ECOLOGY

EcologyEcologyThe study of interactions among

organisms (biotic factors) and their environment (abiotic factors)

Energy CyclingAll organisms need energy in order to survive.

This energy (`10%) passes from one organism to another in a FOOD CHAIN.

Each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step or TROPHIC LEVEL.

Example of a

Food Chain

10% Rule: Only 10% of energy is passed on. The

remaining energy is used for

metabolism, movement, lost as heat or lost during

incomplete digestion1st trophic level

2nd trophic level

3rd trophic level

4th trophic level

5th

trophic level

Producers (autotrophs)

Organisms use the sun’s energy to make their own food through photosynthesis.

Form the base of the food chain.

Ex: Cypress Trees Algae

Consumers (heterotrophs)

These organisms must feed on other organisms to get nourishment.

Ex: Wading birds feed on bottom-dwelling organisms.

Types of HeterotrophsCarnivores – Eat only other animals

Omnivores – Eat other animals and plants

Herbivores – Eat only plants

Scavengers – Feed on dead animals

Decomposers – Aide in the breakdown of dead organisms

Detritivores– Feed on dead or decaying matter

Food Web

Arrows show direction of ENERGY movement