EBS HEADSTARTd1anutt72n1dwl.cloudfront.net/course/1421287558.83_EBS... · 2015-01-15 · EBS HEADSTART in translation head |start [sing.]~ (on/over sb)( ) 남보다 일찍 시작해서

EBS HEADSTART

in translationhead |start

남보다 일찍 시작해서 갖게 되는 유리함[sing.]~ (on/over sb)( )

by JINNy

2015 WINter

순 대분류 순 소분류 출현 빈도 정답 빈도

1 동사

1) 등위접속사 회13 4 / 9

2) 문장의 기본 회26 6 / 6

3) 능동 수동VS 회42 4 / 26

4) 수일치 회19 3 / 6

5) 앞의 동사와의 관계 회4 0 / 1

6) 시제 회7 0 / 7

2관계 대명사 관계 부사 / /

접속사

1) 관계대명사 관계부사 접속사/ / 회23 4 / 12

2) 관계대명사 what 회11 1 / 3

3) 접속사 that 회11 0 / 7

4) because VS why 회1 0 / 1

5) if (whether) VS that 회1 0 / 1

6) 강조구문it ~ that 회1 0 / 1

3 대명사

1) 대명사 기본 회14 0 / 12

2) 재귀대명사 회9 3 / 7

3) 대명사 관계대명사VS 회5 1 / 1

4) 대명사 that 회2 0 / 0

5) 구동사 이어동사( ) 회2 0 / 2

6)가주어 진주어/

가목적어 진목적어/ 회1 0 / 1

4 형용사 부사VS

1) 형용사 부사VS 회14 0 / 8

2) 혼동하기 쉬운 형용사 부사/ 회2 0 / 2

3) 형용사 부사 강조/ 회2 0 / 2

5 도치

1) 조동사 주어So (Nor) + + 회5 1 / 5

2) 조동사 주어that (as) + + 회3 2 / 3

3) 가정법 생략if 회3 0 / 2

4) 보어 도치 회3 0 / 2

5) 부사구 도치 회1 0 / 1

6 부정사to

1) 형용사적 용법 회4 0 / 32) 부사적 용법 회3 0 / 1

3)가주어 진주어/

가목적어 진목적어/ 회2 0 / 2

4) 부정사 전치사 to VS to 회1 1 / 1

7 동명사1) 전치사의 목적어 회6 2 / 52) 동명사 명사VS 회1 0 / 0

8 의문사1) 의문대명사 의문부사VS 회5 0 / 42) 의문사의 격 회1 0 / 0

9 조동사1) 대동사 회3 0 / 02) 조동사 기본 회1 0 / 0

10 접속사 전치사VS 1) 접속사 전치사VS 회4 0 / 2

11 복합관계사1) 복합관계사 회2 0 / 12) 관계사 복합관계사VS 회1 0 / 0

12 Such VS So 1) Such VS So 회2 0 / 013 like VS likely VS alike 1) like VS likely VS alike 회2 0 / 0계 개 대분류13 계 개 소분류41

3

주어 앞 수식어구 유형 ϭ

시간 상황표현의 전치사구1) , 이유 목적의 부사구2) , 부사절 접속사3) 준동사 주어4) 주어와 동사구별이 모호한 경우5)

다음 문장의 주어를 동사구를 표시하고 밑줄을 그으세요(S) (V) .

1. Throughout most of human history, proximity enabled the spread of infectious diseases that struck

down those humans who had the boldness to risk living near one another.

인류� 역사의� 대부분에� 걸쳐 근접성은� 무모하게도� 위험을� 무릅쓰고� 서로� 가까이� 살아가는� 사람들의� 목숨을� 앗아가는� 전염병을�,�

확산시켰다.�

2. Just as copyrights may be transferred in writing, moral rights may be abandoned if done so in writing

too.

저작권이�서면을�통해�양도될�수�있는�것처럼�저작�인격권�역시�서면으로�양도된다면 권리가 포기될�수도�있을�것이다,� ( )� .�

3. If there is to be toleration in the world, one of the things taught in schools must be the habit of

weighing evidence, and the practice of not giving full consent to propositions which there is no reason

to believe true.

이�세상에�관용이�있으려면 학교에서�가르쳐야�할� 것� 중의�하나는�증거를�신중히�고려하는�습관 그리고�사실이라고�믿을�만한�,� ,�

근거가�없는�진술에�대해서는�전적인�동의를�하지�않는�습관�이어야�한다.

4. But in the absence of compelling evidence to the contrary, it is more reasonable to assume that other

creatures, who share so much in common with us through our shared evolutionary origins, do, in fact,

experience pleasure.

그러나� 그에�반대되는� 설득력� 있는� 근거가� 없는�상태에서는�공통적인� 진화�기원을�통해� 우리와� 매우�많은� 것을� 공유하는�다른�

생명체들도�사실상�즐거움을�경험한다고�가정하는�것이�더�타당하다.

�SYNTAX� ANALYSIS 1. 주어 동사 찾기 /

4

5. However desirable it might be in other markets, considering special characteristics of health and

medical care, an arm's length, adversarial relationship between buyer and seller should not be the goal

of health care policy.

다른�시장에서�아무리�바람직하다고�할지라도� 건강과�의료의�특수한�특성들을�고려할�때�구매자와�판매자자의� �소원하고�적대,�

적인�관계가�의료정책의�목표가�되어서는�안�된다.

6. Given that the first known use of around 1,700 words or meanings is in Shakespeare and that his

works have been so widely read, it's not surprising that many of the terms we use every day come

from him.

약� 개의�단어나�의미가�셰익스피어의�작품에서�처음으로�사용된�것으로�알려져�있고�그의�작품이�매우�널리�읽혀�왔음을�1,700

감안하면�우리가�매일�사용하는�많은�용어가�그로부터�왔다는�것은�놀랍지�않다.

7. There is a unique inversion going on that is no longer understood as such; instead of questioning

media reality and to what degree it is objective, we question whether our empirical reality complies

adequately with its media equivalent.

이제� 그� 자체로는� 이해되지� 않는� 독특한� 전도가� 일어나고� 있다 매체� 현실에� 대해� 그리고� 어느� 정도까지� 그것이� 객관적인지에�.�

대해�의심하는�대신 우리는�경험에�의한�현실이�그것의�매체�대응물과�잘�들어맞는지를�묻는다,� .

8. Concerned for national identity, a newspaper editorial objecting to English being the first foreign

language taught to young Swiss children went one step further and suggested that the school

superintendent who instituted the policy "will go down in the history books as the gravedigger of the

Swiss identity.

국가�정체성을�염려하면서 영어가�어린�스위스�아동들에게�가르쳐지는�제 외국어가�되는�것을�반대하는�한�신문�사설은�한걸음�,� 1

더�나아가�그�정책을�도입했던�교육감은역사책에�스위스�정체성의�무덤을�판�사람으로�기록될�것이라고�넌지시�말했다“ ” .�

9. With every little movement that you do attentively, you will feel the joy in your body, the feeling of all

of the water molecules moving around, the bliss of experiencing a mindful being in a miraculous body.

신경�써서� 하는� 작은�움직임�하나하나로 사람들은� 몸속의� 기쁨 즉� 모든� 물� 분자들이�이리저리� 돌아다니는�느낌 기적과�같은�,� ,� ,�

몸�안의�사려�깊은�존재를�경험하는�더없는�행복을�느낄�것이다.

10. To a large extent the ability to think in terms of accurate distinctions depends on possessing in your

vocabulary the words which express such distinctions.

정확한�차이의�관점에서�생각할�수�있는�능력은�여러분의�어휘�속에�그러한�차이를�표현하는�단어들을�지니고�있느냐에�크게�의

존한다.�

5

11. During the early stages when the aquaculture industry was rapidly expanding, mistakes were made

and these were costly both in terms of direct losses and in respect of the industry’s image.

수산� 양식� 산업이� 급속하게� 팽창하고� 있던� 초기� 단계� 동안 실수들이� 발생하였으며� 이것들은� 직접적인� 손실� 면에서� 그리고� 그�,�

산업의�이미지�측면�양쪽�모두에�있어�대가가�컸다.

12. Instead of the eldest and most respected sitting at the top of the table above the rest, it was the

first to arrive who sat with Lorenzo de’ Medici, even if he was no more than a young painter’s

apprentice.

가장� 나이가� 많고� 가장� 존경받는� 사람이� 다른� 사람들보다� 식탁의� 상석에� 앉는� 대신에 젊은� 화가의� 견습생에� 지나지� 않더라도�,�

와�함께�앉는�사람은�첫�번째로�도착한�사람이었다Lorenzo� de’�Medici .

13. For valid and reliable self-assessments to take place, in addition to information about possible

improvement in performance, a frame of reference has to be established (either through social

comparison or comparison with relevant criteria) that enables the person to make a conclusion

concerning the acceptability of the level of performance.

타당하고�믿을� 만한�자기�평가가�이루어지기�위해서는 수행에� 있어서의�향상�가능성에� 관한�정보�이외에도� 사회적�비교�혹은�,� (

관련된�기준과의�비교�중�어느�하나를�통해서 그�사람이�수행�수준의�용인�가능성에�대한�결론을�내릴�수�있게�하는�기준�틀이�)�

확립되어야�한다.�


6

ϭ 동사 찾기가 어려운 유형

1) 뒤의 명사 동사 일치this/ that/ those / these = (reduce, cost, benefit, stand...)2) 형 동사의 주어 수식 유형ved 3) 주격관계대명사 다음의 동사 찾기- _____ 4) 명사 형용사 수식어

5) 명령문


14. The point is that what is roughly true, that as we get older it becomes harder to learn new

behaviour, is not true for everyone in every respect.

요점은�대략적으로�맞는�것 즉�우리가�나이가�들어감에�따라�새로운�행동을�배우는�것이�더�어려워진다는�것이�모든�면에서�모,�

든�사람들에게�다�적용되는�것은�아니라는�것이다.

15. Most of the complex problems we've got in this country today are the result of thoughtless, "can-do"

men attempting to solve once-simple problems in careless ways that left a mess, left nasty

half-solved problems, like wounded lions, in all our streets.

오늘날�이�나라에서�우리가�갖고�있는�대부분의�복잡한�문제는�경솔하고� 의욕에�넘치는 사람들이�전에는�간단했던�문제들을�엉‘ ’�

망인�것을�우리의�모든�길에�남기고 상처�입은�사자처럼�반밖에�해결되지�않은�고약한�문젯거리를�남겨�놓는�부주의한�방식으,�

로�해결하려고�시도한�결과이다.

16. Progress thus never represents anything more than the maximum progress in a given direction,

pre-determined by the interests of the observer.

그러므로�진보는�주어진�방향에서 보는�사람의�관심에�따라�미리�정해진�최대의�진보에�불과한�것을�나타낸다,� .�

17. Thus, the "perfect" competition that economists set as the ideal market structure for producing and

distributing most goods and services is far from ideal for health and medical care.

그러므로�경제학자들이� �대부분의�재화와�용역의�생산과�유통을�위한�이상적인�시장�구조로�설정한� 완전한 경쟁은�의료와�치료‘ ’�

에는�전혀�이상적이지�않다.

7


18. The majority of those whose goals are purely job-oriented have not turned their backs entirely on

the established wisdom of finding a job that interests them, and any student that is interested in his

or her subject is engaged, to some extent, in learning for its own sake.

목표가�순전히�직업�지향적인�사람들�대다수는�자신의�관심을�끄는�직업을�찾는�것이�옳다는�기존의�생각을�전적으로�외면하지

는�않았으며 자신의�과목에�관심이�있는�학생은�누구나�어느�정도는�배움�자체를�위해�배우는�것에�임하고�있다,� .

19. Scientists conducting research on phenomena associated with weather and climate were just as likely

to come from mathematics, physics, or astronomy backgrounds as from meteorology.

날씨와� 기후에�관련된�현상에�관한�연구를�수행하는�과학자들은�기상학만큼이나�수학 물리학� 혹은�천문학� 분야�출신일� 가능성,�

이�높았다.

20. Consequently, individuals who had trained in other scientific and mathematical disciplines and became

intrigued by atmospheric problems often attacked those problems from the distinct viewpoints they

had gained while in graduate school.

결과적으로 다른�과학과�수학�분야에서�교육을�받았는데�대기�문제에�흥미를�갖게�된� 이들이�대학원에�다니는�동안�그들이�얻,�

게�된�독특한�관점으로�흔히�그�문제를�다루었다.

21. The notion that the forest itself is a vital resource, either through its contribution to the global

carbon cycle or because of the diversity of tropical forest species, is unlikely to mean much to the

farmer.

그것의� 지구�탄소� 순환에� 대한� 기여에� 의해서든�열대� 우림�종의� 다양성� 때문이든�산림� 그� 자체가� 필수적인� 자원이라는� 개념은�

그�농부에게는�별�의미가�없을�것이다.�

22. It was the result of a dialogue between human beings and their surroundings, a continuing dialogue

that meant that, over two thousand years of trial and error, the culture kept changing.

그것은�인간과�이들의�환경�간의�대화 년이�넘는�시행착오의�기간에�걸쳐 문화가�계속�변화해�왔다는�것을�의미하는�지,� 2,000 ,�

속적인�대화의�결과였다.


8


23. The elements of the palace gardens, their fountains, water channels and pools, and the raised and

sunken flower beds, exhibited in miniature the collection and distribution of water essential for the

development of the land for agriculture.

궁정�정원의�요소인�분수 수로와�연못 높고�낮은�화단들은�농업을�위한�땅의�개발에�필수적인�물을�모으고�분배하는�것을�축소,� ,�

된�크기로�보여�주었다.�

24. One reason why humans take much longer than other species to produce their species-specific "calls"

is that at birth the vocal tract of the human infant is disproportionately short compared to the rest

of the articulatory system.

인간이� 다른�종보다�종� 특유의� 소리를� 만드는�데� 훨씬�더� 오래�걸리는�한� 가지�이유는�태어날�때� 인간�유아의�성도가� 나머지�‘ ’

발성�체계에�비해�불균형적으로�짧기�때문이다.�

25. The employer may be considering the social aspects of the work environment and the effect that a

prospective employee, however otherwise qualified, may have on coworkers, not to mention on

customers or clients, vendors, and others who might interact with the employee as a representative

of the employer’s business.

고용주는�직장�환경의�사회적인�측면과�함께 미래의�직원이�될지도�모르는�사람이�다른�면에서�자격을�갖추고�있을지라도 고용,� ,�

주의�사업을�대리하는�사람으로서의�그�직원과�교류할�수도�있는�고객이나�의뢰인 판매�회사 그리고�다른�사람들은�말할�것도�,� ,�

없이�동료에게�미칠�수�있는�영향까지도�고려하고�있을지�모른다.

26. Most of the actors found in industrialized countries farm input suppliers, farmers, food processors ─

and manufacturers, distributors, workers and caterers may all be in the same household in largely ─

smallholder farming communities.

산업화한�국가에서�발견되는� 식품�관련 행위자들의�대부분 즉�영농�투입재�공급자들 농부들 식품�가공업자들과�제조�업자들( )� ,� ,� ,� ,�

유통업자들 노동자들과�음식�공급자들은�대체로�소규모�자작농의�영농�사회에서는�모두�같은�가정에�있을�수도�있다,� .

27. Studies with twins suggest that the degree to which we are born with the ability to sense how

others are feeling seems to vary according to genetic factors.

쌍둥이를�대상으로�한�연구는�다른�사람들이�어떻게�느끼고�있는지를�깨닫는�능력을�우리가�태어날�때부터�갖게�되는�정도가�유

전적인�요인에�따라서�다양한�것�같다는�것을�시사한다.

9


28. One consequence of depending on science for solving material problems and on democracy for

solving political conflicts is that we have learned to distrust the vision of a single individual, no

matter how inspired.

물질적인�문제를�해결하기�위해�과학에�의존하고�정치적�충돌을�해결하기�위해�민주주의에�의존하는�것의�한�가지�결과는�한�개

인이�아무리�영감을�받았다�하더라도�우리는�그의�시각을�불신하는�것을�배웠다는�것이다.

