ECN publications 1997 · Generated on: 17th June 2002(15:11) CONTENTS 1. PREFACE 1 2. ECN PUBLICATIONS BY DEPARTMENT 3 2.1 ECN Policy Studies: 3 2.2 ECN Fuels Conversion and Environment:

JUNI 2002 ECN--02-006

ECN publications 1997

G.J.H. van Nes(editor)

Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)Knowledge AgencyWesterduinweg 3P.O. Box 11755 ZG PettenThe Netherlands

Tel: +31 (0)224 564326Fax: +31 (0)224 568486E-mail: [email protected] (Internet): http://www.ecn.nl/library/WWW (Intranet): http://www.ecnfac.nl/local/library/

Generated on: 17th June 2002(15:11)

CONTENTS

1. PREFACE 1

2. ECN PUBLICATIONS BY DEPARTMENT 32.1 ECN Policy Studies : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32.2 ECN Fuels Conversion and Environment : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 92.3 ECN Solar & Wind : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 162.4 ECN Energy Efficiency : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 172.5 ECN Facility Services : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 192.6 ECN Solar & Wind : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 21

3. ECN PUBLICATIONS BY DOCUMENT TYPE 293.1 C-Publications : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 293.2 I-Publications : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 443.3 R-Publications : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 503.4 RX-Publications : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 52

4. STATISTICAL INFORMATION 63

INDEX KEYWORDS 65

INDEX AUTHORS 73

1. PREFACE

ECN’s research results are published in a number of report series, each series serving a differentpublic, from contractors to the international scientific world. This report presents an overview ofECN publications published in 1997:

ECN publishes the following report series:� ECN-C- publications: Contract reports containing the results of contract research;� ECN-I- publications: Internal reports containing results for fellow colleagues, principally within

ECN but also for those employed elsewhere; although reports in this series may not be in theirdefinite form, they are not confidential and may be referred to;

� ECN-P- publications: Reports are written primarily for the non-specialist reader and coversubjects which are expected to be of general interest;

� ECN-R- publications: Research reports on the ECN research results available to the internationaltechnical and scientific world;

� ECN-RX- publications: Used for publishing preprints or reprints of journal articles that will beor have been published in a journal, or in conference or symposium proceedings;

� ECN-B- publications: Brochures.� Other: for results and information that can’t be classified in the other series;

The following ECN departments contribute to the list of publications for 1997:� ECN Policy Studies: 29� ECN Fuels Conversion and Environment: 37� ECN Solar & Wind: 3� ECN Energy Efficiency: 8� ECN Facility Services: 11� ECN Solar & Wind: 47� Total: 187 reports

The list of ECN publications can also be browsed at the World Wide Web at URL address:http://www.ecn.nl/library/reports/

The electronic version contains additional bibliographical information, including abstracts of thepublications (if available).

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2. ECN PUBLICATIONS BY DEPARTMENT

(sorted out by title)

2.1 ECN Policy Studies

13th Electric vehicle symposium (EVS-13), 13-16 oktober 1996, Osaka, Japan: een impressievan de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van elektrisch vervoerMcKay, P.C.ECN-I--97-019Petten : ECN, 1997. – 62 p.Keywords: Electric-powered vehicles; Meetings; Proceedings; Electric batteries; Energy storage;Energy policy; Market; Marketing; Air quality; Standardization; Fuel cells; Reviews

Analyse energieverbruik sector huishoudens 1982-1996: achtergronddocument bij het rap-port ’Monitoring energievergruik en beleid Nederland’Jeeninga, H.ECN-I--97-051Petten : ECN, December 1997. – 51 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Households; Energy consumption; Time-series analysis; Natural gas;Gas appliances; Electricity; Electric appliances; Space heating; Water heating; Thermal insula-tion; Houses; Ventilation; Attitudes; Lighting systems; Prices; Energy expenses; Taxes; Energyconservation; Data analysis; Income

Beleidsinstrumenten en realisatie 10% reductie van CO2-uitstoot in 2010Ybema, J.R.; Boonekamp, P.G.M.; Beeldman, M.; Dril, A.W.N. van; Hilten, O. van; Kroon, P.;Menkveld, M.; Brummelen, M. van; Blok, K.ECN-C--97-013Petten : ECN, February 1997. – 39 p.Keywords:

Building materials and CO2: Western European emission reduction strategiesGielen, D.J.ECN-C--97-065Petten : ECN, 1997. – 25 p.Keywords: Building materials; Carbon dioxide; Emission; Western europe; Construction indus-try; Nonradioactive waste management; Material substitution; Technology assessment; M codes;Resource management; Buildings; Demolition; Energy consumption; Cost; Life cycle; Thermalmass; Cements; Wood; Steels; Bricks; Sand; Limestone; Aluminium; Plastics; Asphalts; Dataanalysis

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CO2 abatement in Western European power generationLako, P.; Ybema, J.R.ECN-C--97-053Petten : ECN, 1997. – 84 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Western europe; Air pollution abatement; Power generation; Fore-casting; Technology assessment; Technology impacts; Taxes; Coal; Natural gas; Wind power;Biomass; Nuclear power; Hydroelectric power; Solar energy; Petroleum; Renewable energysources

Duurzame energie op Texel: duurzame energie-opties als ontstekers voor regionale on-twikkelingPerrels, A.H.; Diepstraten, F.M.J.A.ECN-C--96-065Petten : ECN, 1997. – 37 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Renewable energy sources; Employment; Institutional factors; Regionalanalysis; Market; Energy balance; Data analysis; Energy demand; Sectoral analysis; Wind power;Solar energy; Biomass; Hydroelectric power; Cost benefit analysis

Energie in de ’Verkenningen’: Noord-Holland 2030Oosterheert, R.J.; Bais, J.M.ECN-I--97-040Petten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Energy policy; Planning; Supply and demand; Energy demand; Fore-casting; Sectoral analysis; Environmental policy; Market; Transport; Institutional factors

Energiehuishouding van Noord-BrabantArkel, W.G. vanECN-C--97-026Petten : ECN, 1997. – 59 p.Keywords: Regional analysis; Energy consumption; Netherlands; Energy conservation; Sectoralanalysis; Industry; Natural gas; Electricity; Transportation sector; Cogeneration; Renewableenergy sources; Capacity; Information systems

Energy Information on Internet: origin and maintenance of a databasehttp://www.ecn.nl/eii/main.htmlVerkroost, H.; Nes, G.J.H. van; ECN. Facilitaire DienstECN-I--97-030Petten : ECN, 1997. – 19 p.Keywords: Internet; Data compilation; Documentation; Data acquisition

Energy demand and supply in Bulgaria and Haskovo region: technical report for the PhareProject ’Energy concept/regional energy centre for the pilot region of Haskovo’Harmelen, T. van; Stoffer, A.; Jabinski, I.; Manoilova, T.ECN-C--97-067Petten : ECN, 1997. – 136 p.Keywords: Bulgaria; Supply and demand; Energy demand; Energy supplies; Energy analysis;Socio-economic factors; Data analysis; Energy balance; Regional analysis; Energy consumption;Fossil-fuel power plants; Sectoral analysis; Air pollution abatement; Industry; Energy conser-vation; Residential sector; Service sector; Public buildings; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide

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ECN publications per unit (BS)

Energy efficiency in the Netherlands: Dutch contribution to the project ’Cross countrycomparison on energy efficiency’Uyterlinde, M.A.; Arkel, W.G. van; Bosch, A. van den; Dril, A.W.N. van; Jeeninga, H.ECN-C--98-007Petten : ECN, December 1997. – 57 p.Keywords: Energy efficiency; Netherlands; Data analysis; Environmental policy; Energy policy;Sectoral analysis; Energy conservation; Industry; Households; Energy consumption; Transport;Service sector

Energy use indicators for the Netherlands: Dutch contribution to the IEA/OECD programmeon indicatorsBoonekamp, P.G.M.; Farla, J.C.M.; Kroon, P.; Menkveld, M.; Schol, E.; Worell, E.; UniversiteitUtrecht. Vakgroep Natuurwetenschap en Samenleving [NWS]ECN-C--97-035Petten : ECN, 1997. – 39 p.Keywords: Data analysis; Energy consumption; Sectoral analysis; Households; Service sector;Industry; Transportation sector; Oecd; Data compilation

European biomass scenarios and the need for import of biomassLako, P.; Gielen, D.J.ECN-R--97-009Petten : ECN, 1997. – 43 p.Keywords: Biomass; Imports; Europe; Land use; Forecasting; Crops; Denmark; Sweden; Fin-land; Netherlands; Energy policy; Cost; Uruguay; Estonia

HTR als industriele warmte/kracht-optie: marktkansen voorlopig ontwerpBoonekamp, P.G.M.ECN-R--97-006Petten : ECN, May 1997. – 33 p.Keywords:

Joint implementation met Midden- en Oost-Europa: mogelijkheden en beperkingen bij derealisatie van de Nederlandse CO2-reductiedoelstelling in de periode 2000-2010Harmelen, A.K. van; Rooijen, S.N.M. van; Jepma, C.J.; Gaast, W. van derECN-C--97-078Petten : ECN, 1997. – 93 p.Keywords: Emission; Carbon dioxide; Joint ventures; International cooperation; Eastern europe;Bilateral agreements; Netherlands; Trade; Market; Competition; Air pollution abatement; Russianfederation; Poland; Ukraine; Czech republic; Romania; Bulgaria; Western europe; Usa; Oecd;Cost benefit analysis

Lastenverdeling en kosteneffectiviteit van CO2-doelstellingen voor EU-lidstaten: een analyseop basis van scenariostudiesKram, T.; Ybema, J.R.; Vos, D.ECN-C--97-033Petten : ECN, 1997. – 23 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Air pollution abatement; Environmental policy; Forecasting; Socio-economic factors; Negotiation; Cost estimation; Per capita values

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MARKAL modelling and scenarios relating to availability of new energy technologiesYbema, J.R.; Kram, T.ECN-RX--97-072Petten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Energy models; Energy systems; Data analysis; Dynamics; Forecasting; Technologyassessment; Netherlands

Market metaphors and electricity sector restructuring: lessons for developing countriesBruggink, J.J.C.ECN-RX--97-050Petten : ECN, 1997. – 18 p.Keywords: Public utilities; Organizing; Market; Deregulation; Developing countries; Developedcountries; Energy policy; Economics; Decision making; Institutional factors

Power generation options and greenhouse gas emissionsLako, P.ECN-RX--97-062Petten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Power generation; Greenhouse gases; Emission; Climatic change; Taxes; Fossil-fuelpower plants; Hydroelectric power plants; Reactors; Renewable energy sources; Europe

Raffinagemodel SERUM in hoofdlijnen. Toets en illustratie van de werkingKok, I.C.; Kroon, P.ECN-C--96-066Petten : ECN, Mar 1997. – 52 p.Keywords:

Rural electrification in Swaziland: phase 2: cost-benefit analysisJansen, J.C.; Linden, J.W.J. van der; Vos, D.ECN-C--97-041Petten : ECN, 1997. – 47 p.Keywords: Rural areas; Swaziland; Cost benefit analysis; Environmental impacts; Socio-economic factors; Program management; Social impact; Economic impact; Standard of living;Economic development; Cost recovery; Investment; Electric power

SAVE-transport overige vervoerswijzen personenvervoer: modellering van energieverbruik-sontwikkelingen in het personenvervoerKalverda, M.ECN-I--97-007Petten : ECN, 1997. – 81 p.Keywords: Energy models; Energy consumption; Road transport; Rail transport; Energy analysis;Energy conservation; Buses; Trains; Electric-powered vehicles; Air transport; Aircraft; Taxicabs;Motorcycles; Ships; Occupants; Vehicles; Mass transit systems; Computerized simulation

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ECN publications per unit (BS)

Scenarios for Western Europe on long term abatement of CO2 emissionsYbema, J.R.; Lako, P.; Kok, I.C.; Schol, E.; Gielen, D.J.; Kram, T.ECN-C--97-051Petten : ECN, 1997. – 90 p.Keywords: Western europe; Climatic change; Forecasting; Energy consumption; Carbon dioxide;Emission; Sectoral analysis; Air pollution abatement; Cost estimation; Energy models; Technol-ogy assessment; Energy efficiency; Nuclear energy; Fuel substitution; Renewable energy sources

Substitutie van elektriciteit bij wasmachines en drogers: energetische en kostentechnischebeschouwingMenkveld, M.; Beeldman, M.ECN-I--97-041Petten : ECN, 1997. – 32 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Electricity; Cost; Energy efficiency; Clothes dryers; Clothes washers;Comparative evaluations; Heat; Natural gas; Energy consumption; Emission; Energy conservation;Payback period; Carbon dioxide

Technologisch raamwerk voor een optimale energie-infrastructuur: energievoorziening inhet land over de Waal, NijmegenBeeldman, M.; Bais, J.M.; Menkveld, M.ECN-C--97-030Petten : ECN, 1997. – 41 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Urban areas; Planning; Energy consumption; Energy conservation;Sensitivity analysis; Heat pumps; Coefficient of performance; Recommendations; Residentialbuildings; Heat distribution systems; Space heaters; Environmental impacts; Solar water heaters;Cost; Households

Technology characterisation for ceramic and inorganic materials: input data for WesternEuropean MARKALGielen, D.J.ECN-C--97-064Petten : ECN, 1997. – 71 p.Keywords: Ceramics; Data analysis; Technology assessment; Material balance; Cost; Fabri-cation; Manufacturing; Efficiency; Materials recovery; Recycling; Bricks; Cements; Chlorine;Sodium hydroxides; Concretes; Glass; Gypsum; Kaolin; Nitric acid; Phosphorus; Phosphoricacid; Potassium; Calcium oxides; Limestone; Sodium carbonates; Sodium chlorides; Rocks;Sulfur; Sulfuric acid; Titanium oxides; Fertilizers; Building materials

The basic metal industry and its energy use: prospects for the Dutch energy intensiveindustryGielen, D.J.; Dril, A.W.N. vanECN-C--97-019Petten : ECN, 1997. – 179 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Energy consumption; Metal industry; Steels; Aluminium; Technologyassessment; Market; Competition; Forecasting; Carbon dioxide; Emission; Production; Energyefficiency; Recycling; Cost; Sensitivity analysis

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Transfer of energy technologies to Central and Eastern European countries: potentials andeconomic profitabilityHarmelen, A.K. van; Stoffer, A.; Motahari, M.ECN-C--97-063Petten : ECN, June 1997. – 101 p.Keywords: Technology transfer; Czech republic; Slovakia; Bulgaria; Technology assessment;Energy policy; Economic analysis; Industry; Sectoral analysis; Cogeneration; Investment; Chem-ical industry; Paper industry; Food industry; Energy conservation; Energy efficiency; Energyconsumption; District heating; Fossil fuels; Power generation; Capacity; Prices; Pollution abate-ment; Sensitivity analysis

Verhandelbare CO2-emissierechten: een kwantitatieve analyse van een VER-systeem tussenAnnex I landenKoutstaal, P.R.; Kram, T.; Rooijen, S.N.M. vanECN-C--98-039Petten : ECN, November 1997. – 53 p.Keywords: Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Climatic change; Economics; Environmental policy; Euro-pean union; Feasibility studies; Fossil fuels; International agreements; Licenses; Sulfur dioxide;Taxes; Trade; Air pollution abatement; Oecd; Eastern europe

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ECN publications per unit (BCM)

2.2 ECN Fuels Conversion and Environment

Aanbevelingen immissieonderzoek regio Beuningen/NijmegenVermeulen, A.T.; Wyers, G.P.; Slanina, J.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Baas,J.; TNO. Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]; Hofschreuder, P.; Brunekreef, B.ECN-C--97-040Petten : ECN, 1997. – 23 p.Keywords: Air quality; Netherlands; Public health; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Cad-mium; Beryllium; Chromium; Nickel; Arsenic; Formaldehyde; Benzene; Dusts; Sampling; Airsamplers; Particulates; Environmental exposure; Maximum permissible concentration; Air pollu-tion; Biological effects; Recommendations

An evaluation of three routes for the production of liquid fuels from biomassBoer, A.J. de; Uil, H. den; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-R--97-001Petten : ECN, April 1997. – 38 p.Keywords: Biomass; Ethanol; Liquid fuels; Methanol; Diesel fuels; Algae; Production; Biocon-version; Hydrolysis; Fermentation; Gasification; Synthesis gas; Cost

An intercomparison ring test of ambient methane concentration measurementsVermeulen, A.T.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Hollander, J.C.T. ; Vosbeek,M.E.J.P.ECN-C--97-086Petten : ECN, 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Methane; Interlaboratory comparisons; Netherlands; Gas chromatography; Calibra-tion standards; Concentration ratio

Atmospheric dispersion of heavy metals and polycyclic atomatic hydrocarbons from motor-ways: a research strategyWyers, G.P.; Brink, H.M. ten; Khlystov, A.; Mols, J.J.; Duyzer, J.H.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conver-sie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-024Petten : ECN, 1997. – 32 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Roads; Metals; Particulates; Particlesize; Aerosols; Spatial distribution; Emission; Deposition; Sampling; Concentration ratio; Sprays;Mathematical models; Air pollution; Aerosol monitoring

Beoordeling van het effekt van grondreiniging op de uitloogbaarheid van grondComans, R.N.J.; Zevenbergen, C.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-055Petten : ECN, 1997. – 86 p.Keywords: Soils; Remedial action; Leachates; Leaching; Surface contamination; Field tests;Pollutants; Sludges; Recommendations; Building materials; E codes; Cadmium; Copper; Lead;Zinc; Nickel; Ph value; Sorption

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Biobrandstof van verontreinigde grond: kwaliteit vliegas bij vergassing en meestoken inpoedercentralesLigthart, F.S.; Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; Kiel, J.H.A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie enMilieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-099Petten : ECN, 1997. – 78 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Power generation; Fly ash; Pulverized fuels; Willows; Surface contam-ination; Cocombustion; Gasification; Biomass; Sludges; Quality control; Chemical composition;Metals; Ashes; Leaching; Wood wastes; Emission; Cements; Concretes

Biomass gasification research in fixed bed and fluidised bed reactorsSchenk, E.; Doorn, J. van; Kiel, J.H.A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-011Petten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Biomass; Gasification; Packed beds; Fluidized beds; Fluidized bed reactors; Math-ematical models; Cogeneration; Test facilities; Willows; Wood wastes; Gramineae; Chemicalcomposition; Fuel gas; Bioconversion; Pilot plants; Steady-state conditions; Validation

CO2 exchange between grassland and the atmosphere: results over a four year period ofCO2 measurements at Cabauw, the NetherlandsHensen, A.; Bulk, W.C.M. van den; Vermeulen, A.T.; Wyers, G.P.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversieen Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-032Petten : ECN, 1997. – 53 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Netherlands; Rangelands; Data compilation; Data analysis; Monthlyvariations; Mathematical models; Validation; Daily variations; Respiration; Soils; Emission; Shortwave radiation; Uptake; Wetlands

Co-gasification of coal and biomass waste in entrained-flow gasifiers: phase 1: preliminarystudyRee, R. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-021Petten : ECN, April 1997. – 71 p.Keywords: Environmental impacts; Cost estimation; Energy efficiency; Biomass; Bench-scaleexperiments; Mass balance; Energy balance; Power generation; Emission; Nitrogen oxides; Heatrecovery; Fuel gas; Carbon dioxide; Combined-cycle power plants; Coal gasification; Technologyassessment; Systems analysis; Entrainment

Comparison of pH static leach test data with ANC test dataSloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-R--97-002Petten : ECN, 1997. – 38 p.Keywords: Leaching; Ph value; Soils; Municipal wastes; Ashes; Sewage sludge; Comparativeevaluations; Multi-element analysis

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Diffusieproef voor korrelvormige materialenSloot, H.A. van der; HEIJNINGEN, R.J.J. VAN; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie enMilieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-020Petten : ECN, November 1997. – 46 p.Keywords: Leaching; Building materials; Diffusion; Standards; Standardization; Granular mate-rials; Solid wastes; Recycling

Dynamic model of solid polymer fuel cell water managementBussel, H.P.L.H. van; Koene, F.G.H.; Mallant, R.K.A.M.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]ECN-RX--97-064Petten : ECN, 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Solid electrolyte fuel cells; Two-dimensional calculations; Membrane transport;Water vapor; Diffusion; Current density; Anodes; Humidity; Performance testing

