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Economic Overview
Fairfax / Falls Church
March 28, 2017
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
2
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
EMPLOYMENT TRENDS .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
WAGE TRENDS ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
COST OF LIVING INDEX ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
OCCUPATION SNAPSHOT ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
INDUSTRY CLUSTERS ................................................................................................................................................................ 11
EDUCATION LEVELS .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
REGION DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
FAQ .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
3
Demographic Profile In 2015, the population in the Fairfax / Falls Church was 1,180,139. Between 2005 and 2015, the region’s population
grew at an annual average rate of 1.2%.
The region has a civilian labor force of 656,021 with a participation rate of 71.6%. Of individuals 25 to 64 in the
Fairfax / Falls Church, 61.4% have a bachelor’s degree or higher which compares with 31.3% in the nation.
The median household income in the Fairfax / Falls Church is $112,502 and the median house value is $502,936.
Summary1
Percent Value
Fairfax / Falls
Church Virginia USA
Fairfax / Falls
Church Virginia USA
Demographics
Population6 — — — 1,180,139 8,382,993 321,418,820
Population Annual Average Growth6 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 12,895 80,589 2,590,222
Median Age2,4 — — — 37.4 37.5 37.2
Under 18 Years4 24.2% 23.2% 24.0% 270,287 1,853,677 74,181,467
18 to 24 Years4 7.7% 10.0% 9.9% 85,912 802,099 30,672,088
25 to 34 Years4 14.6% 13.6% 13.3% 163,577 1,090,419 41,063,948
35 to 44 Years4 15.2% 13.9% 13.3% 169,942 1,108,928 41,070,606
45 to 54 Years4 16.1% 15.2% 14.6% 180,237 1,214,000 45,006,716
55 to 64 Years4 12.2% 11.9% 11.8% 135,997 954,964 36,482,729
65 to 74 Years4 5.8% 6.9% 7.0% 65,297 549,804 21,713,429
75 Years, and Over4 4.1% 5.3% 6.0% 45,374 427,133 18,554,555
Race: White4 63.0% 68.6% 72.4% 703,549 5,486,852 223,553,265
Race: Black or African American4 9.0% 19.4% 12.6% 100,821 1,551,399 38,929,319
Race: American Indian and Alaska Native4 0.4% 0.4% 0.9% 4,028 29,225 2,932,248
Race: Asian4 17.4% 5.5% 4.8% 194,255 439,890 14,674,252
Race: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander4 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 882 5,980 540,013
Race: Some Other Race4 6.1% 3.2% 6.2% 67,776 254,278 19,107,368
Race: Two or More Races4 4.1% 2.9% 2.9% 45,312 233,400 9,009,073
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)4 15.5% 7.9% 16.3% 173,147 631,825 50,477,594
Economic
Labor Force Participation Rate and Size (civilian
population 16 years and over) 71.6% 64.7% 63.3% 656,021 4,266,800 158,897,824
Armed Forces Labor Force 1.2% 1.7% 0.4% 10,956 109,986 1,015,464
Veterans, Age 18-64 7.1% 8.8% 5.5% 53,201 454,935 10,750,884
Median Household Income2 — — — $112,502 $65,015 $53,889
Per Capita Income2 — — — $51,081 $34,152 $28,930
Poverty Level (of all people) 5.9% 11.5% 15.5% 68,716 921,822 47,749,043
Households Receiving Food Stamps 4.2% 9.7% 13.2% 17,079 295,767 15,399,651
Mean Commute Time (minutes) — — — 31.9 27.9 25.9
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
4
Summary1
Percent Value
Fairfax / Falls
Church Virginia USA
Fairfax / Falls
Church Virginia USA
Commute via Public Transportation 9.9% 4.6% 5.1% 61,804 183,183 7,362,038
Union Membership3 6.0% 4.7% 11.1% — — —
Educational Attainment, Age 25-64
No High School Diploma 7.5% 9.5% 11.8% 49,445 425,011 19,736,243
High School Graduate 12.1% 23.8% 26.4% 80,379 1,060,810 43,982,863
