes by Phase

Clearfelling m³

Thinning m³

Phase 1: 2017 – 2021 134803 11800 Phase 2: 2022 – 2026 66384 10000 Phase 3: 2027 – 2031 153555 12000 Phase 4: 2032 – 2036 192093 4800

Indicative Felling Volumes



Low Impact Silvicultural Systems (LISS) (or Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF)). LISS offers a range of ecological, diversity, amenity & landscape benefits. Sites suitable for LISS need to be sheltered with reasonable soils, well roaded and with generally gentle slopes. There is considerable variation within LISS approaches and systems often need to adapt to circumstances and crucially how regeneration/recruitment is progressing. Shelterwood systems are the most appropriate for the LMP area. Within the plan area both established LISS and younger crops with LISS potential are located within Eredine & Ardchonnel. Brenchoillie has areas with potential high suitability for LISS, but the current crop cover is too old to be brought into LISS management. Planning for thinning is an important element of the LISS process. Thinning intervention in year 15 to year 40 is particularly important to improve the tree crowns and stability for the long term.

DAMS Score



Mixed conifer stand managed as LISS in Eredine with regeneration dominated by SS & WH.

Mixed Conifer LISS provides ideal Red Squirrel habitat by creating diversity in species, age class & structure. The continuity of LISS cover also increases the resilience of the habitat in terms of providing feed and maintaining linkages between forest blocks & coupes. Clearfelling (CF) will be the dominant silvicultural system due to site limitations. Coupe design will seek to work with the landform and scale will vary with larger coupes on the upper slopes scaling to smaller coupes on the lower slopes. Building on the current age class diversity will be an objective, however the fast growth rates associated with the dominant SS cover may limit the options for retaining crops past the standard 30 to 50 year rotation length.



The presumption is that no felling will take place until the neighbouring restock areas have reached 2m. Clearfelling is used as a management approach to remove Larch species where there is Phytopthora infection, and to salvage windblow.

Current coupe layout on upper slopes. Some small areas of older plantation and young crops have been identified as areas of Long Term Retention (LTR). These are often areas of slower grown trees, or young restocks of diverse species. Subsequent plan reviews may move these areas into LISS management or integrate future felling with the surrounding crop as appropriate. Open ground is an important part of the forest plan with extensive hill tops and a matrix of open ground associated with burns & lochans delivering biodiversity and landscape benefits. The intention is to retain most of the areas of open ground but with some slight adjustments to compensate for open ground creation via loss of forest cover. The landscape appraisal has identified areas where removal or



realignment of forest cover will enhance the landscape, and these operations will be carried out as felling commences. New areas of open ground will be created on deep peat sites where there is limited timber production and an ecological priority associated with peat restoration. This will follow the Forests & Peatland Habitats 2000 & Supplementary Guidance 2014, and the Practice Guide: Deciding Future Management for Afforested Deep Peatland 2015. This process has already commenced at Brenchoillie and is linked to the hide and associated recreational infrastructure.

Hide at Loch Sidheannach. Many areas of open ground on the upper slopes have the capacity to regenerate as W4 Upland Birch type woodland if deer impacts can be reduced by increased culling or deer fencing. This woodland type would complement the existing open ground with much of the flora persisting, or indeed being enhanced under the open woodland type envisaged. Upland Birch woods are priority habitats and may also increase prey availability for some upland raptors. Black Grouse in particular could



benefit from an expansion of this habitat associated with areas of open moor and grassland. In terms of other land uses, the open ground within the LMP area has limited scope for integration with any adjacent or additional agricultural activity.

5.1.2 Future Habitats and Species

Permanent native woodland habitats are proposed throughout the woodland. Typically these are riparian corridors including open space and native broadleaved woodland. The objective is to recreate elements of the natural ecocline that would occur with increasing altitude. This would largely consist of upland Oak-Birch woodland (W11 & W17) grading into upland Birch wood (W4). The Native woodland would be focussed on the lowest slopes (W11) and the upper margin (W4) with the

Soil Moisture Regime



riparian zones (W17) providing linkages through the productive conifer mid slope region. The LISS areas will include a wide range of mainly conifer species including Spruces Firs, Pines and Larches (existing crop). There is some scope for productive broadleaves managed as LISS on the lower slopes. Younger LISS areas have a high proportion of Sitka Spruce.

Exposure, poor nutrient status and impeded drainage are factors limiting the choice of productive species at higher elevations, with Sitka Spruce (SS) being the only commercially viable species (see DAMS map on page 49). Birch (predominantly Downy) is well suited to most of the site and would make a positive contribution to biodiversity, however productivity on the upper slopes would be relatively low. Mixtures may also play a role in crop establishment and increasing resilience, and this could include using the shelter of checked SS to establish Birch, Rowan & Willow. Western Hemlock and Noble Fir could be part of the species mix as the upland grades into the lower slopes. On more challenging sites SS & Lodgepole Pine (LP) mixtures can facilitate the establishment and growth of a productive SS crop.

Soil Nutrient Regime



The undulating landform at relatively small scale creates a very variable site in terms of tree suitability. Typically the tops of ridges are rankers grading through ironpans/podzols/peaty gleys to deep peat. The best soils for tree growth are therefore often located along the mid slopes. At lower elevations soil depth increases, exposure declines & a wider range of species become viable options. (potentially WRC, OMS& JCR) Improvements in site productivity may occur across successive rotations, and this could increase both the growth rates of successive crops and the range of species that might be grown. The ESC data suggests that there are challenges for forest establishment across large parts of the LMP area with species choice on many areas being limited to Downy Birch, SS/LP mixtures & Western Hemlock (WH). Adopting this prescription would greatly decrease species diversity & site productivity. The primary limiting factor is soil nutrition. While the site is challenging this model output doesn’t reflect current experience in relation to how species have actually fared across the forest. This may be due to small scale variations in site productivity as detailed above, and a history of site amelioration in terms of fertiliser, ground preparation and drainage. It would be anticipated that improvements in site productivity would accrue across rotations due to the impact of trees on the soil structure, nutrient profile and interception of aerial/particulate nutrients over time. Species such as Birch (BI), Alder (ALD) and Aspen (ASP), being soil improving species, would be anticipated to accelerate this process. Mixtures such as SS and WH or Lodgepole Pine (Alaskan) and SS/BI/ALD/ASP may also play a role in soil improvement for the primary crop and in the provision of mutual shelter.