Evaluatie van de methaanemissie van de deponie bij Nauerna en Hollandse BrugHensen, A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-062Petten : ECN, 1997. – 45 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Methane; Emission; Nonradioactive waste disposal; Plumes; Air pollu-tion monitoring; Sampling

Het effect van aerosol-deeltjes op het klimaat is niet-lineairBrink, H.M. ten; Khlystov, A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-I--97-037Petten : ECN, 1997. – 22 p.Keywords: Aerosols; Nonlinear problems; Particulates; Climatic change; Solar radiation; Re-flection; Clouds; Particle size

High temperature fuel cells, a competing technology for gas turbines?: if you can’t beatthem, join them!Jansen, D.; Mozaffarian, M.; Schie, N. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-063Petten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Molten carbonate fuel cells; Solid electrolyte fuel cells; Gas turbines; Performance;Cogeneration; Energy efficiency; Hybrid systems; Investment; Market; Competition

High-efficiency los-NOx ceramic radiant burnersRabou, L.P.L.M.; Bodenstaff, H.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--96-069Petten : ECN, 1997. – 12 p.Keywords: Ceramics; Gas burners; Radiant heaters; Nitrogen oxides; Combustion control;Foams; Air pollution abatement; Infrared radiation; Energy efficiency; Oxygen enrichment; Per-formance

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Humidity dependence of the aerosol light-scattering by mixtures of ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulfate and sootBrink, H.M. ten; Dougle, P.G.; Veefkind, J.P.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-008Petten : ECN, 1997. – 33 p.Keywords: Aerosols; Humidity; Light scattering; Ammonium nitrates; Ammonium sulfates;Soot; Hysteresis; Crystallization; Droplets; Mixtures; Particulates

Inventarisatie van vaste industriele reststromen uit de voedings- en genotmiddelenindustrieBoer, M. de; Doorn, J. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--96-093Petten : ECN, 1997. – 31 p.Keywords: Waste water; Sludges; Biomass; Netherlands; Sectoral analysis; Industrial wastes;Industry; Solid wastes; Uses; Calorific value

Kinetics and reversibility of radiocaesium solid/liquid partitioning in sedimentsComans, R.N.J.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-044Petten : ECN, 1997. – 20 p.Keywords: Cesium 137; Kinetics; Sediments; Irreversible processes; Illite; Sorption; Radionu-clide migration; Isotopic exchange; Netherlands

Lange-termijn perspectieven BIG/STEG systemen t.a.v. kosten en efficientie: integralesysteemberekeningen = Integral system calculations biomass-integrated-gasifier/combined-cycle (BIG/CC) systemsRee, R. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-052Petten : ECN, 1997. – 32 p.Keywords: Poplars; Wood wastes; Refuse derived fuels; Combined cycles; Gasification; Math-ematical models; Energy efficiency; Fuel gas; Hot gas cleanup; Systems analysis; Gas turbines;Fossil-fuel power plants; Refuse-fueled power plants; Steam; Energy balance; Drying

Leaching behaviour of amorphous, mixed and crystalline vitrified MSWI fly ashSloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-003Petten : ECN, 1997. – 104 p.Keywords: Municipal wastes; Fly ash; Leaching; Slags; Vitrification; Incinerators; Metals; Sol-ubility; Dissolution; Geochemistry; Quantitative chemical analysis; Experimental data; Limitingvalues; Uses; Multi-element analysis; Elements; Trace amounts

Leaching characteristics of lead-zinc primary smelters slags: final report BRE2-CT-94-0585Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-098Petten : ECN, 1997. – 48 p.Keywords: Lead; Zinc; Leaching; Slags; Smelters; Boundary conditions; Chemical composition;Particle size; Morphology; Uses; Geochemistry; Embankments; Pavements; Elements; Multi-element analysis

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Long term leaching behaviour of cement mortarsSloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-042Petten : ECN, July 1997. – 102 p.Keywords: Cements; Mortars; Leaching; Ph value; Standardization; Performance testing; Com-parative evaluations; Multi-element analysis; Chemical composition; Ashes; Synthetic fuels; Rawmaterials; Quality control; Metals; Contamination regulations; Concretes

National round robin of biomass fuels and ashesDrift, A. van der; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Schakelaar, D.; TNO. Milieu,Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]ECN-C--97-100Petten : ECN, 1997. – 51 p.Keywords: Biomass; Interlaboratory comparisons; Ashes; Quantitative chemical analysis; Stan-dardization; Sample preparation; Sampling; Calcium; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sulfur; Chlorine;Zinc; Lead; Cadmium; Copper; Moisture; Carbon; Straw; Bark; Digestion

Orienterend immissieonderzoek regio Beuningen/NijmegenVermeulen, A.T.; Wyers, G.P.; Baas, J.; Hofschreuder, P.; Brunekreef, B.; Slanina, J.; ECN. Brand-stoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; TNO. Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]ECN-C--97-036Petten : ECN, 1997. – 19 p.Keywords: Air quality; Netherlands; Public health; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Cad-mium; Beryllium; Chromium; Nickel; Arsenic; Formaldehyde; Benzene; Dusts; Sampling; Airsamplers; Particulates; Environmental exposure; Maximum permissible concentration; Air pollu-tion; Biological effects

Process furnaces fired with ceramic foam burnersRabou, L.P.L.M.; Hartog, R. den; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--96-068Petten : ECN, 1997. – 10 p.Keywords: Gas burners; Ceramics; Infrared radiation; Nitrogen oxides; Air pollution abatement;Energy efficiency; Foams; Design; Gas furnaces; Cost estimation

Regulatory leaching data for vitrified fly ashesSloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-023Petten : ECN, September 1997. – 37 p.Keywords: Leaching; Performance testing; Fly ash; Vitrification; Ph value; Comparative evalua-tions; Data analysis; Slags; Regulatory guides; France; Federal republic of germany; Switzerland;Italy; Netherlands; Metals; Elements; Contamination regulations

Speciatie van metalen in verontreinigde en gereinigde grond en baggerspecie: uitloogpro-cessen en faktoren die daarop van invloed zijnComans, R.N.J.; Geelhoed, P.A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--96-084Petten : ECN, 1997. – 94 p.Keywords: Soils; Remedial action; Leachates; Leaching; Surface contamination; Field tests;Pollutants; Sludges; Recommendations; Building materials; E codes; Cadmium; Copper; Lead;Zinc; Nickel; Ph value; Sorption; M codes; N codes

ECN--02-006 13


The reaction between HNO3, H2SO4 and NaCl-particlesBrink, H.M. ten; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-009Petten : ECN, 1997. – 25 p.Keywords: Particulates; Nitric acid; Sulfuric acid; Chemical reaction kinetics; Droplets; Particlesize; Photochemical reactions; Sodium chlorides

The role of IGCC in CO2 abatementPruschek, R.; Oeljeklaus, G. ; Haupt, G.; Zimmermann, G. ; Ribberink, J.S.; Jansen, D.; ECN.Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-076Petten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Removal; Combined cycles; Coal gasification; Methanol; Emis-sion; Synthesis gas; Gasoline; Fossil-fuel power plants; Hydrogen; Shift processes; Scrubbers;Investment; Cost

The self-forming and self-repairing sealing method: development of concept towards fullscale applicationSloot, H.A. van der; Cnubben, P.A.J.P.; Geusebroek, M.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]; Naus, R.W.M.; Jansen Venneboer, J.W.; Bosman, P.H.; Krom, A.H.; Sollman, C.P.ECN-RX--97-037Petten : ECN, 1997. – 22 p.Keywords: Sanitary landfills; Nonradioactive waste management; Nonradioactive waste disposal;Field tests; Diffusion; Hydraulic conductivity; Sand; Magnesium carbonates; Fly ash; Limestone;Sealing materials

Throughfall monitoring during one year at 14 ICP forest level 2 sites in The NetherlandsErisman, J.W.; Mols, J.J.; Wyers, G.P.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Draai-jers, G.P.J.; TNO. Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]ECN-C--97-090Petten : ECN, 1997. – 45 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Throughfall; Atmospheric precipitations; Forests; Air pollution mon-itoring; Nitrogen; Meteorology; Time-series analysis; Air pollution abatement; Air samplers;Deposition; Data analysis; Quantitative chemical analysis; Potassium ions; Calcium ions; Mag-nesium ions; Sodium ions; Chlorine ions; Ammonia; Sulfates; Comparative evaluations

Uitlooggedrag van materialen met reducerende eigenschappenSloot, H.A. van der; Heijningen, R.J.J. van; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]ECN-C--97-022Petten : ECN, 1997. – 38 p.Keywords: Leaching; Building materials; Ph value; Trace amounts; Elements; Reduction; Fieldtests; Bench-scale experiments; Redox potential; Wastes; Recycling; Standardization; Multi-element analysis

14 ECN--02-006


Validation of methane emission inventories for NW-EuropeVermeulen, A.T.; Beemsterboer, B.; Bulk, W.C.M. van den; Eisma, R.; Hensen, A.; Kieskamp,W.M.; Mols, J.J.; Slanina, J.; Veltkamp, A.C.; Wyers, G.P.; Zwaagstra, O.ECN-C--96-088Petten : ECN, 1997. – 73 p.Keywords: Methane; Emission; Validation; Verification; Data analysis; Data compilation;Netherlands; Sampling; Carbon 13; Deuterium; Concentration ratio; Mathematical models; Com-puter calculations; C codes; Carbon 14; Troposphere; Isotope ratio; Pollution sources; Pwr typereactors

Waste characterization to modify waste quality prior to disposalSloot, H.A. van der; Kosson, D.S.; Cnubben, P.A.J.P.; Hoede, D.; Hjelmar, O.; ECN. Brandstoffen,Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-RX--97-036Petten : ECN, 1997. – 28 p.Keywords: Ashes; Municipal wastes; Sanitary landfills; Quality control; Leaching; Leachates;Chemical composition; Sewage; Building materials; Soils; Copper; Cadmium; Zinc; Lead; Cal-cium; Iron; Sodium

ZV&ZH-afdichting als schouderisolatieCnubben, P.A.J.P.; Sloot, H.A. van der; Geusebroek, M.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]ECN-C--96-094Petten : ECN, 1997. – 27 p.Keywords: Roads; Sealing materials; Permeability; Asphalts; Cements; Magnesium carbonates;Calcium carbonates; Calcium ions; Diffusion; Leaching; Leachates; Bench-scale experiments;Calcium hydroxides

Zoutverwijdering uit rookgasreinigingsresiduenCnubben, P.A.J.P.; Comans, R.N.J.; Sloot, H.A. van der; Geelhoed, P.A.; Geusebroek, M.; ECN.Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]ECN-C--97-017Petten : ECN, 1997. – 33 p.Keywords: Incinerators; Flue gas; Salts; Washout; Seawater; Chemical composition; Waterquality; Waste water; Water treatment; Ph value; Additives; Residues; Trace amounts; Metals;Elements; Solubility; Leaching; Chromium; Copper; Zinc; Cadmium; Lead; Chlorine

ECN--02-006 15


2.3 ECN Solar & Wind

Efficient residential lighting in Peru. Vol. 1. Marketing study for the introduction of compactfluorescent lampsVan den Akker, J.H.A. ; Baken, T.ECN-C--97-071Petten : ECN, Oct 1997. – 70 p.Keywords:

Efficient residential lighting in Peru. Vol. 2. Impacts of the introduction of compactfluorescent lampsVan den Akker, J.H.A.ECN-C--97-072Petten : ECN, Oct 1997. – 52 p.Keywords:

Ontwikkeling en validatie van een stochastisch windbelastingsmodel. Deel 3. ValidatieWinkelaar, D.; Hendriks, H.B.ECN-C--96-098Petten : ECN, Dec 1997. – 91 p.Keywords:

16 ECN--02-006

ECN publications per unit (EE)

2.4 ECN Energy Efficiency

An attractive option for CO2 control in IGCC systems: water gas shift with integratedH2/CO2 separation (WIHYS) process: phase 1: proof of principleAlderliesten, P.T.; Bracht, M.ECN-C--97-097Petten : ECN, December 1997. – 76 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Shift processes; Coal gasification; Membranes; Systems analysis;Catalysts; Bench-scale experiments; Mathematical models; Removal; Combined cycles; Feasibil-ity studies; Investment; Operating cost; Ceramics; Water gas; Energy efficiency

Assessment of SBWR safety-relief valve discharge line dynamic loads due to steam blowdownSpoelstra, S.; Stoop, P.M.; Dijk, A.B. vanECN-RX--97-016Petten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Valves; Relief valves; Flow regulators;Control systems; Dynamic loads; Pipes; Computer calculations; Computer codes; C-codes; P-codes; Steam; Steam lines; Mechanical vibrations; Stress analysis

Compacte thermische energieopslag bij kantoorgebouwenSmeding, S.F.; Bach, P.W.ECN-C--97-039Petten : ECN, 1997. – 96 p.Keywords: Office buildings; Energy storage; Heating systems; Netherlands; Cold storage; Heatstorage; Energy conservation; Comparative evaluations; Thermal energy storage equipment; En-ergy demand; Computer calculations; Phase change materials; Solar collectors; Heat pumps;Cogeneration; District heating; Water heaters

Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of composite materialsVegt, O.M. de; Haije, W.G.ECN-I--97-050Petten : ECN, 1997. – 39 p.Keywords: Composite materials; Fiberglass; Rotors; Epoxides; Polyesters; Classification; Air-foils; Carbon fibers; Service life; Environmental impacts; Production; Waste disposal

Influence of SiC particle shape on the properties of Al2O3-SiC compositesRak, Z.S.; Czechowski, J.ECN-RX--97-004Petten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Aluminium oxides; Silicon carbides; Powders; Ceramics; X-ray diffraction; Opticalmicroscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Phase studies; Microstructure; Fracture properties;Flexural strength

Manufacture and properties of Al2O3-TiN particulate compositesRak, Z.S.; Czechowski, J.ECN-RX--97-010Petten : ECN, April 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Aluminium oxides; Titanium nitrides; Particulates; Ceramics; Electric conductivity;Wear resistance; Hot pressing; Oxidation; Microstructure

ECN--02-006 17


Manufacturing of ceramic cutting blades by PIMRak, Z.S.; Snijders, G.ECN-RX--97-056Petten : ECN, September 1997. – 23 p.Keywords: Manufacturing; Ceramics; Cutting tools; Molding; Binders; Removal; Heat treat-ments; Microstructure; Mechanical properties; Yttrium oxides; Zirconium oxides; Casting; Press-ing

Milieubewuste materiaalkeuze: mono- versus niet mono-materialenHaperen, J. van; Haije, W.G.ECN-I--97-001Petten : ECN, January 1997. – 40 p.Keywords: Materials; Environmental impacts; Decision making; Composite materials; Ironcompounds; Synthetic materials; Elastomers; Wood; Minerals; Paper; Recycling; Service life;Life cycle; Consumer products

18 ECN--02-006

ECN publications per unit (FAC)

2.5 ECN Facility Services

Back-end of the HTR fuel cycleSchram, R.P.C.; Prij, J.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenECN-I--97-015Petten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Spent fuels; Reprocessing; Fuel cycle; Radioactive waste processing; Carbon 14;Graphite; Radioactive waste disposal; Radiation protection

ECN contribution to the SBWR development programStoop, P.M.; Spoelstra, S.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenECN-RX--97-018Petten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Design; ECN; Safety analysis; Probabilis-tic estimation; Control systems; Risk assessment; Performance testing

ECN publications published in 1996 = ECN publicaties verschenen in 1996Nes, G.J.H. van; Woudstra-Zwiers, G.A.ECN--97-001Petten : ECN, 1997. – 141 p.Keywords: Bibliographic data; ECN; Documents; Research programs

Energy Information on Internet: origin and maintenance of a databasehttp://www.ecn.nl/eii/main.htmlVerkroost, H.; Nes, G.J.H. van; ECN. Facilitaire DienstECN-I--97-030Petten : ECN, 1997. – 19 p.Keywords: Internet; Data compilation; Documentation; Data acquisition

Gamma spectrometry of 268-06 SIWAS gamma scan wiresDassel, G.; Buurveld, H.A.; Plakman, J.C.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenECN-I--97-012Petten : ECN, 1997. – 240 p.Keywords: Nondestructive analysis; Neutron activation analysis; Materials testing; Irradiation;Neutrons; Stainless steels; Ferritic steels; Martensitic steels; Gamma spectroscopy; Wires; Nu-merical data; Evaluated data; Gamma detection; Neutron reactions; Neutron fluence

Gamma spectrometry of 285-05 ILAS gamma scan wiresDassel, G.; Buurveld, H.A.; Plakman, J.C.ECN-I--97-011Petten : ECN, 1997. – 183 p.Keywords: Neutron activation analysis; Nondestructive analysis; Materials testing; Irradiation;Neutrons; Neutron reactions; Stainless steels; Ferritic steels; Martensitic steels; Gamma spec-troscopy; Wires; Gamma detection; Numerical data; Evaluated data; Neutron fluence

ECN--02-006 19


Gamma spectrometry of EFTTRA-T2 R280.2: gamma scan wires 1 through 5Dassel, G.; Buurveld, H.A.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenECN-I--97-044Petten : ECN, 1997. – 167 p.Keywords: Gamma spectra; Gamma spectroscopy; Radioisotope scanning; Cobalt 58; Man-ganese 54; Chromium 51; Cobalt 60; Neutron fluence; Fast neutrons; Thermal neutrons; Numericaldata; Gamma detection; Radioactivity; Atomic displacements

In-pile behaviour of UKAEA produced silicide fuel elements at the HFR Petten, The Nether-landsWijtsma, F.J.; ECN. Nucleaire Faciliteiten; Cartwright, P.; United Kingdom. Atomic EnergyAuthority [UKAEA]; Markgraf, J.; European Commission. Joint Research Centre [JRC]ECN-RX--97-065Petten : ECN, 1997. – 20 p.Keywords: HFR reactor; Fuel elements; Performance testing; Post-irradiation examination;Slightly enriched uranium; Uranium silicides; DFR reactor; Specifications; Reactivity; Pressuredrop; In pile loops; Neutron fluence

Passive aerosol removal within the ESBWR plantSiccama, N.B.; Spoelstra, S.; Khorana, S.S.ECN-RX--97-017Petten : ECN, 1997. – 7 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Design; Fission product release; Reten-tion; Safety analysis; Computer codes; M-codes; Source terms; Containment; Radiation doses;Mitigation

TEPSS: technology enhancement of passive safety systemsStoop, P.M.; Spoelstra, S.; ECN. Nucleaire Faciliteiten; Huggenberger, M. ; Yadigaroglu, G.ECN-RX--97-019Petten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Design; Coordinated research programs;European Union; Reactor technology; Technology assessment; Accident prevention

Telewerken: uitkomsten van een verkennende enquête naar een nieuwe arbeidsvormbij ECNHartogh, G.P.J. den; ECN. Facilitaire DienstECN-I--97-043Petten : ECN, 1997. – 57 p.Keywords: Teleworking; ECN; Questionnaires; Working conditions; Feasibility studies

20 ECN--02-006

ECN publications per unit (ZW)

2.6 ECN Solar & Wind

A comparative study between light-biased MW-PCD and MFCA measurements on high-quality surface passivated silicon wafersSchuurmans, F.M.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Schmidt, J.; Aberle,A.G.ECN-RX--97-028Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: P-type conductors; Silicon solar cells; Charge carriers; Carrier lifetime; Photocon-ductivity; Absorption; Visible radiation; Comparative evaluations; Data analysis; Power density

AC PV module inverters with full sine wave burst operation mode for improved efficiency ofgrid connected systems at low irradianceJantsch, M.; Verhoeve, C.W.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-041Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Photovoltaic power supplies; Interconnected power systems; Inverters; Energy effi-ciency; Optimization; Operation; Performance

Absorption in thin textured silicon wafersHylton, J.D.; Burgers, A.R.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-029Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Texture; Absorption; Trapping; Light transmission; Currentdensity; Spectral reflectance

