1 Version – January 2020

www.nowplastics.com

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ECO FRIENDLY FILM ALTERNATIVES

Table of Contents

Now Plastics Global Network 3

How We’ve Got You Covered – Our Commitment 4

The World Reacts 5

Practical Analysis 6

Eco Friendly Film Alternatives 7-8

Market Trends 9

Options by Category:

Recycling – PCR Films 10-16

Recyclable Laminates and Monowebs 17-19

Sustainability – Films from Bio-based Resins 20-24

Next Generations of Bio-degradable Plastics 25-33

Compostable Products 34-35

Options by Film Types: 36-38

PET 39

PP 40

BOPA 41

PE 42

PLA 43

Cellophane 44

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Our Global Network We’ve Got You Covered

• Over 60 suppliers across the globe

• Connected to Innovation

• Multiple Solutions to Today’s Demands

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Our Commitment to making the world a better place:

• Continually seeking new product offerings to enhance our ever widening basket of friendlier film products for our environment

• Focused efforts to identify and offer substrates that are produced with a lower carbon footprint and/or a positive impact on the waste stream:

• Recycled content or recyclable products

• Films made with resins produced by recycling oils and other byproducts

• Plant based (sustainable) virgin resins

• Newer technologies that can achieve biodegradable standards (time based disappearance from land fills)

We’ve Got You Covered

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The World and Now Plastics are reacting to this problem

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Practical Analysis

Reality – Plastics cannot be replaced, nor should they be! ◦ 40 years to build the current infrastructure – hundred of billions of dollars invested

◦ Too many applications need sophisticated packaging

◦ Products have been fine-tuned to maximize efficiencies in processing and filling

◦ Barrier/shelf life requirements cannot be replaced in the near term.

◦ Costs – nearly all alternatives will be more costly in the short and medium terms – anywhere from 20% to 300%

◦ Is it a phase or a permanent trend???

Ways to attack the problems in a practical way: ◦ Use of virgin products will be reduced somewhat and use of PCR type products will increase – where possible

◦ Adjusted laminated structures to be same polymer family ( PE/PE, PP/PP, PET/HSPET, etc)

◦ Tonnages can be reduced – via downgauging of existing structures or development of alternative structures

◦ Switch to paper – not necessarily a better carbon footprint; forestry challenges due to higher demands

◦ Compostable products can be used in some applications; need to work around shelf life and film warranty periods

◦ Recycling and use of recycled products helps to some degree – but properties will diminish with each recycling period

◦ Government intervention to motivate creation of recycling systems

◦ New additives can make products bio-degradable

◦ Monolayers will improve recyclability of products

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Eco Friendly Film Alternatives

Major Categories

• Recycled-content films and recyclable structures

• Films made from bio-based origins

• Bio-degradable plastics

• Compostable “plastics”

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Eco Friendly Film Alternatives

Post-consumer recycled (PCR) content films

Films produced from bio-based resins (sustainability)

The next generation of bio-degradable plastics

Compostable Plastics: PLA, Cellophane

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Market Trends

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Post –Consumer Recycled (PCR) Films:

APET ---- RPET Trays and Thermoforming

PET Films (From mainly bottle reclaim process)

◦ Clear PET, MET PET, HS PET, Coated PET

PE Films

◦ PCR for Industrial, Pre-consumer for food packaging

PP Films

◦ PCR option newly emerging; small supply available

so initial lead times long. Hopefully will improve

over time but supply of recycled PP is smaller than

other polymers

BOPA/Nylon Films

◦ PCR made from reclaimed palm oil – food contact

certification available.

◦ Can adjust percentage of PCR/virgin resin to control

cost upcharge

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Pros

• Existing recycling facilities for PET, PE

• Least economic penalty

• Present the favored option and easiest one to implement

• Specifications mainly unchanged for first recycle

• No need to replace validated packaging

• Potential to downgauge to offset higher cost

• Can mix/customize percentage of PCR content.

