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ECE 678 ProjectOptical Switching Router

Group Member Yun Zhao Yeliang Zhang

Instructor Dr. Martinez

Tuesday, April 23, 2002

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Outline

Overview of Optical Network Optical Components/Elements Optical Switching Router

Architecture References

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Overview of Optical Network-- Transition from Electrical to Optical Network

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Advantage of Optical Network

High bandwidth ( up to 10 Tb/s in a single fiber was demonstrated)

Low cost Fiber cable is significantly smaller and

lighter than electrical cables Security Reduce Electromagnetic Interference

significantly

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All-Optical Network

All-Optical Network = GMPLS protocol+ DWDM devices + Optical Switching Router

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Optical Switching Router

OSR : Optical Switch Architecture + GMPLS Protocol

Edge Networks Edge Networks

Optical Node ControlNetworkOptical Network Core

Edge Networks Edge Networks

Label Edge Router

Label Switch Router

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Optical Switching Router

Optical Switching Router : Control Plane

table lookup, processing, wavelength assignment, queuing decisions, etc.

Data Path Interface with other legacy network

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Optical Components/Elements

Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Tunable Laser Tunable Filter Wavelength Converter Optical Amplifier: SOA, EDFA Optical Cross Connect (OXC) Tunable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer

(TOADM)

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Optical Components by Category:

Interconnection: OXC, OADM, wavelength converter

Fiber Amplifier: EDFA, SOA Light Source: Laser, LED

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Component Characteristics:-- Interconnection

Insertion loss: the difference in power levels between the input and

output of the device under test Crosstalk:

indicates the amount of power that enters a channel from neighboring channels.Typically, it is around 25 dB

Repeatability and Switch time Polarizatioin dependent loss (PDL):

the peak-to-peak output power variation when the input is exposed to all possible polarization states

Center Wavelength

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Noise Gain Gain Flatness:

measure of the difference in gain over the range of wavelengths

Bandwidth Saturation Level Dynamic Nonlinearity

Component Characteristics:-- Optical Amplifier

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Peak Wavelength: 780, 850, 1300, and 1550 nm are

usually used Spectral Width Power Speed

Component Characteristics:-- Light Source

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Fiber Band

Band Descriptor Range (nm)

O band Original 1260 to 1360

E band Extended 1360 to 1460

S band Short wavelength 1460 to 1530

C band Conventional 1530 to 1565

L band Long wavelength 1565 to 1625

U band Ultralong wavelength 1625 to 1675

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MEMS(Micro Electro-Mechanical System)

A MEMS device is a mechanical integrated circuit where the actuation force required moving the parts may be electrostatic, electro-magnetic or thermal.

Allow high port count, data rate independent Attributes: small size, high speed, low power,

high degree of functionality. Application: MEMS-based Optical Cross

Connect (OXC)

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MEMS (Continued)

2D MEMS: It’s digital, mirror position on(1), off

(0) Mature technology

3D MEMS: Provides very large port count, >

1000 input and output ports Drawback: complex, in research

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2D MEMS

2D MEMS for optical crossconnect switching

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3D MEMS

(a) 3D MEMS switching(b) Beam steering using a two-axis mirror(c) Fabricated MEMS mirror array

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Tunable Laser Summary

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AgilentTM 81672B Tunable Laser Source

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Nortel LCW508ET Tunable DFB Laser – 8 Channel

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Iolon ApolloTM Tunable Laser(C and L band)

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Tunable Filter Summary

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Nortel MT-15 Tunable Filter

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JDS Uniphase Polarization Independent Tunable Bandpass Filters -- TB4 Series

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Wavelength Converter

Wavelength converter converts radiation at one wavelength to radiation at another wavelength

Traditional O/E/O wavelength converter

All-optical wavelength converter

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The OptovationTM AOWC All Optical Wavelength Converter

The Optovation AOWC comprises of an optical module packaged in an industry standard 14 pin butterfly package and mounted on a 50mm x 37.5mm x 20 mm board which includes the required control circuitry.

