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Industrial sustainability 4.0:Technology and resilience in the new global
economy
Nisaar MahomedMoses Kotane Virtual Lecture Series
19th June 2020
19 children born intopoverty
418 tonnes of foodwasted
3 people died ofstarvation
10 seconds
2490
23610
17610
54190
The speed of change
Then
Life expectancy since 1900
Integrated circuits since 1960
Solar panels since 1975
DNA sequencing since 2001
Now
More than doubled
30 000 times faster
250 times cheaper
100 000 times cheaper
Future of production: 12 key emerging technologies
The future of production will require skills at each level of the global value chainHighest level of readiness found in Europe, N America and East Asiahttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/FOP_Readiness_Report_2018.pdf
Global assessment of production readiness
• 25% account for 75% of global MVA• G20 countries are responsible for over 80% of global Manufacturing Value Added• http://www3.weforum.org/docs/FOP_Readiness_Report_2018.pdf
Future technology’s raw material demand
• In 2035, up to 85 trillion RFID-Tags could be sold per year=silver, copper and aluminium.• Increased use of electronics= the global demand for copper will grow between 231 and 341
percent until 2050• Robots=increased demand for steel, copper, tin and silicon
The low carbon transition
In November 2017, the power consumed by the entire bitcoin network was estimated to be higherthan that of the Republic of Ireland.
From doughnut economics to resource use
Doughnut economics• Consider models relevant to this millennium• Endless GDP growth but at what cost?• Extreme inequality is a design failure• Design should be distributive and regenerative.
ProductDesign:
- Last Longer- Reused- Recycled- Disassembled
ProcessDesign:
- MinimizeWaste
- Remanufacture- Refurbish- Resource Use- Feedback
loops
BusinessModels:
- Prosumers- Rent vs Buy- Services vs
Product- Exchange &
Sharing
Underpinned by Technology Enablers3D Printing; Platforms; Big Data; IOT; Advanced Materials
The circular economy and new technology
South Africa’s energy crisis
In 2001, Eskom was named the Financial Times Power Company of the YearIn 2019, its debt levels of R430bn represent about 15 percent of the state’s total debt,
Manufacturing underutilisation
• 20% of South Africa's manufacturing capacity is not being used.• Source: https://www.southafricanmi.com/south-africas-manufacturing-industry.html
Fashion and 4IR
World consumes 80 billion items ofclothing
Dyeing and treatment of garmentscomprises 20% of all industrial waterproduction
After use 73% of clothes end up inlandfill
8000 synthetic chemicals used to turnraw materials into textiles
98 million tons of oil used per year
70 million trees destroyed to makeclothes
20 000 litres79 bn litres in 2015
Ananas Anam (British) turns pineapple leavesinto leather textile
Orange Fiber (Italy)-extracts cellulose fromorange rinds to produce a silk like material
Myco Works combines corn husks and sawdustwith mycelium to make leather
AR powered Converse Sampler APP-point cellphone at feet to visualise entire conversecatalogue
Blockchain end to end digital histories that tracksraw material from shearing wool to final product
Making food in a lab
• US$ 8 trillion industry, 10% of the world's GDP.• 33% wasted, 900 million people go to bed hungry
a cow is just a technology that transforms
the proteins, sugars, and fats present in
plants from one format into another.
"