An industrial multi-crystalline EWT solar cell with screen printed metallisationSchonecker, A.; Moor, H.H.C. de; Burgers, A.R.; Weeber, A.W.; Hoornstra, J.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN.Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Michiels, P.P.; Steeman, R.A.ECN-RX--97-035Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Polycrystals; Screen printing; Spray coating; Manufacturing;Photocurrents; Electric conductivity; Fill factors; Energy efficiency

An innovative autonomous 2 kW hybrid photovoltaic-wind power system for rural electrifi-cation (AREP)Pierik, J.T.G.; Frumau, C.F.A.; Secker, J.F.; Haan, S.W.H. de; Lewald, N.; Preuss, S.; Andersson,M.; Panagiotidis, T.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-001Petten : ECN, 1997. – 10 p.Keywords: Photovoltaic power supplies; Horizontal axis turbines; Electric batteries; Electric gen-erators; Rural areas; Inverters; Energy management systems; Performance testing; Power supplies

ECN--02-006 21


Analyse meetresultaten PV-installatie te Zandvoort: juli 1994 - december 1996 (eindrap-portage)Wiggelinkhuizen, E.J.; Baltus, C.W.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-069Petten : ECN, 1997. – 29 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Photovoltaic power supplies; Data analysis; Data processing; Inverters;Energy efficiency; Solar radiation; Energy yield; Temperature gradients; Temperature dependence;Houses; Flat plate collectors

Analytical monitoring of losses in PV systemsBaltus, C.W.A.; Eikelboom, J.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Zolingen, R.J.C. vanECN-RX--97-043Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Performance; Photovoltaic power supplies; Energy losses; Data analysis; Solarradiation; Shading; Monitoring; Solar tracking; Energy efficiency

Assessment of grid integrational problems of wind farms: wind farm implementation studysubtask 1Rajsekhar, B. ; Hulle, F. vanECN-C--97-045Petten : ECN, August 1997. – 64 p.Keywords:

BUCKBLADE: state of the art of buckling load analysis tools for rotor bladesLindenburg, C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Joosse, P.A. ; Weisser, B.; Ingenieurge-sellschaft R. Diez, U. Hindenlang, A. KurzECN-C--97-080Petten : ECN, 1997. – 91 p.Keywords: Dynamic loads; Horizontal axis turbines; Deformation; Strains; Rotors; Design;Validation; Geometry; Finite element method; Forecasting; Transverse momentum; Longitudinalmomentum; Computer codes; Computer calculations

Determination of the irradiation dependent efficiency of multicrystalline Si PV modules onbasis of IV curve fitting and its influence on the annual performanceEikelboom, J.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Reinders, A.H.M.E.; UniversiteitUtrecht. Vakgroep Natuurwetenschap en Samenleving [NWS]ECN-RX--97-045Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Solar cell arrays; Solar radiation; Energy efficiency; Polycrystals;Electric conductivity; Performance testing; Light transmission; Photovoltaic power supplies

Duurzame energie in het RTC-gebouwWassenaar, R.H.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-029Petten : ECN, 1997. – 35 p.Keywords: Office buildings; Energy conservation; Ventilation systems; Space hvac systems;Ventilation; Renewable energy sources; Energy consumption; Cooling; Heating; Design; Airinfiltration; Heat losses; Energy efficiency

22 ECN--02-006


Duurzame renovatie ECN-laboratorium: dl. 1: uitgangspunten renovatieGilijamse, W.; Ligthart, F.A.T.M.; Kaan, H.F.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-I--97-042Petten : ECN, 1997. – 44 p.Keywords: Retrofitting; Laboratories; Laboratory buildings; Construction; Heating systems;Lighting systems; Ventilation systems; Monitoring; Thermal comfort; Energy consumption; Solarenergy; Energy conservation; Cogeneration; Heat storage

EWTS-II benchmark on data collection and parameter estimation for safety and reliabilityanalysis of wind turbinesSeebregts, A.J.; Christensen, P.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-057Petten : ECN, October 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Standardization; Wind turbines; Data compilation; Parametric analysis; Safety; Reli-ability; Fault tree analysis; Failure mode analysis

Effect of TiO2-electrode properties on the efficiency of nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solarcells (nc-DSC)Wienke, J.A.; Kroon, J.M.; Sommeling, P.M.; Kinderman, R.; Spath, M.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van;Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-033Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Organic solar cells; Titanium oxides; Dyes; Energy efficiency; Photovoltaic con-version; Microstructure; Electrodes; Electric conductivity; Screen printing; Optical properties;Morphology

Energie-opties Legmeer-West UithoornLigthart, F.A.T.M.; Kaan, H.F.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-028Petten : ECN, 1997. – 19 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Urban areas; Planning; Energy efficiency; Residential buildings; Heatdistribution systems; Renewable energy sources; Noise pollution abatement; Thermal insulation;Heat pumps; Heat recovery; Ventilation; Solar water heaters; Floors; Space heating

Evaluation of the sixth international course on the implementation of wind energy, ECN,April 7-18, 1997Dekker, J.W.M.; Jongh, J.A. de; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-025Petten : ECN, 1997. – 83 p.Keywords: Education; Educational facilities; Educational tools; Wind power; Implementation;Developing countries; Evaluation; Technology transfer; Scientific personnel

Final report of IEA Annex XIV: field rotor aerodynamicsSchepers, J.G.; Brand, A.J.; Bruining, A.; Graham, J.M.R.; Hand, M.M.; Infield, D.G.; Madsen,H.A.; Paynter, R.J.H.; Simms, D.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind ; ; ; ;ECN-C--97-027Petten : ECN, 1997. – 287 p.Keywords: Horizontal axis turbines; Aerodynamics; Experimental data; Rotors; Field tests;Coordinated research programs; Data compilation; Data processing; Data acquisition; Time-seriesanalysis; Geometry

ECN--02-006 23


Grote Sint Laurenskerk te Alkmaar: de winterjas kan uitKaan, H.F.; Ligthart, F.A.T.M.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-084Petten : ECN, 1997. – 33 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Public buildings; Energy conservation; Thermal insulation; Thermalcomfort; Microclimates; Space heating; Ceilings; Computerized simulation

Het project ’Dynamic stall and 3D effects’: een samenvattingSnel, H.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-034Petten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Reviews; Three-dimensional calculations; Horizontal axis turbines; Dynamic loads;Documentation; Aerodynamics; Rotors; Data analysis; Performance testing; Validation; Differ-ential equations; Field tests

Interactive simulation of silicon solar cellsBurgers, A.R.; Wijk, J.J. van; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-027Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Computerized simulation; Physical properties; Education; Training

Inverters with three phase output and without electrolyte capacitor for improved lifetime,efficiency and costs of grid connected systemsJantsch, M.; Verhoeve, C.W.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-042Petten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Inverters; Service life; Efficiency; Photovoltaic power supplies; Interconnected powersystems; Ac losses; Topology; Performance

Light-trapping in saw-damage etched silicon wafersBurgers, A.R.; Kinderman, R.; Hylton, J.D.; Moor, H.H.C. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-030Petten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Light transmission; Trapping; Etching; Texture; Infrared radiation;Optical reflection; Light scattering

Measurement of PV maximum power point tracking performanceJantsch, M.; Real, M.; Haberlin, H.; Whitaker, C.; Kurokawa, K.; Blasser, G.; Kremer, P.;Verhoeve, C.W.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-040Petten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Solar tracking systems; Photovoltaic power supplies; Energy efficiency; Inverters;Accuracy; Errors; Bench-scale experiments; Field tests; Standardization; Performance

24 ECN--02-006


Mobiele Blad Test Faciliteit (MBTF): concepten voor vermoeiingsproevenEngelen, T.G. van; Schie, R.A. van; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-I--97-005Petten : ECN, 1997. – 28 p.Keywords: Fatigue; Airfoils; Rotors; Test facilities; Actuators; Cost; Excitation; Harmonics

New concepts of nano-crystalline organic photovoltaic devicesSpath, M.; Kroon, J.M.; Sommeling, P.M.; Wienke, J.A.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & Wind; Meyer, T.B.; Meyer, A.F.; Kohle, O.ECN-RX--97-060Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Photovoltaic power supplies; Organic solar cells; Dyes; Sensitizers; Titanium oxides;Redox reactions; Energy losses; Performance testing; Sealing materials

Noise aspects at aerodynamic blade optimisation projectsSchepers, J.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-015Petten : ECN, 1997. – 14 p.Keywords: Noise pollution; Acoustic measurements; Horizontal axis turbines; Airfoils; Aerody-namics; Optimization; Energy yield; P codes; Geometry

Ontwikkeling IEC-normen voor windturbines: verslag van de werkzaamheden in 1996Hulle, F.J.L. van; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-008Petten : ECN, 1997. – 113 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Wind turbines; Noise pollution; Standardization; Standards; Safety;Acoustic measurements; Performance; Energy yield; Certification; Rotors; Materials testing;Meetings; Evaluation; Dynamic loads

Optimizing metalization patterns for yearly yieldBurgers, A.R.; Eikelboom, J.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-061Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Energy yield; Solar cells; Optimization; Spray coating; Screen printing; Energylosses; Electric conductivity; Shadow effect; Solar radiation

Printing high and fine metal lines using stencilsMoor, H.H.C. de; Hoornstra, J.; Weeber, A.W.; Burgers, A.R.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-025Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Manufacturing; Screen printing; Spray coating; Rheology

Recent test results of AC-module invertersVerhoeve, C.W.G.; Frumau, C.F.A.; Held, E. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon &WindECN-RX--97-049Petten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Inverters; Photovoltaic power supplies; Reliability; Performance testing; Ac systems;Office buildings; Power factor; Harmonics

ECN--02-006 25


Reliability testing of AC-module invertersVerhoeve, C.W.G.; Frumau, C.F.A.; Held, E. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon &WindECN-RX--97-048Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Inverters; Photovoltaic power supplies; Reliability; Performance testing; Ac systems;Humidity; Freezing; Service life; Thermal cycling

Renewable energy technologies: status and expectationsBeurskens, H.J.M.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-023Petten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Renewable energy sources; Evaluation; Energy efficiency; Market; Economics;Technology assessment; Capacity; Cost; Energy yield; Energy policy; Solar energy; Wind power;Biomass

Results of five solar silicon wafer minority carrier lifetime round robins organised by thesemi M6 solar silicon standardisation task forceSchonecker, A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Heasman, K.; Bruton, T. ; Schmidt, J. ;Poortmans, J. ; Koch, W.ECN-RX--97-024Petten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Carrier lifetime; Measuring methods; Interlaboratory comparisons;Standardization; Diffusion length

Results of the lifetime round robins done in the framework of the SEMI M6 solar siliconstandardization task forceSchonecker, A.; Koch, W.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-012Petten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Carrier lifetime; Measuring methods; Interlaboratory comparisons;Standardization; Diffusion length; Passivation

Spectral response and response time of nanocrystalline dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cellsSommeling, P.M.; Rieffe, H.C.; Kroon, J.M.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Schonecker, A.; Sinke,W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Peter, Ch.ECN-RX--97-034Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Titanium oxides; Solar cells; Spectral response; Photovoltaic conversion; Energyefficiency; Electrolytes; Viscosity; Ion mobility; Monochromatic radiation; Illuminance

Stability of sealed nanocrystalline organic photovoltaic devicesSpath, M.; Sommeling, P.M.; Wienke, J.A.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-032Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Organic solar cells; Stability; Crystal structure; Dyes; Titanium oxides; Sealingmaterials; Organic solvents; Acetonitrile; Evaporation; Decomposition

26 ECN--02-006


Stand van zaken fotovoltaische zonne-energieSinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-059Petten : ECN, 1997. – 4 p.Keywords: Solar energy; Market; Technology assessment; Commercialization; Photovoltaicpower supplies; Solar cells

Synthesis report of the TERI-ECN collaborative research programme 1995-1997Jansen, J.C.; Nieuwenhout, F.D.J.; Hulle, F.J.L. van; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind;Mathur, A.; Srivastava, L.; Mathur, R.; Prasad, N.S.; Rajsekhar, B.ECN-C--97-050Petten : ECN, 1997. – 53 p.Keywords: Air pollution abatement; Greenhouse gases; Evaluation; Program management; Coor-dinated research programs; Ecn; Netherlands; India; Market; Solar architecture; Solar equipment;Economic impact; Social impact; Environmental impacts; Information centers; Wind power in-dustry; Wind turbine arrays; Planning; Renewable energy sources; Institutional factors

Technologie voor grootschalige productie van multikristallijn silicium zonnecellen en mod-ulesWeeber, A.W.; Moor, H.H.C. de; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-013Petten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Solar cells; Prices; Manufacturing; Energy efficiency; Silicon; Polycrystals; Cost;Photovoltaic conversion

Testveld voor MW-windturbines: uitgangspunten en kostenindicatieJanssen, L.G.J.; Curvers, A.P.W.M.ECN-I--97-024Petten : ECN, June 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Wind turbines; Test facilities; Planning; Netherlands; Cost estimation; Investment;Site selection; Operation

The DC low-voltage housePellis, J.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-058Petten : ECN, September 1997. – 80 p.Keywords: Houses; Photovoltaic power supplies; Electric appliances; Inverters; Power losses;Households; Energy consumption; Electrical faults; Dc systems; Ac systems; Power demand;Power distribution; Alternating current; Direct current; Safety

The importance of paste rheology in improving fine line, thick film screen printing of frontside metallizationHoornstra, J.; Weeber, A.W.; Moor, H.H.C. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon &WindECN-RX--97-026Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Rheology; Silver; Films; Screen printing; Spray coating; Manu-facturing; Oscillations; Shear properties; Shear; Viscosity

ECN--02-006 27


Thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells in ceramic substratesTool, C.J.J.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Schiermeier, S.E.A.; Huiberts, R.C.; Christie, G.M.; Sinke,W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-RX--97-031Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Thin films; Crystal structure; Ceramics; Substrates; Nucleation;Thermal expansion; Casting; Aluminium; Aluminium oxides; Silicon nitrides; Additives; Liquidphase epitaxy; Indium; Tin

Three-dimensional effects in stallMontgomerie Jensen, B.O.G.; Brand, A.J.; Bosschers, J.; Rooij, R.P.J.O.M. van ; TechnischeUniversiteit Delft. Faculteit der Civiele Techniek [en Geowetenschappen]. Instituut voor Winden-ergie [IW]; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--96-079Petten : ECN, 1997. – 42 p.Keywords: Aerodynamics; Rotors; Computer calculations; Horizontal axis turbines; Three-dimensional calculations; Turbulent flow; Airfoils; X codes; R codes; Performance testing

Wind energy centre at Gujarat State, India: business planHulle, F.J.L. van; Jansen, J.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Prasad, N.S.; Suresh, R.ECN-C--97-047Petten : ECN, 1997. – 54 p.Keywords: India; Wind power; Information dissemination; Quality assurance; Site selection;Wind power industry; Performance testing; Materials testing; Certification; Test facilities; Equip-ment; Training; Design; Information centers; Institutional factors; Market; Program management;Financing

Wind energy centre at Mithapur, Gujarat, India: technical reportHulle, F.J.L. van; Borg, N.J.C.M. van der; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Prasad, N.S.;Suresh, R.; Rajsekhar, B.ECN-C--97-046Petten : ECN, 1997. – 50 p.Keywords: India; Wind power; Information dissemination; Quality assurance; Site selection;Wind power industry; Performance testing; Materials testing; Certification; Test facilities; Equip-ment; Training; Design; Information centers; Institutional factors

Wind measurements at Zolder (B): appendix of final report of ASTRICSHulle, F.J.L. van; Schuurman, J.J.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindECN-C--97-010Petten : ECN, 1997. – 191 p.Keywords: Wind; Availability; Belgium; Numerical data; Data compilation; Velocity; Dataacquisition; Data analysis; Hourly variations; Turbulence

28 ECN--02-006

3. ECN PUBLICATIONS BY DOCUMENT TYPE

(sorted out by publication number)

3.1 C-Publications

ECN-C--96-012Hienen, J.F.A. van; Hogenbirk, A.Richtlijn externe straling en afscherming: risicoberekening voor afgeschermde en/of ingekapseldebronnen en bodembesmettingPetten : ECN, 1997. – 98 p.Keywords: Recommendations; Encapsulation; X-ray equipment; Accelerators; Radioactivewaste storage; Radioecological concentration; Soils; Photons; Neutrons; Gamma radiation; Radi-ation protection; Radiation doses; Geometry; Dosimetry

ECN-C--96-065Perrels, A.H.; Diepstraten, F.M.J.A.Duurzame energie op Texel: duurzame energie-opties als ontstekers voor regionale ontwikkelingPetten : ECN, 1997. – 37 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Renewable energy sources; Employment; Institutional factors; Regionalanalysis; Market; Energy balance; Data analysis; Energy demand; Sectoral analysis; Wind power;Solar energy; Biomass; Hydroelectric power; Cost benefit analysis

ECN-C--96-066Kok, I.C.; Kroon, P.Raffinagemodel SERUM in hoofdlijnen. Toets en illustratie van de werkingPetten : ECN, Mar 1997. – 52 p.Keywords:

ECN-C--96-079Montgomerie Jensen, B.O.G.; Brand, A.J.; Bosschers, J.; Rooij, R.P.J.O.M. van ; Technische Uni-versiteit Delft. Faculteit der Civiele Techniek [en Geowetenschappen]. Instituut voor Windenergie[IW]; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindThree-dimensional effects in stallPetten : ECN, 1997. – 42 p.Keywords: Aerodynamics; Rotors; Computer calculations; Horizontal axis turbines; Three-dimensional calculations; Turbulent flow; Airfoils; X codes; R codes; Performance testing

ECN-C--96-084Comans, R.N.J.; Geelhoed, P.A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Speciatie van metalen in verontreinigde en gereinigde grond en baggerspecie: uitloogprocessenen faktoren die daarop van invloed zijnPetten : ECN, 1997. – 94 p.Keywords: Soils; Remedial action; Leachates; Leaching; Surface contamination; Field tests;Pollutants; Sludges; Recommendations; Building materials; E codes; Cadmium; Copper; Lead;Zinc; Nickel; Ph value; Sorption; M codes; N codes

ECN--02-006 29


ECN-C--96-087Heijdra, J.J.; Prij, J.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieConcept ontwerp terughaalbare berging in steenzout: eindrapport 1996 METRO 1Petten : ECN, 1997. – 25 p.Keywords: Radioactive waste storage; Radioactive waste facilities; Salt deposits; Undergroundstorage; Waste retrieval; High-level radioactive wastes; Netherlands; Monitored retrievable sto-rage; Radiation protection; Transmutation; Capsules; Radiation doses; Temperature monitoring

ECN-C--96-088Vermeulen, A.T.; Beemsterboer, B.; Bulk, W.C.M. van den; Eisma, R.; Hensen, A.; Kieskamp,W.M.; Mols, J.J.; Slanina, J.; Veltkamp, A.C.; Wyers, G.P.; Zwaagstra, O.Validation of methane emission inventories for NW-EuropePetten : ECN, 1997. – 73 p.Keywords: Methane; Emission; Validation; Verification; Data analysis; Data compilation;Netherlands; Sampling; Carbon 13; Deuterium; Concentration ratio; Mathematical models; Com-puter calculations; C codes; Carbon 14; Troposphere; Isotope ratio; Pollution sources; Pwr typereactors

ECN-C--96-089Hienen, J.F.A. van; Jansma, R.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieRisico-normering vervoer radioactieve stoffen: een voorstel voor een stralinghygienische optima-lisatie bij vervoerPetten : ECN, 1997. – 26 p.Keywords: Risk assessment; Radiation protection; Waste transportation; Standardization; Radi-oactive materials; Radiation monitoring; Transport regulations

ECN-C--96-093Boer, M. de; Doorn, J. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Inventarisatie van vaste industriele reststromen uit de voedings- en genotmiddelenindustriePetten : ECN, 1997. – 31 p.Keywords: Waste water; Sludges; Biomass; Netherlands; Sectoral analysis; Industrial wastes;Industry; Solid wastes; Uses; Calorific value

ECN-C--96-094Cnubben, P.A.J.P.; Sloot, H.A. van der; Geusebroek, M.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]ZV&ZH-afdichting als schouderisolatiePetten : ECN, 1997. – 27 p.Keywords: Roads; Sealing materials; Permeability; Asphalts; Cements; Magnesium carbonates;Calcium carbonates; Calcium ions; Diffusion; Leaching; Leachates; Bench-scale experiments;Calcium hydroxides