29. Humans who enjoyed singing, dancing, and marching together so much that they were attracted to it,

and practiced it for thousands of hours were those who were the victors in any battles in which

such drill conferred an advantage.

노래하고 춤추고 함께�행진하기를�너무�많이�즐겨서�그것에�매력을�느끼고 그것을�수천�시간�동안�연습했던�사람들은�그런�훈,� ,� ,�

련이�이점을�부여했던�어떤�전투에서든�승리자였던�사람들이었다.

30. Morale has declined as threats of private enterprise running everything from entry gates to

interpretation have edged ever closer.

출입문에서�부터�해설에�이르기까지�모든�것을�운영하는�민영�기업의�위협이�점� 점� 더� 가까이�다가옴에�따라�일할�의욕은�감소

해�왔습니다.�

31. Writing that flows from one paragraph to the next and has a good conclusion will hold your readers’

attention throughout your blog post or brochure.

한�문단에서�다음�문단으로�술술�흘러가고�좋은�결말을�가지는�글은�여러분의�블로그�포스트나�소책자�전체�에서�여러분의�독자

의�관심을�사로잡을�것이다.

32. One of America’s foremost survey researchers, Reed Larson of the University of Illinois in

Urbana-Champaign, has discovered that finding structured leisure activities a child will like is more

than just humanistic parenting.

미국에서�가장�유명한�조사�연구원�중� 한� 명인� 에� 있는� 대학의� 이� 아이가�좋아할�조Urbana-� Champaign Illinois� Reed� Larson

직화된�여가�활동을�찾는�것이�단지�인도적인�육아�이상이라는�것을�발견했다.


10


33. The notion that only in modern times have people grown uneasy about killing animals is a flattering

conceit.

현대가�되어서야�사람들이�동물을�죽이는�것에�대해�점차�불편해하게�되었다는�생각은�우쭐하게�만드는�자만심이다.�

34. Perhaps the most important factor that affects the length of time it takes for a behavior to become a

habit is the distinctiveness of the memory.

어떤�행동이�습관이�되기�위해�걸리는�시간의�길이에�영향을�주는�가장�중요한�요소는�아마도�기억의�특수성일�것이다

35. Additionally, the mission of most liberal arts colleges to develop the “whole person,” typically

accompanied by greater student service expenditures and a smaller student-to-faculty ratio than

other institutional types, tends to increase financial expenditures.

게다가 전인적�인간을�양성하려는�대부분의�학부중심대학의�교육�목표는�일반적으로�다른�종류의�기관보다�더� 많은�학생�서비,‘� ’

스�비용과�더�작은�학생�대�교수�비율이�수반되므로 재정적�비용을�증가시키는�경향이�있다,� .

36. The strange modern idea that forests are just trees and that a monocultured stand of Eucalyptus

genetically engineered to express pesticides is the same thing as an ancient community of trees,

fungi, flowers, animals, birds and all the other living things and products a complete forest would

provide, is certainly one of the most striking symptoms of how disconnected our modern culture has

become from the reality of nature.

숲은�그저�나무일뿐이며 살충제를�짜내기�위해�유전적으로�설계된�유칼립투스�단일�재배�군락이�완전한�숲이�제공하게�될�나무,� ,�

균류 꽃동물 새와�그�밖의�다른�모든�생물들과�산물로�이루어진�태고적의�공동체와�같은�것이라는�이상한�현대의�생각은�분명�,� , ,�

우리의�현대�문화가�자연의�실체로부터�얼마나�동떨어지게�되었는지를�보여주는�가장�두드러진�징후�중�하나이다.

37. Such incentives were necessary because, as Smith knew, the spread of manufacture based upon the

division of labor, by making it possible for children to be employed at income-generating tasks, often

led parents to send even very young children out to work.

그러한�보상물은�필요했는데 왜냐하면� 가�알고�있다시피 분업에�기반을�둔�제조업의�확산으로�아이들이�소득을�창출하는�,� Smith ,�

일에�고용되는�것이�가능해�짐으로써 흔히�부모가�심지어�매우�어린�자녀들까지도�일자리로�내몰게�되었기�때문이다,� .

11


38. Looking at the Internet and concluding that the main impact is to make us stupid is like looking at

the automobile and concluding that it’s a tool for learner drivers to wipe out terrified pedestrians.

인터넷을�보고�그것의�주된�영향이�우리를�멍청하게�만드는�것이라고�결론짓는�것은�자동차를�보고�그것은�임시�면허�운전자가�

겁에�질린�행인들을�몰살시키기�위한�도구라고�결론짓는�것과�같다.

39. A particularly clear illustration of the fact that mobbing signals of the prey individual have evolved to

influence the behavior of predators occurs in California ground squirrels.

피식자�개체가� 포식자를 공격하는�신호가�포식자의�행동에�영향을�주도록�발달해�왔다는�사실에�대한�특히�분명한�실례가�캘리( )�

포니아�얼룩다람쥐에게서�발견된다.


12

Practice More

(1) Instead of focusing on how hard it is to be around a negative person, or over-analyzing the reasons why the person is the way he is, try instead to be genuinely enthusiastic about your work and about your life in general.

부정적인�사람�주변에�있는� 것이�얼마나�힘든가에�집중하거나�그� 사람이�그� 모습�그대로인�이유를�지나치게�분석하는�것� 대신,�

전반적인�여러분의�일과�생활에�대해�진정으로�열성적인�모습을�가지려고�노력하라.

(2) In countries with temperate climates, including Japan and Italy, where adaptational investments are less critical, men are supposed to be more assertive, tough, and focused on material success whereas women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.

적응을� 위한� 투자가� 덜� 중요한 일본과� 이탈리아를� 포함한� 온대기후대의� 국가에서� 남자들은� 자기주장이� 더� 강하고 더� 거칠고,� ,� ,�

물질적�성공에�더�집중한다고�생각되는�반면�여자들은�더�겸손하고 더�상냥하고 삶의�질에�관심이�더�많다고�생각된다,� ,� .

(3) In an attempt to resolve the debate about the impact of agricultural trade liberalization on food security, a report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concluded that even where food prices do fall this is not necessarily a straightforward advantage.

식량안보에�미치는�농산물�거래�자유화의�영향에�관한�논쟁을�해결하기�위한�시도로서 유엔식량농업기구의�보고서는�심지어�식,�

량�가격이�실제로�내려가는�경우에도�이것이�명백한�이점이�되지는�않는다고�결론을�내렸다.

(4) With teachers using their voices all day giving instructions, answering questions, and sometimes even yelling, the constant strain on their vocal cords can lead to an increase in teacher absenteeism.

교사들이�하루�종일�가르치고 질문에�답하고 때로는�소리를�지르기까지�하면서�목소리를�사용함에�따라�그들의�성대에�가해지,� ,�

는�끊임없는�긴장이�교사의�결근�증가를�초래할�수�있다.

(5) To illustrate how various people see the world differently, imagine that you have arrived for a meeting with a few people who don’t know each other.

다양한�사람들이�어떻게�세상을�다른�관점에서�보는지를�설명하기�위해 여러분이�서로�모르는�몇�명의�사람들과�만나는�자리에�,�

도착했다고�상상해�보자.

13

(6) While the educational level of tourists is relatively high, facilitating communication and information campaigns, tourists are in an unknown environment when visiting a foreign country.

여행자들의�교육�수준이�비교적�높아�의사소통과�정보�전달을�용이하게�하긴�하지만�여행자들은�외국을�방문할�때� 미지의�환경

에�놓이게�된다.�

(7) Beginning about ten thousand years ago, when the agricultural revolution began in the Middle East, in China and in Mesoamerica, populations increased in density tenfold over those of huntergatherer societies.

중동 중국 그리고�중앙아메리카에서�농업이�시작된�약� 만�년�전부터�인구는�수렵채집�사회의�그것보다�밀도에서� 배�더�증,� ,� 1 - 10

가했다.

�SYNTAX� ANALYSIS 2. 동사구

14

동사 분류하기ϭ

자동사 정의 수식어의 역할1) -

타동사 정의 명사 명사구 명사절의 역할2) - , ,

자동사ϭ 해석 동사종류 동사구

형식동사 1

형식동사 2

타동사ϭ

형식동사 3

명사구 _________명사절 _________

명사with

명사of

형식동사 4 ask, teach, make, save, convince... 명사 명사(1) + (2)

5형식동사

make, render

watch, feel...

get

consider, see, regard..

15

다음 문장에서 동사구의 보어 혹은 목적어를 표시하고 밑줄을 그으세요.

40. It is my design to render it manifest that no one point in its composition is referable either to

accident or intuition that the work proceeded, step by step, to its completion with the precision —and rigid consequence of a mathematical problem.

그것을�쓰는�데�있어서�그�어떤�사항도�우연이나�직관과�무관하다는�것 즉�그�시를�창작하는�것이�수학�문제를�푸는�것과�같이�,�

정확하게�그리고�정밀한�결론에�이르면서�단계적으로�진행되어�완성되었다는�것을�분명히�하는�것이�나의�계획이다.

41. By concentrating so much talent in one place, Bangalore makes it easier for that talent to teach

itself and for outsiders, whether from Singapore or Silicon Valley, to connect easily with Indian

human capital.

한� 곳에� 매우� 많은� 재능� 있는� 사람들을� 집중시킴으로써 는� 그� 재능� 있는� 사람들이� 스스로� 배우는� 것을 그리고�,� Bangalore ,�

에서�왔든지� 에서�왔든지�간에�외부인들이�쉽게�인도의�인적�자원과�결합하는�것을�더�용이하게�만들고�Singapore Silicon� Valley

있다.�

42. Unfortunately for the insect, hundreds of sharp, downward-pointing hairs lining the tube make

climbing out impossible.

그�곤충에게는�불행하게도 관�속에�줄지어�있는�수백�개의�날카로운�아래로�향한�털이�기어�올라와�밖으로�나가는�것을�불가능,�

하게�만든다.�

43. The marked increase in the use of English throughout Europe in recent decades makes the practical

value of learning English undeniable.

최근�몇�십�년간�유럽�도처에서�영어�사용의�뚜렷한�증가는�영어�학습의�실용적인�가치를�부인할�수�없는�것으로�만든다

44. Yet you willingly suspend your disbelief of the action onstage in order to allow yourself to be drawn

into the production and to experience the story with all of your emotions.

하지만� 여러분은� 자기� 스스로를� 작품� 속에� 몰입시키기� 위해 그리고� 여러분의� 온� 감정으로� 이야기를� 경험하기� 위해� 무대� 위의�,�

행위에�대한�여러분의�불신을�기꺼이�중지�시킨다.


16

다음 문장에서 동사구의 보어 혹은 목적어를 표시하고 밑줄을 그으세요.

45. The biological advantage of feeding the young this way is that it allows the parents to be

opportunistic in their own feeding and frees them from the need to find special kinds of food (e.g.,

insects) suitable for the young.

이런�방식으로�새끼를�먹이는�행위의�생물학적인�이점은 그�때문에�부모는�자신의�먹이�섭취에�있어서�구할�수�있는�아무�먹이,�

나�먹을�수�있고�새끼에게�적합한�특별한�종류의�먹이예를�들어 곤충를�찾을�필요로부터�자유로워진다는�것이다( ,� )

46. Each object is thought of as having a most complex set of qualities and color is merely a quality of

an object, not something from a color chart on which one can make a choice which is transferable to

a large number of different sorts of objects.

각각의�사물은�매우�복잡한�일련의�특성들을�갖는�것으로�여겨지며�색깔은�단지�하나의�사물이�갖는�하나의�특성인�것이지 수,�

많은�다양한�종류의�사물들에�전달될�수�있는 어느�하나를�선택할�수�있는�색표 상의�어떤�것이�아니다,� ( ) .色表

47. Making the industrial-based global food system possible is our ever-growing reliance on fossil fuel

based technologies as the basis of fertilizers, pesticides, and methods of cultivation and

transportation.

비료 살충제�그리고�경작과�운송�수단의�기본�원리로�화석�연료에�기반을�둔�기술에�우리가�점점�더� 많이�의존하는�현상이�산,�

업에�기반을�둔�국제적�식량�체제를�가능하게�만들고�있다.

17

Practice More

(8) Any falling object fell too fast for him to measure how long it took.떨어지는�어떤�물체도�너무�빨리�떨어져서�시간이�얼마나�걸렸는지를�그는�측정할�수�없었다.

(9) Even if all they were doing was activating their baby’s innate language-learning capacity, the fact remains that it was taking place in a social setting. 그들이� 하는� 전부라고는� 아기의� 타고난� 언어� 습득� 능력을� 활성화� 시키는� 것이었지만� 그래도� 그것이� 사회적� 환경에서� 일어나고�

있었다는�사실은�분명하다.

(10) Afterward, a little card was hung on the front door of each household giving feedback to the homeowners about how their energy consumption was compared to the neighborhood average.그� 후에 각� 가정집� 대문에� 집주인들에게� 가정의� 에너지� 소비가� 이웃의� 평균과� 얼마나� 비교되는지에� 관한� 피드백을� 주는� 작은�,�

카드가�매달려�있었다.

(11) There are some parents who are so eager to share with their children the thrill of riding a bicycle that they disregard the safety rules and spend all their time teaching balance.아이들과�자전거�타는�스릴을�간절히�공유하고�싶어서�안전�규칙을�무시하고�균형을�가르치는�데�모든�시간을�보내는�일부�부모

들이�있다.

(12) Small farmers and poor countries did not benefit from the green revolution because they could not afford the expensive seeds and chemicals that make agriculture [productive/ productively].농업을�생산적으로�만드는�값비싼�씨앗과�화학약품을�살�수�없기�때문에�소규모�농민과�빈곤�국가는�녹색혁명의�혜택을�입지�못

했다.


18

(13) The answer, many believe, is global dimming, a situation created when clouds and pollution particles increase, blocking out or scattering sunlight, preventing some solar radiation from reaching the planet's surface.많은�사람들은�그�대답이�지구�암흑화라고�믿는다 지구�암흑화는�구름과�작은�오염물질들이�증가해서 햇빛을�차단하거나 분산.� ,� ,�

시켜서 태양에너지가�지구의�표면에도달하지�못하게�막을�때�발생하는�현상이다,� .

(14) Everything around us appears to be moving more slowly than it is, and we seem to be moving more slowly through the landscape.우리를�둘러싼�모든�것이�실제�그러한�것보다�더�천천히�움직이는�것�같고 우리는�더�천천히� 눈앞의 장면을�뚫고�지나가는�것,� ( )�

처럼�보인다.

(15) Even though Daniel was capable of doing complex activities, his work always seemed to reflect his attitude of, “What is the least amount of work I can do?”

은�여러�복잡한�활동을�할�수�있었음에도�불구하고 그의�과제는�항상� 내가�할�수�있는�최소한의�과제의�양은�얼마나�될Daniel ,� “

까 라는�그의�태도를�반영하는�듯했다?” .

(16) Between the hours of 1 and 3 p.m., potential adopters can get acquainted with the many small animals available for adoption from the shelter, located at 2061 15th Ave.오후� 시에서� 시�사이에 예비�입양�희망자들은� 번가� 번지에�위치한�보호소에서�입양�가능한�많은�소형�동물들을�소개�1 3 ,� 15 2061

받을�수�있다.

(17) Some consumers still remain loyal to the brand name drug, perhaps out of fear that the new ‑generic drugs are not actually the same as the drug they have been using for years. 일부�소비자들은�아마도�새�복제약들이�그들이�수년�동안�사용해오고�있었던�약과�실제로는�같지�않을�것이라는�두려움�속에서�

유명�상표�약을�여전히�충실하게�고수한다.

