ECONOMY FROM 1800-1860

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Slow to come to America Need for land, labor, capital, consumers

Samuel Slater-”Father of the factory system” Eli Whitney-cotton gin & interchangeable

parts Textile Industry

Headquarters in Lowell, Massachusetts “Factory girls”

Single farm girls Put in corporate boarding houses Held to very high morals and expectations

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1834-Mower-Reaper Cyrus McCormick

1837-Steel Plow John Deere

1844-Telegraph Samuel Morse

1846-Sewing Machine Isaac Singer

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

IMMIGRATION

“Old Immigration” Western Europe

Irish & Germans Settled

Irish-in cities (NY & Boston), worked in factories & on railroad

Germans-moved west (Wisconsin), farmed “Political Machines”

Wooed & helped new immigrants in exchange for vote

Most famous-”Boss Tweed”, NY Captured in political cartoons by Thomas Nast

IMMIGRATION

IMMIGRATION

“Nativism” Fear & dislike of immigrants

1849-American “Know Nothing” Party Restrictions on immigration Deportation of poor

IMMIGRATION

TRANSPORTATION

Roads 1790s-first paved roads Invention of “turnpike” 1852-First national road from Maryland to Illinois

Waterways 1807-Steamboat invented-Robert Fulton 1825-Erie Canal 1840s-Clipper ships-international trading Mostly helped the west and south to trade goods

and bring in manufactured goods

TRANSPORTATION

TRANSPORTATION

Railroads Most significant contribution to economy Better than water ways

Fast & reliable Cheaper to construct Did not freeze in winter

1828-first railroad By 1860-30,000 miles of track 75 % in the North 1833-passenger travel becomes popular 1859-Pullman’s “sleeping palace”

TRANSPORTATION

TRANSPORTATION

1858-Stagecoaches available for western travel-Missouri to California

COMMUNICATION

1860-Pony Express-mail delivery, Missouri to California in 10 days

1861-Telegraph wires spread west 1866-Telegraph wire crossed Atlantic Ocean

to permanently link America & Europe