ECN-C--96-098Winkelaar, D.; Hendriks, H.B.Ontwikkeling en validatie van een stochastisch windbelastingsmodel. Deel 3. ValidatiePetten : ECN, Dec 1997. – 91 p.Keywords:

30 ECN--02-006

ECN publications per serie (C)

ECN-C--97-003Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Leaching behaviour of amorphous, mixed and crystalline vitrified MSWI fly ashPetten : ECN, 1997. – 104 p.Keywords: Municipal wastes; Fly ash; Leaching; Slags; Vitrification; Incinerators; Metals; So-lubility; Dissolution; Geochemistry; Quantitative chemical analysis; Experimental data; Limitingvalues; Uses; Multi-element analysis; Elements; Trace amounts

ECN-C--97-008Hulle, F.J.L. van; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindOntwikkeling IEC-normen voor windturbines: verslag van de werkzaamheden in 1996Petten : ECN, 1997. – 113 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Wind turbines; Noise pollution; Standardization; Standards; Safety;Acoustic measurements; Performance; Energy yield; Certification; Rotors; Materials testing;Meetings; Evaluation; Dynamic loads

ECN-C--97-009Dodd, D.H.; Seebregts, A.J.; Jansma, R.Legislation covering the decommissioning of nuclear installations: an overview of policies andrecent developmentsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 46 p.Keywords: Nuclear facilities; Decommissioning; Legislation; International organizations; Go-vernment policies; USA; France; Federal Republic of Germany; United Kingdom; IAEA; NEA

ECN-C--97-010Hulle, F.J.L. van; Schuurman, J.J.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindWind measurements at Zolder (B): appendix of final report of ASTRICSPetten : ECN, 1997. – 191 p.Keywords: Wind; Availability; Belgium; Numerical data; Data compilation; Velocity; Dataacquisition; Data analysis; Hourly variations; Turbulence

ECN-C--97-013Ybema, J.R.; Boonekamp, P.G.M.; Beeldman, M.; Dril, A.W.N. van; Hilten, O. van; Kroon, P.;Menkveld, M.; Brummelen, M. van; Blok, K.Beleidsinstrumenten en realisatie 10% reductie van CO2-uitstoot in 2010Petten : ECN, February 1997. – 39 p.Keywords:

ECN-C--97-014Laan, J.G. van derProgress report 1996 on fusion technology tasksPetten : ECN, 1997. – 92 p.Keywords: Research programs; Progress report; Thermonuclear reactions; Austenitic steels;Mechanical properties; Lithium compounds; Titanates; Ceramics; Breeding blankets; Martensiticsteels; Radiation hardening; Helium embrittlement; Data compilation; Iter tokamak; Net tokamak;Welding; Ferritic steels; Vanadium alloys; Magnets

ECN--02-006 31


ECN-C--97-015Huntelaar, M.E.; Cordfunke, E.H.P.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieExperimental determinations of thermochemical data: interim report THMO ThermochemicalModelling and DataPetten : ECN, 1997. – 42 p.Keywords: Radiation protection; Reactor accidents; Fission product release; Thermodynamicproperties; Sample preparation; Radioisotopes; Reactor cores; Concretes; Meltdown; Chemicalreactions; Phase diagrams; Specific heat; Enthalpy; Solution heat; Calorimetry; Electromotiveforce; Experiments

ECN-C--97-016Hienen, J.F.A. van; Jansma, R.Een vergelijking van drie opties voor decommissioning van een kerncentralePetten : ECN, 1997. – 56 p.Keywords: Reactor decommissioning; Reactor dismantling; Planning; Comparative evaluations;Socio-economic factors; Radiation dose distributions; Risk assessment; Technology transfer; Costestimation

ECN-C--97-017Cnubben, P.A.J.P.; Comans, R.N.J.; Sloot, H.A. van der; Geelhoed, P.A.; Geusebroek, M.; ECN.Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Zoutverwijdering uit rookgasreinigingsresiduenPetten : ECN, 1997. – 33 p.Keywords: Incinerators; Flue gas; Salts; Washout; Seawater; Chemical composition; Waterquality; Waste water; Water treatment; Ph value; Additives; Residues; Trace amounts; Metals;Elements; Solubility; Leaching; Chromium; Copper; Zinc; Cadmium; Lead; Chlorine

ECN-C--97-019Gielen, D.J.; Dril, A.W.N. vanThe basic metal industry and its energy use: prospects for the Dutch energy intensive industryPetten : ECN, 1997. – 179 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Energy consumption; Metal industry; Steels; Aluminium; Technologyassessment; Market; Competition; Forecasting; Carbon dioxide; Emission; Production; Energyefficiency; Recycling; Cost; Sensitivity analysis

ECN-C--97-020Sloot, H.A. van der; HEIJNINGEN, R.J.J. VAN; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie enMilieu [BCM]Diffusieproef voor korrelvormige materialenPetten : ECN, November 1997. – 46 p.Keywords: Leaching; Building materials; Diffusion; Standards; Standardization; Granular mate-rials; Solid wastes; Recycling

ECN-C--97-021Ree, R. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Co-gasification of coal and biomass waste in entrained-flow gasifiers: phase 1: preliminary studyPetten : ECN, April 1997. – 71 p.Keywords: Environmental impacts; Cost estimation; Energy efficiency; Biomass; Bench-scaleexperiments; Mass balance; Energy balance; Power generation; Emission; Nitrogen oxides; Heatrecovery; Fuel gas; Carbon dioxide; Combined-cycle power plants; Coal gasification; Technologyassessment; Systems analysis; Entrainment

32 ECN--02-006


ECN-C--97-022Sloot, H.A. van der; Heijningen, R.J.J. van; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]Uitlooggedrag van materialen met reducerende eigenschappenPetten : ECN, 1997. – 38 p.Keywords: Leaching; Building materials; Ph value; Trace amounts; Elements; Reduction; Fieldtests; Bench-scale experiments; Redox potential; Wastes; Recycling; Standardization; Multi-element analysis

ECN-C--97-023Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Regulatory leaching data for vitrified fly ashesPetten : ECN, September 1997. – 37 p.Keywords: Leaching; Performance testing; Fly ash; Vitrification; Ph value; Comparative evalua-tions; Data analysis; Slags; Regulatory guides; France; Federal republic of germany; Switzerland;Italy; Netherlands; Metals; Elements; Contamination regulations

ECN-C--97-024Wyers, G.P.; Brink, H.M. ten; Khlystov, A.; Mols, J.J.; Duyzer, J.H.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversieen Milieu [BCM]Atmospheric dispersion of heavy metals and polycyclic atomatic hydrocarbons from motorways:a research strategyPetten : ECN, 1997. – 32 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Roads; Metals; Particulates; Particlesize; Aerosols; Spatial distribution; Emission; Deposition; Sampling; Concentration ratio; Sprays;Mathematical models; Air pollution; Aerosol monitoring

ECN-C--97-025Dekker, J.W.M.; Jongh, J.A. de; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindEvaluation of the sixth international course on the implementation of wind energy, ECN, April7-18, 1997Petten : ECN, 1997. – 83 p.Keywords: Education; Educational facilities; Educational tools; Wind power; Implementation;Developing countries; Evaluation; Technology transfer; Scientific personnel

ECN-C--97-026Arkel, W.G. vanEnergiehuishouding van Noord-BrabantPetten : ECN, 1997. – 59 p.Keywords: Regional analysis; Energy consumption; Netherlands; Energy conservation; Sectoralanalysis; Industry; Natural gas; Electricity; Transportation sector; Cogeneration; Renewableenergy sources; Capacity; Information systems

ECN--02-006 33


ECN-C--97-027Schepers, J.G.; Brand, A.J.; Bruining, A.; Graham, J.M.R.; Hand, M.M.; Infield, D.G.; Madsen,H.A.; Paynter, R.J.H.; Simms, D.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind ; ; ; ;Final report of IEA Annex XIV: field rotor aerodynamicsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 287 p.Keywords: Horizontal axis turbines; Aerodynamics; Experimental data; Rotors; Field tests;Coordinated research programs; Data compilation; Data processing; Data acquisition; Time-seriesanalysis; Geometry

ECN-C--97-028Ligthart, F.A.T.M.; Kaan, H.F.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindEnergie-opties Legmeer-West UithoornPetten : ECN, 1997. – 19 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Urban areas; Planning; Energy efficiency; Residential buildings; Heatdistribution systems; Renewable energy sources; Noise pollution abatement; Thermal insulation;Heat pumps; Heat recovery; Ventilation; Solar water heaters; Floors; Space heating

ECN-C--97-029Wassenaar, R.H.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindDuurzame energie in het RTC-gebouwPetten : ECN, 1997. – 35 p.Keywords: Office buildings; Energy conservation; Ventilation systems; Space hvac systems;Ventilation; Renewable energy sources; Energy consumption; Cooling; Heating; Design; Airinfiltration; Heat losses; Energy efficiency

ECN-C--97-030Beeldman, M.; Bais, J.M.; Menkveld, M.Technologisch raamwerk voor een optimale energie-infrastructuur: energievoorziening in hetland over de Waal, NijmegenPetten : ECN, 1997. – 41 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Urban areas; Planning; Energy consumption; Energy conservation;Sensitivity analysis; Heat pumps; Coefficient of performance; Recommendations; Residentialbuildings; Heat distribution systems; Space heaters; Environmental impacts; Solar water heaters;Cost; Households

ECN-C--97-031Dodd, D.H.; Harry, R.J.S.; Kloosterman, J.L.; Konings, R.J.M.; Versteegh, A.M.Opwerking van Nederlandse splijtstof: een analysePetten : ECN, 1997. – 49 p.Keywords: Spent fuel elements; Fuel cycle; Proliferation; Reprocessing; Environmental effects;Cost; Netherlands; Uranium; Plutonium; Spent fuel storage; Radiation doses; Fission productrelease; Borssele reactor; Dodewaard reactor

34 ECN--02-006


ECN-C--97-032Hensen, A.; Bulk, W.C.M. van den; Vermeulen, A.T.; Wyers, G.P.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversieen Milieu [BCM]CO2 exchange between grassland and the atmosphere: results over a four year period of CO2

measurements at Cabauw, the NetherlandsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 53 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Netherlands; Rangelands; Data compilation; Data analysis; Monthlyvariations; Mathematical models; Validation; Daily variations; Respiration; Soils; Emission; Shortwave radiation; Uptake; Wetlands

ECN-C--97-033Kram, T.; Ybema, J.R.; Vos, D.Lastenverdeling en kosteneffectiviteit van CO2-doelstellingen voor EU-lidstaten: een analyse opbasis van scenariostudiesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 23 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Air pollution abatement; Environmental policy; Forecasting; Socio-economic factors; Negotiation; Cost estimation; Per capita values

ECN-C--97-034Snel, H.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindHet project ’Dynamic stall and 3D effects’: een samenvattingPetten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Reviews; Three-dimensional calculations; Horizontal axis turbines; Dynamic loads;Documentation; Aerodynamics; Rotors; Data analysis; Performance testing; Validation; Differen-tial equations; Field tests

ECN-C--97-035Boonekamp, P.G.M.; Farla, J.C.M.; Kroon, P.; Menkveld, M.; Schol, E.; Worell, E.; UniversiteitUtrecht. Vakgroep Natuurwetenschap en Samenleving [NWS]Energy use indicators for the Netherlands: Dutch contribution to the IEA/OECD programme onindicatorsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 39 p.Keywords: Data analysis; Energy consumption; Sectoral analysis; Households; Service sector;Industry; Transportation sector; Oecd; Data compilation

ECN-C--97-036Vermeulen, A.T.; Wyers, G.P.; Baas, J.; Hofschreuder, P.; Brunekreef, B.; Slanina, J.; ECN. Brand-stoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; TNO. Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]Orienterend immissieonderzoek regio Beuningen/NijmegenPetten : ECN, 1997. – 19 p.Keywords: Air quality; Netherlands; Public health; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Cad-mium; Beryllium; Chromium; Nickel; Arsenic; Formaldehyde; Benzene; Dusts; Sampling; Airsamplers; Particulates; Environmental exposure; Maximum permissible concentration; Air pollu-tion; Biological effects

ECN--02-006 35


ECN-C--97-038Huntelaar, M.E.; Cordfunke, E.H.P.Thermodynamisch onderzoek en berekeningen aan het systeem CsI - CsBr - DyI3 - DyBr3Petten : ECN, 1997. – 46 p.Keywords: Formation heat; Binary alloy systems; Electric lamps; Dysprosium borides; Dy-sprosium iodides; Cesium iodides; Cesium bromides; Phase diagrams; Ternary alloy systems;Quaternary alloy systems; Thermodynamic activity; Mathematical models; Vapor pressure; Ther-modynamic properties

ECN-C--97-039Smeding, S.F.; Bach, P.W.Compacte thermische energieopslag bij kantoorgebouwenPetten : ECN, 1997. – 96 p.Keywords: Office buildings; Energy storage; Heating systems; Netherlands; Cold storage;Heat storage; Energy conservation; Comparative evaluations; Thermal energy storage equip-ment; Energy demand; Computer calculations; Phase change materials; Solar collectors; Heatpumps; Cogeneration; District heating; Water heaters

ECN-C--97-040Vermeulen, A.T.; Wyers, G.P.; Slanina, J.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Baas,J.; TNO. Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]; Hofschreuder, P.; Brunekreef, B.Aanbevelingen immissieonderzoek regio Beuningen/NijmegenPetten : ECN, 1997. – 23 p.Keywords: Air quality; Netherlands; Public health; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Cad-mium; Beryllium; Chromium; Nickel; Arsenic; Formaldehyde; Benzene; Dusts; Sampling; Airsamplers; Particulates; Environmental exposure; Maximum permissible concentration; Air pollu-tion; Biological effects; Recommendations

ECN-C--97-041Jansen, J.C.; Linden, J.W.J. van der; Vos, D.Rural electrification in Swaziland: phase 2: cost-benefit analysisPetten : ECN, 1997. – 47 p.Keywords: Rural areas; Swaziland; Cost benefit analysis; Environmental impacts; Socio-economic factors; Program management; Social impact; Economic impact; Standard of living;Economic development; Cost recovery; Investment; Electric power

ECN-C--97-042Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Long term leaching behaviour of cement mortarsPetten : ECN, July 1997. – 102 p.Keywords: Cements; Mortars; Leaching; Ph value; Standardization; Performance testing; Com-parative evaluations; Multi-element analysis; Chemical composition; Ashes; Synthetic fuels; Rawmaterials; Quality control; Metals; Contamination regulations; Concretes

36 ECN--02-006


ECN-C--97-043Koning, A.J.ENDF6-transformation of the MENDL-2 and wind transmutation librariesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 65 p.Keywords: Data compilation; Nuclear data collections; Transmutation; Data processing; Crosssections; Mev range 10-100; Radioactive waste processing; Uranium isotopes; Numerical data;Plutonium isotopes; Neptunium isotopes; Radioactivation; Neutrons

ECN-C--97-044Koning, A.J.; Hogenbirk, A.High-energy nuclear data files: from ENDF-6 to NJOY to MCNPPetten : ECN, 1997. – 14 p.Keywords: N codes; Nuclear data collections; Monte carlo method; Neutron transport; Chargetransport; Mev range 100-1000; Data processing; Cross sections; Angular distribution; Nuclearreaction yield

ECN-C--97-045Rajsekhar, B. ; Hulle, F. vanAssessment of grid integrational problems of wind farms: wind farm implementation study subtask1Petten : ECN, August 1997. – 64 p.Keywords:

ECN-C--97-046Hulle, F.J.L. van; Borg, N.J.C.M. van der; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Prasad, N.S.;Suresh, R.; Rajsekhar, B.Wind energy centre at Mithapur, Gujarat, India: technical reportPetten : ECN, 1997. – 50 p.Keywords: India; Wind power; Information dissemination; Quality assurance; Site selection;Wind power industry; Performance testing; Materials testing; Certification; Test facilities; Equip-ment; Training; Design; Information centers; Institutional factors

ECN-C--97-047Hulle, F.J.L. van; Jansen, J.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Prasad, N.S.; Suresh, R.Wind energy centre at Gujarat State, India: business planPetten : ECN, 1997. – 54 p.Keywords: India; Wind power; Information dissemination; Quality assurance; Site selection;Wind power industry; Performance testing; Materials testing; Certification; Test facilities; Equip-ment; Training; Design; Information centers; Institutional factors; Market; Program management;Financing

ECN-C--97-049Konings, R.J.M.; Bakker, K.; Dodd, D.H.; Gruppelaar, H.; Haas, J.B.M. de; Kloosterman, J.L.;Konings, R.J.M.Recycling van actiniden en splijtingsprodukten: jaarverslag onderzoeksprogramma 1996Petten : ECN, 1997. – 43 p.Keywords: Reprocessing; Recycling; Actinides; Research programs; Evaluation; Fissionablematerials; Transmutation; Burnup; Plutonium dioxide; Mixed oxide fuels; Water cooled reac-tors; Radiation protection; Htr reactor; Uranium dioxide; Thorium oxides; Toxicity; Thermalconductivity; Computer calculations; Fuel cycle; Reactor physics

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ECN-C--97-050Jansen, J.C.; Nieuwenhout, F.D.J.; Hulle, F.J.L. van; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind;Mathur, A.; Srivastava, L.; Mathur, R.; Prasad, N.S.; Rajsekhar, B.Synthesis report of the TERI-ECN collaborative research programme 1995-1997Petten : ECN, 1997. – 53 p.Keywords: Air pollution abatement; Greenhouse gases; Evaluation; Program management; Coor-dinated research programs; Ecn; Netherlands; India; Market; Solar architecture; Solar equipment;Economic impact; Social impact; Environmental impacts; Information centers; Wind power in-dustry; Wind turbine arrays; Planning; Renewable energy sources; Institutional factors

ECN-C--97-051Ybema, J.R.; Lako, P.; Kok, I.C.; Schol, E.; Gielen, D.J.; Kram, T.Scenarios for Western Europe on long term abatement of CO2 emissionsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 90 p.Keywords: Western europe; Climatic change; Forecasting; Energy consumption; Carbon di-oxide; Emission; Sectoral analysis; Air pollution abatement; Cost estimation; Energy models;Technology assessment; Energy efficiency; Nuclear energy; Fuel substitution; Renewable energysources

ECN-C--97-053Lako, P.; Ybema, J.R.CO2 abatement in Western European power generationPetten : ECN, 1997. – 84 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Western europe; Air pollution abatement; Power generation; Fo-recasting; Technology assessment; Technology impacts; Taxes; Coal; Natural gas; Wind power;Biomass; Nuclear power; Hydroelectric power; Solar energy; Petroleum; Renewable energysources

ECN-C--97-055Comans, R.N.J.; Zevenbergen, C.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Beoordeling van het effekt van grondreiniging op de uitloogbaarheid van grondPetten : ECN, 1997. – 86 p.Keywords: Soils; Remedial action; Leachates; Leaching; Surface contamination; Field tests;Pollutants; Sludges; Recommendations; Building materials; E codes; Cadmium; Copper; Lead;Zinc; Nickel; Ph value; Sorption

ECN-C--97-058Pellis, J.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindThe DC low-voltage housePetten : ECN, September 1997. – 80 p.Keywords: Houses; Photovoltaic power supplies; Electric appliances; Inverters; Power losses;Households; Energy consumption; Electrical faults; Dc systems; Ac systems; Power demand;Power distribution; Alternating current; Direct current; Safety

ECN-C--97-062Hensen, A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Evaluatie van de methaanemissie van de deponie bij Nauerna en Hollandse BrugPetten : ECN, 1997. – 45 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Methane; Emission; Nonradioactive waste disposal; Plumes; Air pollu-tion monitoring; Sampling

38 ECN--02-006


ECN-C--97-063Harmelen, A.K. van; Stoffer, A.; Motahari, M.Transfer of energy technologies to Central and Eastern European countries: potentials and eco-nomic profitabilityPetten : ECN, June 1997. – 101 p.Keywords: Technology transfer; Czech republic; Slovakia; Bulgaria; Technology assessment;Energy policy; Economic analysis; Industry; Sectoral analysis; Cogeneration; Investment; Che-mical industry; Paper industry; Food industry; Energy conservation; Energy efficiency; Energyconsumption; District heating; Fossil fuels; Power generation; Capacity; Prices; Pollution abate-ment; Sensitivity analysis

