Ecology ReviewEcology ReviewScience DepartmentScience Department

Ms. MartinezMs. Martinezrev. 04/11rev. 04/11

1. Define Ecology1. Define EcologyStandard 6a

1. Define Ecology 1. Define Ecology

how organisms interact with their how organisms interact with their environment and each otherenvironment and each other

Standard 6a

2. Define Biodiversity2. Define Biodiversity

2. Define Biodiversity 2. Define Biodiversity

the different species in a given areathe different species in a given area

3. Explain how 3. Explain how biodiversity can affect biodiversity can affect

the stability/resilience of the stability/resilience of an ecosysteman ecosystem

3. Explain how biodiversity can 3. Explain how biodiversity can affect the affect the

stability/resilience of an stability/resilience of an ecosystemecosystem

A great diversity of species increases the chance that at least some organisms survive major changes in the environment

4. What are the three 4. What are the three main ways ecosystems main ways ecosystems

can be altered?can be altered?

Standard 6b

4. What are the three main 4. What are the three main ways ecosystems can be ways ecosystems can be

altered?altered? Major disastersMajor disasters Species introduced to a areaSpecies introduced to a area Change in ClimateChange in Climate

Standard 6b

5. How is biodiversity 5. How is biodiversity related to these related to these

alterations?alterations?

5. How is biodiversity related 5. How is biodiversity related to these alterations? to these alterations?

high biodiversity--organism survival high biodiversity--organism survival is highis high

low biodiversity--organism survival is low biodiversity--organism survival is lowlow

5a. What is 5a. What is succession?succession?

5a. What is 5a. What is succession?succession?

a series of environmental a series of environmental changeschanges

5b. Look at the figure 5b. Look at the figure to the right. Explain to the right. Explain

what may have what may have happened over time happened over time change this habitat change this habitat

from a pond to a from a pond to a meadow.meadow.

5b. Look at the figure 5b. Look at the figure to the right. Explain to the right. Explain

what may have what may have happened over time happened over time change this habitat change this habitat

from a pond to a from a pond to a meadow.meadow.

successionsuccession

5c. The graph below 5c. The graph below illustrates the fluctuation of a illustrates the fluctuation of a

population of animals. population of animals. Briefly explain what the Briefly explain what the

graph shows.graph shows.

5c. The graph below 5c. The graph below illustrates the fluctuation of a illustrates the fluctuation of a

population of animals. population of animals. Briefly explain what the Briefly explain what the

graph shows.graph shows.The The carrying capacitycarrying capacity represents the largest represents the largest

number of individuals that a number of individuals that a given environment can given environment can

support.support.

6. Define immigration6. Define immigration

Standard 6c

6. Define immigration 6. Define immigration

the movement of individuals into an the movement of individuals into an area (causes a population to grow)area (causes a population to grow)

Standard 6c

7. Define emigration7. Define emigration

7. Define emigration 7. Define emigration

the movement of individuals out of the movement of individuals out of an area (causes a population to an area (causes a population to decrease)decrease)

8. How do the number 8. How do the number of deaths and of deaths and

emigrations over time emigrations over time change a population change a population

size?size?

8. How do the number of 8. How do the number of deaths and emigrations deaths and emigrations

over time change a over time change a population size?population size?

Population decreasesPopulation decreases

9. How do the number 9. How do the number of births and of births and

immigrations over time immigrations over time change a population change a population

size?size?

9. How do the number of births 9. How do the number of births and immigrations over time and immigrations over time change a population size?change a population size?

Population increasesPopulation increases

10. Describe how birth, 10. Describe how birth, death, immigration and death, immigration and

emigrations rates affect a emigrations rates affect a population’s net growth ?population’s net growth ?

10. Describe how birth, death, 10. Describe how birth, death, immigration and emigrations rates immigration and emigrations rates affect a population’s net growth ?affect a population’s net growth ?

Birthrate

Immigration

Deathrate

Emigration

Population INCREASES:

Birthrate

Immigration

Deathrate

Emigration

Population DECREASES:

11. Define 11. Define Biogeochemical CycleBiogeochemical Cycle

Standard 6d

11. Define Biogeochemical 11. Define Biogeochemical Cycle Cycle

is how nutrients are passed from one organism is how nutrients are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.to another.

