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Economic ReformsMonopolies/Trusts
Wealth Gap
Economic Reformers sought to curb the power and influence of wealthy interests. The focus was on the following issues:
Economic Reform
» Monopolies» Trusts» Gap between Rich
and Poor
An act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
16th Amendment• Income Tax!
• How can that be a good thing?How can that be a good thing?
• A “Progressive Tax” – the more income you make, the more tax you pay.
• Reduces the gap between rich and poor!Reduces the gap between rich and poor!
Moral Reforms
Prohibition (is our focus!)
Moral ReformMany felt the Morals of our society were at the
root of many turn of the century problems. - Moral Reformers sought to promote Moral
Improvements such as:
• End Drunkenness• End Gambling• End Prostitution
• Educate All Children
• “Americanize” Immigrants and Restrict Entry ofNew Immigrants
Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals
Irwin Irwin McDowellMcDowell
Irwin Irwin McDowellMcDowell
Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott
George McClellanMcClellanGeorge
McClellanMcClellanAmbrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside
Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker
• The Evils of AlcoholThe Evils of AlcoholThe Temperance MovementThe Temperance Movement
Moral Reform
Carrie Nation – “Saloon Smasher”
• Extremely religious upbringing
• Married a drinker (against parents wishes) who died when their daughter was an infant
• Second marriage also unsuccessful - divorced
Carrie Nation – “Saloon Hatcher”
• Used a hatchet to meet goals of temperance movement:
1. destroy property
2. convert saloon keepers
Another New Amendment!
• 18th Amendment (1919)Prohibited manufacture and sale of liquor
• This is known as Prohibition!
Lesson Essential Question
What were turn of the century political concerns
and how were they addressed?
Vocabulary
PatronageReferendum
Political MachinesPendleton Act
InitiativeRecall
Political ReformsPatronage
Election of SenateProposal of BillsVoting on Bills
Removal of Corrupt Elected Officials
All Governments (city, state, and national)
should
Political Reform Goals
1. Allow citizens to have a larger role in government affairs.
2. Be less corrupt and more efficient.
What Progressive Political
Reformers Demanded
We demand for our citizens, Political
Honesty andAccountability!
Key Political Reform Muckraker
Lincoln Steffens
“During nine years of New York City newspaper work ending in 1901, Steffens discovered abundant evidence of the corruption of politicians by businessmen seeking special privileges. In 1901 after he became managing editor of McClure’s Magazine, he began to publish the influential articles later collected as The Shame of the Cities (1906) . . . .”
Britannica Academic Editionhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/564894/Lincoln-Steffens
Boss Tweed
Political Machines and Bosses
Did you remember Boss Hogg?
• The giving of jobs or other political favors to supporters – even if they are not qualified
• Even Presidents did it! …until…
Patronage (the Spoils System)
Assassination of James A. Garfield
• Republican• Killed by a
lawyer, Charles Guiteau - not hired for a job
• Led to Pendleton Civil Service Act (testing for position)
Check out some other political reforms
Giving a Voice to Citizens Regarding Political Candidates . . .
BEFORE
• State legislature chose US Senators
AFTER
• 17th Amendment – US Senators are elected by popular vote
Giving Citizens Power Regarding Bills/Laws . . .
BEFORE
• Only members of state legislature can introduce bills
AFTER
• Initiative – Voters can put bills before the legislation
Giving Citizens Power Regarding Bills/Laws . . .
BEFORE• Only legislatures
pass laws
AFTER• Referendum –
voters can vote on bills directly
• DE voterscontrolraising school taxes
Giving Citizens A Way to Deal with Corrupt Officials
BEFORE
• Only courts or legislature can remove corrupt officials
AFTER
• Recall – voters can remove elected officials from office