(18) He very cleverly wove some of the names he had learned into his talk, and I could see the evident pleasure on the faces of the persons whose names were used and I sensed the warm friendliness of the audience that this simple technique won for the speaker.그는�자신이�익힌�이름�중�몇몇을�아주�솜씨�있게�자신의�말� 속에�엮어�넣었으며 나는�자신의�이름이�사용된언급된 사람들의�,� ( )�

얼굴에서�명백한�즐거움을� 기뻐하는�표정을�명백히 볼�수�있었고�이�간단한�기술이�연사에게�안겨�준�청중의�따스한�친근감을�( )�

감지했다.

19

(19) At the end of the week, each respondent provides what mounts to a running record, a written film clip of his or her life, made up of selections from its representative moments.그�주가�끝날�때�각�응답자는�연속적인누적된 총�기록에�해당하는�것 즉�삶의�대표적인�순간들로부터�발췌된�내용으로�구성된�( )� ,�

자신의�삶을�기록한�한�토막의�영화를�제출하게�된다.

(20) Art historians attribute to her the development of the conversational portrait.미술역사가들은�격의�없는�모습의�초상화의�발달이�그녀에게서�때문이라고�한다.

(21) If you wish not to look back over your lives with regret, you will keep in mind that every effort you make and every contact you have with others leaves a mark.후회하면서�우리의�삶을�되돌아보지�않기를�바란다면 우리는�우리�가� 하는�모든�노력과�우리가�다른�사람들과�갖는�모든�만남,�

이�흔적을�남긴다는�것을�명심해야�한다.

(22) This implicit timetable provides you with a social clock, a schedule that tells you if you are keeping pace with your peers, are ahead of them, or are falling behind.이� 잠재적인� 시간표는� 여러분에게� 사회�시계를� 제공하는데 이것은� 여러분이� 동년배들과� 보조를� 맞추어� 가고� 있는지 그들보다�,� ,�

앞서�가고�있는지 혹은�뒤지고�있는지를�말해�주는�일정표이다,� .�

(23) I want to convince you that these kinds of personal explanations of success don't make sense now.나는�당신에게� 라는�것을�확신시키고�싶다 이런�종류의�성공의�개인적인�설명은�이제는�납득되지�않는다는�것을~ .�

(24) The bright coloring effectively tells a bird at a distance that it's not worth chasing the colored butterfly and, as a result, makes it give up in advance.그� 밝은� 색깔은� 일정� 거리에� 있는� 새에게� 색깔이� 있는� 나비를� 쫓는� 것이�가치가� 없다는� 것을�효과적으로� 말해준다 그리고� 그�.�

결과�그것새가�미리�포기하도록�만든다( ) .

(25) I could save people the trouble of going into the store by making my produce accessible at the side of the road.나는�도로변에서�사람들이�나의�농작물에�접근할�수�있게�함으로써�그들이�상점에�가야하는�수고를�덜어줄�수�있었다.

(26) The researchers speculated that parents expected their daughters to be better in English and their sons to excel in math and sports, so they provided the support, advice, and encouragement to enable them to do so.연구원들은�부모들이�자기�딸은�영어를�더�잘하고�아들은�수학과�운동에서�탁월할�것이라고�기대해서�자녀들이�그렇게�할�수�있

도록�지원과�조언과�격려를�제공했다고�추정했다.�


20

(27) In desperation, I asked one of the Western women who worked for an NGO in Kabul to spread the word that I was doing hair in the beauty school salon.절망에�빠져�나는� 의�어느� 에서�일하는�서양�여성�한�명에게�내가�미용학교�미용원에서�머리를�손질한다는�말을�소문Kabul NGO

내�달라고�부탁했다.�

(28) I do not believe it would be a good thing to make what we teach in school exactly proportional to what we do after school, but I do think we would be wise to give our children some instruction in the process of listening.나는�우리가�학교에서�가르치는�것을�학교를�졸업한�후에�하는�것에�정확히�비례하도록�만드는�것이�좋을�것이라고�생각하지는�

않는다 하지만�나는�우리�아이들에게�듣기�과정을�교육한다면�현명한�일이�될�것이라고�확신한다.� .�

(29) The government should make its "invisible" hand in the market become visible by creating more job opportunities for the unemployed, ensuring age and sex discrimination does not exist in the workplace, and restraining employers from exploiting employees.정부는�실업자들을�위해�더� 많은�직업�기회를�만들고 나이차별과�성차별이�직장에서�발생하지�않도록�보장하고 고용주가�직원,� ,�

들을�착취하지�못하게�제한함으로써 정부의�보이지�않는�손이�시장에서�보일�수�있도록�해야�한다,� .

(30) This technique will make possible the production of multiple clones.이�기술이�다수의�복제물의�생산을�가능하게�할�것이다.

21

�SYNTAX� ANALYSIS 도치 구문3.

22

도치 강조 표현ϭ

장소 부사구 장소유도 부사1) , 부사구 부사절2) Only , Only

부정어 부사구3) 주격보어 형용사4)

생략5) If 6) So/ Neither

Therein/There

장소 부사구

V 동사( )

자동사일 경우

타동사일 경우

S 주어( )Only very recently~Only then ~

Not only~ Nor ~

No sooner ~ than

So ~Neither ~

Had Were

S 주어( ) p.p

S 주어( ) 주격보어

형용사 형용사More V 동사( ) S 주어( )

강조 대상이 동사나 문장 전체인 경우

23

다음 문장의 주어와 동사구를 표시하고 도치 강조 표현을 밑줄 그으세요(S) (V) .

48. Only very recently, with the rise of refrigerated transport and other modern means of shipping and

storing, has agriculture fulfilled its promise of providing really adequate diets to a huge population.

겨우�최근에서야 냉장�수송과�다른�현대적�수송�및�저장�수단이�등장함에�따라 농업은�많은�인구에게�정말�적절한�음식을�제공,� ,�

한다는�약속을�이행하였다.�

49. Had the composer not taken upon himself to organize the first public performance of Bach's St

Matthew Passion in Berlin in 1830, over a hundred years after its premiere (1727), it is

questionable whether Bach's music would have exercised such a strong influence on early Romantic

music.

그�작곡가가�바흐의� 을�그것이�초연된�지� 년 백�년이�넘게�지난� 년� 베를린에서�처음으로�대'St�Matthew� Passion' (1727 )� 1830

중적으로� 공연되도록� 기획하는� 책임을� 맡지� 않았다면 바흐의� 음악이� 초기� 낭만주의� 음악에� 그토록� 강력한� 영향을� 행사했을지�,�

여부는�의심스럽다.

50. And therein lies the rub, for so strong is the desire to make a breakthrough that it's easy to become

fascinated by a notion that is later shown to be dead wrong.

그리고�바로�그� 안에�문제가�있는데 왜냐하면�획기적인�발견을�하고�싶은�갈망이�하도�커서�나중에�완전히�잘못되었음이�드러,�

나는�생각에�매료되기�쉽기�때문이다.

51. More novel than their abilities was the fact that they completed these projects without asking

themselves what style would be best to adopt.

그들의�능력�보다�더�신기한�것은�그들이�어떤�스타일을�채택하는�것이�좋을지를�자문해�보지�않고�이런�프로잭트를�완성했다는�

사실이었다.

52. Masterful mystery writers do this really well, causing us to feel we should have guessed the identity

of the murderer, had we only paid attention to the clues that were there all along.

숙달된� 추리�소설�작가들은� 이것을�정말로�잘해서 그들은�우리가�거기에� 내내�있었던�실마리들에� 주의를�기울이기만�했더라면�,�

그�살인자의�정체를�추측했을�것이라고�느끼게끔�한다.�


24

53. But were you the local council's head gardener either leaving or retiring from your post to start up

your business, then in all probability the editor would be interested in your story.

하지만� 여러분이�자신의� 사업을� 시작하기�위해�현직을�이임하거나� 퇴임하는�지방�의회의�수석�정원사라면 십중팔구는�그�편집,�

장이�여러분의�이야기에�관심을�보이게�될�것이다.

54. With each passing week, out come the tomatoes, bell peppers, corn, and on it continues.

한�주�한�주�지나면서 토마토 피망 옥수수�등이�나오고�그것이�계속된다,� ,� ,� .�

55. So central a part have stories played in every society in history that we take it for granted that the

great storytellers, such as Homer or Shakespeare or Dickens, should be among the most famous

people who ever lived.

이야기는�역사상�모든�사회에서�너무나�중요한�역할을�해와서�우리는�호머 셰익스피어 디킨스와�같은�위대한�이야기꾼들이�지,� ,�

금까지�살았던�가장�유명한�사람들에�속해야�한다는�것을�당연하게�여긴다.

56. Common to these reforms is the need to increase the rigor of the high school experience.

이러한�개혁의�공통점은�고등학교�과정�경험의�엄격함을�증가�시킬�필요가�있다는�것이다.

57. Only if other experts conclude that your research is important, accurate, and explained thoroughly

will it be added to the existing body of scientific knowledge.

여러분의�연구가�중요하고 정확하고 완벽하게�설명된다고�다른�전문가들이�결론을�내린�경우에만�여러분의�연구는�기존의�과학�,� ,�

지식체에�보태어질�것이다.

58. Behind the words is an energetic impact that can leave a dent on a physical level.

말의�이면에는�물리적�관점에서�움푹�들어간�자국을�남길�수�있는�강력한�영향력이�존재한다.

59. No longer is any region isolated, with its impact on the ocean limited to a few miles offshore.

어떠한�지역도�더�이상�바다에�미치는�영향이�해안에서�몇�마일�정도로�제한된�채로�고립되어�있지는�않다.

60. Inherent in this transition, writes Larson, is “the transformation by which whimsical, impulsive, and

periodically indolent children become motivated, directed and energetic adults.”

변덕스럽고 충동적이며�주기적으로�나태해지는�아이들이�동기가�부여되고 규율을�따르며 원기�왕성한�성인이�되는�변화가�이,� ,� ,� ’

러한�과도기에�내재되어�있다고� 은�쓰고�있다Larson .�

25

61. Only by making a hole in the wall, climbing through and looking at the wall from the other side can

any real consensus be reached.

단지�성벽에�구멍을�내고�그리로�들어가서�반대편에서�성벽을�바라보기만�해도�어떤�진정한�의견�일치도�이루어질�수�있다.�

62. Only by expanding beyond the early adopters to the much larger mainstream communities can it

achieve the returns to scale that enable the developers to recover their initial investments.

남들보다�신제품을�먼저�사서�써보는�사람들을�넘어�훨씬�더� 큰� 주류�사회로까지�확대함으로써만 그것과학기술은�개발자들이�,� ( )

그들의�초기�투자액을�회수할�수�있게�하는�규모에�대한�수익을�달성할�수�있다.

63. As we approached Thirteenth Avenue I saw scattered before us on the sidewalk at least a hundred

Batman collector cards.

우리가� 번가로�다가갈�때�나는�우리�앞�인도에�적어도� 장의�수집가용�배트맨�카드가�흩어져�있는�것을�보았다13 100 .�

64. Should you find extra money, you may be able to add frills to the event or find a large profit

coming your way.

여윳돈을�발견하면 행사에�가외의�것을�추가할�수�있거나 당신에게�큰�이익이�생길�수�있을지도�모른다,� ,� .�

명령문65. Provide ongoing, simple experiences with the grass, trees, and insects in environments close to home

or school rather than spending time and energy arranging for day trips to unfamiliar places your

child may seldom visit.

여러분의�아이가�거의�방문하지�않을�수도�있는�낯선�장소로�당일�여행을�준비하는�데�시간과�열정을�쓰는�대신 집이나�학교에,�

서�가까운�환경�속에서�풀 나무 곤충에�대한�지속적이고�단순한�경험을�제공하라,� ,� .


26

Practice More

(31) Amid the fashionable cafès and shops and ruins stands the most beautiful building, the Casa de Santo Domingo, Antigua’s landmark hotel.고급�카페들과�상점들 그리고�유적들�한� 가운데에�가장�아름다운�건물인� 라는 의�역사,� the� Casa� de� Santo� Domingo ,� Antigua

적�의의가�있는�호텔이�있다.�

(32) Among the barriers that many students have had to face in recent years are virtually continuous clashes stemming from prejudice, ethnocentrism, and fear of the unknown.최근�몇�년간�많은�학생들이�직면해야만�한� 장애물들�중에는�편견 자기민족�중심주의�그리고�알지�못하는�것에�대한�두려움에,�

서�오는�실제로�계속되는�충돌이�있다.�

(33) What a fortunate fellow I am, I kept telling myself.나는�계속해서�내가�얼마나�운�좋은�사람인가를�나�자신에게�되뇌었다.�

(34) There are selections so acute that they come to define a place, with the result that we can no longer travel through that landscape without being reminded of what a great artist noticed there.너무나�예리해서�선택물들이�한�장소를�정의�내리게�되는�것들도�있는데 그�결과�한�위대한�화가가�그곳에서�목격한�것을�떠올,�

리지�않고는�그�풍경을�우리가�더는�여행할�수�없기도�하다.

(35) However, we do not see everything that happens, nor do we hear everything.그러나�우리는�일어나는�모든�일을�보지도�않고�모든�것을�듣지도�않는다.

(36) Only by testing ourselves can we actually determine whether or not we really understand.오직�우리�자신을�시험함으로써�우리는�우리가�정말로�이해하고�있는지�아닌지를�실제로�결정할�수�있다.

(37) Had she shown her anger at her exclusion, she would have revealed how much it meant to her.그녀가�배제되는�것에�대해�화를�냈다면 그것이�그녀에게�얼마나�많은�것을�의미했는가를�드러내�보이게�되었을�것이다,� .

(38) Some economists discovered that gym goers would have been better off, financially, had they chosen to pay per workout rather than singing up for monthly or annual memberships.몇몇�경제학자들은�헬스클럽을�다니는�사람들은�월� 회원권이나�연� 회원권을�등록하기보다는�운동하러�갈� 때마다�돈을� 내었더라

면�재정적으로�더�이득이었을�것이라는�사실을�발견하였다.

27

(39) When asked by a friend if he would have done the same had there been no religious dictum or philosophical principle about helping the needy, Hobbes replied that he would.만약�그가�곤경에�처한�사람을�돕는�것에�대한�종교적인�신념이나�철학이�없었더라�하더라도 똑같은�일을�했을�것이냐는�질문,�

을�친구에게�받았을�때 는�그랬을�것이라고�대답했다,� Hobbes .

(40) No sooner had the play begun than she started to doze off, falling forward.그�연극이�시작하자마자 그녀는�앞으로�떨어지며�졸기�시작했다,� .

(41) A month later, the emotions of the big win have faded away, and so has the cash in your wallet.한�달�후에 굉장한�승리의�감정들은�사라져버리고 지갑�속의�현금도�바닥이�납니다,� ,� .�

(42) Just as a robber backs off and changes plans when realizing that the victim is not helpless, so [is/ does] any bad person who seeks someone who won't fight back.강도는�피해자가�무기력하지�않다�는�것을�깨달을�때�물러나서�계획�을�변경하는�경향이�있듯이 대항하지�않을�사람을�찾는�몇,�

몇�나쁜�사람도�마찬가지다.

(43) More interesting, however, was the finding that those who had been consuming less energy than their neighbors actually increased their energy consumption by 8.6 percent.하지만 더�흥미로운�것은�이웃보다�더� 적은�에너지를�소비했던�사람들이�사실상� 퍼센트�정도�에너지�소비를�늘렸다는�조사�,� 8.6

결과이다.�

(44) Not only do we make ourselves unhappy when we suppress emotions, when we pretend, but we make others unhappy as well.감정을�억누를�때 즉�우리가� 감정을 가장하고�있을�때 우리는�우리�자신만을�불행하게�하는�것이�아니라�다른�사람들도�또한�,� ( )� ,�

불행하게�한다.�

(45) Had we let the friend borrow the camper, she would have discovered the boxes before the mice did.우리가�캠핑카를�친구에게�빌려�주었다면�그녀는�쥐보다�먼저�그�상자들을�발견했을�것이다.

(46) Enclosed is a copy of the original receipt and the repair bill.원래의�영수증�사본과�수리비�계산서를�동봉합니다.