ECN-C--97-064Gielen, D.J.Technology characterisation for ceramic and inorganic materials: input data for Western Euro-pean MARKALPetten : ECN, 1997. – 71 p.Keywords: Ceramics; Data analysis; Technology assessment; Material balance; Cost; Fabri-cation; Manufacturing; Efficiency; Materials recovery; Recycling; Bricks; Cements; Chlorine;Sodium hydroxides; Concretes; Glass; Gypsum; Kaolin; Nitric acid; Phosphorus; Phosphoricacid; Potassium; Calcium oxides; Limestone; Sodium carbonates; Sodium chlorides; Rocks;Sulfur; Sulfuric acid; Titanium oxides; Fertilizers; Building materials

ECN-C--97-065Gielen, D.J.Building materials and CO2: Western European emission reduction strategiesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 25 p.Keywords: Building materials; Carbon dioxide; Emission; Western europe; Construction in-dustry; Nonradioactive waste management; Material substitution; Technology assessment; Mcodes; Resource management; Buildings; Demolition; Energy consumption; Cost; Life cycle;Thermal mass; Cements; Wood; Steels; Bricks; Sand; Limestone; Aluminium; Plastics; Asphalts;Data analysis

ECN-C--97-067Harmelen, T. van; Stoffer, A.; Jabinski, I.; Manoilova, T.Energy demand and supply in Bulgaria and Haskovo region: technical report for the Phare Project’Energy concept/regional energy centre for the pilot region of Haskovo’Petten : ECN, 1997. – 136 p.Keywords: Bulgaria; Supply and demand; Energy demand; Energy supplies; Energy analysis;Socio-economic factors; Data analysis; Energy balance; Regional analysis; Energy consumption;Fossil-fuel power plants; Sectoral analysis; Air pollution abatement; Industry; Energy conserva-tion; Residential sector; Service sector; Public buildings; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide

ECN-C--97-069Wiggelinkhuizen, E.J.; Baltus, C.W.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindAnalyse meetresultaten PV-installatie te Zandvoort: juli 1994 - december 1996 (eindrapportage)Petten : ECN, 1997. – 29 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Photovoltaic power supplies; Data analysis; Data processing; Inverters;Energy efficiency; Solar radiation; Energy yield; Temperature gradients; Temperature dependence;Houses; Flat plate collectors

ECN--02-006 39


ECN-C--97-071Van den Akker, J.H.A. ; Baken, T.Efficient residential lighting in Peru. Vol. 1. Marketing study for the introduction of compactfluorescent lampsPetten : ECN, Oct 1997. – 70 p.Keywords:

ECN-C--97-072Van den Akker, J.H.A.Efficient residential lighting in Peru. Vol. 2. Impacts of the introduction of compact fluorescentlampsPetten : ECN, Oct 1997. – 52 p.Keywords:

ECN-C--97-078Harmelen, A.K. van; Rooijen, S.N.M. van; Jepma, C.J.; Gaast, W. van derJoint implementation met Midden- en Oost-Europa: mogelijkheden en beperkingen bij de realisatievan de Nederlandse CO2-reductiedoelstelling in de periode 2000-2010Petten : ECN, 1997. – 93 p.Keywords: Emission; Carbon dioxide; Joint ventures; International cooperation; Eastern europe;Bilateral agreements; Netherlands; Trade; Market; Competition; Air pollution abatement; Russianfederation; Poland; Ukraine; Czech republic; Romania; Bulgaria; Western europe; Usa; Oecd;Cost benefit analysis

ECN-C--97-080Lindenburg, C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Joosse, P.A. ; Weisser, B.; Ingenieurge-sellschaft R. Diez, U. Hindenlang, A. KurzBUCKBLADE: state of the art of buckling load analysis tools for rotor bladesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 91 p.Keywords: Dynamic loads; Horizontal axis turbines; Deformation; Strains; Rotors; Design;Validation; Geometry; Finite element method; Forecasting; Transverse momentum; Longitudinalmomentum; Computer codes; Computer calculations

ECN-C--97-084Kaan, H.F.; Ligthart, F.A.T.M.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindGrote Sint Laurenskerk te Alkmaar: de winterjas kan uitPetten : ECN, 1997. – 33 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Public buildings; Energy conservation; Thermal insulation; Thermalcomfort; Microclimates; Space heating; Ceilings; Computerized simulation

ECN-C--97-086Vermeulen, A.T.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Hollander, J.C.T. ; Vosbeek,M.E.J.P.An intercomparison ring test of ambient methane concentration measurementsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Methane; Interlaboratory comparisons; Netherlands; Gas chromatography; Calibra-tion standards; Concentration ratio

40 ECN--02-006


ECN-C--97-087Horsten, M.G.; Hoepen, J. van; Boskeljon, J.Irradiation testing of stainless steel plate material and weldments: report on ITER task T14, partA: low cycle fatigue properties after 0.5 and 5 dpa at 350 KPetten : ECN, 1997. – 38 p.Keywords: Fatigue; Stainless steel-316l; Breeding blankets; Physical radiation effects; Post-irradiation examination; Stress analysis; Strains; Welded joints; Electron beam welding; Tempe-rature range 0273-0400 k; First wall; Experimental data; Strain softening; Plates; Irradiation

ECN-C--97-088Rensman, J.W.; Boskeljon, J.; Horsten, M.G.; Vries, M.I. deIrradiation testing of stainless steel plate material and welments: report on ITER task T14, pt B:tensile properties after 0.5 and 5 dpa at 350 and 500 KPetten : ECN, 1997. – 60 p.Keywords: Stainless steel-316l; Stress analysis; Welded joints; Electron beam welding; Tempe-rature range 0273-0400 k; First wall; Experimental data; Plates; Irradiation; Fracture properties;Atomic displacements; Interstitial helium generation; Temperature range 0400-1000 k; Yieldstrength; Temperature dependence; Ductility; Radiation hardening; Tensile properties; Strains

ECN-C--97-089Rensman, J.W.; Broek, P.F. van den; Bruyne, H.J. de; Osch, E.V. van; Vries, M.I. deIrradiation testing of stainless steel plate material and weldments: report on ITER task T14, partC: fracture toughness up to 5 dpa at 350 and 525 KPetten : ECN, 1997. – 54 p.Keywords: Stainless steel-316l; Stress analysis; Welded joints; Electron beam welding; Tempe-rature range 0273-0400 k; First wall; Experimental data; Plates; Irradiation; Fracture properties;Atomic displacements; Interstitial helium generation; Temperature range 0400-1000 k; Youngmodulus; Yield strength; Tensile properties; Temperature dependence

ECN-C--97-090Erisman, J.W.; Mols, J.J.; Wyers, G.P.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Draaijers,G.P.J.; TNO. Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]Throughfall monitoring during one year at 14 ICP forest level 2 sites in The NetherlandsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 45 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Throughfall; Atmospheric precipitations; Forests; Air pollution mo-nitoring; Nitrogen; Meteorology; Time-series analysis; Air pollution abatement; Air samplers;Deposition; Data analysis; Quantitative chemical analysis; Potassium ions; Calcium ions; Mag-nesium ions; Sodium ions; Chlorine ions; Ammonia; Sulfates; Comparative evaluations

ECN-C--97-097Alderliesten, P.T.; Bracht, M.An attractive option for CO2 control in IGCC systems: water gas shift with integrated H2/CO2

separation (WIHYS) process: phase 1: proof of principlePetten : ECN, December 1997. – 76 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Shift processes; Coal gasification; Membranes; Systems analysis;Catalysts; Bench-scale experiments; Mathematical models; Removal; Combined cycles; Feasibi-lity studies; Investment; Operating cost; Ceramics; Water gas; Energy efficiency

ECN--02-006 41


ECN-C--97-098Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Leaching characteristics of lead-zinc primary smelters slags: final report BRE2-CT-94-0585Petten : ECN, 1997. – 48 p.Keywords: Lead; Zinc; Leaching; Slags; Smelters; Boundary conditions; Chemical composition;Particle size; Morphology; Uses; Geochemistry; Embankments; Pavements; Elements; Multi-element analysis

ECN-C--97-099Ligthart, F.S.; Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; Kiel, J.H.A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie enMilieu [BCM]Biobrandstof van verontreinigde grond: kwaliteit vliegas bij vergassing en meestoken in poeder-centralesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 78 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Power generation; Fly ash; Pulverized fuels; Willows; Surface contami-nation; Cocombustion; Gasification; Biomass; Sludges; Quality control; Chemical composition;Metals; Ashes; Leaching; Wood wastes; Emission; Cements; Concretes

ECN-C--97-100Drift, A. van der; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]; Schakelaar, D.; TNO. Milieu,Energie en Procesinnovatie [TNO-MEP]National round robin of biomass fuels and ashesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 51 p.Keywords: Biomass; Interlaboratory comparisons; Ashes; Quantitative chemical analysis; Stan-dardization; Sample preparation; Sampling; Calcium; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sulfur; Chlorine;Zinc; Lead; Cadmium; Copper; Moisture; Carbon; Straw; Bark; Digestion

ECN-C--97-102Aaldijk, J.K.; Vroegindeweij, C.; Watkins, P.; European Commission. Joint Research Centre [JRC]Verification of the definition of the HB11 beam in the INEL treatment planning software as appliedto the NKI-head phantomPetten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Neutron capture therapy; Verification; Neutron beams; Computer calculations; Pmma;Plexiglas; Phantoms; Tissue-equivalent materials; Neutron fluence; Dose rates; Gamma radiation;Fast neutrons; Comparative evaluations; Collimators

ECN-C--98-007Uyterlinde, M.A.; Arkel, W.G. van; Bosch, A. van den; Dril, A.W.N. van; Jeeninga, H.Energy efficiency in the Netherlands: Dutch contribution to the project ’Cross country comparisonon energy efficiency’Petten : ECN, December 1997. – 57 p.Keywords: Energy efficiency; Netherlands; Data analysis; Environmental policy; Energy policy;Sectoral analysis; Energy conservation; Industry; Households; Energy consumption; Transport;Service sector

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ECN-C--98-039Koutstaal, P.R.; Kram, T.; Rooijen, S.N.M. vanVerhandelbare CO2-emissierechten: een kwantitatieve analyse van een VER-systeem tussen AnnexI landenPetten : ECN, November 1997. – 53 p.Keywords: Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Climatic change; Economics; Environmental policy; Euro-pean union; Feasibility studies; Fossil fuels; International agreements; Licenses; Sulfur dioxide;Taxes; Trade; Air pollution abatement; Oecd; Eastern europe

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3.2 I-Publications

ECN-I--96-042Grupa, J.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieInstallatie rapport EMOS4: ECN modificatiesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 77 p.Keywords: Computer codes; E-codes; Radionuclide migration; Radioactive waste storage; Saltdeposits; Computer program documentation

ECN-I--97-001Haperen, J. van; Haije, W.G.Milieubewuste materiaalkeuze: mono- versus niet mono-materialenPetten : ECN, January 1997. – 40 p.Keywords: Materials; Environmental impacts; Decision making; Composite materials; Ironcompounds; Synthetic materials; Elastomers; Wood; Minerals; Paper; Recycling; Service life;Life cycle; Consumer products

ECN-I--97-003Hoving, A.H.; Voorbraak, W.P.Neutron metrology en experiment EFTTRA-T2BIS (RAS-02)Petten : ECN, 1997. – 35 p.Keywords: Neutron activation analysis; HFR reactor; Neutron fluence; Radiation detectors;Nuclear reactions; Calculation methods

ECN-I--97-004Sciolla, C.M.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieSIRIO 277-03/04: nuclear analysisPetten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Irradiation; Activation analysis; Computer calculations; Nuclear reaction analysis

ECN-I--97-005Engelen, T.G. van; Schie, R.A. van; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindMobiele Blad Test Faciliteit (MBTF): concepten voor vermoeiingsproevenPetten : ECN, 1997. – 28 p.Keywords: Fatigue; Airfoils; Rotors; Test facilities; Actuators; Cost; Excitation; Harmonics

ECN-I--97-007Kalverda, M.SAVE-transport overige vervoerswijzen personenvervoer: modellering van energieverbruiksont-wikkelingen in het personenvervoerPetten : ECN, 1997. – 81 p.Keywords: Energy models; Energy consumption; Road transport; Rail transport; Energy analysis;Energy conservation; Buses; Trains; Electric-powered vehicles; Air transport; Aircraft; Taxicabs;Motorcycles; Ships; Occupants; Vehicles; Mass transit systems; Computerized simulation

44 ECN--02-006

ECN publications per serie (I)

ECN-I--97-010Osch, E.V. van; Horsten, M.G.; Vries, M.I. deFracture toughness PWR internals: ECN contribution to CEC contracts on PWR internals-part2, (ETNU/CT/94/0136-F)Petten : ECN, 1997. – 69 p.Keywords: Materials testing; Fracture properties; Neutrons; Irradiation; Data analysis; Evaluateddata; Austenitic steels; Stainless steels; PWR type reactors; Cracks; Fracture mechanics; Charpytest

ECN-I--97-011Dassel, G.; Buurveld, H.A.; Plakman, J.C.Gamma spectrometry of 285-05 ILAS gamma scan wiresPetten : ECN, 1997. – 183 p.Keywords: Neutron activation analysis; Nondestructive analysis; Materials testing; Irradiation;Neutrons; Neutron reactions; Stainless steels; Ferritic steels; Martensitic steels; Gamma spectros-copy; Wires; Gamma detection; Numerical data; Evaluated data; Neutron fluence

ECN-I--97-012Dassel, G.; Buurveld, H.A.; Plakman, J.C.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenGamma spectrometry of 268-06 SIWAS gamma scan wiresPetten : ECN, 1997. – 240 p.Keywords: Nondestructive analysis; Neutron activation analysis; Materials testing; Irradiation;Neutrons; Stainless steels; Ferritic steels; Martensitic steels; Gamma spectroscopy; Wires; Nume-rical data; Evaluated data; Gamma detection; Neutron reactions; Neutron fluence

ECN-I--97-013Ravensberg, K.; Roserot de Melin, F.; Stecher-Rasmussen, F.Beschrijving beveiligings- en interlocksysteem therapie faciliteit HB11 - BNCTPetten : ECN, 1997. – 37 p.Keywords: Test facilities; Neutron capture therapy; Boron; Hfr reactor; Radiation protection;Interlocks; Patients; Engineering drawings

ECN-I--97-014Baard, J.H.; Ketema, D.J.Neutron metrology in the HFR: steel irradiation R276-03/04/05 (MANIA)Petten : ECN, 1997. – 40 p.Keywords: Neutron activation analysis; HFR reactor; Ferritic steels; Martensitic steels; Stainlesssteels; Irradiation; Neutron fluence; Numerical data; Computer calculations; Experimental data;Evaluated data

ECN-I--97-015Schram, R.P.C.; Prij, J.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenBack-end of the HTR fuel cyclePetten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Spent fuels; Reprocessing; Fuel cycle; Radioactive waste processing; Carbon 14;Graphite; Radioactive waste disposal; Radiation protection

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ECN-I--97-016Bais, J.M.; ECN. CorporateHet vijf stappen plan voor een optimale energie-infrastructuurPetten : ECN, May 1997. – 29 p.Keywords: Energy policy; Planning; Local government; Netherlands; Energy conservation; Ur-ban areas; Political aspects; Socio-economic factors; Taxes; Financial incentives; Public utilities;Market

ECN-I--97-017Zaal, K.J.J.M.Finite element evaluation of the J-integral in compact tension specimens with non-straight crackfrontsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 18 p.Keywords: Materials testing; Tensile properties; Integrals; Finite element method; Cracks;Computer codes; M-codes; Stress analysis; Elasticity

ECN-I--97-019McKay, P.C.13th Electric vehicle symposium (EVS-13), 13-16 oktober 1996, Osaka, Japan: een impressie vande ontwikkelingen op het gebied van elektrisch vervoerPetten : ECN, 1997. – 62 p.Keywords: Electric-powered vehicles; Meetings; Proceedings; Electric batteries; Energy storage;Energy policy; Market; Marketing; Air quality; Standardization; Fuel cells; Reviews

ECN-I--97-020Laan, J.G. van der; Fokkens, J.H.; Hendriks, H.A.; IJpelaan, R.; Sciolla, C.M.; Conrad, R.; Euro-pean Commission. Joint Research Centre [JRC]. Institute for Advanced Materials [IAM]In-pile testing of a submodule for the helium cooled pebble-bed blanket: progress report on thefeasibility study for the EBPPetten : ECN, 1997. – 59 p.Keywords: Thermonuclear reactors; Reactor components; Breeding blankets; Helium cooledreactors; HFR reactor; Materials testing; Post-irradiation examination; Tritium recovery; Gas ana-lysis; Pebble bed reactors; Feasibility studies; European Union; Coordinated research programs;Materials testing reactors; Cooling systems; Thermal analysis

ECN-I--97-024Janssen, L.G.J.; Curvers, A.P.W.M.Testveld voor MW-windturbines: uitgangspunten en kostenindicatiePetten : ECN, June 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Wind turbines; Test facilities; Planning; Netherlands; Cost estimation; Investment;Site selection; Operation

ECN-I--97-026Sciolla, C.M.SIRIO 277-03/04 (Two Shielded Legs): nuclear analysisPetten : ECN, 1997. – 18 p.Keywords: Vanadium alloys; Titanium alloys; Chromium base alloys; Physical radiation effects;Tensile properties; Neutron fluence; Computer calculations; W codes; Transmutation; Reactivity;Boron carbides; Burnup; Nuclear reaction kinetics; Heat transfer

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ECN-I--97-029Gruppelaar, H.; Konings, R.J.M.; Cordfunke, E.H.P.; Prij, J.Transmutation of nuclear waste: state-of-the-art: national and international research and stra-tegy studies on partitioning and transmutation of actinides and fission productsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 52 p.Keywords: Transmutation; Radioactive waste processing; Reviews; Coordinated research pro-grams; Actinides; Fission products; Reprocessing; Plutonium; Fuel cycle; Thorium cycle; Acce-lerators; Uranium; Americium; Cesium 135; Iodine 129; Technetium 99; High-level radioactivewastes

ECN-I--97-030Verkroost, H.; Nes, G.J.H. van; ECN. Facilitaire DienstEnergy Information on Internet: origin and maintenance of a databasehttp://www.ecn.nl/eii/main.htmlPetten : ECN, 1997. – 19 p.Keywords: Internet; Data compilation; Documentation; Data acquisition

ECN-I--97-032Grupa, J.Berekening van doses ten gevolge van radon lozingen: specificatie van de uitgangspunten nodigvoor de berekening met NUDOSPetten : ECN, 1997. – 52 p.Keywords: N codes; Radon 222; Dose rates; Inhalation; Ingestion; Ground release; Particleresuspension; Radioactive aerosols; Radioactive clouds; Computer calculations; Polonium 218;Lead 214; Bismuth 214; Polonium 214; Lead 210; Bismuth 210; Polonium 210

ECN-I--97-034Baard, J.H.; Ketema, D.J.Neutron metrology in the HFR: steel irradiation R139-802 (SINAS)Petten : ECN, 1997. – 32 p.Keywords: Damaging neutron fluence; Atomic displacements; Fast neutrons; Thermal neu-trons; Experimental data; Interstitial helium generation; Stainless steel-304; Stainless steel-308;Temperature range 0400-1000 k

ECN-I--97-037Brink, H.M. ten; Khlystov, A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Het effect van aerosol-deeltjes op het klimaat is niet-lineairPetten : ECN, 1997. – 22 p.Keywords: Aerosols; Nonlinear problems; Particulates; Climatic change; Solar radiation; Re-flection; Clouds; Particle size

ECN-I--97-038Horsten, M.G.; Braam, H.; Voorbraak, W.P.; Haas, J.B.M. de; Hogenbirk, A.Methodology for integrity assessment of irradiated components with flawsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 37 p.Keywords: Fracture mechanics; Damaging neutron fluence; Data covariances; Data analysis;Probabilistic estimation; Sensitivity analysis; Structure factors; Stress intensity factors; Neutrondosimetry; Shielding materials; Nuclear reaction kinetics; Tensile properties; Physical properties;Radioactivity; Finite element method

