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Ecosystem FlowsEcosystem FlowsHydrology and Hydrology and ConnectivityConnectivity
Joe TrungaleJoe Trungale
October 2, 2006October 2, 2006
OrganizationOrganization
Sustainable Rivers Program to Caddo Sustainable Rivers Program to Caddo Watershed and Building Blocks Watershed and Building Blocks RecommendationsRecommendations
Hydrology and ConnectivityHydrology and Connectivity Review of building block Review of building block
recommendations and research priorities. recommendations and research priorities. Status report of on-going work.Status report of on-going work. Strategy for refinements to flow Strategy for refinements to flow
recommendations and research priorities.recommendations and research priorities. Little and Black CypressLittle and Black Cypress
Process to Develop Process to Develop Ecosystem Flow Ecosystem Flow
RecommendationsRecommendationsDecember 2004
April 2005
May 2005
On-going
Ecosystem Flow Ecosystem Flow ComponentsComponents
Flow prescription considers the Flow prescription considers the flow regime (Large Floods, Small Floods, High flow regime (Large Floods, Small Floods, High
Flow Pulses, Low Flows, and Extreme Low Flows) Flow Pulses, Low Flows, and Extreme Low Flows) inter-annual variation (wet, normal and dry years) inter-annual variation (wet, normal and dry years) riverine and lake components (hydrology, biology, riverine and lake components (hydrology, biology,
geomorphology, water quality and connectivity)geomorphology, water quality and connectivity) measures (magnitude, frequency, duration, measures (magnitude, frequency, duration,
timing and rate of change)timing and rate of change) ecosystem responseecosystem response
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Instream Flow Building BlocksBig Cypress Creek/ Caddo Lake
Low Flows
High FlowPulses
Floods
6,000-10,000 cfs for 2-3 daysEvery 3-5 years
*Maintain aquatic habitat in floodplain* Riparian seed dispersal
* Inhibition of upland vegetation for both creek & lake*Seed dispersal
* Vegetation removal20,000 cfs for 2-3 days
Every 10 years*For channel migration
6,000 cfs for 2-3 days Every 2 years
* For channel maintenance
Key
Dry Year
Avg Year
Wet Year90 cfs
Fish habitat218 – 49 cfs
Spawning habitat13 - 6 cfs
Maintain aquatic diversity40 - 90 cfsFish habitat
268-347 cfsPre-dam median
390 - 79 cfsBenthic drift & dispersal, fish spawning
35 - 40 cfsFish habitat
40 - 117 cfsPre-dam median
40 – 536 cfsMaintain biodiversity and connectivity (backwater & oxbows)
1,500 cfs for 2-3 days 3-5X a year every year
* 1 occurring in March for Paddlefish* Sediment transport, oxbow connectivity
•Waterfowl habitat flushing(Includes December)
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Lake Level Building Blocks
Caddo Lake
Low Lake Level
Normal Lake Level
Elevated Lake Level
Inhibition of upland vegetation
Summer draw down to prepare for nutrient flush.
Duration: every year for 1 ten year period
Refill for Nutrient and sediment flush
Duration: about 15 days
This chart is based on the assumption that the lake would benefit from nutrient flushing. Unknown’s include (but are not limited to) the quality of the refill water, impacts and on aquatic species and how long it will take to drop down. This idea is currently “parked”
HydrologyHydrology
Stream gagesStream gages Lake elevationLake elevation Seasonal patterns of natural river Seasonal patterns of natural river
flow and lake level fluctuationflow and lake level fluctuation Response of the natural system to Response of the natural system to
human influenceshuman influences Water development plansWater development plans GroundwaterGroundwater
Caddo Lake Elevation
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
1933 1943 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003
Date
Ele
vatio
n (f
t)
ElevationSpillwayWetlandsLOP
Caddo Lake ElevationHigh Lake Elevation in Jan 1988
164166168170172174176178180182184
12/4
/87
12/1
4/87
12/2
4/87
1/3/
88
1/13
/88
1/23
/88
2/2/
88
Date
Ele
vatio
n (f
t)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Caddo Lake ElevationHigh Lake Elevation in Feb-March 2001
164166168170172174176178180182184
2/8/
01
2/18
/01
2/28
/01
3/10
/01
3/20
/01
3/30
/01
Date
Ele
vatio
n (f
t)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Seasonal Flow Patterns Seasonal Flow Patterns EFC Monthly Low Flows
Little Cypress Black Cypress
1947-2005 (59 years) 1969-2005 (37 years)
25% 50% 75% 25% 50% 75%
January 112 242 462 125 222 322
February 186 417 570 201 300 366
March 219 415 548 242 306 382
April 158 287 466 140 205 327
May 86 155 320 80 156 210
June 38 96 179 42 95 191
July 12 26 80 11 32 63
August 1 10 30 1 5 14
September 1 10 33 1 4 19
October 5 19 53 4 13 45
November 18 65 133 19 74 158
December 68 144 250 91 209 294
Response of the natural Response of the natural system to human influencessystem to human influences
To what extent have the base, high pulse, and To what extent have the base, high pulse, and overbank flows in the river changed over time overbank flows in the river changed over time in response to human influences? Have in response to human influences? Have extreme low flows (i.e., subsistence flows) extreme low flows (i.e., subsistence flows) become more frequent or extreme? become more frequent or extreme?