Standard 6d

12. Briefly describe the 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water main parts of the water

cyclecycle

CondensationCondensation

12. Briefly describe the main 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water cycle parts of the water cycle

Condensation-- Condensation-- Water changes from a gas to a liquid

12. Briefly describe the 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water main parts of the water

cyclecycle

PrecipitationPrecipitation

12. Briefly describe the main 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water cycleparts of the water cycle

Precipitation-- Precipitation-- When the droplets get large enough, they fall to Earth’s surface

12. Briefly describe the 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water main parts of the water

cyclecycle

TranspirationTranspiration

12. Briefly describe the main 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water cycleparts of the water cycle

Transpiration--Transpiration--evaporation of water evaporation of water from the leaves of plants.from the leaves of plants.

12. Briefly describe the 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water main parts of the water

cyclecycle

EvaporationEvaporation

12. Briefly describe the main 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water cycleparts of the water cycle

Evaporation--Evaporation--liquid water changes to liquid water changes to a gas.a gas.

12. Briefly describe the main 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water cycleparts of the water cycle

RunoffRunoff SeepageSeepage

12. Briefly describe the main 12. Briefly describe the main parts of the water cycleparts of the water cycle

Runoff—water runs along the ground Runoff—water runs along the ground until it returns to a body of water.until it returns to a body of water.

Seepage—water goes into the soilSeepage—water goes into the soil

13. Briefly describe the 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon main parts of the carbon

cycle:cycle:

a. In what form is carbon a. In what form is carbon found in the atmosphere ?found in the atmosphere ?

13. Briefly describe the main 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon cycle:parts of the carbon cycle:

a.a. In what form is carbon found in the In what form is carbon found in the atmosphere ?atmosphere ?

carbon dioxide carbon dioxide

gas, COgas, CO22..

13. Briefly describe the 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon main parts of the carbon

cycle:cycle:

b. How does carbon get taken b. How does carbon get taken up by living organisms?up by living organisms?

13. Briefly describe the main 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon cycle:parts of the carbon cycle:

b. How does carbon get taken up by b. How does carbon get taken up by living organisms?living organisms?

Plants—from the airPlants—from the air

Organisms—by eating Organisms—by eating

plantsplants

13. Briefly describe the 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon main parts of the carbon

cycle:cycle:

c. What role does c. What role does decomposition play in the decomposition play in the

carbon cycle?carbon cycle?

13. Briefly describe the main 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon cycle:parts of the carbon cycle:

c. What role does c. What role does decomposition decomposition play in the carbon play in the carbon cycle?cycle?

Carbon is broken Carbon is broken down and down and returned to the returned to the groundground

13. Briefly describe the 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon main parts of the carbon

cycle:cycle:

d. List the three main ways d. List the three main ways carbon is returned to the carbon is returned to the

atmosphere?atmosphere?

13. Briefly describe the main 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon cycle:parts of the carbon cycle:

d. List the three main ways carbon is d. List the three main ways carbon is returned to the atmosphere?returned to the atmosphere?

1. 1. Respiration

2. 2. Volcanic Activity

3.3. Human Activity

13. Briefly describe the 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon main parts of the carbon

cycle:cycle:

e. What happens when too e. What happens when too much carbon dioxide is much carbon dioxide is released back into the released back into the

atmosphere?atmosphere?

13. Briefly describe the main 13. Briefly describe the main parts of the carbon cycle:parts of the carbon cycle:

e. What happens when too much carbon e. What happens when too much carbon dioxide is released back into the dioxide is released back into the atmosphere? atmosphere?

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

14. Briefly describe the 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:nitrogen cycle:

A. Nitrogen fixationA. Nitrogen fixation

14. Briefly describe the main 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:parts of the nitrogen cycle:

A. Nitrogen fixationA. Nitrogen fixation– How bacteria convert NHow bacteria convert N22 from the from the

atmosphere to ammonia (NHatmosphere to ammonia (NH33))

14. Briefly describe the 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:nitrogen cycle:

B. Why does nitrogen fixation B. Why does nitrogen fixation have to occur?have to occur?

14. Briefly describe the main 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:parts of the nitrogen cycle:

B. Why does nitrogen fixation have to B. Why does nitrogen fixation have to occur?occur?– for the plants to usefor the plants to use

14. Briefly describe the 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:nitrogen cycle:

C. How does nitrogen get into C. How does nitrogen get into the living portion of an the living portion of an

ecosystem?ecosystem?

14. Briefly describe the main 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:parts of the nitrogen cycle:

C. How does nitrogen get into the C. How does nitrogen get into the living portion of an ecosystem?living portion of an ecosystem?