Second rotation SS on upper slopes of Eredine showing outstanding growth & form. Further down the slopes conditions become more favourable for a wider range of alternative conifer species which could include: Western Hemlock (WH), Norway Spruce (NS), Grand Fir (GF), Douglas Fir (DF), Noble Fir (NF), Scots Pine (SP), European Silver Fir (ESF) and a range of other minor conifers (Western Red Cedar (WRC) Serbian Spruce (OMS) Japanese Cedar (JCR)) as small elements. Many of these species have a proven track record on the site and are capable of growing fast & producing timber with consequent benefits for climate change. The softer diverse conifers are vulnerable to deer damage, although Western Hemlock can display resilience to deer browsing by rapid growth and weight of numbers on regeneration sites. Many of the areas suitable for diverse conifers already carry a LISS crop and as mentioned previously monitoring of regeneration should seek to keep track of which species are developing into the successor crop. Where SS or WH are excessively dominant then though should be given to enrichment planting or other silvicultural interventions to maintain species diversity.



Climate change models suggest that the general trend will be towards a significantly warmer climate with higher winter rainfall and lower rainfall in the summer leading to a partial soil moisture deficit during the summer months. In terms of the next rotation these figures have limited impact on species choice according to ESC models and the short rotation of SS across much of the site further reduces the risk of climatic impacts. However this level of climatic change is likely to interact in the longer term with soil characteristics and this may have a positive impact on soil structure and widen the range of species potentially suitable for the site. There are also threats to the suitability of SS as a timber species if significant summer droughts become the norm. A number of other factors have been considered in addition to ESC data, and these include:

• Current actual growth rates. • Economic value & physical volume production. • Landscape. • Ecology and linkages.

The impact of tree diseases has guided species choice. Phytophthora ramorum in Larch; Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) & Ash Dieback have all had an impact on species choice and crop management across the UK. Within the LMP area Larch and Ash would have played a key role in both landscape and production, but these species are currently unavailable as restocking options. This situation should be reviewed at intervals in light of prevailing guidance.

West Argyll FD LMP provenance guidance chart

Species Guidance SS Improved QSS standard throughout

Alaska (ASS) provenance may be considered (if available) for its slower growing properties in specific locations. i.e Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) in Windfarm renewables developments.

VPSS Limited use in best locations SP High rainfall type specified as standard.

W20 NSP From the nearest appropriate zone near

CFR areas



LP Only ALP being used in mixture with SS on poorer sites

DF Seed stand or coastal origin ESF Czech or central European NF Registered seed stands GF Scottish registered seed stands WH Registered seed stands with low fluting WRC Scottish seed stands NS Seed stands, Eastern European or Harz JCR Northern Japanese range NBL Region of Provenance 10, Native Seed

Zone 106 XC PSSB will advise on any other minor

species Notes: PSSB can provide the most up to date guidance on provenance selection including advice on best suited seed stands. Virtually all seed supplied by PSSB comes from registered seed stands and is based on geographic area compatibility. Use of VPSS has declined as seed orchard QSS improves and this also has a wider genetic base for resilience purposes.

5.1.3 Restructuring Restructuring offers the opportunity to apply the latest principles of sustainable multi-purpose forest design to existing forests. In many cases the primary objective of woodland creation in the past was to optimise timber production, and this was often achieved very successfully, but sometimes compromised landscape and biodiversity. The main purpose of restructuring is to create truly multi-purpose forests meeting a wide range of objectives. In terms of productivity, objectives and perceptions have changed over the last few years, and the maintenance of a forests productive capacity is now considered an imperative in most forests. Clearly each forest has a different set of objectives but the guidance provided in the UK Forestry Standard (UKFS) offers a clear guide to multi-purpose forestry that can be applied to any forest. In summary restructuring offers the opportunity to:

• Enhance landscape • Enhance biodiversity • Increase productivity



• Protect and improve the setting of heritage features • Protect and restore priority habitats • Increase species and age class diversity to increase resilience • Enhance the recreational value of the forest and fine tune woodland layout

and structure to address community needs. Specifically within the LMP area Eredine & Ardchonnel have been extensively restructured over a long time period, so actions proposed within the LMP are a fine tuning and continuation of the restructuring process within the practical parameters set by previous management. Windblow issues require an adaptive approach and this has been implemented in the past. Activity over the next 10 years will not differ greatly from the current plan but specific landscape issues will be addressed. In the longer term the proposals to retain areas of slow grown crop as a timber reserve and to establish areas of upland Birch woodland on the upper slopes have been put forward to meet longer term National timber supply/demand issues, and to retain woodland area while increasing diversity. Brenchoillie being a younger crop has had more limited restructuring history and while many of the factors above apply equally to Brenchoillie, there are wider options available in terms of coupe design and restructuring. Felling relating to recent hydro developments and neighbouring forestry proposals are significant considerations within this part of the LMP. Conifers will be restocked to a minimum density of 2500/ha net plantable area. Broadleaves will be established through natural regeneration to achieve a minimum stocking density of 1100ha over a 5 to 10 year period, and 1100/ha if planted. Assessment of regeneration areas in this plan will be made 5 to 10 years after felling. Full establishment will be achieved by year 15, planting when necessary to supplement natural regeneration.



Mixture of diverse regeneration and planting along the lower slopes of Eredine creates a diverse woodland delivering multiple objectives. Areas of slower growing crop in Brenchoillie will be utilised as a strategic timber reserve with delayed restructuring.

5.1.4 Operational Access

See map M8. The forest is well roaded with access to all the Phase 1 & Phase 2 coupes being served by the current road network. Some road extensions are required for later felling phases, but these are best considered at the next plan review. Windblow or disease impacts may require the construction of new roads not envisaged at this stage. In terms of slope most of the steep areas have been left as open ground. See slope map M7. However there are areas of high landscape/amenity/conservation value along the Loch Awe slopes in Eredine that carry crops where slopes are a



constraint. Many of these areas have been designated as LISS. Felling and management within these areas is problematic particularly with the runout onto the public road along the shore. LISS management within areas of slope needs to be adaptive and a group shelterwood system with felling of 1Ha to 2Ha may be the only practicable way to harvest the steeper slopes.