Some College, No Degree 13.6% 20.5% 21.7% 89,828 913,912 36,187,232
Associate's Degree 5.5% 7.9% 8.8% 36,322 350,791 14,742,654
Bachelor's Degree 32.2% 22.6% 19.9% 213,089 1,007,981 33,245,950
Postgraduate Degree 29.2% 15.8% 11.4% 193,282 706,207 18,952,103
Housing
Total Housing Units — — — 424,344 3,423,291 133,351,840
Median House Value (of owner-occupied units)2 — — — $502,936 $245,000 $178,600
Homeowner Vacancy 0.9% 1.7% 1.9% 2,492 35,627 1,492,691
Rental Vacancy 3.5% 6.1% 6.4% 4,868 68,583 2,949,366
Renter-Occupied Housing Units (% of Occupied Units) 32.4% 33.8% 36.1% 131,339 1,035,778 42,214,214
Occupied Housing Units with No Vehicle Available (% of
Occupied Units) 4.5% 6.4% 9.1% 18,348 195,314 10,628,474
Social
Enrolled in Grade 12 (% of total population) 1.4% 1.3% 1.4% 16,634 109,737 4,451,334
Disconnected Youth5 1.3% 2.1% 3.0% 764 9,091 518,859
Children in Single Parent Families (% of all children) 19.7% 31.3% 34.8% 53,719 556,588 24,408,909
Disabled, Age 18-64 4.8% 9.1% 10.3% 36,066 464,695 19,985,588
Disabled, Age 18-64, Labor Force Participation Rate and
Size 56.4% 42.6% 41.0% 20,339 198,136 8,185,456
Foreign Born 29.8% 11.7% 13.2% 346,916 966,601 41,717,420
Speak English Less Than Very Well (population 5 yrs and
over) 14.4% 5.6% 8.6% 156,882 435,851 25,410,756
Source: JobsEQ® 1. ACS 2011-2015, unless noted otherwise 2. Median values for certain aggregate regions (such as MSAs) may be estimated as the weighted averages of the median values from the composing counties. 3. 2014; Current Population Survey, unionstats.com, and Chmura; county- and zip-level data are best estimates based upon industry-, MSA-, and state-level data 4. Census 2010 5. Disconnected Youth are 16-19 year olds who are (1) not in school, (2) not high school graduates, and (3) either unemployed or not in the labor force. 6. Census 2015, annual average growth rate since 2005
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
5
Employment Trends
As of 2016Q4, total employment for the Fairfax / Falls Church was 672,487 (based on a four-quarter moving
average). Over the year ending 2016Q4, employment increased 1.5% in the region.
Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q2
with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4.
Unemployment Rate
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate for the Fairfax / Falls Church was 3.4% as of December 2016. The
regional unemployment rate was lower than the national rate of 4.9%. One year earlier, in December 2015, the
unemployment rate in the Fairfax / Falls Church was 3.3%.
Unemployment rate data are from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and updated through December 2016.
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
6
Wage Trends
The average worker in the Fairfax / Falls Church earned annual wages of $77,010 as of 2016Q4. Average annual
wages per worker decreased 0.8% in the region during the preceding four quarters. For comparison purposes,
annual average wages were $52,291 in the nation as of 2016Q4.
Annual average wages per worker data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are
updated through 2016Q2 with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4.
Cost of Living Index The Cost of Living Index estimates the relative price levels for consumer goods and services. When applied to wages
and salaries, the result is a measure of relative purchasing power. The cost of living is 42.0% higher in Fairfax / Falls
Church than the U.S. average.
Cost of Living Information
Annual Average Salary Cost of Living Index
(Base US) US Purchasing Power
Fairfax / Falls Church $77,010 142.0 $54,237
Virginia $53,066 112.0 $47,400
USA $52,291 100.0 $52,291
Source: JobsEQ® Data as of 2016Q4 The Cost of Living Index is developed by Chmura Economics & Analytics and is updated quarterly.