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ECN-I--97-040Oosterheert, R.J.; Bais, J.M.Energie in de ’Verkenningen’: Noord-Holland 2030Petten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Energy policy; Planning; Supply and demand; Energy demand; Fore-casting; Sectoral analysis; Environmental policy; Market; Transport; Institutional factors

ECN-I--97-041Menkveld, M.; Beeldman, M.Substitutie van elektriciteit bij wasmachines en drogers: energetische en kostentechnische be-schouwingPetten : ECN, 1997. – 32 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Electricity; Cost; Energy efficiency; Clothes dryers; Clothes washers;Comparative evaluations; Heat; Natural gas; Energy consumption; Emission; Energy conserva-tion; Payback period; Carbon dioxide

ECN-I--97-042Gilijamse, W.; Ligthart, F.A.T.M.; Kaan, H.F.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindDuurzame renovatie ECN-laboratorium: dl. 1: uitgangspunten renovatiePetten : ECN, 1997. – 44 p.Keywords: Retrofitting; Laboratories; Laboratory buildings; Construction; Heating systems;Lighting systems; Ventilation systems; Monitoring; Thermal comfort; Energy consumption; Solarenergy; Energy conservation; Cogeneration; Heat storage

ECN-I--97-043Hartogh, G.P.J. den; ECN. Facilitaire DienstTelewerken: uitkomsten van een verkennende enquête naar een nieuwe arbeidsvorm bijECNPetten : ECN, 1997. – 57 p.Keywords: Teleworking; ECN; Questionnaires; Working conditions; Feasibility studies

ECN-I--97-044Dassel, G.; Buurveld, H.A.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenGamma spectrometry of EFTTRA-T2 R280.2: gamma scan wires 1 through 5Petten : ECN, 1997. – 167 p.Keywords: Gamma spectra; Gamma spectroscopy; Radioisotope scanning; Cobalt 58; Manga-nese 54; Chromium 51; Cobalt 60; Neutron fluence; Fast neutrons; Thermal neutrons; Numericaldata; Gamma detection; Radioactivity; Atomic displacements

ECN-I--97-045Kikstra, J.F.Een overzicht van mogelijke HTGR-GT systemen voor produktie van elektriciteit en warmte: mettechnische beoordeling van geschiktheid voor een kleine Nederlandse W/K centralePetten : ECN, 1997. – 35 p.Keywords: Htgr type reactors; Helium cooled reactors; Gas turbines; Cogeneration; Netherlands;Steam turbines; Combined cycles; Closed-cycle systems; Energy efficiency

48 ECN--02-006


ECN-I--97-050Vegt, O.M. de; Haije, W.G.Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of composite materialsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 39 p.Keywords: Composite materials; Fiberglass; Rotors; Epoxides; Polyesters; Classification; Air-foils; Carbon fibers; Service life; Environmental impacts; Production; Waste disposal

ECN-I--97-051Jeeninga, H.Analyse energieverbruik sector huishoudens 1982-1996: achtergronddocument bij het rapport’Monitoring energievergruik en beleid Nederland’Petten : ECN, December 1997. – 51 p.Keywords: Netherlands; Households; Energy consumption; Time-series analysis; Natural gas;Gas appliances; Electricity; Electric appliances; Space heating; Water heating; Thermal insula-tion; Houses; Ventilation; Attitudes; Lighting systems; Prices; Energy expenses; Taxes; Energyconservation; Data analysis; Income

ECN-I--97-055Freudenreich, W.E.Experiment R285-06 (ILAS 6): activity calculationsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 18 p.Keywords: Experimental data; Austenitic steels; Temperature range 0400-1000 k; Atomic di-splacements; Sample holders; Chemical composition; Transmutation; Radioactivity; Thermalneutrons; Damaging neutron fluence

ECN-I--97-056Freudenreich, W.E.Experiments R287-4/5 (CHARIOT 4/5): activity calculationsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 25 p.Keywords: Austenitic steels; Irradiation; Atomic displacements; Radioactivity; Sample holders;Neutron fluence; Temperature range 0400-1000 k; Computer calculations; Transmutation

ECN-I--97-057Verbakel, W.F.A.R.Design of a [gamma]-ray analysis system for determination of boron in a patient’s head, duringneutron irradiationPetten : ECN, 1997. – 69 p.Keywords: Neutron capture therapy; Boron 10; Gamma radiation; Patients; Neoplasms; Brain;Thermal neutrons; Neutron fluence; High-purity ge detectors; Telescopes; Gamma detection;Hydrogen; Phantoms; Tissue-equivalent materials

ECN--02-006 49


3.3 R-Publications

ECN-R--97-001Boer, A.J. de; Uil, H. den; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]An evaluation of three routes for the production of liquid fuels from biomassPetten : ECN, April 1997. – 38 p.Keywords: Biomass; Ethanol; Liquid fuels; Methanol; Diesel fuels; Algae; Production; Biocon-version; Hydrolysis; Fermentation; Gasification; Synthesis gas; Cost

ECN-R--97-002Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Comparison of pH static leach test data with ANC test dataPetten : ECN, 1997. – 38 p.Keywords: Leaching; Ph value; Soils; Municipal wastes; Ashes; Sewage sludge; Comparativeevaluations; Multi-element analysis

ECN-R--97-004Seebregts, A.J.A critical review of existing guidelines for uncertainty analysisPetten : ECN, 1997. – 39 p.Keywords: Data covariances; Risk assessment; Recommendations; Reviews

ECN-R--97-006Boonekamp, P.G.M.HTR als industriele warmte/kracht-optie: marktkansen voorlopig ontwerpPetten : ECN, May 1997. – 33 p.Keywords:

ECN-R--97-009Lako, P.; Gielen, D.J.European biomass scenarios and the need for import of biomassPetten : ECN, 1997. – 43 p.Keywords: Biomass; Imports; Europe; Land use; Forecasting; Crops; Denmark; Sweden; Fin-land; Netherlands; Energy policy; Cost; Uruguay; Estonia

ECN-R--97-011Gruppelaar, H.; Kloosterman, J.L.; Pijlgroms, B.J.; Rimpault, G.; France. Commissariat a l’EnergieAtomique [CEA] ; Smith, P. ; Ignatyuk, A.V.; Koshcheev, V.; Nikolaev, M. ; Kawai, M.; Nakagawa,T.; Watanabe, T.; Zukeran, A.Status of pseudo fission-product cross sections for fast reactors: results of the SWG17Petten : ECN, 1997. – 56 p.Keywords: Fission products; Cross sections; Fast reactors; Capture; Inelastic scattering; Isotopes;Comparative evaluations; Reactivity; Nuclear data collections; Neutron reactions

50 ECN--02-006

ECN publications per serie (R)

ECN-R--97-013Kloosterman, J.L.; Khorochev, M.; Stad, R.C.L. van derAnalysis of a thorium fuelled PWRPetten : ECN, 1997. – 55 p.Keywords: Burnup; Pwr type reactors; Uranium 238; Doppler coefficient; Density; Isotopes;Enriched uranium; Uranium oxides; Thorium oxides; Toxicity; Boron; Uranium 233; Uranium234; Reprocessing; Computer calculations; Spent fuels; Spent fuel storage

ECN-R--97-014Kloosterman, J.L.ECN results of the PSI benchmarks on non-fertile fuelsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 57 p.Keywords: Plutonium oxides; Aluminium oxides; Zirconium oxides; Magnesium oxides; Tho-rium oxides; Erbium oxides; Burnup; Criticality; Temperature coefficient; Void coefficient; Boron10; Reactivity worths; Nuclear matrix; Burnable poisons; Benchmarks; Isotope ratio; Neutronspectra

ECN--02-006 51


3.4 RX-Publications

ECN-RX--96-062Hienen, J.F.A. van; Poley, A.D.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieNo real-time prognoses without diagnosesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 9 p.Keywords: Computer program documentation; Computer codes; I-codes; Accidents; Fissionproduct release; Source terms

ECN-RX--96-068Rabou, L.P.L.M.; Hartog, R. den; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Process furnaces fired with ceramic foam burnersPetten : ECN, 1997. – 10 p.Keywords: Gas burners; Ceramics; Infrared radiation; Nitrogen oxides; Air pollution abatement;Energy efficiency; Foams; Design; Gas furnaces; Cost estimation

ECN-RX--96-069Rabou, L.P.L.M.; Bodenstaff, H.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]High-efficiency los-NOx ceramic radiant burnersPetten : ECN, 1997. – 12 p.Keywords: Ceramics; Gas burners; Radiant heaters; Nitrogen oxides; Combustion control;Foams; Air pollution abatement; Infrared radiation; Energy efficiency; Oxygen enrichment; Per-formance

ECN-RX--97-001Pierik, J.T.G.; Frumau, C.F.A.; Secker, J.F.; Haan, S.W.H. de; Lewald, N.; Preuss, S.; Andersson,M.; Panagiotidis, T.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindAn innovative autonomous 2 kW hybrid photovoltaic-wind power system for rural electrification(AREP)Petten : ECN, 1997. – 10 p.Keywords: Photovoltaic power supplies; Horizontal axis turbines; Electric batteries; Electricgenerators; Rural areas; Inverters; Energy management systems; Performance testing; Powersupplies

ECN-RX--97-002Verbakel, W.F.A.R.; Stecher-Rasmussen, F.; ECN. StralingstechnologieA [gamma]-ray telescope for on-line measurements of low boron concentrations in a head-phantomfor BNCTPetten : ECN, 1997. – 15 p.Keywords: Neutron capture therapy; Gamma spectroscopy; Radiation detection; Telescopecounters; Boron; Concentration ratio

ECN-RX--97-003Voorbraak, W.P.; Appelman, K.H.; Nolthenius, H.J.; ECN. Nucleaire Energie; Osmera, B.; Posta,S.; Turzik, Z.International neutron metrology in the LVR-15 research reactorPetten : ECN, 1997. – 10 p.Keywords: Research reactors; Neutron spectra; Experimental data

52 ECN--02-006

ECN publications per serie (RX)

ECN-RX--97-004Rak, Z.S.; Czechowski, J.Influence of SiC particle shape on the properties of Al2O3-SiC compositesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Aluminium oxides; Silicon carbides; Powders; Ceramics; X-ray diffraction; Opticalmicroscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Phase studies; Microstructure; Fracture properties;Flexural strength

ECN-RX--97-005Boerrigter, H.; Verboom, W.; Reinhoudt, D.N.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieNovel resorcinarene cavitand-based CMP(O) cation ligands: synthesis and extraction propertiesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 25 p.Keywords: Spent fuel elements; Radioactive waste management; Reprocessing; Fuel cycle; Purexprocess; Truex process; Actinides; Ligands; Synthesis; Europium; Extraction; Cations

ECN-RX--97-006Gotz, W.W.J.Multicriteria decision analysis with influence diagram/decision tree modelsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 14 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; Accidents; Management; Decision tree analysis; Risk as-sessment; Cost; Strategy; Comparative evaluations

ECN-RX--97-007Fokkens, J.H.; Duijvestijn, G.; Braam, H.; ECN. Nucleaire EnergieLower head temperature fields for CORVIS experiments with oxidic meltPetten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Reactor vessels; Pressure vessels; Failure mode analysis; Reactor cores; Melting; Heattransfer; Water cooled reactors; Reactor accidents; Accidents; Corium; Computer calculations;Finite element method; M-codes; A-codes; Experimental data

ECN-RX--97-008Brink, H.M. ten; Dougle, P.G.; Veefkind, J.P.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Humidity dependence of the aerosol light-scattering by mixtures of ammonium nitrate, ammoniumsulfate and sootPetten : ECN, 1997. – 33 p.Keywords: Aerosols; Humidity; Light scattering; Ammonium nitrates; Ammonium sulfates;Soot; Hysteresis; Crystallization; Droplets; Mixtures; Particulates

ECN-RX--97-009Brink, H.M. ten; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]The reaction between HNO3, H2SO4 and NaCl-particlesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 25 p.Keywords: Particulates; Nitric acid; Sulfuric acid; Chemical reaction kinetics; Droplets; Particlesize; Photochemical reactions; Sodium chlorides

ECN--02-006 53


ECN-RX--97-010Rak, Z.S.; Czechowski, J.Manufacture and properties of Al2O3-TiN particulate compositesPetten : ECN, April 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Aluminium oxides; Titanium nitrides; Particulates; Ceramics; Electric conductivity;Wear resistance; Hot pressing; Oxidation; Microstructure

ECN-RX--97-011Schenk, E.; Doorn, J. van; Kiel, J.H.A.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Biomass gasification research in fixed bed and fluidised bed reactorsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Biomass; Gasification; Packed beds; Fluidized beds; Fluidized bed reactors; Mathe-matical models; Cogeneration; Test facilities; Willows; Wood wastes; Gramineae; Chemicalcomposition; Fuel gas; Bioconversion; Pilot plants; Steady-state conditions; Validation

ECN-RX--97-012Schonecker, A.; Koch, W.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindResults of the lifetime round robins done in the framework of the SEMI M6 solar silicon standar-dization task forcePetten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Carrier lifetime; Measuring methods; Interlaboratory comparisons;Standardization; Diffusion length; Passivation

ECN-RX--97-013Weeber, A.W.; Moor, H.H.C. de; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindTechnologie voor grootschalige productie van multikristallijn silicium zonnecellen en modulesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Solar cells; Prices; Manufacturing; Energy efficiency; Silicon; Polycrystals; Cost;Photovoltaic conversion

ECN-RX--97-015Schepers, J.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindNoise aspects at aerodynamic blade optimisation projectsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 14 p.Keywords: Noise pollution; Acoustic measurements; Horizontal axis turbines; Airfoils; Aerody-namics; Optimization; Energy yield; P codes; Geometry

ECN-RX--97-016Spoelstra, S.; Stoop, P.M.; Dijk, A.B. vanAssessment of SBWR safety-relief valve discharge line dynamic loads due to steam blowdownPetten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Valves; Relief valves; Flow regulators;Control systems; Dynamic loads; Pipes; Computer calculations; Computer codes; C-codes; P-codes; Steam; Steam lines; Mechanical vibrations; Stress analysis

54 ECN--02-006


ECN-RX--97-017Siccama, N.B.; Spoelstra, S.; Khorana, S.S.Passive aerosol removal within the ESBWR plantPetten : ECN, 1997. – 7 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Design; Fission product release; Reten-tion; Safety analysis; Computer codes; M-codes; Source terms; Containment; Radiation doses;Mitigation

ECN-RX--97-018Stoop, P.M.; Spoelstra, S.; ECN. Nucleaire FaciliteitenECN contribution to the SBWR development programPetten : ECN, 1997. – 13 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Design; ECN; Safety analysis; Probabi-listic estimation; Control systems; Risk assessment; Performance testing

ECN-RX--97-019Stoop, P.M.; Spoelstra, S.; ECN. Nucleaire Faciliteiten; Huggenberger, M. ; Yadigaroglu, G.TEPSS: technology enhancement of passive safety systemsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Nuclear power plants; BWR type reactors; Design; Coordinated research programs;European Union; Reactor technology; Technology assessment; Accident prevention

ECN-RX--97-020Kuijper, J.C.; Haas, J.B.M. de; Klippel, H.T.; Hogenbirk, A.; Oppe, J.; Sciolla, C.M.; Stad, R.C.L.van der; Zhang, B.C.Reactor physics calculations on the Dutch small HTR conceptPetten : ECN, 1997. – 44 p.Keywords: Gas cooled reactors; HTGR type reactors; Reactor physics; Computer calculations;Computer codes; P-codes; T-codes; Reactor cores; Experimental design

ECN-RX--97-022

ECN contributions to GLOBAL ’97: international conference on future nuclear systemsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 54 p.Keywords: Americium; Transmutation; Reprocessing; Fuel cycle; Plutonium; Pebble bed reac-tors; Computer calculations; Burnup; Americium oxides; Plutonium oxides; Benchmarks; Watercooled reactors; Fuel cells; Aluminium oxides; Zirconium oxides; Magnesium oxides; Thoriumoxides; Erbium oxides; Boron 10; Reactivity coefficients; Coordinated research programs; Spinels;Hfr reactor; Bench-scale experiments; Thermodynamic properties; Irradiation

ECN-RX--97-023Beurskens, H.J.M.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindRenewable energy technologies: status and expectationsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Renewable energy sources; Evaluation; Energy efficiency; Market; Economics;Technology assessment; Capacity; Cost; Energy yield; Energy policy; Solar energy; Wind power;Biomass

ECN--02-006 55


ECN-RX--97-024Schonecker, A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Heasman, K.; Bruton, T. ; Schmidt, J. ;Poortmans, J. ; Koch, W.Results of five solar silicon wafer minority carrier lifetime round robins organised by the semi M6solar silicon standardisation task forcePetten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Carrier lifetime; Measuring methods; Interlaboratory comparisons;Standardization; Diffusion length

ECN-RX--97-025Moor, H.H.C. de; Hoornstra, J.; Weeber, A.W.; Burgers, A.R.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & WindPrinting high and fine metal lines using stencilsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Manufacturing; Screen printing; Spray coating; Rheology

ECN-RX--97-026Hoornstra, J.; Weeber, A.W.; Moor, H.H.C. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon &WindThe importance of paste rheology in improving fine line, thick film screen printing of front sidemetallizationPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Rheology; Silver; Films; Screen printing; Spray coating; Manu-facturing; Oscillations; Shear properties; Shear; Viscosity

ECN-RX--97-027Burgers, A.R.; Wijk, J.J. van; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindInteractive simulation of silicon solar cellsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Computerized simulation; Physical properties; Education; Training

ECN-RX--97-028Schuurmans, F.M.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Schmidt, J.; Aberle, A.G.A comparative study between light-biased MW-PCD and MFCA measurements on high-qualitysurface passivated silicon wafersPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: P-type conductors; Silicon solar cells; Charge carriers; Carrier lifetime; Photocon-ductivity; Absorption; Visible radiation; Comparative evaluations; Data analysis; Power density

ECN-RX--97-029Hylton, J.D.; Burgers, A.R.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindAbsorption in thin textured silicon wafersPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Texture; Absorption; Trapping; Light transmission; Currentdensity; Spectral reflectance

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ECN-RX--97-030Burgers, A.R.; Kinderman, R.; Hylton, J.D.; Moor, H.H.C. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & WindLight-trapping in saw-damage etched silicon wafersPetten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Light transmission; Trapping; Etching; Texture; Infrared radiation;Optical reflection; Light scattering

ECN-RX--97-031Tool, C.J.J.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Schiermeier, S.E.A.; Huiberts, R.C.; Christie, G.M.; Sinke,W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindThin-film crystalline silicon solar cells in ceramic substratesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Thin films; Crystal structure; Ceramics; Substrates; Nucleation;Thermal expansion; Casting; Aluminium; Aluminium oxides; Silicon nitrides; Additives; Liquidphase epitaxy; Indium; Tin

ECN-RX--97-032Spath, M.; Sommeling, P.M.; Wienke, J.A.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & WindStability of sealed nanocrystalline organic photovoltaic devicesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Organic solar cells; Stability; Crystal structure; Dyes; Titanium oxides; Sealingmaterials; Organic solvents; Acetonitrile; Evaporation; Decomposition

ECN-RX--97-033Wienke, J.A.; Kroon, J.M.; Sommeling, P.M.; Kinderman, R.; Spath, M.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van;Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindEffect of TiO2-electrode properties on the efficiency of nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells(nc-DSC)Petten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Organic solar cells; Titanium oxides; Dyes; Energy efficiency; Photovoltaic con-version; Microstructure; Electrodes; Electric conductivity; Screen printing; Optical properties;Morphology

ECN-RX--97-034Sommeling, P.M.; Rieffe, H.C.; Kroon, J.M.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Schonecker, A.; Sinke,W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Peter, Ch.Spectral response and response time of nanocrystalline dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cellsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Titanium oxides; Solar cells; Spectral response; Photovoltaic conversion; Energyefficiency; Electrolytes; Viscosity; Ion mobility; Monochromatic radiation; Illuminance