5.1.5 Thinning plans

Thinning will be undertaken in all areas where there is a benefit to the woodland or it will help deliver the wider management objectives. There is a presumption to thin all crops but there are limitations to thinning due to soils and wind at the higher altitudes and these areas must be avoided. Typically thinning will be undertaken in the mineral soils where the wind is less than DAMS 17. The thinning will normally be undertaken in a 5 year cycle and the detailed areas will be worked up and packaged for sale in the 3 years before thinning. Map M22 indicates the potential thinning areas as determined by exposure, soils and crop characteristics. These areas correlate with areas proposed for LISS.

5.1.6 Deer Management

Deer activity across the forest is negatively correlated with human activity. Many areas on the lower slopes show medium deer impacts with significant regeneration of vulnerable species. On the upper slopes trial enclosures would indicate that deer (and sheep) grazing have a significant impact on regeneration and biodiversity. In addition to potential higher activity in these more secluded areas, the impact on regeneration may also be derived in part by slower growth rates widening the vulnerability window. Restocks of vulnerable species are currently deer fenced. Without the benefit of a strategic march fence around the main forest area any increased culling effort may require close cooperation with neighbours and common objectives in terms of target deer levels in order to achieve cost effective results. Collaboration with Argyll Estates to improve deer control in Brenchoillie and in relation to any strategic deer fencing is essential.



5.1.7 Management of Open Land (see Map M14)

There is extensive open land retained mainly across the hill tops. Timber production is not an option for the highest ground due to the limitations of soil and climate. The agricultural options for these areas is very limited because of the low productivity of the grazing and the layout of the open ground, which is a matrix of open ground and forest. This later feature makes fencing and stock control prohibitively expensive and impracticable. Technological developments such as GPS trackers and activity monitors may reduce the need for fences in future and deliver the required level of animal husbandry/welfare remotely; however the low productivity of the site would still be a factor reducing the agricultural potential.

Open tops beyond the upper limit for forestry. Sheep trespass is an ongoing problem for the forest and maintenance of march stock fences is essential. Restocking should aim to leave an adequate



buffer in relation to fencelines to avoid trees damaging fences following windblow. Consideration of strategic deer fencing options and costs/benefits should consider that a reliable stock fence is required for most of the forest march regardless, and that therefore the additional costs of strategic deer fencing are consequently reduced. The integral open ground delivers a significant part of the forest’s ecological value. High levels of deer grazing has led to a diminution of the ecological value of these areas so increased deer control and/or fencing could deliver ecological benefits for a range of species including Black Grouse, Red Grouse, Mountain Hares and for the predators of these species. Open ground areas in Argyll are often under long term threat from Rhododendron and Sitka Spruce regeneration, and high grazing levels can reduce the rate of establishment of these species, so any enhanced deer control strategy needs to consider this factor. Many of the highest elevations are too exposed for any tree cover and these areas will remain as open ground with minimal management input. Golden Plover, Red Grouse and moorland raptors benefit from these open ground areas. There is an elevation band between the open tops and exposed ridges and the lower forested slopes where montane scrub or upland Birch wood could greatly enhance biodiversity. These areas are currently located on the upper forest margin and in areas of checked SS. The afforestation/conversion of these areas with appropriate native woodland types would deliver multi-purpose benefits including carbon sequestration, expanded priority habitats, maintaining forest cover, ecological benefits and an enhanced landscape. Suppressed/advance regeneration is likely to be present in many areas which could respond quickly to reduced grazing pressure. Juniper is scattered across the site and could become a feature of areas protected from deer grazing. Further trial enclosures within target native woodland creation areas could indicate the potential for natural regeneration, and would be a useful first step in evaluating the proposed sites. Within the LMP the application of the above approach is proposed mainly outwith the plan period, but these proposals could be brought forward if required and subject to budget constraints.



5.1.8 Public Access and Core Paths The core path crossing the forest from Auchindrain to Durran is a mixture of well-defined and not so along part of the route and follows the forest roads for some of its length. The route is lightly used and ill-defined in parts. The path from Auchindrain to the Carron Bothy is widely used by walkers. The South Loch Awe-side Community Company has expressed an interest in improving access to the shoreline of Loch Awe via the provision of woodland walks. These are largely aimed at opening up former path routes which have become overgrown. The development of this project hinges on the ability of the community to source external funding due to budgetary constraints and will be subject to a memorandum of agreement between SLACC and FES. The FC would be supportive of the concept of enhanced shoreline access. Public access is encouraged across the National Forest Estate and this is managed under the Scottish outdoor Access Code.

5.1.9 Heritage Features The Scheduled Monuments (SM) will be managed as per the agreed plans with Historic Environment. Harvesting and woodland management is not proposed within the proximity of any of the SMs. There are a number of unscheduled sites and these are identified on map M4, and these will be protected during operations in line with the UKFS. If new sites are found these will be mapped and recorded and protected from operations.

5.1.10 PAWS Restoration There are a number of areas across the site where there are records existing on the Ancient Woodland Inventory. Ancient of Semi Natural origin (category 1a and 2a) woodlands will be restored as felling progresses. Within the areas identified as Long Established of Plantation origin (LEPO’s 1a, 2b and 3), the proposal is to establish or maintain via LISS areas of mixed broadleaves and mixed conifers.



5.1.11 Critical success factors

Main critical success factors for plan development are:

• Active management of Continuous Cover areas particularly where stand stability is becoming a critical issue. This may involve small clearfells and/or clearfells with seed trees in order to salvage timber from unstable stands and achieve regeneration. Regeneration of many species on the lower slopes is generally good, with deer impacts being focussed on the upper slopes & Brenchoillie.

• Retain the productive capacity of the forest while balancing other factors. • Improve the forest landscape and its impact on key tourist routes along Loch

Fyne, Loch Awe and along key forest roads. • Continue current levels of deer control which have enabled regeneration to occur

in many areas. Consider increasing deer control and/or strategic fencing to facilitate the regeneration of softer conifers under Continuous Cover and Birch/Rowan on the upper margins. Work with Argyll Estates on a joint management approach compatible with objectives.