28

(47) Only by testing ourselves can we actually determine whether or not we really understand.오직�우리�자신을�시험함으로써�우리는�우리가�정말로�이해하고�있는지�아닌지를�실제로�결정할�수�있다.

(48) Of equal importance are the concrete emotional benefits they derive.그들이�얻은�구체적인�감정적인�혜택은�똑같이�중요하다.

(49) The same company may change its motivational appeal from one medium to another, from television to newspapers, for instance, but rarely will the same company make different appeals in one ad, whether vocal or visual.예를�들어 동일한�회사가�구매�동기�유발�호소를�한�매체에서�다른�매체로 텔레비전에서�신문으로�바꿀�수는�있지만 음성이건�,� ,� ,�

시각적이건�간에�동일한�회사가�한�광고�속에서�서로�다르게�호소하는�경우는�거의�없다.

(50) Among its symptoms are fever, loss of appetite and weight, and blisters on the tongue, lips, other tissues of the mouth, and the feet.고열 식욕부진 체중�감소 혀 입술 입의�다른�조직 그리고�발에�물집�잡히는�것이�그�증상에�속한�것이다,� ,� ,� ,� ,� ,� .

(51) The motor of our ingenuity is the question “Does it have to be like this?”, from which [arise/arises] political reforms, scientific developments, improved relationships, and better books.우리의� 독창성의�동력은� 이래야만� 하는가 라는�의문이며 그것으로부터� 정치�개혁과�과학�발달 개선된�관계 더� 나은�책들이�“ ?” ,� ,� ,�

생겨난다.

29

�SYNTAX� ANALYSIS 구문4. ~ing

30

현재 분사 동명사ing ( vs )ϭ

분사 1) ~ S V명사 분사2) S V~, +

접속사 분사3) + , S V ~명사4) Given ~, S V ~

명사 분사5) With (Without) +

분사 구문 해석

분사 ~ S V분사S V~ ,

명사 분사S V~, + 명사 분사+ ~, S V

접속사 분사+ , S V ~

명사Given ~, S V ~

명사 분사With + 명사 분사Without +

가장 가까운 명사부터 주어로 해석

동명사 주어 Ving ( ) + __________전치사 명사 + + ____________

31

다음 문장의 동사구에 표시하고 준동사의 의미상 주어에 밑줄을 그으세요(V) , .

66. Worthless for the purposes of any more exact natural science until it has been duly verified, the

hypothesis which is to win, in the advancement of science, a really great place, must often be, at

the moment of its first invention, an apparently unlikely hypothesis.

적절한� 절차에� 따라� 검증될� 때까지� 어떤� 더� 정확한� 자연� 과학의� 목적을� 위해서는� 무가치하지만 과학� 진보에� 있어서� 진정으로�,�

위대한�위치를�얻어내게�될�가설은�흔히�그것이�처음�만들어지는�순간에�겉으로�보기에�믿기�힘든�가설이어야�한다.

67. It would be hard not to feel somewhat intimidated while sitting across from a professor with all his

or her degrees and certificates staring back at you.

모든�학위나�자격증이�뒤에서�여러분을�빤히�쳐다보는�가운데�교수와�마주�앉아�있는�동안�어느�정도�겁먹지�않는�것은�어려울�

것이다.�

68. Seeking authentic indigenous art, they reject the very artifacts that the Navajo produce as works of

art, namely, artifacts created to be objects of aesthetic appreciation.

진짜�토착�예술을�찾고�있기에 그들은�나바호족이�미술작품으로�제작하는�바로�그� 공예품 즉�미적�감상의�대상물로�창작된�공,� ,�

예품은�거부한다.

69. For many years, doctors gave patients antibiotics for bacterial infections which their own bodies

would have been able to deal with relatively easily, creating more opportunities for the development

of resistant strains.

여러�해�동안�의사들은�환자들�자신의�신체가�비교적�쉽게�대처할�수�있었을�박테리아�감염을�치료하기�위해�환자들에게�항생제

를�투여하여 내성을�지닌�박테리아의�변종들이�생겨날�기회를�더�많이�만들었다,� .

70. The “Danger, alert!” inner feeling that a laborer experiences when working with power tools and the

accompanying fear sensation that comes with it are healthy signs that the consciousness level

detects something worth respecting.

전동�공구를�가지고�일할�때�노동자가�경험하는� 위험 경계 의�내면의�느낌과�그것과�동반하여�오는�공포감은�의식�수준이�존중‘ ,� !’

할�가치가�있는�무언가를�탐지한다는�건강한�신호이다.


32

71. The idea of using virtual water trade as a trade policy strategy to offset regional water shortage is

currently being debated so vigorously by water experts because it might lead to huge water savings,

making it possible or so it would seem at first sight to resolve “the water crisis” virtually ─ ─

overnight.

지역의�물�부족을�벌충하는�무역�정책�전략으로�가상�물�교역을�활용한다는�생각은�현재�물�전문가들에�의해�매우�활발하게�논

의되고�있는데 그것이�엄청난�물�절약으로�이어져 거의�하룻밤�사이에물�위기를�해결하는�것을�가능하게�하거나�아니면�언뜻�,� ,� ‘ ’

그런�것처럼�보이게�할�수�있기�때문이다.

72. Well aware of this, the media industries build their profits by seeking to gratify audiences’

expectations that what they are buying will give them pleasure.

이를�잘�알고� 있기� 때문에� 매체�산업은�자신이�구매하고� 있는�것이� 기쁨을� 줄� 것이라는�관객의�기대를� 충족시키려고�함으로써�

이익을�창출한다.

73. Though frequently conceived as opposites, emotions and intellect often work in concert, each

enhancing the other.

정반대의�것으로�생각되는�일이�빈번�하지만 감정과�지력은�흔히�협력하여�작용하며�서로를�향상시킨다,� .

74. States in developed nations have been withdrawing from active roles of care and support, creating

instead paradigms where individuals ‘choose’ to interact with state supports and agencies for needed

services.

선진국� 정부들은� 보호와� 부양의� 적극적인� 역할에서� 후퇴하여 그� 대신� 개인들이� 필요한� 서비스를� 위해� 정부� 지원단� 및� 기관과�,�

소통하는�것을선택하는방식을�창출해�왔다‘ ’ .

75. A young man who drinks a particular brand of beer because he identifies with the “macho” image of

the sportsmen promoting the product in TV commercials is also being influenced by referent power.

어떤�특정�상표의�맥주를�마시는�젊은이�또한�그가� 광고에서�그� 제품을�홍보하고�있는�운동선수들의남성적인이미지와�동일TV� ‘ ’

시하기�때문에�준거적�권력에�의해�영향을�받고�있다.

76. The movement will tend strongly to send the audience’s eyes racing along the road ahead of the

car to focus on the village, logically setting the mental stage for following scenes made in the

village itself.

그�움직임은�관람객의�눈을�차보다�앞서�빨리�길을�따라가도록�보내서�그� 마을에�집중하게�하는�경향이�강해서 필연적으로�마,�

을�자체에서�만들어지는�다음에�이어질�장면을�마음속으로�준비하게�할�것이다.�

33

전치사 분사구문+

77. Otherwise, it will go through a process of routinization, in which the followers switch from personal

attachment to organizational commitment, with their personal devotion to a leader being replaced by

formal commitment to a political system.

그렇지�않으면 그것은�일상화의�과정을�겪을�것인데 그�과정에서�추종자들은�지도자에�대한�그들의�개인적인�충성이�정치�체제에�,� ,�

대한�공식적인�헌신에�의해�대체되면서 그들의�개인적인�애착에서�조직에�대한�헌신으로�전환한다,� .

78. On the Western Front in the First World War, where armies were stopped up in immobile trench

lines for years, units [faced/ facing] each other negotiated covert truces.군대가�수년간�꼼짝할�수�없는�참호�방어선�안에�갇혀�있었던�제 차�세계�대전�시의�서부�전선에서�서로�마주하고�있던�부대들1

은�은밀한�휴전을�맺었다 동사.� [facing]� /� negotiated�

79. Not having a proper piece of land for a garden might seem boring, but designing a container

garden can bring many benefits. 정원을�위한�적당한�땅�한�뙈기�없는�것이�재미없어�보일지도�모르지만�용기�정원을�만드는�것은�많은�혜택을�가져올�수�있다.�


34

Practice More

(52) Likewise, setting up marine protected areas to reduce impacts generally on coral reefs to allow them to recover as quickly as possible from unavoidable bleaching would likely help.마찬가지로 산호초가�불가피한� 표백으로부터�가능한�한� 빨리�회복되게�할� 수� 있도록� 산호초에게�끼치는�일반적인�영향을�감소,�

시킬�수�있는�해양�보호�지역을�설치하는�것은�도움이�될�것�같다.

(53) How can restorers be so sure that removing a layer of lacquer isn’t merely their subconscious attempt to refashion an artwork according to contemporary tastes? What’s “restorative” about that?복원가가�도료의�층을�제거하는�것이�단지�현대적�취향에�따라�예술�작품을�개조하려는�그들의�잠재적�시도가�아니라고�어떻게�

그렇게�확신할�수�있는가?�

(54) Commanding the infamous Red Square from the southern end is St. Basil's Cathedral.남쪽�끝에서� 대성당이�악명�높은�붉은�광장을�내려다보고�있다St.� Basil� .

(55) The goal of superiority pulls people forward toward mastery and enables them to overcome obstacles, thus contributing to the development of human community.우월감이라는�목표는�우리를�성공을�위해�나아가게�하고�장애물을�극복할�수�있도록�도와주며�인간사회의�발전에�기여한다.

(56) The hole in the middle helps the kite fly fast regardless of the wind speed by concentrating the wind on days when the wind is light, and letting [it/ itself] pass through when the wind is blowing hard.가운데�구멍은�바람이�약한�날에는�바람을�모으고 바람이�강하게�불� 때는�그것이�통과해�가도록�함으로써�바람의�속도에�상관,�

없이�연이�빨리�날�수�있게�도와준다.

(57) [Teach/ Teaching] yourself to use your camera in a way that enhances your experiences by truly looking at things and noticing what is beautiful and meaningful.사물을�진심으로�바라보고�아름답고�의미�있는�것을�발견하는�것을�통해�있는�경험을�증진시키는�방법으로�카메라를�사용할�수�

있도록�스스로�가르쳐라.

(58) As feelings of anger build, such families are likely to turn into an empty shell, in which family members carry out the obligations of their roles but without mutual love or understanding.분노의� 감정들이� 쌓이면서 그러한� 가정들은� 빈껍데기로� 변할� 가능성이� 높고 그� 안에서�가정의� 구성원들은� 상호간의� 사랑이나�,� ,�

이해�없이�그들의�역할이�지닌�의무만�수행한다.

35

(59) My advice for the 95 percent or more who will never get an opportunity to play professionally is that they should focus on going to a school that they want to attend and that they’ll be happy at, knowing that if they don’t make the team, they can still enjoy the sports.절대로�프로로�뛸�기회를�잡지�못할� 퍼센트�혹은�그�이상의�학생들을�위한�저의�조언은�그들이�팀에�들어가지�못하더라도�여95

전히�그� 스포츠를�즐길�수�있다는�것을�염두에�두고 자신들이�가고�싶은�그리고�자신들이�만족할�학교에�가는�데�집중해야�한,�

다는�것입니다.

(60) Coping with the threats of nuclear warfare, global warming, organized crime, poverty, terrorism, ocean pollution, extinction of animals, AIDS, or a worldwide recession demands cooperation of opinion leaders from many countries.핵전쟁의�위협 지구�온난화 조직범죄 빈곤 테러 해양�오염 동물의�멸종 혹은�세계�경제�침체에�대처하려면�많은�나,� ,� ,� ,� ,� ,� ,� AIDS,�

라의�여론�주도자들의�협력이�요구된다.�

(61) While a cat usually communicates by leaving scent markers on objects or even on people, its ability to communicate its needs or demands, using touch, is also quite subtle and incredible.고양이는�대체로�물건이나�심지어�사람에게까지�냄새�표시를�남기는�것으로�의사소통하지만 접촉을�통해�필요나�요구사항을�전,�

달하는�능력�또한�상당히�미묘하고�놀랍다.

(62) Apart from exceptional circumstances, the conflict between the market and the elementary requirements of an organized social life provided the century with its dynamics and produced the typical strains and stresses which ultimately destroyed that society.예외적�상황은�제외하고 시장과�조직된�사회생활의�기본요건�간의�갈등은� 세기에�역동성을�주었고 그�사회를�결국에는�파괴,� 19 ,�

했던�전형적인�긴장과�스트레스를�만들어�냈다.

(63) One of the theories explaining this variation in style is that speakers adjust their speech primarily towards that of their audience in order to express solidarity or intimacy with them.이러한� 표현법의� 전환을� 설명하는� 이론� 중의� 하나는� 말하는� 사람은� 청중과의� 결속이나� 친근함을� 표현하기� 위하여� 자신의� 말을�

주로�청중의�말에�맞춘다는�것이다.�

(64) The fact that [unapproving/unproven] information is conveyed in the high-tech manner somehow adds authority to what is conveyed, when in fact the Internet is a global conveyer of unfiltered, unedited, untreated information.

입증되지�않은�정보가�이런�첨단�기술�방식으로�전달된다는�사실이�웬일인지�전달되는�내용에�권위를�더해준다�할unproven� /�

지라도 사실�인터넷은�여과되지�않고 편집되지�않고 처리되지�않은�정보를�전�세계에�전하고�있다,� ,� ,� .


36

(65) To be clear, as shown in the experiment, it wasn’t necessarily the rewards themselves that dampened the children’s interest.실험에서�보여준�바대로�분명�아이의�흥미를�꺾은�것이�꼭�보상�그�자체는�아니었다.�

(66) Once initiated, the pattern continues through to completion, independent of feedback.일단�시작되면 그�패턴은�피드백과는�관계없이�완성될�때까지�계속된다,� .

(67) Rose sat all alone in the big best parlor, with her little handkerchief laid ready to catch the first tear, for she was thinking of her troubles, and a shower was expected.

는�자기의�곤경을�생각하고�있었고�소나기�같은�눈물이�날�것�같았기�때문에 눈물이�나기만�하면�바로�훔치기�위해�자기의�Rose ,�

작은�손수건을�준비해둔�채 크고�가장�좋은�응접실에�완전히�혼자�앉아있었다,� .

(68) A British researcher found that people [walked/walking] in a park in London were significantly more likely to be spoken to by passersby if they were accompanied by a dog.

한�영국의� 연구자는� 런던의� 공원을�걷는� 사람들이� 개를� 동반하고� 있을� 때� 훨씬� 더� 지나가는� 사람이� 말을� 걸� 확률이�walking/�

높아진다는�것을�발견했다.�

(69) Einstein wanted to illuminate the workings of the universe with a clarity never before achieved, allowing us all to stand in awe of its sheer beauty and elegance.

은�이전에는�단�한�번도�성공한�적이�없을�정도로�명확하게�우주의�활동을�조명해�보기를�원했으며 그로써�우리�모두는�Einstein ,�

우주의�순수한�아름다움과�우아함에�대해�경외심을�가지고�서있게�되었다.

(70) We drive around in circles, inventing and rejecting successive hypotheses about where to find the scenic vistas that would entertain and enlighten the tourists.우리는�여행객들을�즐겁게�하고�계몽시켜�줄�그림�같은�전망을�어디에서�찾아야�할지에�관해�연속적으로�가설을�꾸며�냈다가�물

리치고�하면서�차를�몰고�빙빙�돈다.

(71) When asked by a friend if he would have done the same had there been no religious dictum or philosophical principle about helping the needy, Hobbes replied that he would.친구로부터�만약�가난한�사람들을�돕는�것에�대한�종교적�금언이나�철학적�원칙이�없었다�해도�똑같이�했겠는가라는�질문을�받

았을�때 는�그랬을�것이라고�대답했다,�Hobbes .