The all optical module contains an Opto+ Interferometric Wavelength Converter copackaged with a high power DFB Laser.

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Application Wavelength conversion Relieve wavelength blocking Dynamic provisioning/lambda management Bit rate/ protocol transparent regeneration Optical Cross Connects Optical Add Drop Muliplexeers

The OptovationTM AOWC All Optical Wavelength Converter

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The KailightTM Photonics All-Optical Wavelength Converter

It is a fast switching, tunable, all-optical component designed to operate within optical switches and cross-connects at bit rates ranging from 2.5 Gb/s to 40Gb/s.

Bit rates ranging from 2.5Gb/s to 40Gb/s Bit rate and protocol full transparency Switching time of less than 1msec between wavelengths Large input dynamic range No need for extra tunable filter Conversion and re-amplification of weak signals Conversion from and to all wavelengths within the C band Negligible chirp Mature components Fully scalable Plug and play capable

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Optical Amplifier

A device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to convert it to an electrical signal, amplify it electrically, and reconvert it to an optical signal

Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) Praseodymium Doped Fluoride Amplifier

(PDFA) Telluride Based ErbiumDoped Optical Amplifier Semiconductors Optical Amplifier (SOA) Raman Amplifiers Planar Waveguide Optical Amplifiers

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EDFA

Working around the 1550nm window Transparent to modulation format Extremely low polarization sensitivity High gain (50dB) over 80nm wide

bandwidth Low noise Bad gain flatness

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EDFA

EDFA Principle

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Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA)

Working at both 1330nm and 1550nm windows

Small and compact Integated with other devices Flat gain Cannot do multiple wavelength

amplication

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SOA Scheme

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Typical SOA Characteristics

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JDS Uniphase OA Products

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Axon Photonics 1550nm SOA for Single Channel Amplification (APSOA1015)

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Nortel MGMFL-1AWC28 Multiwavelength Gain Module EDFA

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Nortel MGMFL-1AWC28 Multiwavelength Gain Module EDFA (Continued)

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OA Vendors

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Optical Cross Connect (OXC)The Calier DiamondWave™ Photonic Switch

The Calier DiamondWave™ Photonic Switch Features:

•Seamless scalability from 8 to 4096 ports per system •Single wavelength switching capacity of 40 terabits in a 7-foot rack •Banded wavelength capacity of 164,000 wavelengths in a 7-foot rack •Service transparency, from Fibre Channel to OC-768 •Low-loss data path •Industry’s widest operating window (1200 – 1620 nm), supporting single and multi-wavelength applications •Selective OEO support for bridging legacy applications such as SONET, IP, Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet applications on a test or termination basis •Full support for mesh and hybrid network topologies •Reliability and restoration that meet or beat SONET network element performance •Embedded routing and signaling support for the future Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) standard for connection management and IP services integration

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Tellium Aurora Optical SwitchTM

O-E-O Switch 512x512 OC-48 ports

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MEMS-base OXC

In research Commercial products not available

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Tunable OADMOptoplexTM Tunable OADM

                                   

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Optoplex TOADM ( Continued)

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Lambda Crossing LambdaFlow – Tunable OADM

LambdaFlow is a 40 channel tunable OADM with 4 Add/Drop ports. The OADM is tunable over the C band and is capable of adding and dropping data at a rate of 10 Gbps.

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Lambda Crossing LambdaFlow – Tunable OADM (Continued)Benefits:

Reduction of operating expense by providing remote bandwidth allocation and point and click provisioning.

Tunable drop is critical for providing cost effective network flexibility

Tunable OADM simplifies inventory management across the food chain

Technology allows for highly reliable, precise and repeatable tuning of the filter function.

The tunable OADM can be extended to provide active monitoring functionality

Price and loss reduction are achieved by increasing the functionality and density of the optical components and active port count.