• Monitor proposed timber reserve areas for stability, and adapt future plans and roading programmes accordingly.

• Clear accessible windblow. • Retain current species diversity on the lower slopes and expand this on the upper

margins where appropriate using predominantly Birch woodland with a wider range of broadleaved species in riparian linkages.

• Maintain external stock fences in partnership with neighbours and control sheep trespass.

• Continue to work with partners to enhance the riparian environments for water quality and fish ecology.

• Work constructively with local community initiatives to enhance recreational routes as opportunities arise. Given budgetary constraints these initiatives are likely to require external funding.

• Monitor invasive species along Loch Awe, in particular Rhododendron & Japanese Knotweed and control as required.

• Utilise Western Hemlock in Continuous Cover areas, but monitor and control this element in broadleaved areas as resources allow.

• Monitor current peat restoration work and identify future opportunities during post felling operational planning. Future opportunities would be identified based on the FC Practice Guide “Deciding future management options for afforested deep peatland” & supplementary guidance.

• Protect public & private water supplies within the forest. • Monitor disease impacts in particular Dothistroma Needle Blight (DNB) in the

Ardchonnel area.



• Seek to improve the water quality status of failing water bodies where this is impacted by forestry management.

• Work to maintain and enhance the forests contribution to its Red Squirrel Stronghold status by maintaining a diverse range of conifers with a strong element of Norway Spruce managed under LISS.

• Protect and enhance the setting of Archaeological sites including both Scheduled & Unscheduled Monuments.



5.2 Ardchonnel Land Management Plan

Site Specific Features. Three Scheduled Monuments:

• Ardchonnel Castle & Island of Innis Chonnel, Loch Awe • Ardchonnel, Long Cairn • Innis Chonnel Crannog

Both monuments are managed under Management Plans agreed with Historic Scotland. The castle lies on an Island which limits interventions or the possibility of damage. The Long Cairn is located within a generous area of open ground with its setting enhanced by scattered broadleaves and views out across Loch Awe. Rhododendron present through the loch side woods, but restrained by conifer canopy in places. Western Hemlock is present throughout the lower parts of the wood with abundant regeneration present. Ancient Semi Natural Woodland (ASNW) & Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS) areas present and partially restored. Red Squirrel, Barn Owls, raptors and potentially Black Grouse present. Areas of Juniper occur along upper margin. Landscape sensitivity arising from isolated upper block and some forest margins at odds with landform. Adjacent native woodland creation schemes will further enhance linkages with lochside woodland. No water supplies present but Hydro scheme completed at Balliemenoch. Water quality is good. WH may need to be controlled to facilitate regeneration of native broadleaves. This is particularly relevant within the PAWS areas. WH can impede access when young, but as it matures thinned crops can facilitate access by reduced ground cover. The dense shade cast by WH can also suppress and compartmentalise rhododendron and other invasive non-native species.



Small retentions of Norway spruce (NS), Larch (L) and Scots pine (SP) complement the landscape at lower elevations but at higher elevations fail to match landscape scale. However these retentions provide ecological/diversity benefits and are becoming less prominent as the 1998 restocks begin to develop in the landscape. There may be potential for wind or hydro renewable energy generation on parts of the site. There is no road access or current activity within the upper block. Management Proposals There is limited scope for integration with agriculture or other rural businesses. The area has low recreational use, although the Loch shore is used for fishing. Scope for further renewable development is restricted. The upper block comprises of mostly a relatively slow growing mixed crop of Sitka Spruce & Lodgepole pine. The Sitka Spruce is beginning to out-compete the Lodgepole Pine. Over time this should lead to a reasonable final crop dominated by Sitka Spruce. Given the relatively slow growing nature of the crop and the self-thinning mixture then it is proposed to defer felling of this upper block, and this will also reduce roading costs. The block should be monitored for DNB & windblow and the felling phase brought forward if required. A gradual progression of DNB in the block could enhance the site for the Sitka Spruce element with the senescing Lodgepole Pine providing nutrients and increased light levels for the Sitka Spruce while maintaining an element of physical support and stability. It is proposed to retain the broadleaved element and fell conifers with small coupes on the lower slopes grading to larger coupes on the upper slopes. This approach matches the current distribution of standing crop. Restructuring will include increased areas of Native Broadleaves (NBL) on the lower slopes and along water courses. Mixed conifers will be established on the lower/mid slopes grading into Sitka Spruce, Scots Pine & Birch on the upper slopes. Juniper may establish well amongst the Scots Pine & Birch areas if protected from deer damage. Deer fencing/fence renewal is feasible for the perimeter of the two blocks. The lower part of the wood has potential for LISS as the young crops mature and these areas should be considered for thinning at next plan review.



5.3 Brenchoillie Land Management Plan

Site Specific Features. Geological SSSI: Craignure Mine. Cleared of conifer crop under agreement with SNH.

Numerous Unscheduled Monuments mainly related to agricultural activity.

Limited Rhododendron along eastern margin close to dwellings. Threat of Japanese Knot Weed from roadside margin and coastal colonisation. Ancient Semi Natural Woodland (ASNW) & Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS) areas present and partially restored. Significant areas of Native woodland focussed on riparian zones with the Douglas Water being a priority area for restoration & expansion of Native woodland. Peatland restoration ongoing, and linked to observation hide and wetland restoration around Loch Sidheannach. Powerline wayleave, windfarm & HEP infrastructure present across the site. Red Squirrel, divers, raptors and Black Grouse are present. Areas of Juniper on crags. Extensive areas of open ground focussed on main ridge running through the forest with generous open ground around lochans. Landscape sensitivity mainly from tufts of conifers impacting on ridgelines and disrupting unity of landform features. The matrix of open ground and forest creates a generally positive landscape impact. The Inveraray Designed Landscape lies to the NE of the LMP area and 33Ha of the NE tip of the forest lies within the West Loch Fyne Area of Great Landscape Value (AGLV). Linkage with adjacent woodland is a significant factor, with many of the dominant landscape impacts being determined by forestry management on neighbouring ground. The forest is prominent in more distant views from the east shore of Loch Fyne. No private water supplies present but Hydro schemes at varying stages of completion and public water supply for Inveraray located at Loch Righeachan.