37

�SYNTAX� ANALYSIS 병렬 구조5.

38

병렬 구조 ϭ

주어 동사의 수 일치1) 주절의 동사와 준동사 구별2) 대칭을 이루는 내용 병렬 해석3) 동격의 명사 구별4)

병렬 관계 문장 내 역할

대등 관계and, but, or

상관 관계

not only~ but alsonot so much ~ asnot (just) ~ but

be to V what ~ be to VIt is one thing ~ and another~

동격

명사 that S V명사 명사 분사,

명사 - -명사 :

39

80. His moral rights allow him to prevent even the copyright owner from destroying, damaging, or

changing the artwork.

그의�저작�인격권은�그에게�저작권의�소유자구매자조차도�그�예술품을�파괴나�손상 혹은�변형시키지�못하도록�해�준다( ) ,� .

81. Moreover, attendance has increased and stayed at a higher level, and student reports of falling

asleep in class, of struggling to stay alert and concentrated, and of negative emotional states all

show significant improvements compared both to the same schools before the change and to other

schools with earlier start times.

더욱이 출석률이�증가하여�더�높은�수준을�유지했으며 수업�시간에�잠이�드는�행동 정신을�차려�집중�상태를�유지하려고�애쓰,� ,� ,�

는� 행동�및� 부정적인� 감정�상태에� 대한�학생들의�보고는�변화�이전의� 동일�학교�그리고�더� 일찍� 시작하는�다른�학교와�비교할�

때 모두�상당한�개선을�보여�주고�있다,� .�

82. The cost of gas at the pump incorporates the cost to find the oil, pay rent to the rulers of whatever

country sits atop it, pull it out of the ground, refine it into gasoline, and move it to your local gas

station.

주유기에서의�휘발유�비용은�기름을�찾고 그것기름 위에�있는�어느�국가든지�그곳의�통치자들에게�임대료를�지불하고 그것을�,� ( )� ,�

지면�밖으로�끌어내고 그것을�휘발유로�정제하고 그것을�여러분의�지역�주유소까지�이동시키는�비용을�포함한다,� ,� .

83. Yet through peer feedback, she begins to notice that her quick move to reassure a client, grab the

box of tissues, or give the proverbial pat on the back robs the client of important moments of

exploration.

그러나�동료의�피드백을�통해 의뢰인을�안심시키려거나�휴지�상자를�집거나�널리�알려진�방식대로�등을�토닥여�주는�그녀의�재,�

빠른�조치가�그�의뢰인으로부터� 자신을 탐구하는�중요한�순간들을�앗아간다는�것을�인식하기�시작한다( )� .

84. The only way we can extinguish this fire of our desires is by knowing the truth that all the

happiness that we seem to derive from the objects of our desire does not actually come from those

objects but only from within ourself.

이러한�우리의�열망의�불을�끌�수�있는�유일한�방법은�우리가�열망의�대상으로부터�얻는�것처럼�보이는�모든�행복이�사실은�그�

대상으로부터�오는�것이�아니라�오직�자신�속으로부터�오는�것이라는�진실을�앎으로써�이다.

85. Your knowledge obtained through your preparation, even though unstated, will have a presence and

will affect the interview and the feeling developed by the interviewer.

면접 준비를� 하며� 얻은� 여러분의� 지식은� 진술되지� 않는다� 하더라도� 존재감을� 갖게� 되어� 그� 면접과� 면접관이� 갖게� 될� 느낌에�( )�

영향을�줄�것이다.


40

86. By way of comparison with markets, the required time for the weeding out of errors (for example,

bad investments) and adjusting to changing circumstances, new information, and improved

technologies is more lengthy for governments.

시장과�비교를�해보면�실수예를�들면 잘못된�투자를�제거하고� 변화하는�환경과�새로운�정보 그리고�향상된� 과학기술에�적응( ,� ) ,�

하는�데�요구되는�시간이�정부에게는�더�길다.�

87. Then he and his team, with video cameras in hand, measured the length of their strides, the amount

of eye contact they made with their “students,” the percentage of time they spent talking, the pace

and volume of their speech, and the total length of each teaching session.

그�다음�그와�그의�팀은�손에�비디오카메라를�들고�그들의�보폭 그들이학생들과�시선을�마주치는�양 이야기하는�데�사용하는�,� ‘ ’ ,�

시간의�비율 말의�속도와�성량 그리고�매�수업�시간의�전체�길이를�측정했다,� ,� .

88. It is, therefore, one thing to have the ability to change or modify our skills and quite another to

possess the capability to reach the goals we seek.

그러므로�우리가�가진� 기술을� 변화시키거나� 수정할� 능력이� 있는�것과� 우리가� 추구하는�목표에�이를� 수� 있는�능력을� 갖는�다는�

것은�전혀�별개의�것이다.

89. We know that students introduced to their teachers as "intellectual bloomers" often do better on

achievement tests than do their counterparts who lack such a positive introduction.

우리는�자신의�선생님에게� 지적으로�재능을�발휘할� 학생으로�소개된�학생이�그러한�긍정적인�소개가�없는�학생보다�학력�검사‘ ’

에서�흔히�더�잘한다는�것을�알고�있다.

90. I did so because something about the way she spoke, how her words conveyed concern for the

cards’ rightful owner, but also sympathy for my feelings of impending loss, reached right into

me.

내가�그렇게�한�이유는 고모님께서�말씀하시는�방식 즉�고모님의�말씀이�그� 카드의�정당한�주인에�대한�걱정뿐만�아니라�나의�,� ,�

임박한�손실감에�대한�연민까지도�전달하는�방식에�관한�어떤�것이�나에게�바로�전해졌기�때문이다.

91. It is not just that heavy minerals settle more rapidly than light ones, but that sometimes they are

left behind when the coarser though less dense sediments are eroded.

그것은�단지�무거운�광물이�가벼운�광물보다�더�빨리�가라앉기�때문만이�아니라 밀도는�더�낮지만�입자가�더�굵은�퇴적물이�침,�

식될�때�무거운�광물은�그대로�남아있는�경우가�가끔�있기�때문이다.

41

92. Equally the many and often conflicting uses to which land sometimes the same plot of land can ─ ─

be put have given rise both to complex laws and serious disputes in many societies.

마찬가지로�토지�그리고�때때로�똑같은�작은�구역의�땅에�부여될�수� 있는�많은�그리고�흔히�상충되는�용도는�많은�사회에서�복

잡한�법을�생기게�하고�심각한�논쟁을�불러일으켜�왔다.�

93. Further, the importance of chat room security providing privacy as well as users not being required to

reveal their identity, giving them relative anonymity, was the main factors valued by this group of boys.

게다가 사용자에게�상대적� 익명성을�주어서�자신의� 신원을�드러내도록�요구받지�않는� 것은�물론�채팅방의� 보안이�비밀� 보장을�,�

제공하는�것의�중요성은�이�남학생�집단에게�가치�있게�여겨지는�주요�요소였다.

94. On the positive side of this system is the seemingly infinite variety of produce available all year long

that many of us now simply take for granted.

이� 체제의�긍정적인�면은� 우리들�중� 많은�이가� 이제는�그저�당연하게� 여기는�일� 년� 내내�이용�가능한�농산물의�무한해�보이는�

다양성이다.

95. The deviation from the norm as seen in excess heads or excess tails is here entirely attributable to

luck, in other words, to variance, not to the skills of the hypothetical player.

과도하게�많이�나온�앞면이나�과도하게�많이�나온�뒷면에서�보여지는�평균으로부터의�편차는�여기에서�가상의�선수의�기술이�원

인이�아니라�완전히�운 다른�말로�하면 분산에�기인한�것이다,� ,� .

96. we have already seen that the testing of therapeutic drugs is less likely to be motivated by the

desire for maximum good to all than by the desire for maximum profit.

그러나� 우리는 치료제의�시험이�모든�사람에게� 최대의�이익을�주려는�욕구보다는� 오히려� 최대의�이윤을�얻으려는�욕구에�의해�,�

유발될�가능성이�더�크다는�점을�이미�보았다.�

97. The food served at festivals is, therefore, not only richer and more splendid than what we usually

eat, but also traditional, inherited from the past and intended to be experienced as ancient custom;

the recipes and the lore associated with it are to be handed on by us for use again in ritual

celebrations.

그러므로�축제에서�제공되는�음식은�보통�먹는�것보다�더�다채롭고�훌륭할�뿐만�아니라�전통적인�것으로 과거로�부터�계승되었,�

으며�아주�오랜�관습으로�체험되도록�의도되었다.


42

98. In contrast to temperate regions where higher crop yields are projected for warming up to a few

degrees, climate change is generally expected to cause yields to decrease in the tropics because of

the predominance of rainfed agriculture.

온도가�몇�도�높아져도�더�높은�작물�수확량이�예측되는�온대�지방과는�대조적으로�열대�지방에서는�빗물에�의존하는�농업이�지

배적이기에�기후�변화는�일반적으로�수확량�감소를�야기할�것으로�예상된다.

99. Providing shelters, support groups, and other balms for the victims of injustice might have made

them feel better and, perhaps, taken care of their immediate needs, but it was the advocacy of

making the environment right for the beneficiaries that led to enduring change and avoided creating

more victims.

불평등의�피해자들에게�거처 지원�단체�및�다른�위안을�제공하는�것은�그들을�기분�좋게�하고�아마�그들의�직접적인�욕구를�해,�

결해�주었을지도�모르지만 지속적인�변화를�이끌어�내고�피해자가�더�생기는�것을�방지한�것은�환경을�수혜자에게�적절하게�만,�

드는�데�대한�지지였다.�

100. But for many of us mere mortals, ICTs, far from freeing up time to actually focus on and think

about what we are doing, have frequently compressed time to stressful levels.

하지만�보통의�인간에�지나지�않는�우리�대부분에�대해�말하자면 정보�통신�기술는�우리가�하고�있는�일에�실제�집중하거,� ICT( )

나�생각할�시간을�허용하기는커녕�스트레스가�가득�찬�수준까지�시간을�압축시켜�버렸다.

101. Lewicki concluded that “the memory representation of even a single instance relevant in some

respect to the present situation is capable of influencing the final decision”.

는현재�상황에�어떤�면에서�관련�있는�심지어�단� 한� 번뿐인�사례의�기억�표상이�최종�결정에�영향을�줄�수� 있다는�결Lewicki “ ”

론을�내렸다.�

102. When it finds a food source that is too large for it to exploit successfully alone, a foraging ant will

return quickly, and by a very direct route, to its nest.

너무�커서�혼자서는�성공적으로�이용할�수� 없는�식량원을�먹이�조달�개미가�발견하면 빠르게�그리고�매우�똑바른�경로를�이용,�

하여�둥지로�돌아올�것이다.

103. Moreover, bats move several body lengths with each wingbeat cycle, hence it is impossible to

simultaneously zoom in close enough to obtain good detail of wing motions and capture images

from an entire wingbeat.

게다가 박쥐는�각�날갯짓�주기마다�몸길이의�여러�배만큼의�거리를�이동하므로�매우�세밀한�날개의�움직임을�얻을�정도로�충분,�

히�가까이�확대하면서�동시에�하나의�완전한�날갯짓에서�나오는�이미지들을�포착하는�것은�불가능하다.

43

104. The changing energy that marked the success of the real man’s climb to fame was the awareness

of the path for his family’s sake.

실존�인물인�남자가�명성을�얻는�데�성공한�것을�뚜렷이�나타내는�변화하는�에너지는�가족을�위하여�그�길을�자각한�것이었다.�

105. This suggestion contradicted the advice of enlightened intellectuals like Voltaire, and was deeply at

odds with prevailing wisdom of the dominant classes in Britain, who feared it would discourage

deference.

이러한�제안은� 와�같은�계몽�지식인들의�조언을�부인하는�것이었으며 영국의�지배층의�일반적인�지식과�몹시�상충되는�Voltaire ,�

것이었는데 그들은�그것이�복종하려는�의욕을�꺾을�것이라고�두려워했다,� .

106. Trying to extinguish the fire of our desires by fulfilling them is like trying to extinguish a fire by

pouring petrol upon it.

그것열망들을�성취함으로써�우리의�열망의�불을�끄려고�노력하는�것은�그�위에�휘발유를�부어서�불을�끄려고�노력하는�것과�같( )

다.�


44

Practice More

(72) Try to see your driving not only as a way of getting you somewhere, but as a chance to breathe and to reflect.운전하는�것을�어떤�곳에�데려다�주는�수단으로�볼�뿐만�아니라�숨을�돌리고�숙고하는�기회로�보려고�노력해라.

(73) Although the subject of eating disorders has been given attention in the media as well as in research laboratories, very little documentation of the incidence in males has been assembled.섭식장애라는�주제가�연구소뿐만�아니라�대중매체에서도�주목을�받아왔지만 남성들의�발병에�관해�수집된�기록은�거의�없다,� .�

(74) However, discussion with Alfred Adler not only introduced him to some of the shortcomings of the various forms of the Freudian theory, but also gave him a lasting sense that Adler’s own contribution had been insufficiently appreciated by US psychologists.하지만� 와의� 토론을� 통해� 그는� 다양한� 형태의� 프로이트� 이론이� 가지는� 몇� 가지� 결점을� 알게� 되었을� 뿐� 아니라�Alfred� Adler

자신의�기여가�미국의�심리학자들에게�충분히�인정받지�못했다고�지속적으로�느끼게�되었다Adler� .

(75) Soon we no longer talk about eating but about the more general question that the experience of eating makes us think about, namely, what values are most important to us?곧�우리는�더�이상�먹는�것에�관해서�이야기하는�것이�아니라 먹기라는�경험이�우리에게�생각하게�하는�더�일반적인�문제 즉,� ,� ,�

어떤�가치가�우리에게�가장�중요한가에�관해�이야기를�나눈다.

(76) The diversity of aesthetic theories causes a problem not only because their basic concepts are not mutually agreed but because it is hard to find a standard by which they can be compared.미학이론들의�다양성은�문제를�일으키는데�그� 이유는�그들의�기본적�개념들이�서로�일치하지�않을�뿐만�아니라�그들이�서로�비

교될�수�있는�기준을�찾기가�어렵기�때문이기도�하다.

(77) In fact, most of our daily decisions do not involve existential decisions such as whom to marry or whether to have children or not, but whether to have tea or coffee, use our credit card or pay cash, or other seemingly trivial decisions.사실 우리가�날마다�내리는�대부분의�결정들은�누구와�결혼을�할� 것인지�혹은�아이들을�가질�것인지�말� 것인지와�같은�존재에�,�

관한�결정이�아니라 차를�마실�것인지�커피를�마실�것인지 신용카드를�쓸�것인지�현금을�낼�것인지 혹은�그�밖의�다른�겉보기,� ,� ,�

에�사소한�결정들을�포함한다.

45

(78) As a physician, I have forty years’ experience both in clinical research and general practice to support why the city ordinance should be passed.내과의사로서 저는�왜�시의�조례가�통과되어야�하는지를�지지해�줄� 수� 있는�임상�연구와�일반�진료에서� 년간의�경험을�지니,� 40

고�있습니다.

(79) The carbon dioxide that is emitted causes global warming and the air pollutants [that/ what] spit out from the car exhaust pipes have been proven to cause cancer.배출되는� 이산화탄소는� 지구온난화를� 초래한고� 자동차의� 배기가스에서� 뿜어져� 나오는� 대기� 오염� 물질은� 암을� 유발한다는� 것이�

입증되었다.

(80) When threatened, some insects play dead by [lying/laying] on their backs, tucking their legs and antennae close to their bodies, and staying motionless.위협을�받을�때�어떤�벌레들은�뒤로�누워�다리와�더듬이를�몸�쪽으로�가까이�구부려�당기고�움직이지�않음으로써�죽은�척한다.