-Animals eat plants or plant-eating -Animals eat plants or plant-eating animalsanimals

14. Briefly describe the 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:nitrogen cycle:

D. How is nitrogen returned to D. How is nitrogen returned to the non-living portion of the the non-living portion of the

ecosystem?ecosystem?

14. Briefly describe the main 14. Briefly describe the main parts of the nitrogen cycle:parts of the nitrogen cycle:

D. How is nitrogen returned to the D. How is nitrogen returned to the non-living portion of the ecosystem?non-living portion of the ecosystem?

Denitrification: When organisms die, Denitrification: When organisms die, decomposers return nitrogen to the decomposers return nitrogen to the soil.soil.

15. What is the original 15. What is the original source of most energy in source of most energy in

an ecosystem?an ecosystem?

Standard 6e

15. What is the original source 15. What is the original source of most energy in an of most energy in an

ecosystem?ecosystem? The SunThe Sun

Standard 6e

16. Define Producer16. Define Producer

16. Define Producer 16. Define Producer

Organisms that use the energy of the Organisms that use the energy of the sun to produce sun to produce organicorganic compounds compounds

17. Define Autotroph17. Define Autotroph

17. Define Autotroph 17. Define Autotroph

Another term for producerAnother term for producer

18. Define Consumer:18. Define Consumer:

18. Define Consumer: 18. Define Consumer:

get their energy from eating other get their energy from eating other organisms organisms

19. Define 19. Define HeterotrophHeterotroph

19. Define Heterotroph 19. Define Heterotroph

Another term for consumerAnother term for consumer

20. Define 20. Define DecomposerDecomposer

20. Define Decomposer 20. Define Decomposer

Organisms that break down living or Organisms that break down living or dead matter into smaller moleculesdead matter into smaller molecules

21. Define Herbivore21. Define Herbivore

21. Define Herbivore 21. Define Herbivore

animals that only eat producersanimals that only eat producers

22. Define Carnivore22. Define Carnivore

22. Define Carnivore 22. Define Carnivore

meat eating organismsmeat eating organisms

23. Define Detritivore23. Define Detritivore

23. Define Detritivore 23. Define Detritivore

Organisms that only break down Organisms that only break down wastewaste

24. In the food chain below, 24. In the food chain below, label the producers, primary, label the producers, primary,

secondary and tertiary secondary and tertiary consumers.consumers.

24. In the food chain below, 24. In the food chain below, label the producers, primary, label the producers, primary,

secondary and tertiary secondary and tertiary consumers.consumers.

25. What is the 25. What is the diagram below diagram below

called?called?

Standard 6f

25. What is the diagram below 25. What is the diagram below called? called? Food WebFood Web

Standard 6f

25. Draw a line 25. Draw a line under the producers.under the producers.

25. * Draw a line under the 25. * Draw a line under the producers.producers.

25. * Circle all 25. * Circle all primary consumers.primary consumers.

25. * Circle all primary 25. * Circle all primary consumers.consumers.

25. * Draw a square 25. * Draw a square around all secondary around all secondary

consumers.consumers.

25. * Draw a square around all 25. * Draw a square around all secondary consumers. secondary consumers.

25. * Put a star next 25. * Put a star next to all tertiary to all tertiary consumers.consumers.

25. * Put a star next to all 25. * Put a star next to all tertiary consumers.tertiary consumers.

26. Explain what the energy pyramid 26. Explain what the energy pyramid below shows. Be specific in below shows. Be specific in

explaining the amount of energy explaining the amount of energy passed on and lost at each level of passed on and lost at each level of

the pyramidthe pyramid

26. Explain what the energy pyramid below shows. 26. Explain what the energy pyramid below shows. Be specific in explaining the amount of energy Be specific in explaining the amount of energy

passed on and lost at each level of the pyramidpassed on and lost at each level of the pyramid It shows how the amount of useful energy It shows how the amount of useful energy

that enters each level that enters each level decreasesdecreases

-As you step up, energy is lost. Only the -As you step up, energy is lost. Only the stored energy is passed on.stored energy is passed on.

27. How much energy (kcal) 27. How much energy (kcal) would be passed onto the would be passed onto the

Bass at the top of this energy Bass at the top of this energy pyramid?pyramid?

27. How much energy (kcal) would be 27. How much energy (kcal) would be passed onto the Bass at the top of this passed onto the Bass at the top of this

energy pyramid?energy pyramid? 10% of 100 = 10kCal10% of 100 = 10kCal