Water quality is classed as bad for burns leading from the forest, however most of the causal factors are outside the control of the LMP & include HEP & vegetation cover outwith the LMP area. Active felling has commenced along the lower slopes with restocking taking place. Much of the forest cover on the upper slopes has a lower growth rate and there is limited access for management & harvesting for many areas. The main road linkages have been established often linked to renewable energy generation activity. The poor access makes deer control difficult in some areas and this is reflected in deer activity. The An Suidhe windfarm and hydro schemes make a significant contribution to renewable energy and income generation. The area is a recreational asset for homes and holiday lets along Loch Fyne. The road network, via connections with Eredine creates a range of circular routes with fine views and wildlife watching opportunities for walkers and cyclists. The core path from Auchindrain to Durran is lightly used. The hill lochans are fished by more active anglers with small brown trout being the quarry. The hill bothy at Carron just across the SW march is a popular destination for walkers and can be accessed via the forest. Management Proposals There is limited scope for integration with agriculture, but there is an existing synergistic relationship with Auchindrain Township Museum and this should be maintained. The forest provides a recreational resource for a wide range of local tourist businesses as you would expect from a multi-purpose forest. Scope for further renewable development is restricted. Continue to explore potential for further peat restoration and creation of Upland Birch woods in line with peat policy. There is currently no potential for LISS on site due to exposure and the crop age within sites that are sheltered. Younger crops that will be progressively restocked on these more sheltered sites could be LISS candidates, but this doesn’t need to be considered until well past the next plan review. Continue phased felling to increase diversity, with smaller coupes on the lower ground grading to larger coupes on the uplands.



Defer fellings of slower growing areas with high roading costs to assist with reducing the future supply/demand fluctuation. Monitor these areas for windblow and performance and amend plan as required. Final large scale felling coupes will be required within these volume storage areas.

Enhance riparian areas with open ground, improved NBL linkages & larger areas of native woodland within catchments. Much of the current riparian ground is more than adequate to protect water quality and the addition of a NBL element could provide a number of advantages including dappled shade, higher water quality, increased nutrient status and provision of adventitious feed for fish. There is scope for an expansion of Upland Birchwood across areas on the upper slopes that are currently either open ground or heavily checked SS. Species diversity will be increased across suitable sites on the lower slopes, but SS will remain the dominant commercial species. Deer control needs to be considered across the LMP area as a whole and is discussed in section 5.1.6. Effective control within Brenchoillie needs to be carried out in conjunction with Argyll Estates due to the retention of sporting rights by the Estate.

5.4 Eredine Land Management Plan

Site Specific Features. Two Scheduled Monuments:

• Innis Erich Chapel & Burial Ground • Barr Mor Dun

Numerous unscheduled ancient monuments mainly related to agricultural activity.

Rhododendron along shoreline with potential for expansion across broadleaved restocks and open ground. Some Japanese Knot Weed is present at Durran and control of this in collaboration with the Loch Awe Improvement Association should be a priority.



Ancient Semi Natural Woodland (ASNW) & Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS) areas present and partially restored. Significant areas of Native woodland focussed on riparian zones. Abundant NBL regeneration present on the lower slopes. HEP infrastructure present across the site. An Suidhe windfarm is technically located within Eredine, but is accessed via Brenchoillie and has been included in the Brenchoillie section for this reason. HEP infrastructure is shown in map M12. Additionally a number of operational hydro schemes exist within the LMP area. Red Squirrel, divers and raptors are present. Extensive areas of open ground focussed on high ground either side of Abhainn a’ Bhealaich with generous open ground around lochans. The forest has been extensively restructured with a range of coupe sizes reflecting landscape scale. This has had a positive landscape impact and sets a template for further fellings. Some relatively minor landscape issues as identified in map M15b will be addressed by the proposed felling and restock proposals. Coupe size has had to have been increased in places due to windblow. Large areas of LISS have been successfully managed along the Loch shore & slopes, but some are showing instability due to height. Lochside NBL cover provides good linkages with the forest in terms of landscape and ecology. Private water supplies present with Eredine village drawing a community supply from the forest. Abhainn a’ Bhealaich is classed as moderate status, and Kames water classed as good. Forestry and riparian vegetation is a factor in the condition of Abhainn a’ Bhealaich and this will be addressed in the LMP. Deer control is good across the site and access to most areas is good. The forest road network is largely complete, with no new roads required in the next ten years of the plan. Road extensions will be required to harvest some of the slower growing crops on the upper margins. As with Brenchoillie these areas have potential to act as strategic timber reserves subject to stability.



The area is a recreational asset for homes and holiday lets along Loch Awe. The road network, via connections with Brenchoillie creates a range of circular routes with fine views and wildlife watching opportunities for walkers and cyclists. The core path from Auchindrain to Durran is lightly used but waymarked. The hill lochans are fished by more active anglers with small brown trout being the quarry. Management Proposals There is limited scope for integration with agriculture. The forest provides a recreational resource for a wide range of local tourist businesses as you would expect from a multi-purpose forest. Scope for further renewable development is restricted. The LISS areas will be reviewed and felled where stability has become a limiting factor. New areas of younger crops will be brought into LISS management on appropriate sites to maintain the LISS area. Continue phased felling to increase diversity, with smaller coupes on the lower ground grading to larger coupes on the uplands. The felling template is largely fixed by historical felling and restock activity. The crop landscape issue identified in map M15b will be addressed during felling and restocking.

Enhance riparian areas with open ground, improved NBL linkages & larger areas of native woodland within catchments. Much of the current riparian ground is more than adequate to protect water quality and the addition of a NBL element could provide a number of advantages including dappled shade, higher water quality, increased nutrient status and provision of adventitious feed for fish. There is scope for an expansion of Upland Birchwood across areas on the upper slopes that are currently either open ground or heavily checked SS. Species diversity will be increased across suitable sites on the lower slopes, but SS will remain the dominant commercial species on the upper slopes. Deer control needs to be considered across the LMP area as a whole and is discussed in section 5.1.9.





