Exam Review

ATTENTION: These are review sheets and are not 100% comprehensive.

Ecology: REVIEW FOR EXAM

Important Terms/Concepts :

• Ecosystem

• Community

• Population

• Producer, consumer

• Trophic Levels (primary, secondary, tertiary)

• Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detrivore, decomposer

• Food Chain

• Food Web

• The loss of energy from one trophic level to another

• Ecological Pyramids (energy, biomass, numbers)

• Changes in population (due to the birth / death / immigration / emigration)

• population growth curve (exponential phase, transitional stationary)

• Carrying capacity

• Intraspecific competition and interspecific competition

• Density dependant and desinty independant factors

• Biological amplification (Ex. DDT)

• Carbon Cycle

• The greenhouse Effect (and sources of greenhouse gases)

• Carboniferous Period

• The ecological footprints and sustainability

Complete the definitions below:

Term DefinitionEcosystem

Community

Population

Carrying Capacity

Ecological Footprint

Durability

1. Examine the table below.

falcon caterpillar Green plant bird Sun

a) Label the chart with the following terms:

• Producer

• Primary consumer

• Secondary consumer

• Tertiary consumer

• Energy source

a) Who is a herbivore in this table?

_______________________________________________

b) Who is a carnivore in this table?______________________________________

c) Draw a food chain with the organisms of the table.

2. Examine the diagram below :

a) What kind of ecosystem is shown in this

diagram? _____________________________

b) What organizations are part of the first trophic level? _____________________

c) At what trophic level is the "top predator? "_____________________________

d) Bacteria and fungi belong to a group of organisms called decomposers. What is

their function in an ecosystem?

3. We know that only 10% of energy moves from one trophic level to another. Draw a pyramid of energy for the following organisms that begins with J 1000000 light from the sun.

Sun ⇒ Flower ⇒ bee ⇒mouse⇒ snake

4. List three reasons why so much energy is lost between trophic level and another.

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________

5. The diagram below shows the growth of a population of organisms.

a) Label the diagram with: A - The exponential phase (E) B - The transitional phase (T) C - The stationary phase (S) b) Explain the meaning of the symbol K .

6. Compare and contrast, give examples.

a) Intraspecific competition and interspecific competition

b) Density dependant and density independent factors

7. Look at the following diagram

a) What does the diagram represent ? ________________________________________

b) Label the diagram of the appropriate letters:

A. Sun

B. Earth

C. Sunlight that reaches the earth

D. Infrared returned to the atmosphere

E. Greenhouse gases

F. Infrared radiation reflected back to earth again

G. Infrared rays that escape the atmosphere

8. Describe the carbon cycle using a diagram. Use the following in your answer:

Important words: photosynthesis, cellular respiration, decomposition, fossil fuels, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, sea shells

9. What is the importance of carbon to the ecosystem?

10. Explain the difference between primary and secondary succession. List the steps for each.

Motion Exam Review:

Terms and major concepts:

• Movement vs. uniform. non-uniform motion• vs Scalars. vectors• Definitions:o Distanceo Timeo Positiono Moveo Speedvelocity oo Acceleration• Diagram of displacement as a function of time• Chart speed (and vector) function of time• Average speed vs. instantaneous speed - how to determine, using a diagram as a function of travel time (tangent line)• Problems of displacement, velocity, acceleration

1. Describe the difference between uniform motion and the non-uniform motion. Use the examples.

2. What is the difference between a vector and a scalar? Use the examples.

3. Complete the table:

Term Scalar or vector

Symbol Formula Unit

Distance

Time

PositionN/A

Displacement

Velocity

Speed

Acceleration

4. Consider the following diagram:

a) Describe the slope of each phase in the graph

A: _______________________________________________B: _______________________________________________C: _______________________________________________D: _______________________________________________ b) The slope of the line on a graph of displacement as a function of time is: ____________________

5. Consider the following diagram:

a) Describe the slope of each phase in the graph

A: _______________________________________________

B: _______________________________________________C: _______________________________________________

b) The slope of the line on a graph of velocity versus time is: ____________________

6. The following chart is that of an object moving in a straight line.The East is considered the positive direction.

a) Determine the position of the object after 7.0 s.

b) Considering the entire trip, calculate the average speed.

c) Find the instantaneous velocity at t = 13 s.

7. An object moves as described by the following graph.

a) Calculate the acceleration for each interval.A:

B:

C:

8. Make a graph of displacement as a function of time with the following data to find the speed of the object:

d (m) 30 25 20 15 10 5

T (t) 0 1 2 3 4 5

9. Word Problems:

a) Julie is driving an automobile to the west on a straight highway (Pay attention!). At 9am, she is 13 km from its starting point. At 10:30am, it is 135 km from its starting point. Calculate the time interval and the displacement that corresponds to that portion of the trip.

b) Morgan moves on a straight road for 55 s. She travels 400 m. What is his average velocity?

c) Greg rides on his skateboard at a speed of 20 km / h.What is his displacement after 0.5 h.

d) Jordan skating in a straight line with a speed of 52 m / s. How long does it take to go 100 m?

e) A train speeds of 100 m / s to 350 m / s in 8.5 s. What is the average acceleration of the train?