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
7
Industry Snapshot
The largest sector in the Fairfax / Falls Church is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services, employing 169,253
workers. The next-largest sectors in the region are Health Care and Social Assistance (67,922 workers) and Retail
Trade (62,072). High location quotients (LQs) indicate sectors in which a region has high concentrations of
employment compared to the national average. The sectors with the largest LQs in the region are Professional,
Scientific, and Technical Services (LQ = 3.82), Management of Companies and Enterprises (1.81), and Information
(1.61).
Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q2
with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4.
Sectors in the Fairfax / Falls Church with the highest average wages per worker are Management of Companies and
Enterprises ($156,688), Information ($126,990), and Wholesale Trade ($125,077). Regional sectors with the best job
growth (or most moderate job losses) over the last 5 years are Health Care and Social Assistance (+8,380 jobs),
Accommodation and Food Services (+7,400), and Public Administration (+3,644).
Over the next 10 years, employment in the Fairfax / Falls Church is projected to expand by 62,012 jobs. The fastest
growing sector in the region is expected to be Health Care and Social Assistance with a +2.1% year-over-year rate of
growth. The strongest forecast by number of jobs over this period is expected for Professional, Scientific, and
Technical Services (+29,546 jobs), Health Care and Social Assistance (+15,995), and Administrative and Support
and Waste Management and Remediation Services (+3,520).
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
8
Current Historical Forecast
Four Quarters Ending with
2016q4
Total
Change
over the
Last 5
Years
Average Annual % Change in
Employment 2011q4-2016q4 Over the Next 10 Years
NAICS Industry Empl
Avg.
Annual
Wages
Location
Quotient Empl
Fairfax /
Falls
Church
Virginia USA
Total
Approx
Repl
Demand
Total
Growth
Demand
Avg.
Annual
Growth
Percent
11 Agriculture, Forestry,
Fishing and Hunting 190 $18,573 0.02 9 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 66 -2 -0.1%
21 Mining, Quarrying, and
Oil and Gas Extraction 200 $78,443 0.07 -1 -0.1% -9.1% -3.5% 48 1 0.0%
22 Utilities 2,059 $90,541 0.57 46 0.5% -0.1% 0.2% 520 -37 -0.2%
23 Construction 30,081 $60,845 0.82 -1,366 -0.9% 0.8% 3.1% 6,175 3,312 1.0%
31 Manufacturing 6,389 $60,235 0.11 -3,538 -8.4% 0.2% 1.0% 1,402 -690 -1.1%
42 Wholesale Trade 14,515 $125,077 0.55 -642 -0.9% -0.3% 1.1% 3,283 899 0.6%
44 Retail Trade 62,072 $37,145 0.85 3,061 1.0% 0.8% 1.5% 19,314 1,169 0.2%
48 Transportation and
Warehousing 13,365 $50,276 0.48 1,029 1.6% 2.5% 2.5% 3,359 -875 -0.7%
51 Information 21,747 $126,990 1.61 -2,319 -2.0% -1.5% 0.8% 5,170 -509 -0.2%
52 Finance and Insurance 27,179 $121,872 1.02 2,297 1.8% 1.8% 1.1% 6,630 2,236 0.8%
53 Real Estate and Rental
and Leasing 11,751 $73,878 1.03 699 1.2% 0.7% 1.9% 2,694 809 0.7%
54 Professional, Scientific,
and Technical Services 169,253 $116,967 3.82 -6,204 -0.7% 1.0% 2.6% 37,593 29,546 1.6%
55 Management of
Companies and
Enterprises 17,682 $156,688 1.81 -1,703 -1.8% -0.2% 3.1% 3,798 617 0.3%