Appendix 1: Glossary

ABC Argyll & Bute Council ASNW Ancient Semi-natural Woodland ATC Alternative to clearfell management BAP Biodiversity action plan BL Broadleaved Trees CFR Caledonian Forest Reserve DAMS Detailed Aspect Method of Scoring (measures

exposure) FCS Forestry Commission Scotland FD Forest District FDP Forest design plan FES Forest Enterprise Scotland GIS Geographical Information System HAP Habitat action plan HES Historic Environment Scotland H&S Health & Safety LISS Low Impact Silvicultural System LMP Land Management Plan LLTNP Loch Lomond & the Trossachs National Park MBL Mixed Broadleaved Trees MFST Millennium Forest for Scotland Trust NCCS Nature Conservancy Council Scotland NFE National Forest Estate NNR National Nature Reserve NSA National Scenic Area PAWS Plantation on Ancient Woodland Sites RSPB Royal Society for the Protection of Birds SAC Special Area of Conservation SM Scheduled Monument SEPA Scottish Environmental Protection Agency SNH Scottish Natural Heritage SDA Stocking Density Assessment SLCC South Loch Aweside Community Council SOAC Scottish Outdoor Access Code SPA Special Protection Area SSE Scottish & Southern Energy SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest



SWT Scottish Wildlife Trust UKFS UK Forestry Standard UKWAS UK Woodland Assurance Scheme WAFD West Argyll Forest District WFD Water Framework Directive WoSAS West of Scotland Archaeology Service YC Yield Class

Appendix 2: Supplementary Information

Available for inspection at:

West Argyll Forest District Whitegates Lochgilphead Argyll PA31 8RS Tel: 0300 067 6650 Email: [email protected]

Documentation includes:-

• Roadline surveys • Production Forecast 2016 • Sub-compartment database • Conservation plan • Landscape Character Assessment by SNH • Aerial photos • Forestry Guidelines • Recreation Plan • District Strategic Plan • Forestry Commission approval procedures • Scheduled Monument Plans • Inventory of Ancient, long-established and semi-natural

woodland (NCCS) • Economic felling ages • Soil surveys • Crop survey




Appendix 3: Landscape Character Assessment Ardchonnel, Brenchoille and Eredine Land Management Plan, Landscape Character Assessment. In addition to utilising the national SNH Landscape Character Assessment, the Land Management Plan (LMP) also draws on a Landscape Character Assessment drawn up specifically for the LMP area SNH Landscape character assessment The LMP area is covered by the SNH Landscape Character Assessment No.78 covering Argyll & the Firth of Clyde. It divides the LMP area into two landscape types: Upland Forest-Moor Mosaic & Craggy Upland. Upland Forest Moor Mosaic: Key characteristics: Upland plateau, rounded ridges, craggy outcrops and irregular slope profile. Winding glens and wider river valleys. Extensive large scale mosaic of forestry with small areas of moorland. Key Issues: Conservation of distinctive, small scale features. Guidelines: Preserve contrast between large scale forestry on the upper slopes and smaller scale features on lower slopes. Use broadleaves at transition areas. Retain matrix of open ground and plantation. Create wildlife corridors. Enhance views from roads. Craggy Upland: Key characteristics: Upland moor with irregular, rather amorphous landform. Rounded knolls, rock outcrops & lochans. Moorland dominant with extensive conifer plantations. Oak/birch woodland on lower slopes. Key Issues: None relevant to forestry. Guidelines: Extend broadleaves and emphasise irregularities in landform. Land Management Plan area Specific Landscape Character Assessment The LMP area & location is shown in map M1: Location & Viewpoints.



Map M6: Terrain & Landform Analysis, gives an overview of landform. Reference should also be made to Maps M15a: Landscape Analysis: Landscape Character Type & M15b: Landscape Analysis: Tree Cover Issues The LMP area lies between Loch Awe and Loch Fyne with the landform running from the SW to the NE in a series of ridges and dips in an undulating landform. For the purposes of the LMP LCT analysis the area has been divided into 4 types: Loch Awe Slopes, Loch Fyne Slopes, Central Lochan Area & Abhainn a’ Bheallaich & Douglas Water; see map M15a for the location of these areas. Loch Awe Slopes

• The landform is of medium scale. Generally the slopes are facing NW, aligned with and alongside Loch Awe. The slopes to the SW of this zone are very steep and relatively smooth and even, but have small terraces within them. The further NE, the gentler and more irregular and complex the slopes become.

• The soils are rich, and there are few signs of exposed rock. • Watercourses abound across these slopes. Two major water courses cut

across the main block: Abhainn A’ Bheallaich, and Kames river. These run perpendicular to Loch Awe, and drop steeply, sometimes in waterfalls through deep steep sided gorges, preventing any access across them. The two Archonnel blocks also have watercourses, Allt Blarghour, and Allt Beochlich. These are very steep with waterfalls in fairly steep sided gorges too, but run along the boundaries, and produce less access issues. Fairly straight smaller burns run roughly every 30-40m’s straight into Loch Awe, or run parallel to Loch Awe, running into the rivers. Some of these are also incised, but most are still passable

• The richer soils allow a wider diversity of species along the face, especially on the lower slopes, where mature MB proliferate. The boundary of the forest for the most part reaches the shores of Loch Awe, with just a few private groups of buildings and associated open land, Braevallich Durran and Eredine, breaking up the forested slopes.

• The few buildings and infrastructure there is tends to be clustered along the side of the Loch, next to the B840. The buildings and associated open land are partly enclosed by the forest and may require shelter, and more localised forestry interventions.

• The B840 is a minor, single track road, which is as sinuous and winding as the landform. The forest roads zig zag their way up the step gorge slopes, only joining together at higher altitude where the gorges are less severe.



• Another aspect of infrastructure is hydro schemes, of which there are many, using the steep ground for the force of water. This has introduced buildings and other features higher up the slopes, away from the more traditional loch side clustering.

• The views of this face from the other side of Loch Awe are important as this is a popular tourist route. Extensive restructuring has created a diverse forest landscape with coupes sitting well in the landscape, although there are some areas where coupe shape and external margin conflicts with landform. Extensive windblow is visible from the west side of Loch Awe.

• There are a number of informal walks, but these can be constrained by slope. Some paths provide access to water supplies. Fallen timber in the continuous cover areas can cause access problems on unofficial paths. The Community Development Trust is evaluating creating a short Loch side walk to improve access to the Loch Shore.