ECN-RX--97-035Schonecker, A.; Moor, H.H.C. de; Burgers, A.R.; Weeber, A.W.; Hoornstra, J.; Sinke, W.C.; ECN.Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Michiels, P.P.; Steeman, R.A.An industrial multi-crystalline EWT solar cell with screen printed metallisationPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Polycrystals; Screen printing; Spray coating; Manufacturing;Photocurrents; Electric conductivity; Fill factors; Energy efficiency

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ECN-RX--97-036Sloot, H.A. van der; Kosson, D.S.; Cnubben, P.A.J.P.; Hoede, D.; Hjelmar, O.; ECN. Brandstoffen,Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Waste characterization to modify waste quality prior to disposalPetten : ECN, 1997. – 28 p.Keywords: Ashes; Municipal wastes; Sanitary landfills; Quality control; Leaching; Leacha-tes; Chemical composition; Sewage; Building materials; Soils; Copper; Cadmium; Zinc; Lead;Calcium; Iron; Sodium

ECN-RX--97-037Sloot, H.A. van der; Cnubben, P.A.J.P.; Geusebroek, M.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]; Naus, R.W.M.; Jansen Venneboer, J.W.; Bosman, P.H.; Krom, A.H.; Sollman, C.P.The self-forming and self-repairing sealing method: development of concept towards full scaleapplicationPetten : ECN, 1997. – 22 p.Keywords: Sanitary landfills; Nonradioactive waste management; Nonradioactive waste disposal;Field tests; Diffusion; Hydraulic conductivity; Sand; Magnesium carbonates; Fly ash; Limestone;Sealing materials

ECN-RX--97-038Koning, A.J.ECN contributions to NDST-97Petten : ECN, 1997. – 58 p.Keywords: Nuclear data collections; Meetings

ECN-RX--97-040Jantsch, M.; Real, M.; Haberlin, H.; Whitaker, C.; Kurokawa, K.; Blasser, G.; Kremer, P.; Verhoeve,C.W.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindMeasurement of PV maximum power point tracking performancePetten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Solar tracking systems; Photovoltaic power supplies; Energy efficiency; Inverters;Accuracy; Errors; Bench-scale experiments; Field tests; Standardization; Performance

ECN-RX--97-041Jantsch, M.; Verhoeve, C.W.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindAC PV module inverters with full sine wave burst operation mode for improved efficiency of gridconnected systems at low irradiancePetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Photovoltaic power supplies; Interconnected power systems; Inverters; Energy effi-ciency; Optimization; Operation; Performance

ECN-RX--97-042Jantsch, M.; Verhoeve, C.W.G.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindInverters with three phase output and without electrolyte capacitor for improved lifetime, efficiencyand costs of grid connected systemsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Inverters; Service life; Efficiency; Photovoltaic power supplies; Interconnected powersystems; Ac losses; Topology; Performance

58 ECN--02-006


ECN-RX--97-043Baltus, C.W.A.; Eikelboom, J.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Zolingen, R.J.C. vanAnalytical monitoring of losses in PV systemsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Performance; Photovoltaic power supplies; Energy losses; Data analysis; Solarradiation; Shading; Monitoring; Solar tracking; Energy efficiency

ECN-RX--97-044Comans, R.N.J.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Kinetics and reversibility of radiocaesium solid/liquid partitioning in sedimentsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 20 p.Keywords: Cesium 137; Kinetics; Sediments; Irreversible processes; Illite; Sorption; Radionu-clide migration; Isotopic exchange; Netherlands

ECN-RX--97-045Eikelboom, J.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind; Reinders, A.H.M.E.; Universiteit Utrecht.Vakgroep Natuurwetenschap en Samenleving [NWS]Determination of the irradiation dependent efficiency of multicrystalline Si PV modules on basisof IV curve fitting and its influence on the annual performancePetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Silicon solar cells; Solar cell arrays; Solar radiation; Energy efficiency; Polycrystals;Electric conductivity; Performance testing; Light transmission; Photovoltaic power supplies

ECN-RX--97-046Koning, A.J.ECISVIEW: an interactive toolbox for optical model developmentPetten : ECN, 1997. – 10 p.Keywords: E codes; Optical models; Nucleons; Nuclear reaction analysis; Parametric analysis;Angular distribution; Polarization; Total cross sections; Zirconium 90; Mev range 01-10; Mevrange 10-100; Mev range 100-1000; Computer graphics

ECN-RX--97-047Koning, A.J.; Delaroche, J.-P.; Bersillon, O.; CEA. Centre d’Etudes de Bruyeres-le-ChatelNeutron and proton data files up to 150 MeV for 54Fe, 56Fe, 58Ni and 60NiPetten : ECN, 1997. – 28 p.Keywords: Iron 54; Iron 56; Nickel 58; Nickel 60; Neutron transport; Photon transport; Nucleardata collections; Mev range 100-1000; Mev range 10-100; Computer calculations; Computercodes; Cross sections; Benchmarks; Nuclear deformation; Parity; Spin; Mev range 01-10; Opticalmodels

ECN-RX--97-048Verhoeve, C.W.G.; Frumau, C.F.A.; Held, E. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon &WindReliability testing of AC-module invertersPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Inverters; Photovoltaic power supplies; Reliability; Performance testing; Ac systems;Humidity; Freezing; Service life; Thermal cycling

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ECN-RX--97-049Verhoeve, C.W.G.; Frumau, C.F.A.; Held, E. de; Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon &WindRecent test results of AC-module invertersPetten : ECN, 1997. – 5 p.Keywords: Inverters; Photovoltaic power supplies; Reliability; Performance testing; Ac systems;Office buildings; Power factor; Harmonics

ECN-RX--97-050Bruggink, J.J.C.Market metaphors and electricity sector restructuring: lessons for developing countriesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 18 p.Keywords: Public utilities; Organizing; Market; Deregulation; Developing countries; Developedcountries; Energy policy; Economics; Decision making; Institutional factors

ECN-RX--97-052Ree, R. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]Lange-termijn perspectieven BIG/STEG systemen t.a.v. kosten en efficientie: integrale systeembe-rekeningen = Integral system calculations biomass-integrated-gasifier/combined-cycle (BIG/CC)systemsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 32 p.Keywords: Poplars; Wood wastes; Refuse derived fuels; Combined cycles; Gasification; Mathe-matical models; Energy efficiency; Fuel gas; Hot gas cleanup; Systems analysis; Gas turbines;Fossil-fuel power plants; Refuse-fueled power plants; Steam; Energy balance; Drying

ECN-RX--97-053Keverling Buisman, A.S.; ECN. Kwaliteit, Veiligheid en MilieuDose coefficients for natural radionuclidesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Radioisotopes; Natural radioactivity; Nuclear decay; Radiation doses; Computercalculations

ECN-RX--97-054Dodd, D.H.; Heijdra, J.J.; Prij, J.A repository design for the retrievable disposal of radioactive waste in rock saltPetten : ECN, 1997. – 18 p.Keywords: Radioactive waste disposal; Salt deposits; High-level radioactive wastes; Radia-tion protection; Design; Radioactive waste facilities; Monitored retrievable storage; Boreholes;Backfilling; Waste-rock interactions

ECN-RX--97-055Koning, A.J.; Chadwick, M.B.Multistep direct reactions: a microscopic two-component approachPetten : ECN, 1997. – 10 p.Keywords: Cross sections; Direct reactions; Multi-nucleon transfer reactions; Particle-hole mo-del; Scattering; Neutron emission; Proton transport; Dwba; Computer calculations; M codes;Zirconium 90; Mev range 10-100; Mev range 100-1000

60 ECN--02-006


ECN-RX--97-056Rak, Z.S.; Snijders, G.Manufacturing of ceramic cutting blades by PIMPetten : ECN, September 1997. – 23 p.Keywords: Manufacturing; Ceramics; Cutting tools; Molding; Binders; Removal; Heat tre-atments; Microstructure; Mechanical properties; Yttrium oxides; Zirconium oxides; Casting;Pressing

ECN-RX--97-057Seebregts, A.J.; Christensen, P.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindEWTS-II benchmark on data collection and parameter estimation for safety and reliability analysisof wind turbinesPetten : ECN, October 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Standardization; Wind turbines; Data compilation; Parametric analysis; Safety; Reli-ability; Fault tree analysis; Failure mode analysis

ECN-RX--97-058Grupa, J.Construction of a case for expert judgement of uncertainty in early health effects modelsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Public health; Radiation protection; Risk assessment; Dose-response relationships;Radiation doses; Radiation effects; Dose rates; Radiation dose distributions; Radiation accidents

ECN-RX--97-059Sinke, W.C.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindStand van zaken fotovoltaische zonne-energiePetten : ECN, 1997. – 4 p.Keywords: Solar energy; Market; Technology assessment; Commercialization; Photovoltaicpower supplies; Solar cells

ECN-RX--97-060Spath, M.; Kroon, J.M.; Sommeling, P.M.; Wienke, J.A.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; ECN. DuurzameEnergie, Zon & Wind; Meyer, T.B.; Meyer, A.F.; Kohle, O.New concepts of nano-crystalline organic photovoltaic devicesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Photovoltaic power supplies; Organic solar cells; Dyes; Sensitizers; Titanium oxides;Redox reactions; Energy losses; Performance testing; Sealing materials

ECN-RX--97-061Burgers, A.R.; Eikelboom, J.A.; ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & WindOptimizing metalization patterns for yearly yieldPetten : ECN, 1997. – 6 p.Keywords: Energy yield; Solar cells; Optimization; Spray coating; Screen printing; Energylosses; Electric conductivity; Shadow effect; Solar radiation

ECN--02-006 61


ECN-RX--97-062Lako, P.Power generation options and greenhouse gas emissionsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 21 p.Keywords: Power generation; Greenhouse gases; Emission; Climatic change; Taxes; Fossil-fuelpower plants; Hydroelectric power plants; Reactors; Renewable energy sources; Europe

ECN-RX--97-063Jansen, D.; Mozaffarian, M.; Schie, N. van; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]High temperature fuel cells, a competing technology for gas turbines?: if you can’t beat them,join them!Petten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Molten carbonate fuel cells; Solid electrolyte fuel cells; Gas turbines; Performance;Cogeneration; Energy efficiency; Hybrid systems; Investment; Market; Competition

ECN-RX--97-064Bussel, H.P.L.H. van; Koene, F.G.H.; Mallant, R.K.A.M.; ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM]Dynamic model of solid polymer fuel cell water managementPetten : ECN, 1997. – 17 p.Keywords: Solid electrolyte fuel cells; Two-dimensional calculations; Membrane transport;Water vapor; Diffusion; Current density; Anodes; Humidity; Performance testing

ECN-RX--97-065Wijtsma, F.J.; ECN. Nucleaire Faciliteiten; Cartwright, P.; United Kingdom. Atomic EnergyAuthority [UKAEA]; Markgraf, J.; European Commission. Joint Research Centre [JRC]In-pile behaviour of UKAEA produced silicide fuel elements at the HFR Petten, The NetherlandsPetten : ECN, 1997. – 20 p.Keywords: HFR reactor; Fuel elements; Performance testing; Post-irradiation examination;Slightly enriched uranium; Uranium silicides; DFR reactor; Specifications; Reactivity; Pressuredrop; In pile loops; Neutron fluence

ECN-RX--97-072Ybema, J.R.; Kram, T.MARKAL modelling and scenarios relating to availability of new energy technologiesPetten : ECN, 1997. – 24 p.Keywords: Energy models; Energy systems; Data analysis; Dynamics; Forecasting; Technologyassessment; Netherlands

ECN-RX--97-076Pruschek, R.; Oeljeklaus, G. ; Haupt, G.; Zimmermann, G. ; Ribberink, J.S.; Jansen, D.; ECN.Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu [BCM]The role of IGCC in CO2 abatementPetten : ECN, 1997. – 8 p.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Removal; Combined cycles; Coal gasification; Methanol; Emis-sion; Synthesis gas; Gasoline; Fossil-fuel power plants; Hydrogen; Shift processes; Scrubbers;Investment; Cost

62 ECN--02-006

4. STATISTICAL INFORMATION

ECN started in 1990 with the new publication series.The table below includes only publications by ECN authors.Not all general articles published in magazines, conference proceedings and other type of publi-cations has been characterised as ECN reports. These articles are not included in this document.Nuclear research publications are not included starting year 2000. For these publications contactthe Nuclear Research and consultancy Group (NRG). This company is a joint venture in whichECN and KEMA have combined their nuclear expertise.

Serie 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997Miscellaneous serie 15 9 8 12 20 5 1 0CX publications 71 97 103 128 166 83 58 113Confidential contract reportsC publications 62 82 86 80 71 106 96 77Contract reportsI publications 47 71 50 46 43 41 48 35Internal reportsP publications 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0Reports for broad audienceR publications 8 10 11 16 24 31 14 8Research reportsRX publications 90 115 77 108 117 55 64 66Contributions to magazines/conf.B publications 25 22 21 16 3 15 27 0LeafletsTotal 323 413 362 408 446 337 309 187

ECN--02-006 63


64 ECN--02-006

Index keywords

Absorption, 21Ac losses, 24Ac systems, 25–27Accident prevention, 20Accuracy, 24Acetonitrile, 26Acoustic measurements, 25Actuators, 25Additives, 15, 28Aerodynamics, 23–25, 28Aerosol monitoring, 9Aerosols, 9, 11, 12Air infiltration, 22Air pollution, 9, 13Air pollution abatement, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13,

14, 27Air pollution monitoring, 11, 14Air quality, 3, 9, 13Air samplers, 9, 13, 14Air transport, 6Aircraft, 6Airfoils, 17, 25, 28Algae, 9Alternating current, 27Aluminium, 3, 7, 28Aluminium oxides, 17, 28Ammonia, 14Ammonium nitrates, 12Ammonium sulfates, 12Anodes, 11Arsenic, 9, 13Ashes, 10, 13, 15Asphalts, 3, 15Atmospheric precipitations, 14Atomic displacements, 20Attitudes, 3Availability, 28

Bark, 13Belgium, 28Bench-scale experiments, 10, 14, 15, 17, 24Benzene, 9, 13Beryllium, 9, 13Bibliographic data, 19Bilateral agreements, 5Binders, 18Bioconversion, 9, 10Biological effects, 9, 13Biomass, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 26

Boundary conditions, 12Bricks, 3, 7Building materials, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13–15Buildings, 3Bulgaria, 4, 5, 8Buses, 6BWR type reactors, 17, 19, 20

C codes, 15C-codes, 17Cadmium, 9, 13, 15Calcium, 13, 15Calcium carbonates, 15Calcium hydroxides, 15Calcium ions, 14, 15Calcium oxides, 7Calibration standards, 9Calorific value, 12Capacity, 4, 8, 26Carbon, 8, 13Carbon 13, 15Carbon 14, 15, 19Carbon dioxide, 3–5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 17Carbon fibers, 17Carrier lifetime, 21, 26Casting, 18, 28Catalysts, 17Ceilings, 24Cements, 3, 7, 10, 13, 15Ceramics, 7, 11, 13, 17, 18, 28Certification, 25, 28Cesium 137, 12Charge carriers, 21Chemical composition, 10, 12, 13, 15Chemical industry, 8Chemical reaction kinetics, 14Chlorine, 7, 13, 15Chlorine ions, 14Chromium, 9, 13, 15Chromium 51, 20Classification, 17Climatic change, 6–8, 11Clothes dryers, 7Clothes washers, 7Clouds, 11Coal, 4Coal gasification, 10, 14, 17Cobalt 58, 20Cobalt 60, 20

ECN--02-006 65


Cocombustion, 10Coefficient of performance, 7Cogeneration, 4, 8, 10, 11, 17, 23Cold storage, 17Combined cycles, 12, 14, 17Combined-cycle power plants, 10Combustion control, 11Commercialization, 27Comparative evaluations, 7, 10, 13, 14, 17,

21Competition, 5, 7, 11Composite materials, 17, 18Computer calculations, 15, 17, 22, 28Computer codes, 17, 20, 22Computerized simulation, 6, 24Concentration ratio, 9, 15Concretes, 7, 10, 13Construction, 23Construction industry, 3Consumer products, 18Containment, 20Contamination regulations, 13Control systems, 17, 19Cooling, 22Coordinated research programs, 20, 23, 27Copper, 9, 13, 15Cost, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 25–27Cost benefit analysis, 4–6Cost estimation, 5, 7, 10, 13, 27Cost recovery, 6Crops, 5Crystal structure, 26, 28Crystallization, 12Current density, 11, 21Cutting tools, 18Czech republic, 5, 8

Daily variations, 10Data acquisition, 4, 19, 23, 28Data analysis, 3–7, 10, 13–15, 21, 22, 24, 28Data compilation, 4, 5, 10, 15, 19, 23, 28Data processing, 22, 23Dc systems, 27Decision making, 6, 18Decomposition, 26Deformation, 22Demolition, 3Denmark, 5Deposition, 9, 14Deregulation, 6Design, 13, 19, 20, 22, 28Deuterium, 15

Developed countries, 6Developing countries, 6, 23DFR reactor, 20Diesel fuels, 9Differential equations, 24Diffusion, 11, 14, 15Diffusion length, 26Digestion, 13Direct current, 27Dissolution, 12District heating, 8, 17Documentation, 4, 19, 24Documents, 19Droplets, 12, 14Drying, 12Dusts, 9, 13Dyes, 23, 25, 26Dynamic loads, 17, 22, 24, 25Dynamics, 6

E codes, 9, 13Eastern europe, 5, 8ECN, 19, 20Ecn, 27Economic analysis, 8Economic development, 6Economic impact, 6, 27Economics, 6, 8, 26Education, 23, 24Educational facilities, 23Educational tools, 23Efficiency, 7, 24Elastomers, 18Electric appliances, 3, 27Electric batteries, 3, 21Electric conductivity, 17, 21–23, 25Electric generators, 21Electric power, 6Electric-powered vehicles, 3, 6Electrical faults, 27Electricity, 3, 4, 7Electrodes, 23Electrolytes, 26Elements, 12–15Embankments, 12Emission, 3, 5–7, 9–11, 14, 15Employment, 4Energy analysis, 4, 6Energy balance, 4, 10, 12Energy conservation, 3–8, 17, 22–24Energy consumption, 3–8, 22, 23, 27Energy demand, 4, 17

66 ECN--02-006

INDEX KEYWORDS

Energy efficiency, 5, 7, 8, 10–13, 17, 21–24,26, 27

Energy expenses, 3Energy losses, 22, 25Energy management systems, 21Energy models, 6, 7Energy policy, 3–6, 8, 26Energy storage, 3, 17Energy supplies, 4Energy systems, 6Energy yield, 22, 25, 26Entrainment, 10Environmental exposure, 9, 13Environmental impacts, 6, 7, 10, 17, 18, 27Environmental policy, 4, 5, 8Epoxides, 17Equipment, 28Errors, 24Estonia, 5Etching, 24Ethanol, 9Europe, 5, 6European Union, 20European union, 8Evaluated data, 19Evaluation, 23, 25–27Evaporation, 26Excitation, 25Experimental data, 12, 23

Fabrication, 7Failure mode analysis, 23Fast neutrons, 20Fatigue, 25Fault tree analysis, 23Feasibility studies, 8, 17, 20Federal republic of germany, 13Fermentation, 9Ferritic steels, 19Fertilizers, 7Fiberglass, 17Field tests, 9, 13, 14, 23, 24Fill factors, 21Films, 27Financing, 28Finite element method, 22Finland, 5Fission product release, 20Flat plate collectors, 22Flexural strength, 17Floors, 23Flow regulators, 17

Flue gas, 15Fluidized bed reactors, 10Fluidized beds, 10Fly ash, 10, 12–14Foams, 11, 13Food industry, 8Forecasting, 4–7, 22Forests, 14Formaldehyde, 9, 13Fossil fuels, 8Fossil-fuel power plants, 4, 6, 12, 14Fracture properties, 17France, 13Freezing, 26Fuel cells, 3Fuel cycle, 19Fuel elements, 20Fuel gas, 10, 12Fuel substitution, 7