(81) The number of people who pointed out the availability of home broadband Internet as the main reason was as large as that of people who mentioned that they could use Internet somewhere else.주요�이유로�가정� 내� 광대역�인터넷의� 이용�가능성을� 지적한� 사람들의�수는� 인터넷을�다른� 장소에서�사용할�수� 있다고� 언급한�

사람들의�수와�같았다.�

(82) We are prone to forget that the wealth of nations depends as much upon the resources of nature as upon the courage and resourcefulness of men.국가의�부는� 사람의�용기와�인적자원의�풍부함에� 의존하는�만큼이나�천연자원에�의존한다는�것을�우리는�잊어버리는�경향이�있

다.

(83) You could do as well or better by selecting a group randomly and letting it solve the problem as by spending a lot of time trying to find the smart agents and then putting them alone on the problem.당신은�집단을�무작위로�선택하고�그� 집단으로�하여금�문제를�해결하도록�함으로써�많은�시간을�들여�똑똑한�주체들을�찾아�그

들만으로�문제를�해결하도록�하는�것만큼�혹은�그보다�더�잘�할�수�있다.

(84) How high you will rise depends not so much on how hard you work as on how well you think.당신이�얼마나�높이�올라갈지는�얼마나�열심히�일하느냐�보다는�얼마나�잘�생각하느냐에�달려�있다.


46

(85) A long-established fact of psychological functioning is that it is not so much the particular circumstance that upsets the person involved, as it is the violation of his or her expectations.심리적�기능에�대한�오랜�기간�정착된�한� 가지�사실은�관련된�사람을�기분�상하게�하는�것은�특정�상황이�아니라�그�사람의�기

대치를�위배하는�것이다� 즉 사람들은�상황�때문이�아니라�자신이�기대한�대로�일이�전개되지�않아�기분이�상하게�된다는�의미( ,�

임).

(86) The lower a species ranks in the hierarchy of evolution, the more likely its young are to be born ready-made and prepared to participate in life.진화의�분류�체계상�더�하위�종일수록 그�새끼들은�완성된�상태로�태어나서�삶에�참여하도록�준비가�되어�있을�가능성이�더�크,�

다.

(87) The [calmer/ more calmly] you are, the better prepared you will be to handle the situation.침착하면�침착할수록�이�상황을�더욱�잘�처리할�수�있다.

47

�SYNTAX� ANALYSIS 관계사6.

48

관계사 전치사 / + wh~ ϭ

전치사 관계사 선행사가 해석의 열쇠1) + :

전치사 명사절 접속사 하기 때문에 에 대하여 등 부사적으로 해석2) + : ~ , ~ ..

관계사

S V 선행사 전치사 + wh

선행사 some of wh~

명사절

S V 명사절 목적어 S V

명사 전치사+ 명사절 S V

49

107. Our world is filled with piles of words, many of which are full of sound and fury, signifying

nothing.

결과적으로 우리가�하는�말의�이면에�있었을�수도�있는 일반�사람들이�보통�갖고�있고�깊이�공유하고�있는�의미의�그�어떤� 표,� ,� ‘

준 이라�하더라도�흩어져서�사라진다’� .

108. This reduces considerably the time to search through files and identify prints of those whose prints

are close to the ones found at the place where a crime was committed.

이것은� 자료를� 검색해서� 범행이� 일어난� 장소에서� 발견된� 것들과� 비슷한� 지문을� 가진� 사람들의� 지문을� 확인하는� 시간을� 상당히�

단축시킨다.�

109. For example, they will give more weight to a dream in which God commands them to take a year

off to travel the world than one in which God commands them to take a year off to work in a

relief camp.

예를�들어� 그들은�신이�그들에게� 년간�휴가를�내어�구호�수용소에서�봉사하라고�명하는�꿈보다�신이�그들에게� 년간�휴가를�,� 1 1

내어�세계를�여행하라고�면하는�꿈에�더�큰�비중을�둘�것이다.

110. One way to accomplish this is to have the noisemaker remotely controlled by someone who fires it

only when an animal is nearby. This, however, is too labor-intensive to be practical for most

wildlife damage problems.

이것을�해내는�한�가지�방법은�소리를�내는�장치가�동물이�근접했을�때만�그것을�발사하는�사람에�의해�원격으로�조종되게�하는�

것이다.�

111. An additional trend in consumer behaviour is what is referred to as 'time deepening' in which the

individual is involved in more than one activity at the same time.

소비자�행동의�또�하나의�경향은�개인이�동시에�한�가지가�넘는�활동에�참여하는 소위� 시간�심화라고�불리는�것현상이다,� ' ' ( ) .

112. In contrast, ideas that drain resources away from other more valuable uses and turn them into

something not as valuable to consumers result in losses, which will provide entrepreneurs with a

strong incentive to discontinue such projects.

반면에 자원을�더� 가치�있는�이용으로부터� 빼내어�그것들을� 소비자들에게�그만큼� 가치가� 있지�않은�것으로�변화시키는� 아이디,�

어들은�손실을�일으키는�결과를�낳는데 그것들은�기업가들에게�그�프로젝트들을�계속할 중지할강력한�동기를�제공할�것이다,� (- ) .


50

113. Gardening records were burned, and temples, some of which had ancient, irreplaceable plantings,

were neglected or razed.

원예에�관한�기록들은�소각되었으며 사원들은 그�중�일부는�오래된�귀중한�수목을�가지고�있었는데 방치되거나�완전히�파괴되,� ,� ,�

었다.�

114. Live audiences also occupy localized or specialized spaces dedicated to an activity, such as

stadiums and theaters, which are reserved for the activity and sit vacant at other times.

실황�공연의�관객은�또한�경기장이나�극장처럼�어떤�활동�전용으로�쓰이는�특정�지역에�있거나�전문화된�공간을�차지하는데 그,�

것들공간은�그�활동을�위해�준비되지만�다른�경우에는�비어�있다( ) .�

115. Beyond politics, “Machiavellian” is still used today to depict an utterly self-serving way of thinking

and acting, the ultimate purpose of which is personal gain.

정치�이외에도� 마키아벨리�식의 라는�말은�완전히�자기�잇속만�차리는�사고방식과�행동방식을�묘사하기�위해�오‘ (Machiavellian)’

늘날에도�여전히�사용되고�있는데 그것의그런�사고방식과�행동방식의 궁극적인�목적은�개인적인�이득이다,� ( )�

116. However, the Latin risicum, which describes a specific scenario faced by sailors attempting to avoid

the danger posed by a barrier reef, seems a more appropriate derivation for use in relation to

disaster management, where the term’s connotation is always negative.

그러나� 보초에� 의해� 야기되는� 위험을� 피하려고� 시도하는� 선원들이� 직면하는� 특정한� 상황을� 묘사하는� 라틴어의� 은� 재난�risicum

관리와�관련된�사용에�더�적절한�어원으로�보이는데 이�부분재난�관리에서�이�용어의�함축된�의미는�항상�부정적이다,� ( ) .

117. The researchers had made this happen by lengthening the period of daylight to which the peach

trees on whose roots the insects fed were exposed.

연구자들은�그�뿌리를�곤충들이�먹는�복숭아나무가�햇빛에�노출되는�기간을�늘려서�이�일이�발생하게�했다.

118. We all have a backstage, the hidden zone where we feel our emotions, and a stage front, the

social arena where we present the emotions we choose to reveal.

우리는�모두�감정을�느끼는�숨겨진�장소인�무대�뒤편�공간이�있으며 드러내기로�선택한�감정을�보여�주는�사회적�활동�영역인�,�

무대�앞�공간이�있다.

51

119. The implication of this comparison is that how users judge credibility on the Web is sensitive to

the specific fields in which the judgments are being made.

이러한�비교의�시사점은�사용자들이�웹사이트의�신뢰성을�어떻게�판단하느냐�하는�것은�그�판단이�이루어지고�있는�특정�분야에�

민감하다는�것이다.�

120. In the next part of the experiment, students were presented with the choice of approaching one of

two new experimenters, one of whom physically resembled the first interviewer.

그�실험의�다음�부분에서 학생들은�두�명의�새� 실험자들�중� 한� 명이�신체적�측면에서�첫�번째�면접관을�닮은�사람에게�접근하,�

는�것에�대한�선택권을�제공받았다.

121. Possibly, in the future, researchers will have collected sufficient data from which to propose a

theory regarding the causes of and cures for a given disease.

아마도�미래에는�연구원들이�특정한�질병의�원인과�치료에�관한�이론을�내놓기에�충분한�자료를�다�수집하게�될�것이다.�

122. The result is a turbulent sandy swirl whose effect is to lift the sand grains and keep them in

suspension, to be carried up the beach face again by the next upbrush.

그�결과로�사납게�요동치는�모래가�섞인�소용돌이가�생기는데�이�소용�돌이가�모래�알갱이들을�들어�올려�그것들을�부유하는�상

태로�유지시켜�다음에�치솟는�파도에�의해�그것들은�다시�파도가�덮치는�해변으로�끌려�올라가게�된다.

123. When the inventor then generates initial invention designs, he often constrains the form of the

invention through implicit analogies to components of nature or existing products whose function

matches or approximates that of the intended invention.

그러고�나서�발명가가�최초의�발명품�디자인을�만들�때 그는�자연의�구성�요소�또는�그�기능이�의도된�발명품의�기능과�일치하,�

거나�비슷한�기존의�상품과의�은연중에�내포된�유사성을�통해서�흔히�발명품의�형태를�제한한다.

124. This stage may be the point at which other, less right driven, people begin to make the purchase

because of some form of enhanced status derived from using the product.

이�단계는�덜� 윤리적인�동기에�의해�움직여서 그�물건을�사용하는�것으로부터�얻는�일종의�향상된�지위�때문에�다른�사람들이�,�

구매하기�시작하는�시점일�것이다


52

125. When you see a magic show, you are observing within the theoretical framework of entertainment

by illusion, in which what you see is almost certainly not what it appears to be.

마술�쇼를�볼�때�여러분은�착각에�의한�오락이라는�이론적�틀�안에서�관찰하고�있으며 그� 틀 안에서�여러분이�보는�것은�거의�,� ( )�

틀림없이�보이는�그대로가�아니다.�

126. Because losses are more bad than gains are good, the mug or pen with which you have been

“endowed” is worth more to you than it is to a potential trading partner.

이익이� 좋기� 보다는� 손실이� 더� 나쁘기� 때문에 여러분에게주어졌던머그잔이나� 펜은� 잠재적인� 교환� 상대에게보다는� 여러분에게�,� ‘ ’

더�가치가�있다.�

127. You would also have to change the memories of all of the thousands of critical moments which

followed that were affected by that initial trauma.

여러분은�또한�그�최초의�정신적�충격에�의해�영향을�받은�이후의�수천�개의�모든�결정적�순간들에�대한�기억을�바꾸어야�할�것

이다.�

53

Practice More

(88) A certain amount of self-examination is useful, but even that should be directed toward what to do in a given situation and not at who you are.어떤�정도의�자아�반성은�유용하지만�그것조차도�자신이�누구인가가�아니라�주어진�상황에서�무엇을�할지에�방향이�맞춰져야�한

다.�

(89) Whenever possible, kids ought to be engaged in coming up with a blueprint of what something will look like when it‘s finished.가능할�때마다�아이들은�어떤�것이�완성되었을�때�어떤�모습을�지니게�될지에�대한�설계도를�생각해�내는�데�참여해야�한다.�

(90) Moreover, for entrance into the university, pre-university examination results would provide a guide as to whether a student has the minimum qualifications necessary.더욱이�대학�입학을�위한�대학�전�시험�결과는�한�학생이�필요한�최소한의�자격을�갖고�있는지에�관한�길잡이를�제공한다.

(91) Each has advantages, depending on which players need to interact and what the objective is.각�대형마다�어느�선수들이�상호�작용을�해야�하는지�그리고�목표가�무엇인지에�따라�이점이�있다.

(92) Questions like these are often highly embarrassing because there are no definite methodological principles on which to base such an analysis.이러한�질문들은�그러한�분석의�토대가�되는�명확한�방법론적�원칙들이�없어서�종종�대단히�당혹스럽다.

(93) This gives rise to the idea that there are critical periods during which experience is necessary to properly shape neural circuits for certain functions.이것은�경험이�어떤�기능을�위해�적절하게�신경�회로를�형성하는�데�필요한�결정적�시기가�있다는�생각을�낳게�했다.

(94) The most obvious result is a large increase in the sheer volume of stuff communicated, much of which is utterly trivial.가장�명백한�결과는�주고받은�의사소통의�양이�크게�증가했다는�것인데 그것의�많은�부분은�아주�사소한�것이다,� .�


54

(95) Although many learned the art of musical performance in the privacy of their own homes, some attended small private music schools, of which there were many in Europe.비록�많은�사람이�자신의�집에서�사적으로�음악�연주법을�배웠지만 어떤�사람들은�소규모의�사립�음악�학교에�다니기도�했는데,� ,�

이�학교�중에서�많은�수가�유럽에�있었다.�

(96) Science seeks to explain the endlessly diverse phenomena of nature by ignoring the uniqueness of particular events, concentrating on what they have in common and finally abstracting some kind of “law,” in term of which they make sense and can be effectively dealt with.특정한� 현상들의�독특함은�무시하고 그�현상들이�공통으로�가지고�있는�것에� 집중해서�마침내�어떤�종류의�법칙을� 추출함으로,�

써 과학은� 끝없이� 다양한� 자연� 현상들을� 설명하려고� 노력한다 그� 법칙의� 관점에서� 다양한� 현상들은� 의미가� 있고 효과적으로�,� .� ,�

다루어질�수�있다.

(97) One company developed what it called a "technology shelf," created by a small group of engineers, on which were placed possible technical solutions that other teams might use in the future.한� 회사는� 작은� 집단의� 기술자들이�만든 그� 회사가� 기술� 선반 이라고� 부르는� 것을� 개발했는데 그� 위에는�미래에� 다른�팀이�, ,� " " ,�

사용할�수도�있는�가능한�기술적인�해결책들이�올려져�있었다.

(98) Pet nutrition focuses on maximizing the long-term health and well-being of the pet, for which there are few short-term measures, and on the emotional ties between pets and owners.애완용�동물의�영양은�애완동물의장기적인�건강과�행복을�극대화하는�것과� 거기에�대해서는�단기적인�조치들은�없다 주인과의�- -�

정서적�유대관계에�초점을�맞춘다.

(99) The implication of this comparison is that how users judge credibility on the Web is sensitive to the specific fields in which the judgments are being made.이러한�비교의�시사점은�사용자들이�웹사이트의�신뢰성을� 어떻게�판단하느냐는�그�판단이� 이루어지고�있는�특정�분야에�민감하

다는�것이다.

55

(100) Though some people have felt that only the lonely play with imaginary playmates, our research makes it very evident that it is often the highly superior and imaginative child who invents these creatures.

비록�어떤�사람들은�오직�외로운�사람들만이�가상의�놀이�친구들과� � 다고�생각해�왔지만 우리의�연구는�이러한�것들을�발명해,�

내는� �이들이�종종�대단히�우수하고� �상상력이�풍부한�아이라는�점을�매우�명백히�한다.

(101) The first appearance of a shining star in a darkening evening sky can take you out into the universe if you combine what you see with the twin facts that the star is merely one of the closest of the galaxy’s 200 billion stars and that its light began traveling decades ago.

어두운�저녁�하늘에서�빛나는�별의�첫�모습은�우리가�보는�것을 그�별이�단지�은하계의� 천억�개의�별들�중�가장�가까운�별들�,� 2

중�하나라는�것과�그것의�빛이�수십�년�전에�이동하기�시작했다는�두�가지�사실과�결합시키면�우리를�우주�밖으로�데려갈�수�있

을�것이다.

(102) My advice for the 95 percent or more who will never get an opportunity to play professionally is that they should focus on going to a school that they want to attend and that they’ll be happy at, knowing that if they don’t make the team, they can still enjoy the sports.

절대로�프로로�뛸�기회를�잡지�못할� 퍼센트�혹은�그�이상의�학생들을�위한�저의�조언은�그들이�팀에�들어가지�못하더라도�여95

전히�그� 스포츠를�즐길�수�있다는�것을�염두에�두고 자신들이�가고�싶은�그리고�자신들이�만족할�학교에�가는�데�집중해야�한,�

다는�것입니다.