• Ability to bury in core layer and have virgin skins

Cons

• Missing recycling for PP

• Somewhat higher cost for thin-gauge films

• Potential for future shortage of recycled goods if demand skyrockets

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PCR PET Product Structure & Specs

60%-90% PCR PET

PEELABLELIDDING FILMS

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Post Consumer Recycle (PCR) PET

Advantage of Recycled PET

• The fact that PET is 100% recyclable makes it the ideal sustainable packaging choice for business.

• Recycled PET has a lower carbon footprint than virgin PET.

• It converts post consumer waste into a valuable resource.

• Recycled PET can replace all or a proportion of virgin polymer in new packaging products.

• The products help business and organization deliver on corporate sustainability goals.

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Post Consumer Recycled PE

• Post consumer recycled granules

• Usage 30% & 50% in PE film.

• Although the mechanical properties are like virgin PE granules, they create visual defects such as dots, gels etc. These visual defects are especially required from the end-user as a significant symbol of recycled raw material consumption inside the formulation. That’s why more gels, dots on the film are highly appreciated within the tolerance limits of process ability.

• No Food Contact Approval due to collected and post consumed recycled material’s sources. For this reason, usage is for non-food applications such as hygiene products.

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In House (Pre-Consumer) Recycled PE

• 2 recycling unit

• Main purpose: Converting waste materials scrap films, edge trims or non-approved quality products into granule form again

• Granules are fed with some specific ratios in the formulation to produce the film with our own recycled PE

• Feeding % up to 50% of the total structure

• Food Contact Approval since %100 of these granules are converted from previous food contact approved raw materials • (Exxon, Dow, Borealis, Basell)

• No outside source used

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Post Industrial Recycled PE

• Post industrial recycled granules

• Usage is 30% & 50% in PE film.

• Source: APK Company, separation of PA+PE Structure

• No change at mechanical properties

• No visual defects such as dots, gels, burnt materials

• Good transparency

• No Food Contact Approval due to solvent usage & residue at separation process of PA+PE structure.

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WORLD CLASS FILM PRODUCTS FROM THE BIGGEST MULTI FILM MANUFACTURER IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

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Our suppliers successfully produced the BOPA film, made with Ultramid biomass balance polymide on May 10, 2016, had the same properties as BOPA film with conventional polyamide based on fossil raw materials. The use of bio-feedstock helps save fossil resources and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

v The WORLD’s 1st BOPA film by renewable materials

Bio-based BOPA Film (PCR)

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• Trend towards developmental work to create laminated structures of similar polymers – 100% recyclable packaging

• BOPE or MOPE / PE Sealant

◦ Multiple sources of each now available

◦ Films still considered developmental

• BOPP / BOPP or BOPP / CPP

• PET / Heatsealable PET

• Monowebs with surface printing • PE

• PET Heatsealable

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Recyclable Laminates and Monowebs

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Printable PE (MOPE)

v • PE-PE mono film solution as a replacement of PET-PE structure

• HDPE based Printable PE suitable for rotogravure printing resists to printing

temperatures, film does not burn or loose its shape, keeps its flatness.

• Suitable for lamination process, can be laminated to another PE without any problem

• Needs optimization printing parameters on converter line (instead of PET film parameters)

• Needs optimization on packaging lines as sealing temperature, sealing time and packaging speed

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Film Type Definition Results Heat Resistance Haze Transparency

HD32 Special HDPE for low WVTR with the combination of stiff LLDPE

High haze, good heat resistance, low WVTR values

*** **** *

HD33 Higher % of special HDPE (compared to HD32) for low WVTR with the combination of stiff LLDPE

Best heat resistance, low WVTR values kept

**** *** **

HD34 Higher % of special HDPE (compared to HD33) for low WVTR with the combination of stiff LLDPE and introducing new special LLDPE raw material from Exxon

Lower haze and higher transparency (compared to HD32 and HD33), low WVTR values kept, good resistance.

*** ** ***

HD35 Same % of HDPE but with a new HDPE raw material from Dow Chemicals for low WVTR with the combination of new special LLDPE that we used in HD34, no stiff LLDPE were used

Lowest haze and highest transparency (compared to other 3 PE codes), low WVTR values kept, good heat resistance.