56
Administrative and
Support and Waste
Management and
Remediation Services
45,415 $54,056 1.04 2,640 1.2% 2.3% 2.7% 10,499 3,520 0.7%
61 Educational Services 53,554 $53,520 0.96 2,135 0.8% 0.1% 0.5% 11,473 3,313 0.6%
62 Health Care and Social
Assistance 67,922 $58,239 0.71 8,380 2.7% 2.0% 2.4% 14,369 15,995 2.1%
71 Arts, Entertainment, and
Recreation 12,505 $26,403 0.94 -236 -0.4% 1.5% 2.3% 3,913 889 0.7%
72 Accommodation and
Food Services 49,472 $23,077 0.83 7,400 3.3% 2.5% 3.2% 17,606 2,266 0.4%
81 Other Services (except
Public Administration) 32,667 $42,925 1.09 1,662 1.0% 1.0% -0.1% 8,295 1,190 0.4%
92 Public Administration 33,123 $93,121 1.03 3,644 2.4% 0.6% -0.1% 7,779 -1,781 -0.6%
99 Unclassified 1,346 $43,691 0.97 1,344 264.8% 35.6% 12.7% 340 123 0.9%
Total - All Industries 672,487 $77,010 1.00 18,336 0.6% 1.1% 1.7% 170,013 62,012 0.9%
Source: JobsEQ® Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q2
with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Forecast employment growth uses national projections adapted for regional growth patterns.
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
9
Occupation Snapshot
The largest major occupation group in the Fairfax / Falls Church is Office and Administrative Support Occupations,
employing 108,280 workers. The next-largest occupation groups in the region are Sales and Related Occupations
(65,346 workers) and Computer and Mathematical Occupations (63,022). High location quotients (LQs) indicate
occupation groups in which a region has high concentrations of employment compared to the national average. The
major groups with the largest LQs in the region are Computer and Mathematical Occupations (LQ = 3.40), Business
and Financial Operations Occupations (1.74), and Architecture and Engineering Occupations (1.57).
Occupation groups in the Fairfax / Falls Church with the highest average wages per worker are Management
Occupations ($143,300), Legal Occupations ($126,000), and Computer and Mathematical Occupations ($101,300).
The unemployment rate in the region varied among the major groups from 1.0% among Legal Occupations to 5.6%
among Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations.
Over the next 10 years, the fastest growing occupation group in the Fairfax / Falls Church is expected to be
Healthcare Support Occupations with a +2.4% year-over-year rate of growth. The strongest forecast by number of
jobs over this period is expected for Computer and Mathematical Occupations (+12,608 jobs) and Business and
Financial Operations Occupations (+7,526). Over the same period, the highest replacement demand (occupation
demand due to retirements and workers moving from one occupation to another) is expected in Office and
Administrative Support Occupations (23,385 jobs) and Sales and Related Occupations (20,486).
Occupation Snapshot in Fairfax / Falls Church
Current Historical Forecast
Four Quarters Ending
with 2016q4 2016q3
Total
Change
over the
Last 5
Years
Avg Ann % Chg in Empl
2011q4-2016q4 Over the Next 10 Years
SOC Title Empl
Avg.
Annual
Wages1
LQ Unempl Unempl
Rate Empl
Fairfax /
Falls
Church
Virginia USA
Current
Online
Job Ads2
Total
Repl
Demand
Total
Growth
Demand
Avg.
