ECONOMIC AND NON- STATE INSTITUTIONS

Is a social institution that organizes the production,

distribution and consumption of goods

and services

Any institution that is a player in an economy.

This includes manufacturers, traders, consumers as well as

regulators of an economy.

CONSUMERS1PRODUCERS

FINANCIAL MARKET

GOVERNMENT SECTOR

FOREIGNSECTOR

FACTORMARKET

COMMODITY MARKET

2

3

5

6

7

• RECIPROCITY• REDISTRIBUTION• MARKETS

Refers to the giving and taking of object

without the use of money or other medium

of exchange.

DISTRIBUTION/ EXCHANGE OF GOODS

The system can be in the form of sharing, barter, hospitality, and gift giving

DISTRIBUTION/ EXCHANGE OF GOODSReciprocity

For bands and tribes, reciprocity is the sole form of

economics distribution.

DISTRIBUTION/ EXCHANGE OF GOODSReciprocity

• Satisfy everyone’s economic needs.

• Limit scarcity.• Ensuring survival of the

entire group.

For modern societies, participants typically share symbolic goods and services.

DISTRIBUTION/ EXCHANGE OF GOODSReciprocity

Example:• Gift• Greeting card• Life-sustaining food

MARSHALL SAHLINSAmerican anthropologist

Three basic form of reciprocity

• Generalized reciprocity

• Balanced reciprocity• Negative Reciprocity

• There is no expectation of immediate exchange for the given gifts.

• Sense of obligationIf G.R. are practiced by the society, Generosity will be part of their norms.

It is when both parties try to respond with something of

equal value even though the bond between them is not

so great.

Balance reciprocity commonly practiced by neighboring communities in which one specialize in the production of different

goods or controls different resources

When an individual or group in a reciprocal

exchange system attempts to get morethan what it gives.

DISTRIBUTION/ EXCHANGE OF GOODS

• Members of an organized group contribute goods or money into a common pool of fund.a

• Redistribution has third party to act as intermediary.

• Ex. Form of Taxes• Manipulative redistribution

- Pork barrel

• Market is a place where direct exchange of commodities occur.

• Group of Buyer (Demand) and Supplier (Supply).

• Smaller societies take barter system, a form of exchange of goods by trading

DISTRIBUTION/ EXCHANGE OF GOODS

1. Refers to the giving and taking of object without the

use of money or other media of exchange.

RECIPROCITY

2. Is a social institution that organizes the production,

distribution and consumption of goods and services.

ECONOMY

3. Any institution that is a player in an economy. This includes

manufacturers, traders, consumers as well as regulators

of an economy

ECONOMIC INSTITUTION

4. Give the three types of Reciprocity.

GENERALIZED RECIPROCITY

BALANCED RECIPROCITY

NEGATIVE

RECIPROCITY

5. ___________ has third party to act as intermediary.

REDISTRIBUTION

Its primary functions are maintenance of peace and order and the regulation and control of the lives of the people as well as addressing

the needs of the citizenry to a certain degree of social order.

• Also termed as non-government organization or NGOs, characterized primarily by humanitarian and cooperative rather than commercial activities.

• World bank distinguished NGOs as Operational NGOs and Advocacy NGOs

• Can relieve the pressure on the government.

The establishment authorized by the government to accept deposits, pay interest, clear checks, make loans, act as an intermediary in financial transaction and provide other financial services to its customers.

It is an organization with legal existence, including rights and liabilities, apart from those its members.

• Monopoly• Oligopoly

Is an autonomous and duly registered association of persons with common bond of

interest.

Credit cooperative

Promotes and undertakes savings and lending services among

its members

Consumer cooperativeAims to procure and

distribute commodities to members and nonmembers

Producecooperative

Undertakes joint production whether

agricultural or industrial.

Marketing cooperative

Engages in the supply of production inputs to

members and markets their production.

Advocacycooperative

Promotes and advocates cooperativism among its

members.

Agrarian reform

cooperativeDeveloping an appropriate

system of land tenure, development and

consolidation.

Service cooperative

Engages in hospitalization, transportation,

insurance, housing, labor and other services.

Multi-Purpose cooperative

combines two or more of the business activities of theses different types of

cooperatives.

CooperativeBank

Organized for the primary purpose of providing a wide range of financial services to

cooperatives and their members.

EducationcooperativeOrganized for the primary purpose of owning and

operating licensed educational institutions.

Groups that organize across national

boundaries to pursue some political, social or

cultural goals.

Ex.

Organizes international teams of doctors to

provide medical help in areas struck by disaster

or war.

Ex.

Organize activists across the globe to lobby governments for stronger policies

to protect the environment.

Ex.

Monitors human rights abuses around the world

and publicizes them in order to put pressure on

government.

• Non-government International Organization – These international organizations are non-governmental in nature.

Ex. Red Cross

• Government International Organization – These international organizations are governmental in nature.

Ex. United Nation