• There are a range of Scheduled Monuments associated with the shores of Loch Awe and the Islands. These generally carry a woodland cover of mature native woodland.

Loch Fyne Slopes

• The landform is of medium scale. Generally the slopes are SE facing. The slopes vary in gradient from gentle slopes lower down to steep slopes with localised craggy tops, exposed rock and scree slopes. The LMP are is sheltered from the S and SE by adjoining private land of fairly gentle hills.

• Douglas Water runs perpendicular to the general lay of the land, before curving right round to run parallel in the higher slopes. It has a steep sided gorge. Numerous small watercourses starting on the steeper slopes become more sinuous on the gentler slopes before running into Abhaine Bhuidha, and Abhainn Dubhan running along the boundary line in the SW of this zone, and Douglas Water to the NE. Few of these are incised.

• The LMP boundary is approximately 3 to 0.5kms from Loch Fyne, with private land of mainly forestry on the gentle hills in between. The LMP area is predominantly even aged Sitka Spruce in sections across the zone, leaving few green edges to fell to.

• There is limited open ground in this zone, apart from clear fell coupes. The boundary is complex, with mainly open sometimes steeper land being out with the LMP area, although there is also some conifer plantation on adjacent private land.



• Clustered close to the A83, there are a few private buildings and associated open land partly enclosed by the forest, that may require shelter and more localised forestry interventions.

• The NFE boundary touches the A83 in 3 places of short length. While the LMP area runs roughly parallel with the banks of Loch Fyne, there is usually neighbouring land in between, often obscuring views of the forest.

• This face is relatively well roaded with forest roads. Douglas Water restrict access running right across the face, but a crossing point is established on higher slopes, where the gorge is no longer so steep.

• A large power line cuts through the forest in this zone, with the straight wayleave edges emphasising the power line. It is proposed that this will be rerouted, but a definite line has not yet been established.

• Another aspect of infrastructure is hydro schemes, of which there are many, using the steep ground for the force of water. This has introduced buildings and other features higher up the slopes, away from the more traditional loch side clustering.

• There are limited views of this face of the forest from the A83 and views from the east shores of Loch Fyne are distant. Much of the visible forestry in the area of Auchindrain is on neighbouring land and outwith the LMP. Conifers sky lining along the ridge line above Auchindrain have been progressively removed under the current plan, but elements still remain. The A83 is an important tourist route, and is considered to be a visitor zone where it interacts with the forest, requiring more detailed forestry work.

Central Lochan Area

• The landform in the central area is small to medium scale. Generally, the slopes are aligned from the SW to the NE in a series of ridges and dips in an undulating landform. The steeper slopes face NW or SE, and the shallower slopes face SW or NE, creating a series of elongated oval hills. The top of these hills are very craggy with exposed rock and scree. They create craggy ridges, which physically divide the forest.

• In the undulating ground are hollows containing lochs, or smaller lochans. There are a series of small watercourses interconnecting these lochs and lochans before eventually draining into the larger watercourses cutting across the forest.

• Creating a productive forest in this landscape is challenging with a limited range of species suitable for much of the area, although sheltered pockets of better soils occur across the site.

• Apart from the forest, there are exposed ridgelines rock and scree, large tracts of open land with some sporadic Sitka Spruce regeneration creeping



in, and many lochs and lochans. The open ground forms a valuable matrix contributing very positively to ecology & landscape. Small trail deer fenced areas show vigorous heather growth and good regeneration of birch and rowan.

• Much of the slower growing areas have limited roading. • The major infrastructure in this zone is the wind farm to the North of the

zone which is visible across the wider landscape, however much of this area has limited visibility.

• Recreational opportunities exist along the routes of the many forest roads with a range of picnic sites and fine viewpoints of both the forest and the surrounding landscape. Extensive restructuring has created a diverse landscape with wide open vistas and more enclosed sections. Wildlife watching opportunities are very good with a range of iconic wildlife being present in the forest. A core path runs across the LMP area linking Auchindrain with Durran.

Abhainn A’ Bheallaich and Douglas Water

• This zone is in two parts reflecting the two catchments flowing into Loch Awe and Loch Fyne. The gorges created by Abhainn A’ Bheallaich and Douglas Water are very steep sided, enclosed and inaccessible. They both are linear, medium to small scale, running in a SW-NE direction at the top, before turning 90 degrees to head straight down to Loch Awe and Loch Fyne respectively.

• The two watercourses meander, before gathering force from the water from all the tributaries. As they turn and head for the loch, the speed and force intensifies, and the gorges deepen, creating a series of waterfalls.

• The gorges create shelter for a wide diversity of trees. The inaccessibility also causes reduced grazing, allowing native broadleaves to take a hold up much of the length of the water courses.

• There is limited open space in this zone. What there is tends to be as transitory felling coupes.

• Abhainn A’ Bheallaich is well roaded, with roads following both sides of the gorge until they eventually meet on higher less steep ground. Douglas Water is well roaded on the West, crossing over on less steep ground. It is served adequately lower down on the East, but the steepness of the gorge does cause some issues of accessibility to the forest on both sides.

• In terms of recreation, the forest roads, core path follow either side of Abhainn A’ Bheallaich. A number of car parks, viewpoints, picnic areas and a



wildlife hide lie within the forest. Douglas water does not have the same level of recreation.

• Both Abhainn A’ Bheallaich and Douglas Water have hydro schemes associated with them, as do other water courses locally. This has introduced minor structures away from the more traditional cluster of buildings and infrastructure along the loch shores.



Appendix 4: Scoping Invitation Letter

Dear Sir/Madam Review of Ardchonnel, Brenchoillie & Eredine Land Management Plan

22/05/2015

We are currently in the process of reviewing the land management plan for the FCS landholding detailed above, a location map and background information is attached.

Work has already commenced on this new plan and I am very keen to gauge the views, issues and aspirations of our key stakeholders and any other party who may have an interest in the area of this land management plan. The new land management plan will attempt to achieve a balance between our obligations to promote health, access and wellbeing; an economically viable, sustainable, quality timber resource; coherent landscape design, hydro renewables development and the environmental and ecological improvement of the land we manage.

