Economics, Trade, and RebellionMr. McLaughlin

Chapter 1 Section 4

Plantation Economy

Southern SocietySocial Classes

1)Wealthy Planters2) Small farmers3) Enslaved Africans

Economy Based on TobaccoFirst Successful Cash Crop

Grown in Maryland and VirginiaIndentured servants produced a large amount of Tobacco

South Carolina and GeorgiaRice was a major cash crop

Indigo also became a cash crop

Tenant Farmers

Disparities in WealthPlantation Owners – few in numbers

Enormous economic and political influenceJudges, commanded militias, governed councilsPlantations were self sufficient communities

Small farmers – were the majoritySmall plots of land and lived in tiny housesSubsistence farming

Landless Tenant FarmersRented land and farming materials from others

farmers – limited profits

Bacon’s Rebellion

Bacon’s RebellionGov. Berkeley restricted voting to those who

land and antagonized small farmers buy not protecting from Indian attacks

Nathaniel Bacon led a Rebellion against Berkeley’s Gov. Resented control of wealthy plantation owners1676 led series of raids against Indian villages

and burned Jamestown settlementDid win voting rights for non-landownersConvinced gov. to protect farmers moving

westward

Slavery Statistics

The Rise of SlaveryBacon’s Rebellion spurred the rise of slaveryFewer Englishmen were willing to become

indentured servants(British) Royal African Company began

exporting enslaved Africans making it cheaper for colonists to purchase

Enslaved Africans were often used as collateral for loans

New England SocietyEconomy

Practiced Subsistence FarmingCrops – Wheat, grain, veggies, apples, cattle,

sheep, and pigsFishing and WhalingLumber and Sawmills – Shipbuilding was

cheap Most English ships were built in colonies

Social LifeCentered in TownsGroups were united by a church

New England Society Cont…Local Government

Town Meetings Landowners could vote and pass laws Set the Stage for American Rev.

Puritan SocietyStrict rules regulating daily life

Gambling banned, no mixed dancingValued education – instituted elementary and

secondary schools

Trade and Rise of CitiesTriangular Trade made many New England merchants

richTrade caused Northern ports to become cities

Philadelphia, Boston, and New YorkCharlestown became a city in the SouthUrban Hierarchy

Wealthy MerchantsSkilled artisans, innkeepers, and retailersLaborersServantsIndentured servants and enslaved Africans (10-20% of

pop.)

Life in Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies – New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania, and DelawareWheat – important cash crop

Price more than doubled b/t 1720 and 1770Much was shipped to Europe

Susquehanna, Hudson, and Delaware made it easier for farmers to ship to the coast

Wealthy Capitalists immerged from flour industry

Imperial SystemMercantilism

Economic theory about the world economy Believe a country must acquire gold and silver to become wealthy

This is achieved by selling more goods to other countries than one buys from them

More gold and silver would flow in than out of country A country should also be self sufficient in raw materials To be self sufficient a country needed colonies to get raw

materials Buy raw materials from home county and sell manufactured goods

back In New England created some problems

Could only trade with England If home country did not want goods, no profits

Triangular Trade

Navigation Acts (King Charles II)All goods shipped to and from colonies on English shipsListed specific products that could only be sold to England

or other English coloniesMany colonists did not like acts and broke them

Began smuggling goods to Europe, Caribbean, and Africa in large quantities

King James II tried to end smuggling and created the Dominion of New England Governor Andros was appointed to rule New England, limited

self rule Levied new taxes and enforced Navigation Acts Outlawed marriage outside Anglican Church Angered New Englanders

Navigation Acts

William and Mary

Glorious RevolutionCatholic King James II also angered EnglishmenParliament invited his protestant daughter (Mary) and

Dutch husband James to ruleJames Fled and thus the bloodless “Glorious Revolution”William and Mary had to accept “English Bill of Rights”

Could not suspend Parliament, freedom of speech in Parliament

Influenced American Bill of RightsColonists ousted Governor Andros

RI, and CT self gov.MA, ME new royal colony of Massachusetts

Headed by governor