Annual
Growth
Percent
11-0000
Management Occupations 46,286 $143,300 1.14 772 1.7% -132 -0.1% 0.8% 1.5% 3,808 14,084 5,360 1.1%
13-0000
Business and Financial Operations Occupations
56,971 $89,800 1.74 1,565 2.6% 156 0.1% 1.1% 1.7% 4,404 12,832 7,526 1.2%
15-0000
Computer and Mathematical Occupations
63,022 $101,300 3.40 1,260 2.4% -2,636 -0.8% 1.2% 2.6% 12,929 10,316 12,608 1.8%
17-0000
Architecture and Engineering Occupations
17,607 $96,500 1.57 257 1.5% -1,283 -1.4% -0.6% 1.2% 1,001 4,540 1,751 1.0%
19-0000
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
8,342 $92,000 1.55 176 1.6% -578 -1.3% 0.1% 1.2% 536 2,628 913 1.0%
21-0000
Community and Social Service Occupations 7,631 $57,600 0.71 226 2.3% 890 2.5% 1.3% 1.7% 234 1,706 744 0.9%
23-0000 Legal Occupations 6,411 $126,000 1.21 92 1.0% -33 -0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 181 1,304 511 0.8%
25-0000
Education, Training, and Library Occupations
37,328 $62,800 0.98 1,561 3.9% 1,089 0.6% 0.2% 0.6% 856 8,270 2,858 0.7%
27- Arts, Design, 12,800 $68,900 1.09 490 3.3% -378 -0.6% 0.6% 1.3% 863 4,482 929 0.7%
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
10
Occupation Snapshot in Fairfax / Falls Church
Current Historical Forecast
Four Quarters Ending
with 2016q4 2016q3
Total
Change
over the
Last 5
Years
Avg Ann % Chg in Empl
2011q4-2016q4 Over the Next 10 Years
SOC Title Empl
Avg.
Annual
Wages1
LQ Unempl Unempl
Rate Empl
Fairfax /
Falls
Church
Virginia USA
Current
Online
Job Ads2
Total
Repl
Demand
Total
Growth
Demand
Avg.
Annual
Growth
Percent
0000 Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations
29-0000
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations
28,790 $87,900 0.76 400 1.3% 2,518 1.8% 1.5% 1.6% 1,749 6,687 5,427 1.7%
31-0000
Healthcare Support Occupations 14,868 $34,800 0.75 449 3.6% 2,141 3.2% 2.1% 2.3% 518 3,412 4,005 2.4%
33-0000
Protective Service Occupations 15,297 $49,700 1.18 460 3.0% -30 0.0% 0.7% 1.0% 1,369 3,011 509 0.3%
35-0000
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations
48,388 $26,500 0.83 2,478 5.6% 6,622 3.0% 2.5% 3.0% 2,890 18,934 2,591 0.5%
37-0000
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations
25,946 $29,400 1.07 1,004 4.2% 1,369 1.1% 1.3% 1.1% 554 5,895 1,566 0.6%
39-0000
Personal Care and Service Occupations 24,757 $31,400 0.92 784 3.5% 2,580 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 1,163 7,293 3,214 1.2%
41-0000
Sales and Related Occupations 65,346 $49,400 0.93 2,103 3.7% 819 0.3% 0.8% 1.4% 5,318 20,486 3,196 0.5%
43-0000
Office and Administrative Support Occupations
108,280 $43,900 1.07 3,303 3.5% 4,304 0.8% 1.2% 1.7% 3,643 23,385 3,322 0.3%
45-0000
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 444 $39,000 0.10 31 4.9% 4 0.2% 1.4% 1.5% 18 155 -6 -0.1%
47-0000
Construction and Extraction Occupations 23,403 $50,400 0.78 806 4.0% -626 -0.5% 0.7% 2.4% 252 4,501 2,600 1.1%
49-0000
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations
22,322 $54,800 0.87 571 3.0% 754 0.7% 0.6% 1.7% 975 5,323 1,013 0.4%
51-0000
Production Occupations 12,519 $42,300 0.30 584 4.8% -1,055 -1.6% 0.7% 1.4% 285 3,255 253 0.2%
53-0000
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations
25,730 $38,000 0.57 1,269 5.2% 1,841 1.5% 1.7% 2.2% 778 6,886 1,037 0.4%
00-0000 Total - All Occupations 672,487 $64,800 1.00 n/a n/a 18,336 0.6% 1.1% 1.7% 44,324 169,385 61,929 0.9%
Source: JobsEQ® Data as of 2016Q4 unless noted otherwise Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding. 1. Occupation wages are as of 2015 and should be taken as the average for all Covered Employment 2. Data represent found online ads active within the last thirty days in any zip code intersecting or within the selected region; data represents a sampling rather than the complete universe of
postings. Occupation employment data are estimated via industry employment data and the estimated industry/occupation mix. Industry employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and currently updated through 2016Q2, imputed where necessary with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Wages by
occupation are as of 2015 provided by the BLS and imputed where necessary. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional
growth patterns.