What are the primary human influences on the What are the primary human influences on the flow regime, and where do these impacts flow regime, and where do these impacts occur? occur?
What types of water development activities are What types of water development activities are planned for the future, and how might those planned for the future, and how might those developments influence river flows?developments influence river flows?
Water DevelopmentWater Development
Percent ExcedenceDry Average Wet
Natural Current SB1 Full Natural Current SB1 Full Natural Current SB1 FullJan 87% 62% 53% 35% 66% 43% 39% 28% 53% 38% 36% 25%Feb 98% 72% 67% 47% 78% 59% 48% 37% 68% 54% 43% 31%Mar 92% 69% 60% 42% 80% 62% 54% 38% 72% 58% 50% 34%Apr 84% 66% 63% 49% 76% 60% 58% 41% 69% 57% 53% 36%May 85% 68% 66% 46% 80% 66% 64% 42% 69% 58% 53% 37%Jun 85% 65% 58% 42% 78% 55% 50% 35% 67% 49% 46% 31%Jul 87% 62% 51% 35% 80% 44% 39% 23% 69% 32% 31% 19%
Aug 86% 57% 46% 43% 70% 38% 34% 12% 70% 38% 34% 12%Sep 76% 50% 44% 37% 55% 32% 25% 14% 55% 32% 25% 14%Oct 54% 29% 20% 10% 54% 29% 20% 10% 51% 27% 20% 10%Nov 63% 37% 28% 16% 63% 37% 28% 16% 62% 37% 28% 16%Dec 79% 49% 46% 27% 75% 46% 45% 26% 57% 35% 34% 18%
Connectivity/HydraulicsConnectivity/Hydraulics Hydraulic modeling and Hydraulic modeling and
flood hazard mappingflood hazard mapping Relationships between Relationships between
river and lake stagesriver and lake stages Relationships between Relationships between
river flow and hydraulic river flow and hydraulic habitat. (i.e. distribution habitat. (i.e. distribution of velocities and depths of velocities and depths in the river channel)in the river channel)
Longitudinal Longitudinal connectivity connectivity
Lateral connectivityLateral connectivity
Floodplain
Precipitation
WatershedBoundary
HeadwatersWetlands
Tributary Hillside
Bankside
Groundwater
Water Table
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000140
150
160
170
180
190
200
BCypress1 Plan: Plan 02 3/20/2006
Station (ft)
Ele
vatio
n (ft
)
Legend
WS PF 9
WS PF 8
WS PF 7
WS PF 6
WS PF 5
WS PF 4
WS PF 3
WS PF 2
WS PF 1
Ground
Bank Sta
.13 .04 .13
Hydraulic Modeling / Hydraulic Modeling / Wetland Inundation Wetland Inundation
MappingMapping
20 30 40 50 60 70 80120
140
160
180
200
220BCypress1 Plan: Plan 02 3/20/2006
Main Channel Distance (mi)
Ele
vatio
n (ft
)
Legend
WS PF 9
WS PF 8
WS PF 7
WS PF 6
WS PF 5
WS PF 4
WS PF 3
WS PF 2
WS PF 1
Ground
Watershed Protection Watershed Protection PlanPlan
Control of Caddo Lake levels Control of Caddo Lake levels Ecosystem flowsEcosystem flows Groundwater-Surface Water Groundwater-Surface Water
interaction interaction Flood protection and mappingFlood protection and mapping DroughtDrought Capacity of Big Cypress Creek to Capacity of Big Cypress Creek to
handle releases from Lake O’ the Pines handle releases from Lake O’ the Pines
Topics for Breakout Topics for Breakout SessionsSessions
Subsistence FlowsSubsistence Flows Little and Black Cypress Building Little and Black Cypress Building
Blocks and Research PrioritiesBlocks and Research Priorities Wetland Flood Plan InundationWetland Flood Plan Inundation Groundwater – Surface Water Groundwater – Surface Water
InteractionsInteractions