The tunable OADM solutions are particularly well suited for applications involving tight channel spacing DWDM systems and large channel numbers

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LSR Functions and Requirements

Label Switching Router needs to perform (at least): Label Swapping Channel add/drop to Label Edge Router Data Routing to appropriate ports

LSR requires Table lookup processing (electronics/optical), Cross-connect Add/Drop Multiplexers Number updater Wavelength converter Wavelength Mux/Demux Optical Amplifier

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Optical Switching Router (LSR) Architecture

IP Router(IP, MPLS

OSPF,RSVP, LMP)

OpticalSwitching

Router(4 Ports)

Control Plane Fiber PlantControl Plane Fiber Plant

Optical Core Fiber PlantOptical Core Fiber Plant

NMainstreamMainstream

ExpressExpress

Add/DropAdd/DropFiber PortsFiber Ports

To Other OSRsTo Other OSRs

N

O-Edge CardO-Edge Card

OSR InternalOSR Internalto the to the

Optical Network CoreOptical Network Core

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Label Switch Router Design 1

....

Optical Cross-Connects

In Ports

Out Ports

Label Swappers

Demultiplexers

N (add)NN

Optical Amplifiers

N (drop)

N

N

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Label Switch Router Design 1

Pros Fully connected and connected Suitable for backbone For mesh connection Multiple input ports and multiple output

ports Cons

Expensive Require a lot of components

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Label Switch Router Design 2

… Optical Amplifier

N

…Optical Amplifier

Label swapper/Wavelengthconverter

Label swapper/Wavelengthconverter

drop add

add drop

demultiplexer

multiplexer

multiplexer

Add/dropswitches

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Label Switch Router Design 2

Pros Cheaper and simpler Suitable for Ring Networks Suitable for metro or smaller networks Low Insertion loss

Cons Only 2 N input and output ports Not as flexible Extra Add/drop switches are need if the

number of wavelengths is increased.

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LER needs to perform (at least): E/O and O/E conversion Add/drop from/to edge networks (ATM, SONET…) Label Insertion/Delete Traffic Engineering

LER requires E/O conversion module O/E conversion module Electronic module for adding from legacy

networks Electronic module for dropping to legacy

networks Electronic module for traffic engineering

LER Functions and Requirements

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Optical Switching Router (LER) Architecture

IP Router(IP, MPLS

OSPF,RSVP, LMP)

OpticalSwitching

Router(4 Ports)

Control Plane Fiber PlantControl Plane Fiber Plant

Optical Core Fiber PlantOptical Core Fiber Plant

MainstreamMainstream

ExpressExpress

Add/DropAdd/DropFiber PortsFiber Ports

EdgeNetwork

Interfaces

Edge Network InterfacesEdge Network InterfacesGigE

10GigE

ATM

SONET

O-Edge CardO-Edge Card

C-Edge CardC-Edge Card

N

N

OSR at the Edge of theOSR at the Edge of theOptical Network CoreOptical Network Core

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References[1] R.Martinez, P.Y.Choo, “ECE678 Class LectureNotes”, http://www.ece.arizona.edu/~ece678[2] P.B.Chu, et., “MEMS: The Path to Large Optical Crossconnects”, IEEE Commu. Mag., Mar.2002,

pp. 80-87.[3] “Overview of Optical Amplifiers:Technology and Systems”,

http://www.gii.co.jp/english/gi4433_mn_optical_amplifiers.html[4] J. Hsu, “DWDM/Fiber Optic Technology”, http://jhsu.www3.50megs.com/tech-dwdm.html[5] “iolon Apollon Tunable Laser Datasheet”, http://www.iolon.com/images/apollo_datasheet.pdf[6] “Kailight Photonics All-Optical Wavelength Converter”, http://www.kailight.com/[7] “LambdaFlow – Tunable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM) “,

http://www.lambdax.com/pages/LambdaFlow.asp[8] T. Kelly, I Andonovic, et., “Role of semiconductor optical amplifiers in advanced networking”,

http://lw.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=Articles&Subsection=Display&ARTICLE_ID=94177

[9] Nortel Optical Components Datasheets, http://www126.nortelnetworks.com/datasheets/[10] Optoplex Products, http://www.optoplex.com/products/products.html

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Special Thanks

Thanks Peng Choo for his warm help!

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Questions?