Gamma detection, 19, 20Gamma spectra, 20Gamma spectroscopy, 19, 20Gas appliances, 3Gas burners, 11, 13Gas chromatography, 9Gas furnaces, 13Gas turbines, 11, 12Gasification, 9, 10, 12Gasoline, 14Geochemistry, 12Geometry, 22, 23, 25Glass, 7Gramineae, 10Granular materials, 11Graphite, 19Greenhouse gases, 6, 27Gypsum, 7

Harmonics, 25Heat, 7Heat distribution systems, 7, 23Heat losses, 22Heat pumps, 7, 17, 23Heat recovery, 10, 23Heat storage, 17, 23Heat treatments, 18Heating, 22Heating systems, 17, 23HFR reactor, 20Horizontal axis turbines, 21–25, 28Hot gas cleanup, 12

ECN--02-006 67


Hot pressing, 17Hourly variations, 28Households, 3, 5, 7, 27Houses, 3, 22, 27Humidity, 11, 12, 26Hybrid systems, 11Hydraulic conductivity, 14Hydroelectric power, 4Hydroelectric power plants, 6Hydrogen, 14Hydrolysis, 9Hysteresis, 12

Illite, 12Illuminance, 26Implementation, 23Imports, 5In pile loops, 20Incinerators, 12, 15Income, 3India, 27, 28Indium, 28Industrial wastes, 12Industry, 4, 5, 8, 12Information centers, 27, 28Information dissemination, 28Information systems, 4Infrared radiation, 11, 13, 24Institutional factors, 4, 6, 27, 28Interconnected power systems, 21, 24Interlaboratory comparisons, 9, 13, 26International agreements, 8International cooperation, 5Internet, 4, 19Inverters, 21, 22, 24–27Investment, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 27Ion mobility, 26Iron, 15Iron compounds, 18Irradiation, 19Irreversible processes, 12Isotope ratio, 15Isotopic exchange, 12Italy, 13

Joint ventures, 5

Kaolin, 7Kinetics, 12

Laboratories, 23Laboratory buildings, 23Land use, 5

Leachates, 9, 13, 15Leaching, 9–15Lead, 9, 12, 13, 15Licenses, 8Life cycle, 3, 18Light scattering, 12, 24Light transmission, 21, 22, 24Lighting systems, 3, 23Limestone, 3, 7, 14Limiting values, 12Liquid fuels, 9Liquid phase epitaxy, 28Longitudinal momentum, 22

M codes, 3, 13M-codes, 20Magnesium carbonates, 14, 15Magnesium ions, 14Manganese 54, 20Manufacturing, 7, 18, 21, 25, 27Market, 3–7, 11, 26–28Marketing, 3Martensitic steels, 19Mass balance, 10Mass transit systems, 6Material balance, 7Material substitution, 3Materials, 18Materials recovery, 7Materials testing, 19, 25, 28Mathematical models, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17Maximum permissible concentration, 9, 13Measuring methods, 26Mechanical properties, 18Mechanical vibrations, 17Meetings, 3, 25Membrane transport, 11Membranes, 17Metal industry, 7Metals, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15Meteorology, 14Methane, 9, 11, 15Methanol, 9, 14Microclimates, 24Microstructure, 17, 18, 23Minerals, 18Mitigation, 20Mixtures, 12Moisture, 13Molding, 18Molten carbonate fuel cells, 11Monitoring, 22, 23

68 ECN--02-006

INDEX KEYWORDS

Monochromatic radiation, 26Monthly variations, 10Morphology, 12, 23Mortars, 13Motorcycles, 6Multi-element analysis, 10, 12–14Municipal wastes, 10, 12, 15

N codes, 13Natural gas, 3, 4, 7Negotiation, 5Netherlands, 3–7, 9–15, 17, 22–25, 27Neutron activation analysis, 19Neutron fluence, 19, 20Neutron reactions, 19Neutrons, 19Nickel, 9, 13Nitric acid, 7, 14Nitrogen, 14Nitrogen oxides, 10, 11, 13Noise pollution, 25Noise pollution abatement, 23Nondestructive analysis, 19Nonlinear problems, 11Nonradioactive waste disposal, 11, 14Nonradioactive waste management, 3, 14Nuclear energy, 7Nuclear power, 4Nuclear power plants, 17, 19, 20Nucleation, 28Numerical data, 19, 20, 28

Occupants, 6Oecd, 5, 8Office buildings, 17, 22, 25Operating cost, 17Operation, 21, 27Optical microscopy, 17Optical properties, 23Optical reflection, 24Optimization, 21, 25Organic solar cells, 23, 25, 26Organic solvents, 26Organizing, 6Oscillations, 27Oxidation, 17Oxygen enrichment, 11

P codes, 25P-codes, 17P-type conductors, 21Packed beds, 10

Paper, 18Paper industry, 8Parametric analysis, 23Particle size, 9, 11, 12, 14Particulates, 9, 11–14, 17Passivation, 26Pavements, 12Payback period, 7Per capita values, 5Performance, 11, 21, 22, 24, 25Performance testing, 11, 13, 19–22, 24–26,

28Permeability, 15Petroleum, 4Ph value, 9, 10, 13–15Phase change materials, 17Phase studies, 17Phosphoric acid, 7Phosphorus, 7, 13Photochemical reactions, 14Photoconductivity, 21Photocurrents, 21Photovoltaic conversion, 23, 26, 27Photovoltaic power supplies, 21, 22, 24–27Physical properties, 24Pilot plants, 10Pipes, 17Planning, 4, 7, 23, 27Plastics, 3Plumes, 11Poland, 5Pollutants, 9, 13Pollution abatement, 8Pollution sources, 15Polycrystals, 21, 22, 27Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 9, 13Polyesters, 17Poplars, 12Post-irradiation examination, 20Potassium, 7, 13Potassium ions, 14Powders, 17Power demand, 27Power density, 21Power distribution, 27Power factor, 25Power generation, 4, 6, 8, 10Power losses, 27Power supplies, 21Pressing, 18Pressure drop, 20

ECN--02-006 69


Prices, 3, 8, 27Probabilistic estimation, 19Proceedings, 3Production, 7, 9, 17Program management, 6, 27, 28Public buildings, 4, 24Public health, 9, 13Public utilities, 6Pulverized fuels, 10Pwr type reactors, 15

Quality assurance, 28Quality control, 10, 13, 15Quantitative chemical analysis, 12–14Questionnaires, 20

R codes, 28Radiant heaters, 11Radiation doses, 20Radiation protection, 19Radioactive waste disposal, 19Radioactive waste processing, 19Radioactivity, 20Radioisotope scanning, 20Radionuclide migration, 12Rail transport, 6Rangelands, 10Raw materials, 13Reactivity, 20Reactor technology, 20Reactors, 6Recommendations, 7, 9, 13Recycling, 7, 11, 14, 18Redox potential, 14Redox reactions, 25Reduction, 14Reflection, 11Refuse derived fuels, 12Refuse-fueled power plants, 12Regional analysis, 4Regulatory guides, 13Reliability, 23, 25, 26Relief valves, 17Remedial action, 9, 13Removal, 14, 17, 18Renewable energy sources, 4, 6, 7, 22, 23,

26, 27Reprocessing, 19Research programs, 19Residential buildings, 7, 23Residential sector, 4Residues, 15

Resource management, 3Respiration, 10Retention, 20Retrofitting, 23Reviews, 3, 24Rheology, 25, 27Risk assessment, 19Road transport, 6Roads, 9, 15Rocks, 7Romania, 5Rotors, 17, 22–25, 28Rural areas, 6, 21Russian federation, 5

Safety, 23, 25, 27Safety analysis, 19, 20Salts, 15Sample preparation, 13Sampling, 9, 11, 13, 15Sand, 3, 14Sanitary landfills, 14, 15Scanning electron microscopy, 17Scientific personnel, 23Screen printing, 21, 23, 25, 27Scrubbers, 14Sealing materials, 14, 15, 25, 26Seawater, 15Sectoral analysis, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12Sediments, 12Sensitivity analysis, 7, 8Sensitizers, 25Service life, 17, 18, 24, 26Service sector, 4, 5Sewage, 15Sewage sludge, 10Shading, 22Shadow effect, 25Shear, 27Shear properties, 27Shift processes, 14, 17Ships, 6Short wave radiation, 10Silicon, 27Silicon carbides, 17Silicon nitrides, 28Silicon solar cells, 21, 22, 24–28Silver, 27Site selection, 27, 28Slags, 12, 13Slightly enriched uranium, 20Slovakia, 8

70 ECN--02-006

INDEX KEYWORDS

Sludges, 9, 10, 12, 13Smelters, 12Social impact, 6, 27Socio-economic factors, 4–6Sodium, 15Sodium carbonates, 7Sodium chlorides, 7, 14Sodium hydroxides, 7Sodium ions, 14Soils, 9, 10, 13, 15Solar architecture, 27Solar cell arrays, 22Solar cells, 25–27Solar collectors, 17Solar energy, 4, 23, 26, 27Solar equipment, 27Solar radiation, 11, 22, 25Solar tracking, 22Solar tracking systems, 24Solar water heaters, 7, 23Solid electrolyte fuel cells, 11Solid wastes, 11, 12Solubility, 12, 15Soot, 12Sorption, 9, 12, 13Source terms, 20Space heaters, 7Space heating, 3, 23, 24Space hvac systems, 22Spatial distribution, 9Specifications, 20Spectral reflectance, 21Spectral response, 26Spent fuels, 19Spray coating, 21, 25, 27Sprays, 9Stability, 26Stainless steels, 19Standard of living, 6Standardization, 3, 11, 13, 14, 23–26Standards, 11, 25Steady-state conditions, 10Steam, 12, 17Steam lines, 17Steels, 3, 7Strains, 22Straw, 13Stress analysis, 17Substrates, 28Sulfates, 14Sulfur, 7, 13

Sulfur dioxide, 4, 8Sulfuric acid, 7, 14Supply and demand, 4Surface contamination, 9, 10, 13Swaziland, 6Sweden, 5Switzerland, 13Synthesis gas, 9, 14Synthetic fuels, 13Synthetic materials, 18Systems analysis, 10, 12, 17

Taxes, 3, 4, 6, 8Taxicabs, 6Technology assessment, 3, 4, 6–8, 10, 20, 26,

27Technology impacts, 4Technology transfer, 8, 23Teleworking, 20Temperature dependence, 22Temperature gradients, 22Test facilities, 10, 25, 27, 28Texture, 21, 24Thermal comfort, 23, 24Thermal cycling, 26Thermal energy storage equipment, 17Thermal expansion, 28Thermal insulation, 3, 23, 24Thermal mass, 3Thermal neutrons, 20Thin films, 28Three-dimensional calculations, 24, 28Throughfall, 14Time-series analysis, 3, 14, 23Tin, 28Titanium nitrides, 17Titanium oxides, 7, 23, 25, 26Topology, 24Trace amounts, 12, 14, 15Trade, 5, 8Training, 24, 28Trains, 6Transport, 4, 5Transportation sector, 4, 5Transverse momentum, 22Trapping, 21, 24Troposphere, 15Turbulence, 28Turbulent flow, 28Two-dimensional calculations, 11

Ukraine, 5

ECN--02-006 71


Uptake, 10Uranium silicides, 20Urban areas, 7, 23Uruguay, 5Usa, 5Uses, 12

Validation, 10, 15, 22, 24Valves, 17Vehicles, 6Velocity, 28Ventilation, 3, 22, 23Ventilation systems, 22, 23Verification, 15Viscosity, 26, 27Visible radiation, 21Vitrification, 12, 13

Washout, 15Waste disposal, 17Waste water, 12, 15Wastes, 14Water gas, 17Water heaters, 17Water heating, 3Water quality, 15Water treatment, 15Water vapor, 11Wear resistance, 17Western europe, 3–5, 7Wetlands, 10Willows, 10Wind, 28Wind power, 4, 23, 26, 28Wind power industry, 27, 28Wind turbine arrays, 27Wind turbines, 23, 25, 27Wires, 19Wood, 3, 18Wood wastes, 10, 12Working conditions, 20

X codes, 28X-ray diffraction, 17

Yttrium oxides, 18

Zinc, 9, 12, 13, 15Zirconium oxides, 18

72 ECN--02-006

Index authors

Aberle, A.G., 21Alderliesten, P.T., 17Andersson, M., 21Arkel, W.G. van, 4, 5

Baas, J., 9, 13Bach, P.W., 17Bais, J.M., 4, 7Baken, T., 16Baltus, C.W.A., 22Beeldman, M., 3, 7Beemsterboer, B., 15Beurskens, H.J.M., 26Blasser, G., 24Blok, K., 3Bodenstaff, H., 11Boer, A.J. de, 9Boer, M. de, 12Boonekamp, P.G.M., 3, 5Borg, N.J.C.M. van der, 28Bosch, A. van den, 5Bosman, P.H., 14Bosschers, J., 28Bracht, M., 17Brand, A.J., 23, 28Brink, H.M. ten, 9, 11, 12, 14Bruggink, J.J.C., 6Bruining, A., 23Brummelen, M. van, 3Brunekreef, B., 9, 13Bruton, T., 26Bulk, W.C.M. van den, 10, 15Burgers, A.R., 21, 24, 25Bussel, H.P.L.H. van, 11Buurveld, H.A., 19, 20

Cartwright, P., 20Christensen, P., 23Christie, G.M., 28Cnubben, P.A.J.P., 14, 15Comans, R.N.J., 9, 12, 13, 15Curvers, A.P.W.M., 27Czechowski, J., 17

Dassel, G., 19, 20Dekker, J.W.M., 23Diepstraten, F.M.J.A., 4Dijk, A.B. van, 17Doorn, J. van, 10, 12Dougle, P.G., 12

Draaijers, G.P.J., 14Drift, A. van der, 13Dril, A.W.N. van, 3, 5, 7Duyzer, J.H., 9

ECN. Brandstoffen, Conversie en Milieu[BCM], 9–15

ECN. Duurzame Energie, Zon & Wind,21–28

ECN. Facilitaire Dienst, 4, 19, 20ECN. Nucleaire Faciliteiten, 19, 20Eikelboom, J.A., 22, 25Eisma, R., 15Engelen, T.G. van, 25Erisman, J.W., 14European Commission. Joint Research

Centre [JRC], 20

Farla, J.C.M., 5Frumau, C.F.A., 21, 25, 26

Gaast, W. van der, 5Geelhoed, P.A., 13, 15Geusebroek, M., 14, 15Gielen, D.J., 3, 5, 7Gilijamse, W., 23Graham, J.M.R., 23

Haberlin, H., 24Haan, S.W.H. de, 21Haije, W.G., 17, 18Hand, M.M., 23Haperen, J. van, 18Harmelen, A.K. van, 5, 8Harmelen, T. van, 4Hartog, R. den, 13Hartogh, G.P.J. den, 20Haupt, G., 14Heasman, K., 26HEIJNINGEN, R.J.J. VAN, 11Heijningen, R.J.J. van, 14Held, E. de, 25, 26Hendriks, H.B., 16Hensen, A., 10, 11, 15Hilten, O. van, 3Hjelmar, O., 15Hoede, D., 10–15Hofschreuder, P., 9, 13Hollander, J.C.T., 9Hoornstra, J., 21, 25, 27

ECN--02-006 73


Huggenberger, M., 20Huiberts, R.C., 28Hulle, F. van, 22Hulle, F.J.L. van, 25, 27, 28Hylton, J.D., 21, 24

Infield, D.G., 23Ingenieurgesellschaft R. Diez, U.

Hindenlang, A. Kurz, 22

Jabinski, I., 4Jansen Venneboer, J.W., 14Jansen, D., 11, 14Jansen, J.C., 6, 27, 28Janssen, L.G.J., 27Jantsch, M., 21, 24Jeeninga, H., 3, 5Jepma, C.J., 5Jongh, J.A. de, 23Joosse, P.A., 22

Kaan, H.F., 23, 24Kalverda, M., 6Khlystov, A., 9, 11Khorana, S.S., 20Kiel, J.H.A., 10Kieskamp, W.M., 15Kinderman, R., 23, 24Koch, W., 26Koene, F.G.H., 11Kohle, O., 25Kok, I.C., 6, 7Kosson, D.S., 15Koutstaal, P.R., 8Kram, T., 5–8Kremer, P., 24Krom, A.H., 14Kroon, J.M., 23, 25, 26Kroon, P., 3, 5, 6Kurokawa, K., 24

Lako, P., 4–7Lewald, N., 21Ligthart, F.A.T.M., 23, 24Ligthart, F.S., 10Linden, J.W.J. van der, 6Lindenburg, C., 22

Mols, J.J., 9, 14, 15Madsen, H.A., 23Mallant, R.K.A.M., 11Manoilova, T., 4Markgraf, J., 20

Mathur, A., 27Mathur, R., 27McKay, P.C., 3Menkveld, M., 3, 5, 7Meyer, A.F., 25Meyer, T.B., 25Michiels, P.P., 21Montgomerie Jensen, B.O.G., 28Moor, H.H.C. de, 21, 24, 25, 27Motahari, M., 8Mozaffarian, M., 11

Naus, R.W.M., 14Nes, G.J.H. van, 4, 19Nieuwenhout, F.D.J., 27

Oeljeklaus, G., 14Oosterheert, R.J., 4

Panagiotidis, T., 21Paynter, R.J.H., 23Pellis, J., 27Perrels, A.H., 4Peter, Ch., 26Pierik, J.T.G., 21Plakman, J.C., 19Poortmans, J., 26Prasad, N.S., 27, 28Preuss, S., 21Prij, J., 19Pruschek, R., 14

Rabou, L.P.L.M., 11, 13Rajsekhar, B., 22, 27, 28Rak, Z.S., 17, 18Real, M., 24Ree, R. van, 10, 12Reinders, A.H.M.E., 22Ribberink, J.S., 14Rieffe, H.C., 26Rooij, R.P.J.O.M. van, 28Rooijen, S.N.M. van, 5, 8Roosmalen, J.A.M. van, 23, 25, 26, 28

Schonecker, A., 21, 26Schakelaar, D., 13Schenk, E., 10Schepers, J.G., 23, 25Schie, N. van, 11Schie, R.A. van, 25Schiermeier, S.E.A., 28Schmidt, J., 21, 26Schol, E., 5, 7

74 ECN--02-006

INDEX AUTHORS

Schram, R.P.C., 19Schuurman, J.J., 28Schuurmans, F.M., 21Secker, J.F., 21Seebregts, A.J., 23Siccama, N.B., 20Simms, D.A., 23Sinke, W.C., 21, 23–28Slanina, J., 9, 13, 15Sloot, H.A. van der, 10–15Smeding, S.F., 17Snel, H., 24Snijders, G., 18Sollman, C.P., 14Sommeling, P.M., 23, 25, 26Spath, M., 23, 25, 26Spoelstra, S., 17, 19, 20Srivastava, L., 27Steeman, R.A., 21Stoffer, A., 4, 8Stoop, P.M., 17, 19, 20Suresh, R., 28

Technische Universiteit Delft. Faculteit derCiviele Techniek [enGeowetenschappen]. Instituut voorWindenergie [IW], 28

TNO. Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie[TNO-MEP], 9, 13, 14

Tool, C.J.J., 28

Uil, H. den, 9United Kingdom. Atomic Energy Authority

[UKAEA], 20Universiteit Utrecht. Vakgroep

Natuurwetenschap en Samenleving[NWS], 5, 22

Uyterlinde, M.A., 5

Van den Akker, J.H.A., 16Veefkind, J.P., 12Vegt, O.M. de, 17Veltkamp, A.C., 15Verhoeve, C.W.G., 21, 24–26Verkroost, H., 4, 19Vermeulen, A.T., 9, 10, 13, 15Vos, D., 5, 6Vosbeek, M.E.J.P., 9

Wassenaar, R.H., 22Weeber, A.W., 21, 25, 27Weisser, B., 22Whitaker, C., 24

Wienke, J.A., 23, 25, 26Wiggelinkhuizen, E.J., 22Wijk, J.J. van, 24Wijtsma, F.J., 20Winkelaar, D., 16Worell, E., 5Woudstra-Zwiers, G.A., 19Wyers, G.P., 9, 10, 13–15

Yadigaroglu, G., 20Ybema, J.R., 3–7

Zevenbergen, C., 9Zimmermann, G., 14Zolingen, R.J.C. van, 22Zwaagstra, O., 15

ECN--02-006 75