*** * ****

**** Very Very Good *** Very Good ** Normal * Less/Poor

Printable PE (MOPE)

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Pros

• Diversification away from oil/gas industry

• Theoretically renewable resource

• Can be both virgin material or recycled material

Cons

• Lack of infrastructure and capacities

• Intermittent shortages

• Consistency of material not proven

• Price typically double

• Least favored option presently

Films Produced from Bio-based Resins (sustainable sources)

Typically today sources are plant oils and starches (corn, potatoes, etc)

Blossoming industry so frequent new additions and methodologies

Existing products

◦ PE

◦ BOPP

◦ BOPA (recycled)

◦ PLA

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Bio-Based PE (Braskem)

• %100 made from renewable sources as sugar cane

• Recyclable

• Renewable raw materials help reduce Green House Gas Emission and global warming

• Does not create any odor, defect, gels, burnt material on PE film

• Not bio-degradable

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HBF Anti-Fog • Anti-fog (cold & hot conditions) • Compose of bio-based polymer • Both sides heat-sealable • Excellent transparent properties • Available for food contact (U.S.21 CFR FDA Regulation Part 177.1520)

Bio-Based BOPP BIOMASS for reduction of CO2

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BIOMASS feedstock from Renewable

sources

BOPA Film

EN films (Bio-based BOPA)

EN Film

• Contain more than 90% Biomass feedstock

• Maintain good characteristic and properties of conventional BOPA

• Excellent barriers to gas and oil • Puncture and impact resistance • Suitable for food contact (U.S.21 CFR FDA Regulation Part 177.1520)

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100% BIO-BASED PLA resin

BOPLA Film

GP films (Biaxially oriented PLA)

• 100% Bio-based from PLA • Biodegradable • Excellent twist retention • Outstanding barrier properties • Qualified OK Biobased 4 stars by Vincotte (highest level)

GP Film

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Next Generation of Bio-degradable Plastics:

Replaces “oxo” degradable which turned film to flakes

Additives now can allow full disappearance from landfills

Micro-organisms eat and digest films

Degradation period can be customized

Can add to any substrate – PET, PE, PP, BOPA, etc.

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Pros

• Much faster degradation period 1-2 years

• Pricing – modestly higher price

• Customizable percentage

• Requires no change to films currently

Cons

• Not Compostable

• Not cost neutral

Next Generation of Bio-degradable Plastics:

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• 100% recyclable

• Degradable (Bio) with time.

• Safe for food contact • FDA and RAPRA certified for long-term food contact at temperatures below 40 degrees Celsius.

• Aerobic degradation (ISO14852/ASTM D5338)

• Anaerobic degradation (ISO DS 15985/ATM D5511).

• Suitable for landfill biodegradable

• This is a “landfill biodegradable” technology not a “Compostable” solution.

FEATURES

Why sustainable Biodegradable films?

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Types of Degradable Plastics Bio-degradable:

• Biological, aerobic or anaerobic decomposition by bacteria, fungi or algae. • Source: Plant (polysaccharides, like starches)

Oxo-biodegradable:

• Degrade when exposed to heat, sunlight etc. • Source: from a by-product of oil-refining

Product Biodegradable Oxo-Biodegradable Compostable

Shelf Life Indefinite 6 mo – 2 yrs 1-6 mo

Breakdown Process Biodegradation Fragmentation Industrial Composting

Landfill Biodegradable YES No Seldom

Heat Tolerant YES No No

Moisture Resistant YES Yes No

UV Light Durable YES No Yes

Recyclable YES YES No

Remnants Soil & Grass Heavy metals, Salts, Plastic Particles

Soil & Gases

Properties of End-Use Products

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Biodegradation Process • Biodegradation is a process in which the molecular structure of material is broken down through

metabolic or enzymatic processes by micro-organisms.

• Biodegradation occurs in aerobic (presence of oxygen) or anaerobic (absence of oxygen) conditions.