(103) Nora walked slowly along with her dog, her chocolate Labrador, who was content to walk by her side, a wet tennis ball in his mouth.는�그녀의�초콜릿�색� 래브라도�종� 개와�함께�천천히�걸었는데 그�개는�젖은�테니스공을�입에�물고서�그녀의�옆에서�걷는�Nora ,�

것에�만족했다.

(104) Apart from exceptional circumstances, the conflict between the market and the elementary requirements of an organized social life provided the century with its dynamics and produced the typical strains and stresses which ultimately destroyed that society.

예외적�상황은�제외하고 시장과�조직된�사회생활의�기본요건�간의�갈등은� 세기에�역동성을�주었고 그�사회를�결국에는�파괴,� 19 ,�

했던�전형적인�긴장과�스트레스를�만들어�냈다.

(105) It is not just that the oceans cover so much of the planet’s surface that makes them so important.

대양을�그토록�중요하게�해주는�것은�단지�대양이�지표면을�매우�많이�감싸고�있기�때문만은�아니다.

�SYNTAX� ANALYSIS 접속사7.

56

접속사의 종류 ϭ

대등 관계1) 종속 접속사2)

명사절 접속사 형용사절 접속사 부사절 접속사

접속사의 종류 문장 내 역할

대등 관계 and, but, or

not only~ but alsonot so much ~ as

not just ~ but

종속 접속사

명사절 접속사 - that / what - if / whether - what

형용사절 접속사관계대명사 - 관계부사 -

부사절 접속사 if unless ..

Were I ~ ,But for ~,

Provided (that) ~ ,Given (that) ~ ,

57

128. Probably most, if not all, of what you ate came either from supermarkets, where the food prepared

by others is sold, or in dining establishments such as restaurants and cafeterias, where food grown

by some people is cooked and served by others.

전부는�아닐지라도�여러분이�먹은�것의�대부분은�다른�사람들에�의해�마련된�식량이�판매되고�있는�슈퍼마켓이나�어떤�사람들에�

의해�재배된�식량이�다른�사람들에�의해�요리되고�차려지는�음식점이나�카페테리아�같은�식사시설에서�왔을�것이다.

129. Sidney Mintz shows how the Industrial Revolution in England, supported by slave labor on

Caribbean plantations, made sugar the mainstay of the masses in both locations and linked diverse

populations together through the movements of goods and capital.

는�어떻게�영국의�산업�혁명이�카리브해의�농장의�노예�노동력의�지원을�받아�두�지역�모두에서�설탕을�일반�대중Sidney�Mintz

의�생업으로�만들었고�물품과�자본의�이동을�통하여�다양한�사람들을�연결했는지�보여�준다

130. They report that the children most likely to overeat or to eat when they were not hungry (right

after a meal) were those whose parents were the most controlling in regard to what, when and

how much they should eat.

과식하거나�배가�고프지�않은�때에도� 식사�직후 먹을�가능성이�가장�많은�아이들은�무엇을 언제 얼마나�먹어야�하는가에�고( )� ,� ,�

나해�가장�통제적인�부모를�가진�아이들이었다고�그들은�보고한다.�

131. Medicine became a respected profession only after discoveries made in other fields such as

physiology, microbiology, and health practices grounded it scientifically.

의학은�생리학 미생물학 의료업과�같은�다른�분야에서�이루어진�발견들이�과학적으로�그것의학의�토대를�마련한�뒤에야�존중,� ,� ( )

받는�전문직이�되었다.

132. Now that they are very important, a new generation of technology is needed that performs these

labor-saving functions, but with much greater sensitivity to the environment.

이제�환경� 비용이� 매우� 중요하므로� 이런�노동� 절약�기능을�수행하지만�환경에�대하여�훨씬� 더� 세심한� 주의를� 기울이는� 새로운�

세대의�과학기술이�요구된다.�


58

133. They did not hit upon a satisfactory method of avoiding shrinking of the skin until the foundation

of the New Kingdom, so the few proper mummies dating from before about 1600 BC give us little

idea of what their subjects looked like.

그들은� 신왕국이�수립되어서야�비로소�피부가�오그라드는� 것을�피할�수� 있는�만족스러운�방법을�발견했기�때문에 연대가�대략�,�

기원전� 년�이전�시대의�것이라고�추정되는�몇�안�되는�제대로�된�미라는�그�미라의�주인공이�어떤�모습이었는지에�대해�우1600

리에게�거의�알려주지�못한다.

134. Some problem-solving researchers have emphasized the need to look closely at the way

problems are defined, framed, or constructed before the process of solving them can even

begin.

일부�문제해결�연구원들은�문제�해결�과정이�시작되기도�전에�문제가�정의되고 표현되고 혹은�구성되는�과정에�주목해야�할�필,� ,�

요성을�강조하여�왔다

135. When Harker and Keltner inherited the study in the 1990s, they wondered if they could predict

from the senior-year smile alone what these women’s married lives would turn out to be like.

년대에� 와� 가�그�연구를�이어서�했을�때 그들은�졸업�사진의�미소만으로�이�여성들의�결혼�생활이�어떻게�1990 Harker� Keltner ,�

될�것�같은지를�예측할�수�있을지가�궁금했다.�

136. Once they get there, they concentrate on the next mogul, and over the course of the run, they end

up at the bottom of what others thought was an impossible mountain.

일단�그들이�거기에�도달하면�그들은�다음번�모굴에�집중하고 비탈�코스가�끝나면�마침내�다른�이들은�불가능한�산이라고�생각,�

했던�밑바닥에�다다른다.�

137. Excesses of zeal, imprudence of judgement, and even intemperance of language ought often to be

tolerated in the student press when similar offenses would not be tolerated in the ordinary press,

for often it is better that the indiscretions of youthful judgement be endured than that the faculty

of forming resolute opinions should be discouraged.

열정의�과도함 판단의�경솔함 그리고�심지어�언어의�무절제함도 그와 비슷한�어긋나는�행위들이�보통의�언론에서는�용인되지�,� ,� ,� ( )�

않을지라도�학생�언론에서는�흔히�용인되어야�하는데 왜냐하면�흔히는�단호한�의견을�형성하는� 학생들의 능력이�좌절되는�것,� ( )�

보다는�젊은이다운�판단의�무분별함을�참아주어야�하는�것이�더�타당하기�때문이다.�

59

138. Science’s methods and those of detective work are similar, as is the excitement generated when an

answer comes into focus.

과학의�방법과�탐정�작업의�방법은�비슷하며�해답이�뚜렷해질�때�발생하는�흥분도�비슷하다.�

139. But in civilized societies men are even more enveloped by clothes than women, and so this

important cutaneous means of early communication between father and child tends to be nullified

by this artificial barrier.

그러나� 문명화된� 사회에서� 남성들은� 여성들보다� 옷으로� 훨씬� 더� 감싸져� 있어서 아버지와� 자녀� 사이의� 이� 중요한� 피부로� 하는�,�

초기�의사소통�수단은�이러한�인공적인�장벽에�의해�효력을�잃게�되는�경향이�있다.�

140. In our view these two concepts are problematic in that they confuse the increasing interlinking and

simultaneity of two separate practices production and consumption with the conflation of these — —two practices.

우리의�관점에서�이�두�개념은�두�개의�별개의�관행인�생산과�소비의�증가하는�연관성�및�동시성과�이�두�관행의�융합을�혼동한

다는�점에서�문제가�있다.�

141. The emphasis that modernization theorists placed on industrialization and economic growth was a

product of the underlying belief that because the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America were

backward and undeveloped, they needed to imitate the Western experience of industrialization to

attain the assumed superior standards of living found in Europe and North America.

근대화�이론가들이�산업화와�경제�성장을�강조했던�것은�아시아 아프리카 그리고�라틴아메리카의�국가들이�뒤처지고�개발되지�,� ,�

않았기�때문에�그들은�유럽과�북아메리카에서�보이는�더�높은�생활수준으로�여겨지는�것들을�성취하기�위해�서구의�산업화�경험

을�모방할�필요가�있었다는�근본적인�믿음의�산물이었다.

142. Whether or not we’re aware that the length of our strides and the amount of time we spend

talking and smiling mark us as introverts and extroverts, we know it involuntarily.

우리의�보폭과�우리가�이야기하고�미소를�짓는�데�보내는�시간의�양이�우리를�내성적인�사람과�외향적인�사람으로�특징짓는다는�

것을�우리가�인지하고�있든지�아니든지�간에 우리는�그것을�무의식적으로�알고�있다,� .�

143. After they've made a decision, they lie to themselves about why they made the decision and

about whether it was the right one in the circumstances.결정을�내린�이후에�그들은�왜�그런�결정을�내렸는지에�대해 그리고�그�결정이�그�상황에서�옳은�것이었는지에�대해�자기�자신,�

을�기만한다 전치사�명사절�.� �

144. They are also increasingly concerned about how products are made and the nature of their

ingredients and materials. 또한�그들은�어떻게�제품이�만들어�지는지와�제품의�성분과�재료의�본질에�대해�점점�더�관심을�가진다 전치사�명사절�.�


60

145. It's amazing how little it takes to spark the imitation instinct. 모방�본능을�촉발시키는�데�그다지�큰�수고를�들이지�않아도�된다는�것은�놀랍다 가주어�.� [it� /� how~]

146. Obviously one of the judgments the public has of us is whether or not our telephone service is good. 분명히�대중이�우리에�대해�가지고�있는�평가�중의�하나는�우리의�전화�서비스가�좋은지의�여부입니다.�

147. Even advocates of free market economies now realize [what / that] some regulation is desirable.자유�시장�경제를�옹호하는�이들조차�이제�어느�정도의�규제는�바람직하다는�것을�깨닫고�있다.� [that]

148. There is a widely held notion that does plenty of damage, the notion of ‘scientifically proved’.많은�피해를�끼치고�있는�널리�받아들여지고�있는�개념 즉� 과학적으로�입증된 이라는�개념이�있다 동격�명사로�부연설명,� ' '� .� [ ]

149. Fairness in architecture, of course, does not always mean absolute equality, since people are

not absolutely the same, and this is [what / where] prudence, another virtue, comes into play. 사람들은�전혀�똑같지�않기에 건축의�공정성이란�물론�항상�절대적�평등을�의미하는�것은�아니며 이�부분에서�바로�또�다른�덕,� ,�

목인�신중함이�작용하기�시작한다 주격보어�의문사절.� [where]�

150. In a study of army tank crews, one set of tank commanders told [who / that] some members

of their assigned crews had exceptional abilities while others were only average.군�전차병을�대상으로�한� 연구에서�한�집단의�전차장들은�배치된�병사�중�일부가�특출한�능력을�가진�반면�다른�병사들은�보통

에�불과하다는�말을�들었다.� � [that]

151. Ecosystems are generally very efficient in cycling matter, in [which / that] most matter is

cycled over and over within the ecosystem itself.생태계는�일반적으로�물질을�순환시키는�데� 매우�효율적인데 대부분의�물질이�생태계�자체�내에서�반복적으로�순환된다는�점에,�

서�그러하다.� in� [that]� ~

152. If it is true that there is always more than one way of seeing things, then the difficulty is to

find other points of view from [what / which] to choose.사물을�바라보는�방식이�언제나�한� 가지�넘게�존재한다는�것이�사실이라면 어려운�점은�택일할�수� 있는�다른�관점들을�찾아내,�

는�것이다.[which]=points� of� view

61

Practice More

(106) Otherwise, they will not be exposed to their cultural heritage, for unless the classics are read in school, chances are they won't be read at all.

그렇지� 않으면 그들은� 자신들의� 문화적� 유산에� 접하게� 되지� 않을� 것인데� 고전이� 학교에서� 읽혀지지� 않으면� 아마도� 그� 것들은�,�

결코�읽혀지지�않을�것이기�때문이다 왜냐하면.� [for� +� S� +� V� ~]

(107) This is why, for example, all seagulls throughout the world make the same sound to indicate the presence of danger.

이것이�일례로�전�세계의�모든�갈매기가�위험의�존재를�나타내기�위해�같은�소리를�내는�이유이다.�

(108) Moreover, when performers receive and react to visual feedback from the audience, a performance can become truly interactive, involving genuine communication between all involved.

더욱이 연주자들이�청중으로부터�시각적인�피드백을�받고�그것에�반응할�때 공연은�관련된�모든�사람들�사이의�진심�어린�소통,� ,�

을�수반하며�진정으로�상호적이�될�수�있다.

(109) And as we grow to acknowledge the pleasure that attends animals' lives, evidence for it will grow rapidly, for we are more likely to find something when we are looking for the emotion.

그리고�우리가�동물의�삶에�수반되는�즐거움을�인정하게�될�때�그것에�대한�증거는�급증하게�될�것이다 왜냐하면�우리가�그�감.�

정을�찾으려�할�때�무언가를�찾을�가능성은�더�높아지기�때문이다 접속사.� for�

(110) If there is to be toleration in the world, one of the things taught in schools must be the habit of weighing evidence, and the practice of not giving full consent to propositions which there is no reason to believe true.

이�세상에�관용이�있으려면 학교에서�가르쳐야�할� 것� 중의�하나는�증거를�신중히�고려하는�습관 그리고�사실이라고�믿을�만한�,� ,�

근거가�없는�진술에�대해서는�전적인�동의를�하지�않는�습관�이어야�한다.

(111) Just as copyrights may be transferred in writing, moral rights may be abandoned if done so in writing too.

저작권이�서면을�통해�양도될�수�있는�것처럼�저작�인격권�역시�서면으로�양도된다면 권리가 포기될�수도�있을�것이다,� [ ]� .

(112) One of the commodities in life that most people can’t get enough of is compliments. The ego is never so intact that one can’t find a hole in which to plug a little praise.

대부분의� 사람들이�삶에서�충분하게� 얻을� 수� 없는� 것� 중� 하나가�칭찬이다 자아는� 칭찬을� 꽂을� 구멍을� 찾지� 못할�만큼� 정도로�.�

완전하지�않다.


62

(113) Where 10 or 20 percent off might [give / have given] shoppers a thrill before, today they want 50 or even 60 percent off.

전에는 퍼센트�또는� 퍼센트의�할인이�구매자에게�흥분을�주었지만�오늘은�구매자들이� 퍼센트�또는�심지어� 퍼센트의�할10 20 50 60

인을�원한다 했을지도�모른다.� [have� given]� ~ .

(114) Although we normally think of floods as destructive events, flood plain ecosystems depend on floods.

우리는�보통�홍수를�파괴적인�사건으로�생각하지만�범람원의�생태계는�홍수에�의존한다.�

(115) When the flood waters slow down, they deposit sediment, thus [expand / expanding] the delta.

흘러넘친�물의�속도가�느려지면�퇴적물을�침전시켜�삼각주를�확장하게�된다.[expanding]

(116) In contrast, if we have a sensor for every one of the hundreds of vines, we can use cheaper, less sophisticated sensors as long as they do not introduce a systematic bias].

반면에 만약�우리가�수백�그루의�포도나무�한� 그루마다�감지기를�가진다면 우리는�더�저렴하고�덜�정교한�감지기를�사용할�수�,� ,�

있다그�감지기들이�일관되게�편의편중된�결과를�보이지�않는�한[ [ ] ]./[they� =� cheaper,� less� sophisticated� sensors]

(117) Because everyone participates in shaping the political regime and its institutions, no one is able to overly impose his or her power on another.

모든�사람들이�정치�체제와�그것의�제도를�형성하는�데�참여하기�때문에�아무도�자신의�권력을�다른�사람에게�과도하게�행사�할�

수�없다 를� 에�부과하다.� [impose� A� on� B� :� A B ]

(118) As long as children are reading, they might as well read something worth remembering.

