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EBOLA. Comparative Virology October 2005. KARAN CHOPRA. MOHAN BOLISETTY. Virus Classification. Group : Group V (-)ssRNA . Order : Mononegavirales Family : Filoviridae Genus : Ebolavirus Ebola’s natural reservoir is unknown. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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KARAN CHOPRA MOHAN BOLISETTY
Comparative VirologyOctober 2005
Virus Classification
Group: Group V (-)ssRNA. Order:Mononegavirales
Family:Filoviridae Genus:Ebolavirus
• Ebola’s natural reservoir is unknown.• Non human primates have been the source of
human infections but are not thought to be the reservoirs.
History
• Named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), near
the first epidemics. • Two species were identified in 1976:
– Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and
– Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV)
• Case fatality rates of 83% and 54% respectively.• A third species, Reston ebolavirus (REBOV), was
discovered in November 1989 in a group of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from the Philippines.
• Ivory Coast ebolavirus – Only one case. Unlucky scientist.
OUTBREAKSEBOLA Saga
Saga Continues
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebotabl.htm
Most Recent
• April 25 – June 16 2005 total of 12 cases including 9 deaths were reported in Etoumbi and Mbomo in the Cuvette Quest Region.
Modes of Transmission
There are 3 modes of infection:
1. Unsterilized needles2. Suboptimal Hospital
conditions3. Personal contact
http://www.ecplanet.com/pic/2003/12/1071257871/ebola.jpg
Symptoms
• Onset of fever.
• Intense weakness.
• Muscle Pain.
• Headache.
• Soar Throat.
• Vommitting, Diarrhoea.
• Impaired Kidnay and liver function.
Is There a Cure?
• There are no known curative medications for Ebola.
• However, there have been very recent developments in preventative medications.
Vaccines
• In June, Jones and his colleagues, Dr. Heinz Feldmann of Winnipeg and Dr. Thomas Geisbert at Fort Detrick, Maryland announced that they had successfully vaccinated monkeys against the deadly Ebola virus
• The Ebola vaccine is based on the 1976 strain of the Zaire species and protects from the 1995, but not the other 2 species that affect humans.
Bioterrorism
• Airborne transmission of Ebola Zaire has been demonstrated in monkeys in a controlled laboratory experiment
• Plum Island…?
Conclusion
• Even though scientists have recently made breakthroughs there is still need for extensive research to find vaccines and cures for this deadly virus.
References
• www.wikipidea.com
• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebotabl.htm
• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/
• Hampton, Tracy. Vaccines Against Ebola and Marburg Viruses Show Promise in Primates Studies. Maedical News and Perspectives. JAMA. Vol. 294 No. 2 July 2005.
• Jones, Steven. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nature Medicine. Vol. 11 No. 7 July 2005.