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
11
Industry Clusters A cluster is a geographic concentration of interrelated industries or occupations. The industry cluster in the Fairfax /
Falls Church with the highest relative concentration is Professional Svc. with a location quotient of 2.39. This cluster
employs 246,025 workers in the region with an average wage of $109,469. Employment in the Professional Svc.
cluster is projected to expand in the region about 1.3% per year over the next ten years.
Location quotient and average wage data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, imputed where necessary, and updated
through 2016Q2 with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns.
Education Levels
Expected growth rates for occupations vary by the education and training required. While all employment in the
Fairfax / Falls Church is projected to grow 0.9% over the next ten years, occupations typically requiring a
postgraduate degree are expected to grow 1.3% per year, those requiring a bachelor’s degree are forecast to grow
1.3% per year, and occupations typically needing a 2-year degree or certificate are expected to grow 1.2% per year.
Employment by occupation data are estimates are as of 2016Q4. Education levels of occupations are based on BLS assignments. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns.
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
12
Region Definition Fairfax / Falls Church is defined as the following counties: Fairfax County, Virginia; Fairfax City, Virginia; Falls
Church City, Virginia
Source: JobsEQ®, http://www.chmuraecon.com/jobseq Copyright ©2017 Chmura Economics & Analytics, All Rights Reserved.
13
FAQ What is a location quotient?
A location quotient (LQ) is a measurement of concentration in comparison to the nation. An LQ of 1.00 indicates a region has
the same concentration of an industry (or occupation) as the nation. An LQ of 2.00 would mean the region has twice the
expected employment compared to the nation and an LQ of 0.50 would mean the region has half the expected employment
in comparison to the nation.
What is replacement demand?
Replacement demand is the number of jobs required due to replacements—retirements and turnover resulting from workers
moving from one occupation into another. Note that replacement demand does not include all turnover—it does not include
when workers stay in the same occupation but switch employers. The replacement demand shown in this report may also be
understated; thus, it can be taken to be a minimum measure of the number of workers who will need to be trained for the
occupation due to replacements. The total projected demand for an occupation is the sum of the replacement demand and
the growth demand (which is the increase or decrease of jobs in an occupation expected due to expansion or contraction of
the overall number of jobs in that occupation).
What is a cluster?
A cluster is a geographic concentration of interrelated industries or occupations. If a regional cluster has a location quotient
of 1.25 or greater, the region is considered to possess a competitive advantage in that cluster.
What is the difference between industry wages and occupation wages?
Industry wages and occupation wages are estimated via separate data sets, often the time periods being reported do not
align, and wages are defined slightly differently in the two systems (for example, certain bonuses are included in the industry
wages but not the occupation wages). It is therefore common that estimates of the average industry wages and average
occupation wages in a region do not match exactly.
What is NAICS?
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used to classify business establishments according to the
type of economic activity. The NAICS Code comprises six levels, from the “all industry” level to the 6-digit level. The first two
digits define the top level category, known as the “sector,” which is the level examined in this report.
What is SOC?
The Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC) is used to classify workers into occupational categories. All workers
are classified into one of over 820 occupations according to their occupational definition. To facilitate classification,
occupations are combined to form 23 major groups, 96 minor groups, and 449 occupation groups. Each occupation group
includes detailed occupations requiring similar job duties, skills, education, or experience.
About This Report
This report and all data herein were produced by JobsEQ®, a product of Chmura Economics & Analytics. The information contained herein was obtained from sources we believe to be reliable.
However, we cannot guarantee its accuracy and completeness.