If you wish to contribute to the process could you please send your submission within 28 days of the date of this letter. (22nd May 2015) Obviously this does not preclude you from responding at anytime within or out with the review if you want to bring any issues to our attention.

There is a drop in consultation event being held at Auchindrain Township Museum on the 25th June from 7pm to 9pm if you would like to hear more about the process, or talk over any issues with FC staff.

If you would like to discuss this further please do not hesitate to contact me either by phone or email.

Kind Regards,

Tommy McGrory Forest Officer - Planning Forestry Commission West Argyll Forest District Whitegates Lochgilphead PA31 8RS

[email protected] +44 (0)1546 602518 (Switchboard)


Ardchonnel, Brenchoillie & Eredine Land Management Plan 2017 - 2026


Appendix 5: Consultation Record External Stakeholders. Internal stakeholder meetings were also held with all departments involved, and internal consultation has been ongoing. Statutory Consultee Date Contacted Date

Response Received

Issue Raised Forest District Response

Argyll & Bute Council (ABC): Access

22/05/2015 None

ABC: Traffic & Development

22/05/2015 None

SNH 22/05/2015 None

Neighbours Date Contacted Date Response Received


Achnagoul Allt Sobhrachan Hydro Ardchonnel Farm Argyll Estates Auchindrain Township Museum Auchnabreac Barmore Barr Mor Barvrack

22/05/2015 No postal responses received but many neighbours attended the drop in session at Auchindrain (see below)



Blarghour Braevallich Farm Braevalich House Braevallich Hydro Bralecken Brenchoillie Cumlodden Estate Douglas Water Hydro Durran Fincairn Fich Hatchery Horsepark Cottage Kames Hydro Killean Leacann Hydro New Build 1 New Build 2 Old Schoolhouse Portinnisherich Bralecken Feoran Old School House 2 Auchinbreac South Cromalt Argyll Caravan Park Argyll Adventures House @ Geodh’ a Mheoig Brackenburn



Durran House School House Primary School House by Pier @Ardchonnel Brackan Upper Braevallich

Community Groups Date Contacted Date Response Received


Furnace Community Council 22/05/2015 None

Glen Orchy & Innishail Community Council

22/05/2015 None

Inveraray Community Council 22/05/2015 None

South Loch Aweside Community Council

22/05/2015 None

West Loch Fyne Community Council

22/05/2015 None

Others Date Contacted Date Response Received


Argyll Fisheries Trust 22/05/2015 None

Argyll District Salmon Fisheries Board

22/05/2015 None

Argyll Timber Transport Group 22/05/2015 None

Gilkes Energy Ltd 22/05/2015 None

Historic Scotland 22/05/2015 None

Loch Awe Improvement Association

22/05/2015 None

SEPA 22/05/2015 None



SGRPID 22/05/2015 None

WoSAS 22/05/2015 None

Scoping Meetings Date Contacted Date Response Received


Evening drop-in scoping session at Auchindrain. 14 neighbours attended the meeting

25/06/2015 (meeting date)

Appreciative of the opportunity to be involved & interested in process. Red Squirrel & wildlife across the site were a valued asset around houses & settlements and via the Forest Drive. The specimen trees and LISS areas were valued, but fallen timber and potentially hazardous trees close to Eredine (NM971092) in particular were seen as an issue. The blocking of paths and access routes close to the village by fallen trees & thick regen was considered a problem. Access to water supply filters etc was restricted by windblow.

The Community were looking at obtaining funding to open up the old Lochside drove road as an additional walking route for residents, and here WH regen was seen as an issue.

Interest in routes leading to loch linked to drove road path.

Water supply quality was considered

The District welcomed the good turnout and engagement. Ecological enhancement and protection of priority species are key objectives of the LMP. Ops notified of blockages. LISS management and amended felling plans drawn up to remove unstable LISS areas close to village. FC supportive of enhanced community access, but constrained by budgets. WH regeneration may be best dealt with post canopy closure & self thinning in relation to



to have improved following restructuring.

Boundary query for north march of southern Ardchonnel block, does it extend to Allt Blarghour burn?

Stock fencing issues to north of Auchindrain and at SW end of Brenchoillie. Blown trees down on fence & stock trespass.

WH was colonising NBL/OG riparian zones that had been created near to Eredine village.

ROW across forests, any proposals to enhance sections of this route? (Either side of Loch Leacann & around Durran).

path access. Continue restructuring in line with UKFS and water guidelines. Refer to Estates dept. Liaise with neighbours on fencing to ensure all march fences are stock proof. At restructuring leave margin to ensure future windblow does not damage fencelines. See above. FC supportive of enhanced community access, but constrained by budgets.



Appendix 6: Tolerance Table

Tolerance Table for West Argyll Forest District

Area or Zone

Action required

Adjustment to coupe boundaries (to a limit of 20% of coupe area)

Timing of restocking (years after felling)

Changes to species (in excess of 25% change)

Windblow clearance (ha>40% blown)

Changes to roadlines (m from centre line)

Native woodland areas

Exchange of letters

1.5ha 5 yrs No threshold 0.5ha native species. 5ha conifer

50m*

Plan amendment

3.0ha 10yrs** No threshold 10ha conifer 100m

Landscape sensitive areas***

Exchange of letters

0.5ha 3 yrs Between evergreen and deciduous conifer species. No threshold for native species.

2ha conifer 50m

Plan amendment


5ha conifer 100m

Low sensitivity areas****

Exchange of letters


5ha conifer 200m

Plan amendment


10ha conifer 400m



* Any impact on existing ancient woodland will be agreed with no threshold

** Due to preference for natural regeneration

*** Includes all landscape designation areas, e.g. NSA’s, designed landscapes, plus WIAT, community woodlands and FD Strategic

Planning Landscape Zone

**** All other areas not included in other zones. Localised environmental sensitivities within the zone will be covered under existing

management plans. Consultation on these sites will be undertaken as part of the normal approval process and methods detailed in

work plans.

Note: Any increase in open space will be subject to EIA thresholds for deforestation unless part of normal process of forest

restructuring

Documents

East Loch Awe - forestryandland.gov.scot€¦ · East Loch Awe Land Management Plan - 2017 - 2026 11 | East Loch Awe | Ian Thomas | 2017 - 2026 Extensive establishment of upland Birch