Biodegradable – Depend on plastics in a biologically active environment (e.g. compost). The destruction of the material happens directly through the consumption by mircrobes.

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Product Range

PP

PET

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Biodegradable Films Degradation Period • 36-48 months provided environmental conditions.

• Actual rate of biodegradation will vary dependent upon environmental conditions and the biological activity of microorganism surrounding the laminates/film.

Compliance • Aerobic biodegradation compliance

• (ASTM D5338 / ISO 14852) under controlled composting.

• Anaerobic biodegradation compliance (ASTM

D5511 / ISO DS15985) under all climatic condition.

Application • Flexible packaging (food & non-food application) • Metallization

Thickness

BOPP 18, 20, 25 Micron BOPET 10, 12, 23, 36 Micron

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Biodegradable Films XBC – BOPP & CPTBD - BOPET

ASTM DD5511: Standard Test Method for Determining Anaerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials Under High Solids Anaerobic-Digestion Conditions. Intertek India Pvt. Ltd Test Report: ASTM D5511 starts that for the test to be considered valid, the positive control (reference materials) must achieve 70% biodegradation within 30 days. The positive control (reference material) showed 71.11% biodegradation on 21st day & 94.09% on 45th day. • Suitable for landfill biodegradable • This is a “landfill biodegradable” technology, not a “Compostable” solution. • The performance is predicated on internationally recognized ASTM testing

standards (ASTM D5526 & ASTM D5511).

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NEO PE • New sustainable solution, especially for multilayer

films which cannot be recycled

• Once packaging made with NEO is thrown into a landfill, it accelerates the natural microbial process creating useful biogas

• More thank 600 managed waste facilities across in USA collect biogas, converting it to clean, renewable energy and it becomes very common in EU.

• By supporting Landfill Gas to energy (LFGE), NEO stands beside recycling, composting, and other clean energy initiatives creating a pathway to Zero Waste goals

• Neo can be applied to all BAREKS Products

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Pros

• Most favorable to environment

• Small group of compost achieving products

Cons

• Shelf life and stability

• High breathability / lack of barrier

• Price – close to triple PET/PP

• New laminate structures require testing

• Hard to convert PLA/Cello

• Shortages of plant inputs

Global trend breathing new life into these products

PE

PLA

Cellophane

Paper

Compostable Products

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Bio-degradable / Compostable Bio-Based PE (Mater-Bi)

• 100% made from renewable sources as corn starch

• Biodegradable and compostable (“OK Compost” certificates at different levels)

• MATER-BI is used in many apps (retail bags, packaging, fast food, and agricultural films)

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Options by Film Type

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Summary of Offerings Presently (December 2019)

PET ◦ PCR typically 60-90% for all grades of PET (food grade)

◦ PCR 100% for clear PET

◦ Biodegradable PET by additive

◦ Heat-seal PET (142 ga/200 ga)

BOPP ◦ PCR up to 30%

◦ Biodegradable BOPP by additive (food grade)

◦ Bio-based virgin raw materials from plants (renewable)

◦ Modified standard BOPP to replace PET-higher stiffness and used for PP/PP structure

BOPA ◦ PCR option via raw materials produced from reclaimed palm oil (food grade)

◦ PCR can be customized with any combination of recycled/virgin resin

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Summary of Offerings Presently (Continued)

PE ◦ PCR available up to 100% (non food grade)

◦ Pre-consumer recycled content avail to 50% (food grade)

◦ BOPE (Biaxially-oriented PE-tentered) ◦ Top web versions 100% PE (compared to blend) by our competitors; enhancements also ongoing

◦ Bottom web can now allow for reduction of sealant web to 20-25 micron in BOPE/BOPE structure

◦ MOPE (mono-oriented PE-blown) ◦ Top webs showing superior stillness vs. BOPE – medium stiff/medium well stiff/very stiff

◦ Can laminate to bottom web from same film producer.