아이들이�독서를�하고�있다면 그들은�기억할�만한�가치가�있는�것을�읽는�편이�낫다 하는게�낫다,� .� [might� as� well� -~ ]

(119) Whether they like them or not, they need to learn what real reading is.그들이�그�책들을�좋아하건�안�하건 그들은�진정한�독서가�무엇인지를�배울�필요가�있다 어순�주의 의문사�,� .� [ -� S� V]

(120) Studies of memory show that people have a hard time remembering negative experiences and that they often reinterpret negative experiences, so that they are remembered as being less awful than they really were.

기억에� 관한�연구는� 사람들이�부정적인�경험을�기억해내는�데� 어려움을�겪으며 부정적인� 경험을�흔히� 재해석하여�부정적인� 경,�

험을�실제보다�덜�끔찍한�것으로�기억한다는�것을�보여�준다.

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(121) By concentrating so much talent in one place, Bangalore makes it easier for that talent to teach itself and for outsiders, whether from Singapore or Silicon Valley, to connect easily with Indian human capital.

한� 곳에� 매우� 많은� 재능� 있는� 사람들을� 집중시킴으로써 는� 그� 재능� 있는� 사람들이� 스스로� 배우는� 것을 그리고�,� Bangalore ,�

에서�왔든지� 에서�왔든지�간에�외부인들이�쉽게�인도의�인적�자원과�결합하는�것을�더�용이하게�만들고�Singapore Silicon� Valley

있다.

(122) When you joined the Advantage Card Program you expressed a preference not to receive mail from us.

프로그램에�가입하실�때 귀하께서는�저희가�보내는�메일을�수신하지�않겠다고�선택하셨습니다Advantage� Card� ,� .�

(123) When it becomes important for a game to continue to a conclusion, as in professional sports, the game becomes a formal system with judges or umpires [which / who] are given the authority to make the final decisions.

프로� 스포츠에서와� 같이� 경기가� 계속� 진행되어� 승패가� 결정되는� 것이� 중요할� 때는 경기는� 최종� 결정을� 내릴� 권한을� 부여받은�,�

심사�위원이나�심판이�있는�공식�제도가�된다.[who]

(124) There is a "language" of mathematics with its own symbols and terminology, mysterious to nonspecialists, while most literary works are written in language which, if not always of the "everyday" kind, is at least familiar.

수학� 언어라는�것이�있는데�그것은�비전문가에게는�불가사의한�자체의�기호와�전문용어를�가지고�있지만 대부분의�문학�작품은�‘ ’ ,�

항상� 일상적 형태는�아니라�하더라도�적어도�친숙한�언어로�쓰여�있다‘ ’� .

(125) If you can, however, see how some of these schedules can be applied to child-rearing practices or help explain gambling behaviors then you are more likely to remember the principles.

하지만�여러분이�이러한�스케줄의�일부가�어떻게�자녀�양육의�실제에�적용될�수� 있는지�또� 어떻게�도박�행위를�설명하는�데� 도

움을�줄�수�있을지�알게�된다면 여러분은�그�원리들을�더�잘�기억할�것이다 주어�앞�부사절이�긴�경우,� .� [ ]

(126) If we value endangered birds, why don't we assign at least as much value to endangered languages, [which / whose] importance would be easier for us humans to understand? 유형편 강 번[ 4 12 ]

우리가�멸종�위험에�처한�새들을�가치�있게�여긴다면 왜�사멸�위기에�처한�언어에�대해� 그� 중요성을�우리�인간들이�이해하기�,� [

더�쉬운데도�불구하고 최소한�같은 그만큼의 똑같은 가치를�부여하지�않는�것인가]� [as�much� :� ,� ]� ?� [whose]


64

(127) It follows that their most common alternative names are multimedia, interactive media and digital media.

그렇기에�그것들의�가장�일반적인� 다른�이름이� 다중�매체 쌍방향�매체 디지털� 매체라는�이야기가�된다 그래서,� ,� .� [It� follows� :� ]�

이디엄�

(128) Control over fire, of course, also led to baking, ceramics and smelting, which enabled metal daggers and then swords to be constructed.

불에�대한�통제는�물론�빵�굽기 도예 그리고�제련으로도�이어졌으며 제련은� 금속제의�짧은�칼과�이어서�긴�칼을�만들,� ,� ,� [which]�

어지게�했다.[to� be� constructed]

(129) As they get older, children begin to ask questions about their world, such as how and why things happen.

나이가�들어감에�따라 아이들은�어떤�일들이�어떻게�일어나고�왜�일어나는지와�같은 자신들의�세계에�대한�질문을�던지기�시작,� ,�

합니다.�

(130) As you move toward a whole-foods, plant-based diet, there will likely [to be/ be] changes in your body that will begin to save you some money.

여러분이�자연식품의�식물�기반�식단으로�전향하다�보면 아마�여러분으로�하여금�돈을�절약하게�해� 줄� 신체적�변화가�생길�것,�

이다 부사�.� will� likely� be� /� likely�

(131) Technically, if they get their calls through, efficiently and promptly, they get what they want.

엄밀히�말하면 만약�효율적이고�신속하게�그들의�전화가�연결된다면�그들은�자신이�원하는�것을�얻는�것입니다,� .�

(132) An attempt to harm was judged very wrong whether or not it succeeded, [because /while] accidents were fully excused.

우연한�사고는�완전히�용서된�반면 피해를�주려는�시도는�그것이�성공했는지의�여부와�상관없이�매우�잘못된�것으로�여겨졌다,� .�

반면� 이든지�아니든지�간에부사절[while]� / /�whether� or� not� it� succeeded,� -

(133) It is commonly argued that the very act of memorizing can guarantee a more thorough knowledge of and intimate connection with the music.

외우는�바로�그�행위가�음악에�대한�더�완벽한�지식과�음악과의�더�밀접한�관계를�보장해줄�수�있다고�일반적으로�주장된다.�

65

(134) That is [because / why] it is said "wolves are the enemy of deer but the friend of deer populations."

그런�이유로� 늑대는�사슴의�적이지만�사슴�개체군의�친구이다 라고�말해진다 그런�이유로 이다' .'� .[why]� � ~� .

(135) Apart from minor differences, all top-class athletes, no matter [what / how] their sport, use superior technique based on the best use of the mechanical principles that control human movement.

작은� 차이들을� 제외하고 모든� 정상급� 운동선수들은� 그들의� 종목이� 무엇이든� 인간의� 움직임을� 조정하는� 역학적� 원리를� 최대한�,�

활용하는�것을�바탕으로�하는�뛰어난�기술을�사용한다 은�무엇일지라도�.[what]� /� � no�matter�what� (~)� =�whatever

(136) The human emotional system is set up so that it is very hard for a person to be happy while alone in life.

인간의� 감정�체계는�한� 사람이�인생에서�혼자인�동안�행복하기가�지극히�어렵도록� 설정되어있다 하도록� 명사�.� so� that� -� /� for�

부정사to�

(137) Rather, democracy is best understood as a system that spreads power through its institutions and procedures so that the domination of one person, group, or interest can be kept to a minimum.]

오히려 민주주의는�한�개인 집단 혹은�이해관계자의�지배가�최소로�유지될�수�있도록�제도와�절차를�통해�권력을�분산하는�체,� ,� ,�

제로서�가장�잘�이해된다 될�수�있도록�.� [� ~� so� that� ]

(138) Counselling in general has now recognized the importance of leaving space for thought, as in the increasingly influential practice of 'coaching' in the business

의 의미world.as ? 비즈니스�세계에서 코칭이�점점�영향력을�더해�실행되는�것처럼 일반적인�상담은�생각을�위한�여지를�남겨�두는�것이�중요하[ ]� ‘ ’ ,�

다는�것을�이제�인식하였다 처럼.� as[~ ]


66

접속사 thatϭ

명사절 접속사1)

관계사 2)

부사절 접속사3)

153. Daniel Gilbert of Harvard argues that we have a psychological immune system that exaggerates

information that confirms our good qualities and ignores information that casts doubt upon them.

의� 는�우리가�자신의�좋은�자질을�확인해�주는�정보는�과장하고�그�자질에�대해�의혹을�제기하는�정보는�Harvard Daniel� Gilbert

무시하는�심리적�면역�체계를�지니고�있다고�주장한다.

154. It is worth noting that the weight attached to the significance of individual differences among

children risks obscuring the common features of their development.

아동의�개인적�차이의�중요성에�부여되는�무게로�인해�아동의�발달�과정상의�공통적인�특징이�가려질�위험이�있다는�점은�주목

할�가치가�있다.

155. When one looks at a straw in a glass of water, light rays from the part of the straw that is

underwater refract at the surfaces between the water and the glass, and between the glass and the

air.

물이�담긴�유리컵에�들어�있는�빨대를�볼� 때 빨대의�물속에�있는�부분에서�나오는�광선은� 물과�유리사이 그리고�유리와� 공기�,� ,�

사이의�표면에서�굴절된다.

156. Harp and Mayer found that adding visuals and text that were topically related to the lesson but

irrelevant to the learning goal depressed learning.

와� 는�수업과�주제�면에서�관련이�있지만 학습�목표와�관련이�없는�시각�자료와�글을�추가하는�것은�학습을�부진하Harp Mayer ,�

게�한다는�것을�발견했다.

157. Managers and their organizations will need to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to

recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that will ensure employee

retention and greater productivity, while at the same time, not discriminating.

관리자들과�그들의�조직들은�모든�이를�동일하게�대우하는�것으로부터�다른�점들을�인식하고�직원�보유와�더�높은�생산성을�확

실히�함과�동시에 차별하지�않는�방식으로�그�다른�점들에�감응하는�것으로�그들의�철학을�바꿀�필요가�있을�것이다,� .

67

158. All these are giveaways to the fact that they're more interested in being taken for good listeners

than in really hearing what you have to say.

이�모든�것이�그들이�여러분이�말하려는�것을�정말로�듣는�것보다는�자신들이�잘�들어�주는�사람으로�여겨지는�것에�더� 관심이�

있다는�사실을�드러내는�증거이다.�

159. Sport psychologists work with athletes helping them to cope with the stressful situations they

inevitably encounter in competitive sport and to identify and achieve levels of arousal that are

optimal for their sport tasks.

스포츠� 심리학자들은� 운동선수들이� 경기� 스포츠에서� 불가피하게� 만나는�스트레스를� 주는�상황에� 대처하고 그들의�운동� 과제에�,�

딱�맞는�정도의�흥분�수준을�확인하고�도달하는�것에�도움을�주면서�운동선수들과�함께�일한다.

160. The habitat that existed in that ancient world can, in large part, be reconstructed by studying select

insects that can be typified as phytophagous, bark inhabitants, or parasites, and identifying the

associated predators, vertebrates, and special habitats.

그렇지만 초식성�생물 나무껍질�서식�생물 혹은�기생�생물�등의�전형적인�특징으로�분류될�수�있는�선택된�곤충들을�연구함으,� ,� ,�

로써�그리고�그와�관련된�포식자 척추동물 특수한�서식지를�확인함으로써�고대의�세계에�존재했던�서식지를�많은�부분�재구성,� ,�

할�수�있다.

161. It was a potentially liberating and democratizing idea implying that each of us has a creative

potential waiting to be realized, and that originality and invention are not primarily innate gifts from

God, or the result of a favorable genetic inheritance.

그것은� 우리�각자가� 실현되기를� 기다리는�창의적인�잠재력을�가지고�있으며 독창성과� 발명의� 재능은�원래� 신이�내려주는�타고,�

난�재능이나�좋은�유전적�자질의�결과가�아니라는�점을�함축하는 잠재적으로�해방적이고�모든�사람에게�열려있는�발상이었다,� .�

162. One could argue that there is little difference between artists and natural selection as engines

of design, and that scientific disciplines such as geology and biology play the same role in

appreciating natural beauty that art history and criticism do for appreciating the beauty of

works of art.

어떤� 사람은� 설계� 엔진으로서� 예술가와� 자연� 선택� 사이에� 차이가� 거의� 없고 자연의� 아름다움을� 감상할� 때� 지질학과� 생물학과�,�

같은�과학�분야들이 예술�작품의�아름다움을�감상하기�위해�예술사와�예술�비평이�하는�것과�동일한�역할을�한다고�주장할�수�,�

있다.�

163. In other words, a coding system should be used that allows the researcher to identify the

individual, but the information identifying them should be kept separate from the actual data so

that if the data were seen by anyone, they could not be linked to any particular individual.

다시�말해 연구자가�개인의�신원을�확인하도록�허용하는�부호화체계가�사용되어야�하지만 그�누가�그�자료를�보더라도�그�자료,� ,�

가�어느�특정한�개인과�연관될�수�없도록�그�사람을�확인하는�정보는�실제�자료와�계속�분리되어�보관되어야�한다.


68

164. But the ceremony is an outward sign that communicates to students and others present that the

students have met an important milestone and are at a time of significant change.

하지만�그�의식은�학생들과�그� 밖의�참석자들에게�학생들이�중요한�시점에�도달하여�중대한�변화의�시기에�있음을�전달하는�외

적인�표시이다.

165. When we suddenly turn our belly button toward a door or an exit or simply away from someone,

we subconsciously send the signal that we want out of the conversation and perhaps even out of

the interaction.

잠재적으로부지불식간에� � 에서�빠져나가는� �*subconsciously� , out� of� ~

우리가�문이나�출구를�향해 혹은�그저�누군가로부터�배꼽의�방향을�갑자기�돌릴�때 우리는�대화와�어쩌면�심지어는�그� 상호,� ( ) ,�

작용에서조차도�빠져나가고�싶다는�신호를�부지불식간에�보낸다응답자들이�일련의�사진에�있는�다양한�자세의�거의� 가지의�. 350

다른�의미를�확인한�일련의�검사를�통해 는�몸통의�방향이�사람의�관심�수준을�알아보는�데� 핵심적인�역할을�한다는�것,� James

을�알아낼�수�있었다.� �

166. UPS found that when they redesigned their drivers’ position so that it no longer included the

thankless job of loading the trucks, they were able to dramatically increase the length of driver

employment. 재설계하다� � 보람없는�일 생색이�나지�않는�일� � 급격히*redesign� thankless� job� ,� dramatically�

는� 운전사들의� 직책이�트럭에�짐을� 싣는� 생색이� 나지�않는� 일을� 더� 이상�포함하지� 않도록� 그것을�재설계했을�때� 운전사의�UPS

고용�기간을�극적으로�늘릴�수�있다는�것을�알게�되었다.�

167. A school registrar marking a transcript indicating that a student has graduated does not

communicate the passage of time and change in life circumstances that a graduation ceremony

conveys.

학생이�졸업했음을�나타내는�성적증명서에�표시를�남기는� 학적�담당자가�졸업식이�전달하는�시간의�경과와�생활�환경의�변화를�

전달해�주지�못한다.

168. You may price yourself out of the market, or find yourself under such intense pressure to deliver

the high value that equates to the price you are charging that it affects your delivery.

넌�과도한�가격을�책정하여�시장성을�잃거나 네가�매기고�있는�가격과�동등한�높은�가치를�만들어�내야�하는�매우�극심한�압력,�

을�받게�되어�그것이�너의�가치�생산에�영향을�끼치는�입장에�처할�수도�있다.

169. In her experience, it is fat biases and prejudices that are causing more harm than any of the

health problems that come from being fat.

그녀의�경험상 살찐�것에서�오는�어떤�건강�문제보다�더�해를�끼치는�것은�비만에�대한�편견과�선입견이다,� .�

170. However, it is the degree of human involvement in such behaviors as language, social

organizations, rituals, and music that separates us from other animals.

하지만�우리를�다른�동물과�구별해�주는�것은�언어 사회�조직 의식 그리고�음악과�같은�행동에�있어서�인간이�관여하는�,� ,� ( ),�儀式

정도이다.

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EBS HEADSTARTd1anutt72n1dwl.cloudfront.net/course/1421287558.83_EBS... · 2015-01-15 · EBS HEADSTART in translation head |start [sing.]~ (on/over sb)( ) 남보다 일찍 시작해서