Chemistry Exam Review

• Atom vs. vs element. vs compound

• The structure of atoms (protons, electrons, neutrons, nucleus)

• The Periodic Table

• Atomic number

• atomic mass

• How to find the number of protons, electrons and neutrons

• Groups vs. periods

• Metal vs. vs. non-metals. metalloids

• The families of elements (alkaline, alkalino earth, halogens, inert gases)

• Isotopes

• valence shell

• The octet rule

• The formation of ions - anions and cations

• Lewis Diagrams

• Draw the layers of atoms with their electrons (Bohr)

• Draw the ions with Bohr and Lewis

• ionic vs. covalent

• Ionic compounds vs. molecular compounds

• The nomenclature of ionic compounds, molecular compounds, acids, bases

• The method crossover

• The law of conservation of mass

• Balance chemical equations

• Types of chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion)

• Identify the products of a reaction

• endothermic reactions vs. Exothermic

1. List the 3 parts of an atom

Particle Charge Location

1.

2.

3.

2. Complete the table below.

Symbol Mass Atomic number

# of Protons # of Electrons

# of Neutrons

Al

Br

Be

C

Cl

Ag

Zn

Co

Y

Lr

3. What is an isotope? Give an example and explain what they are used for.

4. The Periodic Table

a) What's the difference between the groups and periods in the periodic table? What do they represent?

Groups : ______________________________________________________________

Periodes : _____________________________________________________________

b) Where is this found metals, nonmetals and metalloids on the periodic table?

Metal : _______________________________________________________________

Non-metal : ____________________________________________________________

Metalliod : _____________________________________________________________

c) What is a "valence shell" when we speak of an atom and electrons?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

d) State the octet rule.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

5. Complete the following chart:

Family Group #

Valence

Fait intéressant

Alkaline metals

Alkai Metals

Halogens

Nobel Gases

6. What is an ion? How does (a) an anion and (b) a cation form?

7. Complete the table:

Symbol Ion formed Atom Ion formedNa PCa OAl BrC He

8. Draw the Lewis diagram and the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for each atom:

Element Lewis Diagram Bohr DiagramHydrogen

Helium

Lithium

Magnesium

Fluorine

Neon

9. What is the difference between an ionic bond and covalent bond?

10. A compound formed by an ionic bond is called a compound and

____________________, a compound formed by a covalent bond is a compound called

____________________.

11. Indicate whether the compound is ionic or molecular:

Compound

Ionic Molecular

NaCl

H2O

CO2

AlCl3

MgBr2

12. Give the formulas and names of ionic compounds formed by ions:

Elements Formula Name

Na and (OH)

Li and S

Fe and Cl

K and N

Ca and (SO4)

13. Give the formulas and names of molecular compounds formed of the following:

Elements Formula Name

H and O

C and O

Nand O

Se and Cl

S and F

14. Name the acids :

Formula Name

HCl

HNO3

H2SO4

HClO3

CH3COOH

15. Give the formula :

Name Formula

Potassium carbonate

Aluminum nitrate

Carbon tetrachloride

Posassium phosphate

Lead (II) sulfate

Phosphoric acid

Copper (II) sulfate

Copper (II) sulfite

16. What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

17. (a) What is the law of conservation of mass?

(b) Does the equation below follows the law of conservation of mass? Why?

Fe + Cl2 = FeCl3

20. What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction?

21. Indicate whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic:

a) energy + 6CO2(g) + H2O(l) = C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) _____________

b) Na(s) + 0.5Cl2(s) = NaCl(s) + 411 kJ ________________

c) Evaporation of water _______________

d) Burning a candle ________________

e) __________________

22. Name the reaction types below:

(a) Synthesis ______ AB + CD → AC + BD

(b) Decomposition ______ CnHn + O2 → H2O + CO2

(c) Single Displacement

______ A + B → AB

(d) Double Displacement

______ AB + C → AC + B

(e) Combustion ______ AB → A + B

23. Balance the equation and indicate the type of reaction:

1. __NaCl + __BeF2 --> __NaF + __BeCl2

Type of reaction : _____________________________

2. __FeCl3 + __Be3(PO4)2 --> __BeCl2 + __FePO4

Type of reaction : _____________________________

3. __AgNO3 + __LiOH --> __AgOH + __LiNO3

Type of reaction : _____________________________

4. __CH4 + __O2 --> __CO2 + __H2O

Type of reaction : _____________________________

5. __Mg + __Mn2O3 --> __MgO + __Mn

Type of reaction : _____________________________

6. __NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O

Type of reaction : _____________________________

24. Predict the products and balance the reaction:

a) ___Al + ___N2 ⇒

b) ___C10H8 + ___O2 ⇒

c) ___Fe + ___NaBr ⇒

d) ___Cl2O5 ⇒

e) ___Na3(PO4) + ___HCl ⇒

26. Acids and bases: Indicate whether the substance is an acid, base or neutral:

a) Milk (pH 6) _____b) Rolaids® (pH 10) _____c) Tap Water (pH 7) _____d) Lemon Jiuce (pH 2) _____

ii) What substance has the highest concentration of H +?______________

iii) What substance is a strong base?______________

METEOROLOGY: Review for Exam

Terms and major concepts:

• Layers of the Atmosphere• Ozone layer• Electromagnetic spectrum• Specific heat (Q = mc ∆ T and ∆ H)• Relative humidity• Fronts (Warm, cold, stationary, occluded) • Celsius and Kelvin• The currents• The seasons• Winds• El Nino• Coriolis

1. List and describe the layers of the atmosphere.

3. Where does weather occur?

4. What is ozone? Why is it important?

5. What is a front? List two differences between a warm front and cold front.

6. Calculate the energy needed to take ice from -55 °C to +350°C.