◦ Film designs with higher heat resistance (140-150 C) for possible PET and BOPP replacements

◦ Monoweb structures – PE film thicker and stiffer; can add low sit formula to sealant layer of the film

◦ Bio based polymers also available

Compostable Options: ◦ PLA

◦ Cellophane

◦ Paper

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GREEN PET ALTERNATIVES

Product Specs Pros

Cons

PCR PET 60%-90% PCR content –varies by grade. Color and special additive films possibilities Specialty grades available: Coated , Metalized, White Opaque, Heat sealable Peelable lidding, Retort grades EFSA and FDA certified

1. Circular economy – reuse of previously used PET 2. Eliminates waste 3. Use of PCR results in less carbon impact. 4. No difference from standard PET 5. Homogenization of polymer at high throughput

reduces degradation of polymer 6. Multilayer- better barrier properties 7. Readily available commercially 8. More competitive than plant based PE or PP. 9. Can be repeatedly recycled

Slightly more expensive than standard PET

Bio-degradable BOPET

Transparent and Metalized Available in 10, 12, 23, 36 mic

1. Suitable for converting operations. 2. No changes in process, equipment, inks, lacquers,

varnish, solvents, adhesives, necessary . 3. Do not require any additional surface treatment to

improve some properties as barrier or printability. 4. Excellent Processability & Machinability. 5. Completely safe, food contact compliance. 6. Biodegradable in landfill after disposal.

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GREEN PP ALTERNATIVES

Product Specs Pros Cons

1. Bio-based BOPP (not from oil or gas)

Antifog (cold & hot) Both sides heat sealable Excellent transparent properties Avail for food contact.

Performance similar to the standard BOPP Reduces carbon footprint

More expensive BOPP

2. Biodegradable BOPP Films

Transparent, Solid or Metalized 1.100% recyclable 2. Degradable with time 3. Safe food contact

Higher cost

3. Modified BOPP - Top Web is a modified BOPP which improves stiffness and heat resistance to replace PET. Bottom web is a modified BOPP with enhanced sealing properties which would replace PE.

Recyclability Slightly higher cost and heat resistance, while improved not yet at PET level.

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GREEN BOPA ALTERNATIVES

Product Specs Pros Cons

Bio Based BOPA Same properties as BOPA film made with conventional feed stock

The use of bio-based feed stock helps save fossil resources and reduce greenhouse gas emission. Can control the cost of the film by increasing or decreasing the % of the bio-based resin.

Higher price depending on % PCR

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GREEN PE ALTERNATIVES

Product Specs Pros Cons

Bio Degradable/Bio Compostable Based PE

Avail 20-150 Micron

1. Made from renewable (corn starch or sugar cane)

2. characteristics and properties similar to those of traditional plastics, while being of vegetable origin

3. Creates lower carbon footprint

4. Recyclable

5. Food contact approval

More expensive than traditional Polymers

PCR PE PCR content usually less than 80%

1. Mechanical properties are like virgin PE films but there are visual defects such as gels.

2. These visual defects (gels) on the film may actually be attractive the end-user as it witnesses the use of PCR PE material

Direct food contact approval problematic so caution needed.

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PLA ALTERNATIVE Product Specs Pros Cons

A transparent biaxially oriented polylactic acid film, made from bio based plastics, compostable and environmental. Available: Non-sealable, sealable and metalized

Can replace OPP/PET in some applications such as, lidding films, Produce, Floral, Envelope windows and etc.. 25, 30, 40, 50, 90μm

1. Good printability, stiffness and clarity; 2. Excellent light transmittance; 3. Unique thickness and good evenness; 4. Compostable 5. FDA Approved

1Barrier performance differs from OPP and PET 2.Expensive

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CELLOPHANE ALTERNATIVE

Product Specs Pros Cons

Cellulose film For printing, for adhesive tape. Available in color: red, blue, purple and more. PVDC cellulose film

1. film made from wood pulp, hence, considered a renewable resource. Compostable and degradable 2. Cellophane has advantages over some films such as breathability, twistability, high clarity, among others. Various applications for food packaging, adhesive tape, and flowers.

Expensive

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Thank you!

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